ColumnShortening

Midas Gen One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

19 November 2013 Midas IT, HyeYeon Lee esupport@midasit.com

ColumnShortening

Contents
I. Introduction in Column Shortening II. Column Shortening of Lotte World Tower III. midas Gen Introduction

m Introduction
midas Gen Introduction

Intuitive User Interface

Works Tree (Input summary with powerful modeling capabilities) Models created and changed with ease Floor Loads defined by area and on inclined plane Built-in Section property Calculator Tekla Structures, Revit Structures & STAAD interfaces

RC Design: ACI318, Eurocode 2 & 8, BS8110, IS:456 & 13920, CSA-A23.3, GB50010, AIJ-WSD, TWN-USD, Steel Design: AISC-ASD & LRFD, AISI-CFSD, Eurocode 3, BS5950, IS:800, CSA-S16, GBJ17 & GB50017, AIJ-ASD, TWN-ASD & LSD, SRC Design: SSRC, JGJ138, CECS28, AIJ-SRC, TWN-SRC Footing Design: ACI381, BS8110 Slab & Wall Design: Eurocode 2 Capacity Design: Eurocode 8, NTC2008 3-D Column Shortening Reflecting change in Modulus, Creep and Shrinkage Construction Stage Analysis accounting for change in geometry, supports and loadings Building model generation wizard Automatic mass conversion Material stiffness changes for cracked section

Comprehensive Design

High-rise Specific Functionality

Seismic Specific Functionality

Static Seismic Loads Response Spectrum Analysis Time History Analysis (Linear & Non-linear) Base Isolators and Dampers Pushover Analysis Fiber Analysis Capacity Design: Eurocode 8, NTC2008

Introduction
multi-storey reinforced concrete structure

midas Gen Introduction

ColumnShortening

Contents
I. Introduction in Column Shortening II. Column Shortening of Lotte World Tower III. midas Gen Introduction

ColumnShortening

Construction Stage Analysis

Why Construction Stage Analysis?
Dead Load is Sequential Loading. Time Dependent Material Properties (Elastic Modulus, Creep, and Shrinkage) Compensation for Differential Column Shortening

Dead Load + Live Load Wind

LL, WL,EQ A cts

Other Dead Loads (Partitions, Finishes)

Self weight of slab Earthquake

Construction Completed Structure Sequence

5

ColumnShortening

Construction Stage Analysis

Comparison between with and without considering sequential loading

Shortenings of an 80-story column (cm) Steel Elastic Creep Shrinkage Total

End Moment of Girder by Stories (Wall Connection)
6

Concrete 6.1 4.6 6.1 16.8

19.6 19.6

ColumnShortening High-rise Considerations

Effects of Column Shortening

Structural safety aspects
Increase construction cost due to additional stress in outrigger and mega column Safety verification due to the tilt of tower Construction Joint management Lateral-Displacement control High performance Concrete Spalling Concrete Pumping Technology Health Monitoring Decline of construction quality by over or lessreinforced rebar Safety of joint members Deformation of members due to Additional stress Safety verification of slab due to deferential shortening

Usability aspects
Safety of Elevator operation due to tower tilt Deformation and failure of curtain wall and exterior materials Deformation and failure of Vertical piping Reverse Inclination of Drainage Piping System Serviceability problems due to slope on the slab Breakage of finishes

Wind Induced acceleration control

Optimum Structure System

Compensation for Differential Shortening

Deformation of Vertical Piping System Elevators safety due to towers tilt

Additional Stress of Outrigger

ColumnShortening

Effects of Column Shortening

Deformation and breakage of Facades, windows & Parapet walls

Reverse Inclination of Drainage Piping System

Deformation of Vertical Piping System

Deformation and breakage of internal partitions

ColumnShortening

Reasons of Column Shortening

Column Shortening
Deformation of the tower is a naturally occurring depending on material, construction method Vertical Deformation: Vertical Shortening / Settlement / Construction Errors Horizontal Deformation: Differential Shortening / Settlement Uneven load due to construction method Asymmetric floor plan / Construction errors
Vertical Deformation Horizontal Deformation

Tower Deformation

Column Shortening in Concrete Structures = Elastic Deformation 1 + Inelastic Deformation 2 Inelastic Shortening: 1 ~ 3 times of Elastic Shortening Types of Inelastic Shortening: Shrinkage, Creep
Deferential Shortening

