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    Our Little Finnish Cousin
    Our Little Finnish Cousin
    Our Little Finnish Cousin
    Ebook130 pages1 hour

    Our Little Finnish Cousin

    By Harriet O'Brien and Clara Vostrovsky Winlow

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    Read preview
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherArchive Classics
    Release dateNov 25, 2013
    Our Little Finnish Cousin

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      Book preview

      Our Little Finnish Cousin - Harriet O'Brien

      Project Gutenberg's Our Little Finnish Cousin, by Clara Vostrovsky Winlow

      This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with

      almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or

      re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included

      with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org

      Title: Our Little Finnish Cousin

      Author: Clara Vostrovsky Winlow

      Illustrator: Harriet O'Brien

      Release Date: August 9, 2013 [EBook #43426]

      Language: English

      *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OUR LITTLE FINNISH COUSIN ***

      Produced by Emmy, Beth Baran and the Online Distributed

      Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net

      Our Little Finnish Cousin

      THE LITTLE COUSIN SERIES

      (TRADE MARK)

      Cloth decorative, 12mo, illustrated, each         $1.10

      By Laura E. Richards, Anna C. Winlow, Etc.

      THE LITTLE COUSINS OF LONG AGO

      L. C. PAGE & COMPANY (Inc.)

      53 Beacon Street               Boston, Mass.

      THE REINDEER SUDDENLY SWERVED IN SUCH A WAY THAT JUHANI WAS PITCHED OUT. (See page 40)

      Copyright, 1918

      By The Page Company

      All rights reserved

      First Impression, April, 1918

      Second Impression, July, 1919

      Third Impression, January, 1930

      PREFACE

      Finland is one of the little countries in whose struggles for greater freedom the world is interested to-day. It is situated on the northeast shore of the Baltic Sea, and is bounded by Russia, Norway and Sweden, the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland. A maze of rocks and small, pine-covered islands form a ring around the coast. The art of navigating between these requires much skill and long apprenticeship, so that it is no wonder that Finland, among other things, is noted for her pilots.

      Forest, rock, and water is the way in which one writer describes Finland. This little country, known all over the world for its progressive ideas, is thinly inhabited, having only one city, the capital Helsingfors, of any size. Over eighty-six per cent. of the people are Finnish, twelve per cent. Swedish, and the rest Russians, Germans, and Lapps.

      Little is known of Finnish history before the twelfth century, when King Eric of Sweden invaded the land to Christianize the inhabitants. Swedish settlements followed and Finland became a province of Sweden. It remained that for six hundred years, during which time there were constant conflicts between the Russians and Swedes for the possession of Finnish ports.

      While Sweden was engaged with Napoleon, the Finns, tired of the ceaseless disorder, agreed to union with Russia on condition that they be assured a certain independence. This was conceded, Alexander I, then Tzar of Russia, taking oath as Grand Duke of Finland and promising to observe the religion of the country and all the privileges and rights which it had so far enjoyed. This oath was kept more scrupulously than by the last two Swedish monarchs, and cordial relations were established between Russia and Finland. The Finnish people began to take a more prominent part in their own affairs, for up to that time the Swedes had had the upper hand everywhere. Alexander boasted with some truth that he had created a nation.

      In 1863 Tzar Alexander II gave a Representative Constitution to Finland.

      In 1899, the present deposed Russian ruler, Nicholas II, was ill-advised enough to issue a manifesto suspending the Finnish Constitution. Unheeded protests followed, and up to 1904 there is an unenviable record of oppression and suppression on the part of Russia.

      In November, 1906, however, the Tzar was compelled to make the concessions that the nation demanded.

      During the present world conflict the Finns have proclaimed in their Parliament their right to absolute independence, and their claim is sanctioned by the greatest of the European nations, which recognize the Republic of Finland.

      C. V. W.

      CONTENTS

      List of Illustrations

      Our Little Finnish Cousin

      CHAPTER I

      A FARM HOME

      It was early autumn in the Finland forest by the lake. Gold glistened from the underbrush, from the great beds of bracken, from the shining birches, from the paler aspens, and even from

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