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1 wheel-lock
The entrance hole for the spark may be observed at the beginning of the gun barrel.
Fig. 3: entrance hole for the spark at the beginning of the gun barrel
2 See Wikisource (in German) Elektrische Kraft Hertz published 13. December 1888 3 Van t Hoff (1901), Lorentz (1902), Zeeman (eveneens in 1902), Van der Waals (1910) and Kamerlingh Onnes (1913) 4 Het fysisch kabinet van het Bisschoppelijk College te Roermond - de belangrijke rol van de HBS
The antenna had to be energized by an inductor coil and Bunsen- battery elements 5, producing a considerable amount of high-frequency energy.
Electrodes
Hertz designed special electrodes, which had to be removable in order to be cleaned, polished and (if necessary) replaced. Hertz describes his experimental setup with two resonating sparking antennas A, respectively B as follows:6 a Ruhmkorff inductor a with a length of 52cm and 20cm diameter, a total of 6 large Bunsen elements (b) and a special mercury interrupter. This system had been proven to generate 3cm sparks between two bulb-like electrodes. As a rule electrode A was setup for a spark length of 1 cm7 a second inductor (e) had been setup with a much smaller secondary spark length of approximately 1 mm8 two ball-form, brass electrodes with 5 up to 10mm diameter. The poles must be kept smooth and clean9. Corrosion or dirt may cause malfunctioning.
Fig. 9: elektroden
6 Elektrische Kraft Hertz:070 7 Den Funken A gab ein grosses Inductorium (a, Fig. 18.) von Ruhmkorff von 52 cm Lnge und 20 cm Durchmesser, getrieben durch 6 grosse Bunsensche Elemente (b) und versehen mit einem besonderen Quecksilberinterruptor (c). Es vermochte bei dem vorhandenen Strom zwischen Spitze und Platte Funken bis zu 10 cm, zwischen 2 Kugeln Funken bis zu etwa 3 cm Lnge zu geben. Benutzt wurde meist ein Funke von 1 cm Lnge 8 Elektrische Kraft Hertz:071 : Benutzt wurden Funken von etwa 1 mm Lnge zwischen den vernickelten Kugeln eines Riesssehen Funkenmikrometers (f) oder zwischen Messingkugeln von 5 bis 10 mm Durchmesser. 9 Die Pole mssen rein und glatt sein, sind sie verunreinigt oder durch langen Gebrauch stark corrodirt, so versagt wohl die Wirkung.
Fig. 11: Sestante Serie 12310 made by Filotecnica Salmoiraghi of Milan Antique brass sextant Ing. A Salmoiraghi Milano signed, probably early 1900, with lenses and original hardwood box. The sextant and the box have been labeled with a serial number 12310.
In 1979 I investigated the possibility to trace the origin and age of the instrument, but found the manufacturer's archive had been destroyed in the course of World War II
11 Some more information towards sextants is found in A Fine Sextant by Filotecnica Salmoiraghi of Milan
J. Sewill
At the side of the lid of the box there is a paper label documenting: J. Sewill, Maker to the Royal Navy, 61 South Castle St., Liverpool and in handwriting some personal information: No. 10011, Name: Colaba, Captain.
Fig. 14: Label at the sextant's case, specifying Joseph or Joshua Sewill I did not find any captain Colaba in the web. Instead the Indian city of Colaba may be considered as a home station for an unknown captain12. Colaba is the place where the Viceroys and Governors used to land upon their arrival in India. The Gateway of India, though built as a welcome to King George V for his visit of 1911, then an event of grand significance for British India and the British empire, today serves as a "monumental memento" of colonialisation and subjugation by the British over the people of India.[
12 Colaba
The name Colaba, comes from Kolabhat, a word in the language of Kolis, the indigenous inhabitants of the islands, before the arrival of Portuguese. The area that is now Colaba was originally a region consisting of two islands: Colaba and Little Colaba (or Old Woman's Island). The island of Colaba was one of the Seven islands of Bombay ruled by the Portuguese. The group of islands was gifted by Portugal to Charles II of England as dowry when he married Catherine of Braganza.
13 Source: 1202_T specifies the address: J Sewill, 61 South Castle Street, Liverpool
Fig. 15: C. Reichert microscope Nr. 14939 Oil-immersion is being used for 100- or 60-fold magnification, Water-immersion is used for high resolution observation of living materials.
C. Reichtert
According to the museum for optical instruments C. Reichert (Vienna) must have produced the instruments for the serial number before 1900. In the year 1891 serial number 10,000 has been reached and before 1898 the microscope with serial number 20,000 has been reported to have left the factory. A research microscope Reichert 11692 may have been produced around 1892. The objective system 14939 may be dated around 1900 as well. The microscope C. Reichert (Wien), Nr. 14709 has been equipped with a equally numbered hard wooden case including the following materials (with their text inscribed labels): - Wooden box Nr. 14709 with a key - Wooden box with carrier materials, filter clip and magnifier - extra illumination rind - 2 Oculars (unlabeled) - Objective C. Reichert (Wien) No. 4b - Objective C. Reichert (Wien) No. 8a - Objective C. Reichert (Wien) No. 18b, 1''/12, Homog. Imm. Apert. 1.30, No. 14939 The microscope has been equipped with an extra paper label: A. Rosenthal, C&K Dvorki Optik & Mechanik, Praha, Prikopy 26
14 Grand Pied A Coulisse Ancien Fer Forg Laiton Nom Grav Outil Ancien Collection 15 Isaure meaning and name origin
Strange as it may seem part of the caliper has been made of steel, the other part however in brass. The scale ranges from 0 to 20cm and provides a 19/20-vernier scale.
Fig. 17: Standard caliper and the ancient (French?) caliper (below)
Fig. 18: ...speciale buis van de zolder.... Best synchronization required a stable mains frequency and succeeded at 1 'o clock at night. Our host told us he had been allowed to help his father as a 13 years old kid.
Fig. 21: Hertel & Reuss, Optik, Kassel and the word Bepco
Contents
1500: A wheel-lock pistol or Puffer ................................................................................................1 1890: The Hertz antenna..................................................................................................................3 Electrodes....................................................................................................................................7 Craters in the electrodes' surface ................................................................................................8 1900: Sestante Serie 12310 made by Filotecnica Salmoiraghi of Milan......................................9 The Manufacturer A. Salmoiraghi..............................................................................................9 J. Sewill.....................................................................................................................................12 Joseph and Joshua Sewill .........................................................................................................13 1900: Light microscope by C. Reichert ........................................................................................14 C. Reichtert...............................................................................................................................15 ~1900 An ancient (French?) Caliper..............................................................................................16 1933: BBC TV-reception in Italy...................................................................................................18 ~1950 A Hertel & Reuss Microscope Illumination Set.................................................................19 1959: Kodak Cine Automatic Turret Camera F/1.9 ......................................................................21