1
Conc Vertical Member
With Time

1 2

Core Shortening

Pre-slab Installation shortening

Column Shortening

Core wall
<Inelastic>

Column < Deferential Deformation >

Initial Curing

<Elastic>

ColumnShortening

Reasons of Column Shortening

Elastic and Inelastic Column Shortening
Concrete Structures
Stress Strain Strain is constant for a given Stress during loading & unloading

Steel Structures
- Linear elastic Behavior

Nonlinear Inelastic Behavior But in general Analysis and design behavior of concrete is treated as linear elastic material

Neither Stress Strain

Nor Strain is constant for a given Stress During loading & unloading

Elastic Strain + Inelastic Strain

E = ( / ) L = (PL/A E)
10

ColumnShortening

Column Shortening
Elastic and Inelastic Column Shortening

Two basic prerequisites for accurately and efficiently predicting these effects are Reliable Data for the creep and shrinkage characteristics of the particular concrete mix Analytical procedures for the inclusion of these time effects in the design of structure. Some of the popular predictive methods for predicting creep and shrinkage strains are Eurocode ACI 209 -92 Bazant Bewaja B3 CEB FIP (1978, 1990) PCA Method (Mark Fintel) GL 2000 (Gardner and Lockman)

11

ColumnShortening

Column Shortening
Elastic and Inelastic Column Shortening

The total strain at any time t may be expressed as the sum of the instantaneous, creep and shrinkage components:

Where, e (t) = Instantaneous strain at time t, c (t) = Creep strain at time t, sh (t) = Shrinkage strain at time t.

12

ColumnShortening

Column Shortening
Elastic and Inelastic Column Shortening

The instantaneous strain in concrete at any time t is expressed by

(t) = Stress at time t, Ec(t) = Elastic modulus of concrete at time t, given by

Ecm: Secant modulus of elasticity of concrete at an age of 28 days fcm(t): Mean value of concrete cylinder compressive strength at an age of t days fcm: Mean value of concrete cylinder compressive strength at an age of 28 days

cc(t): Coefficient which depends on the age of the concrete t s: Coefficient which depends on the type of cement, 0,20 or 0,25 or 0,38
13

ColumnShortening

Column Shortening
Elastic and Inelastic Column Shortening

Inelastic Shortening = Creep + Shrinkage Creep

Creep is time-dependent increment of strain under sustained stress. Basic creep occurs under the condition of no moisture movement to and fro m the environment. Drying creep is the additional creep caused by drying. Drying creep has its effect only during the initial period of load. As per EN1992-1-1:2004, the creep deformation of concrete is predicted as f ollows:
Where, t0 = Age of the concrete at first loading in days Ec= Tangent modulus, 1.05Ecm c = Constant compressive stress at time t=

Shrinkage
As per EN1992-1-1:2004, the total shrinkage strain is composed of two components, the drying shrinkage strain and the autogenous shrinkage strain. Drying Shrinkage(cd) is due to moisture loss in concrete. Autogenous Shrinkage(ca) is caused by hydration of cement.

Where, kh = coefficient depending on the notional size h0 t = age of the concrete at the moment considered ts = age of the concrete (days) at the beginning of drying shrinkage

14

ColumnShortening

Reasons of Column Shortening

Influence Factors of Creep and Shrinkage Type Influence Factors Variables
Water Cement ratio Mixture Proportions Aggregate Characteristics Degrees of Compaction Curing Condition Curing Temperature Concrete Temperature Relative Humidity Size and Shape Concrete age at load Application Duration of loading/Stress Ratio

Concrete Properties (Creep & Shrinkage)

Concrete Composition

Curing Member Geometry and Environment Variable (Creep & Shrinkage) Loading (Creep Only) Environment Geometry Loading History Stress Conditions

Required to monitor during construction by material test and measuring in the field.
15

ColumnShortening

Column Shortening Analysis Process

Preliminary Analysis

Pre-Analysis

Material / Section Properties Applied Load, Schedule

Design with Additional Force

Material Experiment
Compressive strength Modulus of elasticity Creep & Shrinkage

Main analysis
Updating material properties from experiments Construction sequence considering the field condition

Applying Compensation to in-situ structure

Main Analysis,
Construction

1st, 2nd, 3rd Re-Analysis

Suggestion of compensation and details for nonconstructed part of structure

& Re-Analysis

Measurement
Measurement of strain for Column & Wall

Final Report
4.0E-04
Back Analysis Output (103-1F-01) Strain Gauge Output (103-1F-01)

3.0E-04

2.0E-04

Shortening, result from test, measurement Review

0 50 100 150 200 Day 250 300 350

0.0E+00

Strain

1.0E-04

16

ColumnShortening

Column Shortening Analysis Process

Procedure for predicting accurate shortening results
(30~40%) Compensation by measurement and re-analysis (15~25%)

Minimize errors by material test

Variables of Shortening
(30~40%) Environment Condition
Temperature Relative Humidity

Material Properties
Elastic Modulus, Conc. Strength Mix ratio(W/C, S/A ), Amount of air Volume vs Surface ratio, Rebar ratio Curing condition

Construction Schedule and Field Condition

Changes in Schedule Design loads vs Construction loads Construction error Settlement shortening

18 16 14
3 ) Creep Deformation(x10 (x103 )

1) Pre-analysis is performed based on the several assumption of

values Measured
Measurement Pre-Analysis

construction schedule, material properties, and environment condition. For the safety factor, conservative results will be obtained. Serviceability problems can occur due to the over-estimated compensation. 2) Accurate shortening must be calculated during construction by

12 10 8 6 4 2 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

(PCA) Pre-analysis

28 Compressive strength at 28 days

material test, measurement and re-analysis.

Error between measurement and predicted values

17

ColumnShortening

Column Shortening Analysis Process

Material Test
Specimens created Curing Testing CREEP Drying Shrinkage Strain Gauge Attachment Strain Gauge
2 years 2 Years

Compressive strength / modulus of elasticity / drying shrinkage / creep experiments Generate formulations based on the test and update the model Need on-site materials testing according to the construction progress Reflect Site Conditions at a given time

Elastic Modulus

Primary Modulus test Secondary Modulus test Third order Modulus test

Measure Deformation

Measure Deformation Final Report

<Cylinder Specimens (Ec, Fc, Creep)>

<Loading of Specimens>

<Material Testing Procedure>

18

ColumnShortening

Column Shortening Analysis Process

Field Measurement
Analytical Measurement Experimental Measurement

Using Software or Manual Calculation Shortening analysis based on the predictive equations Apply material test results Consider construction schedule Difference in field environmental condition (temperature, humidity) Difference in initial curing condition Difference in loading history Difference in material composition
5.0E-04 4.5E-04 4.0E-04 3.5E-04 3.0E-04
Strain

Field Measurements Installing gages in major structural members Measuring deformations in accordance with construction field condition Considering accurate loading time Considering field condition and variables Apply for the compensation

Back Analysis Output(TA1-20F02) Stain Gauge Output(TA1-20F-02)

2.5E-04 2.0E-04 1.5E-04 1.0E-04 5.0E-05 0.0E+00 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Date 350 400 450 500 550

Deferent between analysis value and measurement

19

ColumnShortening

Column Shortening Analysis Process

Field Measurement

Determination of Installation location

Installation of Gauge

After Installation

After Installation of Gauge

After Casting of Concrete

Field data collection

20

ColumnShortening

Compensation at Site
Pre-slab installation shortenings Shortenings taking place up to the time of slab installation

Post-slab installation shortenings Shortenings taking place after the time of slab installation

Reinforced Concrete Structure Pre-slab installation shortenings has no importance Compensation by leveling the forms Post-slab installation shortenings due to subsequent loads and creep/shrinkage :Compensation

Steel Structure Columns are fabricated to exact length. Attachments to support the slabs Pre-slab installation shortenings need to be known.

: Design Level : Pre-slab Installation shortening : Post-slab Installation shortening

Compensation for the summation of Pre-installation and Post-installation shortenings

21

ColumnShortening

Compensation at Site

2nd correction 1st correction

1st correction

Column Column

22

ColumnShortening

Contents
I. Introduction in Column Shortening II. Column Shortening of Lotte World Tower III. midas Gen Introduction

23

Lotte World Tower

Overview

24

Lotte World Tower

Overview

Lotte World Tower

Location Height No. of Floors Floor Area Function / Usage Structure Type Lateral load resisting system Foundation Type Construction Period Jamsil, Seoul, South Korea. Roof 554.6 m; Antenna Spire 556 m 123 304,081 m2 Office, Residential, Hotel, Observation Deck (497.6 m) Reinforced Concrete + Steel Core Wall + Outrigger Truss + Belt Truss Mat Foundation March 2011 ~ 2015

25

Lotte World Tower

Overview

Lotte World Tower

Location Height No. of Floors Floor Area Function / Usage Structure Type Lateral load resisting system Foundation Type Construction Period Jamsil, Seoul, South Korea. Roof 554.6 m; Antenna Spire 556 m 123 304,081 m2 Office, Residential, Hotel, Observation Deck (497.6 m) Reinforced Concrete + Steel Core Wall + Outrigger Truss + Belt Truss Mat Foundation March 2011 ~ 2015

26

Lotte World Tower

Pre-Analysis - Deformations
Lantern & Core
Horizontal deformation Vertical deformation
Top of tower Steel Frame: 368.7 mm Core wall: 314.0 mm Top of mega column Mega Col: 297.8 mm Core wall: 232.8 mm

Prediction
OW4 OW3

Y-Dir

OW2

OW1

A BOVE

OW11

OW6

X-Dir

F IRE SHUTTER A BOVE

X dir: 27.2mm Y dir: 115.5mm Safety check Elevators rails Vertical Pipes

OW4

OW7

OW7

OW8

OW9

OW10

Differential settlement
<initial>
MEGA COL. CORE WALL MEGA COL.

OW10

OW12

OW5

OW1

Differential Shortening
Deferential Shortening
Core Shortening Column Shortening

FOUNDATION

<Complete>

MEGA COL. MEGA COL.

CORE WALL

MEGA COL. MEGA COL.

Core wall

Column

CORE WALL FOUNDATION

Deferential shortening btw Core & Column

Core wall settlement: 35mm Column settlement: 16mm
Steel column: Max 55mm Mega column: Max 65mm

27

Lotte World Tower

Pre-Analysis - Stresses
Slabs additional stress Stress in Outrigger

Differential Deformation btw Slab-Column Slab has additional stress

L87~L103
Additional Stress without Delay Joint

Podiums additional stress

connection

1st outrigger (L39~L43): 3,600 tons

Additional stress btw tower & podium Max 100 ton.m Require Settlement Joint & Safety check

L72~L75

2nd outrigger (L72~L75): 4,700 tons required a delay joint installation Additional Stress with Delay Joint 1st outrigger (L39~L43): 1,700 tons 2nd outrigger (L72~L75): 2,000 tons

L39~L43 Tower
Podium

B06~B01 28

Lotte World Tower

Pre-Analysis Compensation
- Core wall: Absolute correction for securing design level - Column: Relative correction for deferential shortening

Lantern

TOP L120 L110 L100 L90 L80

F loor

Core

Column

L106-L123 +1mm Design level+1mm L106~L123 Steel columns L76-L105 L76~L105 Design level+2mm +2mm Steel columns Design level+2mm level+25mm +3mm +25mm Core 2nd O/R Design level+2mm +3mm +30mm Core level+30mm Design level+2mm +3mm +35mm Core level+35mm Design level+2mm +2mm +40mm Core level+40mm Design level+2mm +2mm +45mm Core level+45mm Design level+2mm +2mm +50mm Core level+50mm Design level+3mm +3mm +55mm Core level+55mm Design level+3mm +3mm +60mm Core 1st level+60mm O/R Design level+3mm +3mm +55mm Core level+55mm Design level+3mm +3mm +50mm Core level+50mm
+3mm +50mm Core level+50mm Design level+3mm +3mm +45mm Core level+45mm Design level+3mm +3mm +40mm Core level+40mm Design level+3mm +3mm +35mm Core level+35mm Design level+3mm +3mm +30mm Core level+30mm Design level+3mm +3mm +25mm Core level+25mm Design level+3mm +3mm +20mm Core level+20mm Design level+3mm +3mm +15mm Core level+15mm Design level+3mm +3mm +10mm Core level+10mm Design level+3mm +3mm +5mm Design level+3mm

2nd B/T

L72-L75 L72~L75 L69-L71 L69~L71 L66-L68 L66~L68 L63-L65 L63~L65 L60-L62 L60~L62 L57-L59 L57~L59 L37-L56 L54~L56 L54-L56 L37~L53 L34-L36 L34~L36 L31-L33 L31~L33
L28~L30 L28-L30 L25~L27 L25-L27

2nd O/R 1st B/T

L70 L60 L50

Relative correction between core and column

pre-Analysis Material Test Analysis

Measurement

1st correction

1st O/R

L40

L30

L22~L24 L22-L24 L19~L21 L19-L21

2nd correction

L20 L10

L16~L18 L16-L18 L13~L15 L13-L15 L10~L12 L10-L12 L7~L9 L7-L9

Re-analysis 1~6 times

Additional correction for unconstructed

L01 B06

L4~L6 L4-L6 B6~L3 B6-L3

Core level+5mm

correction due to measurement

29

Lotte World Tower

Vertical Shortening Measurement

: Mega Column : External Core : Internal Core

A BOVE F IRE SHUTTER A BOVE

: B006~L070 : B006~L050 A A

L90 L76 L70 L60 L50

400 gauges (30~60 per floor) Gauges Location in Plan

A-A

<Gauge location in Mega Columns>

L38

: Load cell : Level surveying

L28

: Strain Gauge

L18 L10

L01 B03 B06

Foundation settlement

Gauges Location of settlement

30

Lotte World Tower

Structural Safety Verification Method

Outrigger Structural Safety issues and alternatives proposed
Effect & Safety Measure

Additional stress due to differential shortening between core and column Provide outrigger delay joint
Additional Stress 4700 kN 2nd Outrigger (L72~L75)

Steel Outrigger Delay Joint Steel Outrigger Adjustment Joint

Additional Stress 3600 kN 1st Outrigger (L39~L43)

(Securing safety under construction)

31

Lotte World Tower

Structural Safety Verification Method

Tower Slab Structural Safety issues and alternatives proposed

Effect & Countermeasure due to shortening

Additional stress due to differential shortening between core and column Additional reinforcement details are in each area
Slabs additional stress check

Reinforcement
STORY

26F~35F 2-HD19 2-HD19 2-HD19 1-HD19 3-HD19 2-HD19

Connecting member

Differential Shortening

Column

Core Wall

Additional Force induced by differential shortening

Example of reinforcement due to additional force

32

Lotte World Tower

Structural Safety Verification Method

Lower Levels Structural Safety issues and proposed alternatives
Effect & Countermeasure due to shortening
Phase difference=Diff. shortening + Foundation Dif. settlements - Diff. shortening: difference between columns & podium - Dif. settlements : difference between podium & foundation Additional force due to phase difference Alternative - Structural reinforcement & Control Joint - Settlement Joint

Reinforcement for moment

The Side of Tower

Jack Support

The Side of Podium

Settlement Joint
Control Joint

The Side of Podium

The Side of Tower

BEAM & GIRDER a + b 1/5 to 1/4 t

t
b

Detail of reinforcement

Detail of Control Joint

Moment & Shear force due to phase difference 33

Lotte World Tower

Material Test Results

Material test results for re-analysis

Elastic Modulus

Re-analysis (Material Test) Pre-analysis (Theoretical Eq.) 28 days

Concrete Age (Day)

<Comparison Graph of Elastic Modulus>

Pre-analysis Re-analysis Ultimate Shrinkage Strain ()

Pre-analysis Re-analysis

Design Strength

Specific Creep

Design Strength

<Comparison Graph of Shrinkage>

<Comparison Graph of Specific Creep> 34

Lotte World Tower

Main Analysis & Re-Analysis

Analysis Condition and Assumption Analysis Tool: midas/GEN - 3D Structural Analysis with changes of material properties Material properties - Regression analysis results from the material test data (6 month ) - Comparing to pre-analysis results, 32~33% in creep deformation, 39~42% in shrinkage deformation Outrigger Installation Condition: After completion of frame construction, 1st & 2nd outrigger installation Loading Condition - Dead Load & 2nd Dead Load: 100%, Live Load: 50% Environment: Average relative humidity 61.4% - Relative humidity of average 5 years Target period of shortening - Safety verification: 100years after (ultimate shortening) - Service verification: 3years after (95% of ultimate shortening) Foundation modeling: Apply spring stiffness obtained from settlement analysis model results (Arup, DD100 Foundation Geotechnical Design Report)
Apply soil stiffness from foundation/ground analysis results

35

Lotte World Tower

Re-analysis Results
Shortening Results 1-1. Mega Column Shortening (B06~L75) Target Period: 3years - 3 years was determined as the optimal time of target serviceability application. settlement shortening - Mega column: 21.2~25.5mm (B6) - Core wall: 23.6~29.1mm (B6)
MC2 137.2(L69)

MC8 135.6(L69) PW1 79.3(L71) PW2 79.1(L71)

MC1 137.1(L65) PW3 85.9(L71)

Wall MAX
PW4 85.6(L71)

Col. MIN

PW15 79.6(L71)

PW14 77.4(L71)

IW1 75.5(L71)

IW2 83.0(L71)

PW13 79.5(L71)

IW3 77.9(L71)

IW4 77.5(L71)

PW6 77.4(L71)

PW5 83.4(L71)

MC7 131.4(L69)

Col. MAX

Maximum shortening of mega column - SubTo: 131.4~137.2mm (L65, L69) (80~83% of pre-analysis) - Total: 289.1~297.8mm (L76) (71~73 % of pre-analysis) Shortening of core walls - SubTo: 74.1~85.9mm (L71) (77~78% of pre-analysis) - Total: 153.0~169.8mm (L76) (67~70% of pre-analysis) Differential shortening between column-core - 53.1~60.9mm (L65)

PW12 77.1(L71)

MC6 132.2(L69)

PW7 75.1(L71)

PW11 76.8(L71)

PW10 75.0(L71)

PW9 74.1(L71)

PW8 75.3(L71)

MC3 135.6(L69)

Wall MIN

MC5 131.6(L69)

MC4 133.3(L69)

36

Lotte World Tower

Re-analysis Results
Shortening Results 1-2. Steel Column Shortening(L76~L106)
SC6 115.1(L76) SC5 129.6(L76) SC4 132.6(L76) SC3 121.0(L76) Wall MAX PW2 73.9(L76) PW3 81.1(L76) SC2 136.9(L76) Col. MAX

SC7-1 128.8(L76)

SC8-1 130.0(L76)

SC7 128.6(L76) PW1 73.9(L76)

PW15 74.4(L76)

SC8 129.4(L76) Col. MIN SC9 110.4(L76)

PW4 80.9(L76)

Target Period: 3years - 3 years was determined as the optimal time of target serviceability application. Maximum shortening of steel column - SubTo: 110.4~136.9mm (L76) (80% of pre-analysis) - Total: 260.7~286.1mm (L76) (80% of pre-analysis) Shortening of core walls - SubTo: 67.8~81.0mm (L76) (65~70% of pre-analysis) - Total: 162.9~213.6mm (L76) (67~70% of pre-analysis) Differential shortening between Column-core - 40.1~44.5mm (L76)
37

SC1 121.2(L76)

PW14 71.6(L76)

IW1 71.2(L76)

IW2 78.5(L76)

PW5 78.3(L76)

SC22 133.1(L76)

PW6 72.0(L76)

SC10 124.0(L76)

PW13 74.4(L76)

IW3 73.7(L76)

IW4 72.3(L76)

SC21 130.1(L76)

PW12 71.5(L76)

PW7 69.3(L76)

SC11 126.5(L76)

SC20 115.2(L76) SC19 131.9(L76)

SC12 115.0(L76)

PW11 71.1(L76)

PW10 68.9(L76)

PW9 67.8(L76) Wall MIN SC16 124.8(L76)

PW8 69.4(L76)

SC18 128.0(L76)

SC19-1 130.4(L76)

SC13 130.0(L76)

SC14 114.9(L76) SC15 126.8(L76)

SC17 111.9(L76)

SC18-1 126.5(L76)

Lotte World Tower

L
nd

Re-analysis Results
Compensation due to core and column differential shortening

Lantern

TOP L120 L110 L100 L90 L80

- Core wall: Absolute compensation up to design level - Column: Absolute + Relative compensation due to differential shortening
+25mm +30mm +35mm +40mm +40mm +40mm +45mm +45mm +45mm +50mm +50mm +55mm +55mm +55mm +50mm +50mm +50mm +45mm +45mm +40mm +35mm +35mm +35mm +30mm +30mm +25mm +25mm +20mm +20mm +25mm +30mm +35mm +40mm +45mm +50mm +55mm +60mm +65mm +70mm +75mm +80mm +105mm +100mm +95mm +90mm +85mm +80mm +75mm +70mm +65mm +60mm +55mm +50mm +45mm +40mm +35mm +25mm +20mm L120 ~ L123 L113 ~ L119 L107 ~ L112 L103 ~ L106 L100 ~ L102 L99 ~ L99 L96 ~ L98 L91 ~ L95 L90 ~ L90 L88 ~ L89 L81 ~ L87 L77 ~ L80 L56 ~ L76 L52 ~ L55 L45 ~ L51 L37 ~ L44 L33 ~ L36 L30 ~ L32 L28 ~ L29 L23 ~ L27 L22 ~ L22 L19 ~ L21 L18 ~ L18 L14 ~ L17 L13 ~ L13 L10 ~ L12 L8 ~ L9

2 B/T

2 O/R 1 st B/T

nd

L70 L60 L50

Relative correction between core and column

pre-Analysis Material Test Analysis

Measurement

1st correction

1 st O/R

L40

L30 L20 L10

2nd correction

Re-analysis 1~6 times

Additional correction for unconstructed

L01 B06

L6 ~ L7 L5 ~ L5 B6 ~ L4

correction due to measurement

38

Lotte World Tower

Contents
I. Introduction in Column Shortening II. Column Shortening of Lotte World Tower III. midas Gen Introduction

39

m BIM (Building Information Modeling)

midas Gen Introduction

Tekla Structure

Revit Structure

Analysis & Design

Analysis & Design midas Gen

midas Gen

[Tekla interface]

[Revit interface]

STAAD Import/Export SAP2000 Import AutoCAD DFX Import/Export IFC Export MSC.Nastran Import Drawing Module (midas Gen) Export Unit Member Design Module (Design+) Export
[MCAD 3D midas CAD]

40

Material Data
Material Data Definition
Database Code Name BS British Standards ASTM American Society for Testing Materials EN European Code DIN Deutshes Institut Fur Normung e.v CSA Canadian Standards Association IS Indian Standards JIS Japanese Industrial Standards KS Korean Industrial Standards GB Chinese National Standard JGJ Chinese Engineering Standard JTJ Chinese Transportation Department Standard *SRC and User Defined material properties can be defined
[Steel & Concrete Material Database]

midas Gen Introduction

Creep/Shrinkage - Eurocode, ACI, CEB-FIP, PCA Comp. Strength - Eurocode, ACI, CEB-FIP, Ohzagi

[Time Dependent Materials]

41

Section Data
Section Data Definition
Section Database AISC2K(US), AISC2K(SI), AISC, CISC02(US), CISC02(SI), BS, DIN Import data file already defined Input dimensions of typical sections Typical steel section (I, T, Channel, Angle, Pipe) Steel Concrete composite section (SRC) Tapered section Section Property Calculator tool
[Section Database]

midas Gen Introduction

[Arbitrary Section Definition]

42

m Loads
midas Gen Introduction

Applicable Loading Types

Self Weight Nodal Load Prescribed Displacement Elements Beam Load Line Beam Load Floor Load Prestress Beam Load Pretension Load Tendon Prestress Load Hydrostatic Pressure Load

midas Gen enables us to specify all types of nodal, element, point, surface, dynamic, prestressing and thermal loads encountered in practice. Load combination based on the various design codes Load group generation of load case from load combinations

Temperature load Pressure Load

Static Wind Load Static Seismic Load Construction Stage Load Initial Forces Time History Load Moving Load Pushover Loads Response Spectrum Function Ground Acceleration Dynamic Nodal Loads

[Time History Load]

[Floor Load]

[Wind and Seismic Load Generation]

43

m Boundary Conditions
midas Gen Introduction

Applicable Boundary Conditions

[Rigid Link] [General Spring Supports]

[Floor Diaphragm]

Supports Point Spring Supports General Spring Supports Surface Spring Supports Pile Spring Supports

Elastic Link Nodal Coordinate System Beam End Release (Semi-rigid connection) Beam End Offset Release

Linear Constraints

Rigid Link Diaphragm Disconnection Panel Zone Effects

Plate End

44

m Analysis
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Applicable Analysis Types

[Construction Stage Analysis]

[Dynamic Boundary Nonlinear]

[Post-tensioning girder analysis]

[Pushover analysis]

Static Analysis Dynamic Analysis Free Vibration Analysis Response Spectrum Analysis Time History Analysis Geometric Nonlinear Analysis P-Delta Analysis Large Displacement Analysis Material Nonlinear Analysis Structural Masonry Analysis Linear Buckling Analysis Lateral Torsional Buckling Heat Transfer Analysis Time Transient Analysis Heat of Hydration Analysis Thermo-elastic Analysis Maturity, Creep, Shrinkage, Pipe Cooling Construction Stage Analysis Time Dependent Material Column Shortening Analysis (Elastic/Inelastic) Pushover Analysis FEMA, Eurocode, Multi-linear hinge properties RC, Steel, SRC, Masonry material types Boundary Nonlinear Time History Analysis Damper, Isolator, Gap, Hook Inelastic Time History Analysis Other Analysis Unknown Forces by Optimization Moving load analysis Settlement analysis 45

m Results
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Displacement Contour

Von Mises Stresses Contour

Solid Stresses (Iso-Surface)

Stress Results (Diagrams & Graphics

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Story related tables & Define modules

Define modules for a twin tower to check following results: Story Drift Story Displacement Story Mode Shape Torsional Amplification Factor Overturning Moment Story Axial Force Sum Stability Coefficient Torsional Irregularity Check Stiffness Irregularity Check (Soft Story) Weight Irregularity Check Capacity Irregularity Check (Weak Story)

Module 2 Module 1

Module 3 47

m Results
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Dynamic Report Generation

Drag & Drop

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m Design
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Applicable Design Code

RC Design Steel Design SRC Design

ACI318 Eurocode 2, Eurocode 8 BS8110 IS:456 & IS:13920 CSA-A23.3 GB50010 AIJ-WSD TWN-USD AIK-USD, WSD KSCE-USD KCI-USD Slab Design Eurocode 2 ACI 318

AISC-LRFD AISC-ASD AISI-CFSD Eurocode 3 BS5950 IS:800 (1984 & 2007) CSA-S16-01 GBJ17, GB50017 AIJ-ASD TWN-ASD, LSD AIK-ASD, LSD, CFSD KSCE-ASD KSSC-ASD

SSRC79 JGJ138 CECS28 AIJ-SRC TWN-SRC AIK-SRC KSSC-CFT Footing Design ACI318 BS8110

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Eurocode Implementation Status

Concrete Material DB Eurocode 2:2004 Eurocode 3:2005 UNI, BS, DIN Eurocode 1:2005 Eurocode 8:2004 Eurocode 8:2004 OPCM3431 Eurocode 8:2004 Eurocode 8:2004 Eurocode 0:2002 Eurocode 2:2004 Eurocode 8:2004 NTC 2008 Eurocode 3:2005 Eurocode 2:2004

Material DB
Steel Material DB

Section DB

Steel Section DB Static Wind load

Load

Static Seismic Load Response Spectrum Function Masonry Pushover

Pushover Analysis

RC Pushover Steel Pushover Load Combination Concrete Frame Design (ULS & SLS)

Design

Concrete Capacity Design Steel Frame Design (ULS & SLS) Slab/Wall Design (ULS & SLS)

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Meshed slab and wall design

Slab and wall design for meshed plate elements as per Eurocode2-1-1:2004, ACI318-11 Slab design for non-orthogonal reinforcement directions based on the Wood-Armer formula Smooth moment and shear forces Automatic generation of Static wind and seismic loads for flexible floors Detailing for local ductility

Slab flexural design

Slab serviceability checking

Punching shear check result

Wall design

Define reinforcement direction

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m Useful Features for Construction Stage Analysis

midas Gen Introduction

Construction Stage Wizard for Building Structure

The wizard readily allows us to define the timing of elements created and loadings applied in the construction stages during the erection of a building. You may find it more convenient to first click the [Automatic Generation] button to define the basic construction stages and modify them as necessary.

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m Useful Features for Construction Stage Analysis

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Construction Stage Analysis for Composite Members

Define an analytical model for each construction stage by assigning activated or inactivated se ctions corresponding to each construction stage of a composite section. By using Composite Section for Construction Stage, we can consider the construction sequence with creep and shrinkage effect.

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m Useful Features for Construction Stage Analysis

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Material Stiffness Changes for Cracked Sections

Specific stiffness of specific member types may be reduced such as the case where the flexural stiffness of lintel beams and walls may require reduction to reflect cracked sections of concrete. Section stiffness scale factors can be included in boundary groups for construction stage analysis. The scale factors are also applied to composite sections for construction stages

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m Useful Features for Construction Stage Analysis

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Spring Supports For Soil Interaction

Point Spring Support (Linear, Comp.-only, Tens.-only, and Multi-linear type) Surface Spring Support (Nodal Spring, and Distributed Spring) Springs can be activated / deactivated during construction stage analysis.

[Nonlinear point spring support]

[Pile Spring Support]

[Surface Spring Support]

[Nodal Spring and Distributed Spring]

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m Useful Features for Construction Stage Analysis

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Tendon Loss

Pre-stress load can be considered in construction stage analysis. Tendon primary / secondary forces are provided with pre-stress loss graph

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m Project Applications
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Burj Khalifa (Dubai, UAE)

CS:1

CS:30

Height No. of floors Location Function / Usage Designer Architect General Contractor

705 m 160 Dubai, United Arab Emirates Office Building & Residential Building Adrian D. Smith Skidmore, Owings & Merrill Samsung Development 57

overview

m Project Applications
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SK S-Trenue (Seoul, Korea)

Area No. of floors Location Function / Usage Structure Type Foundation Type Lateral load resisting system

39,600 m2 36 Seoul, Korea Office Building Composite Structure Mat Foundation RC Core + Steel + RC Composite Frame 58

overview

m Project Applications
midas Gen Introduction

Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower (Hanoi, Vietnam)

Height No. of floors Location Function / Usage Structure Type Architect Contractor

345m 70 fl., 49 fl. Hanoi, Vietnam Hotel, Office, and Residential building Reinforced Concrete Structure Heerim, Samoo, Aum & Lee, Hellmuth Obata + Kassabaum Keangnam 59

overview

m Project Applications
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ColumnShortening

One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

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