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The Battle of Cardigan / Crug Mawr (1136)
By Oliver Hayes
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About this ebook
The sweeping victory of the Welsh at Cardigan (Crug Mawr) was historic. It not only put the victor, Owain Gwynedd in a position to rule Wales free of English domination, it also marked the arrival on the battlefields of Europe of a new, deadly and uniquely Welsh weapon. The longbow had arrived.
A Welsh revolt against Norman rule had begun in south Wales, where on 1 January 1136 the Welsh won a victory over the local Norman forces at the Battle of Llwchwr between Loughor and Swansea. This led to an invasion by the forces of Gwynedd, led by Owain Gwynedd and Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd, sons of the king of Gwynedd, Gruffydd ap Cynan. They captured a number of castles in northern Ceredigion and made an alliance with Gruffydd ap Rhys of Deheubarth. The combined forces headed for Cardigan. There they met the combined forces of all the Normans in South Wales.
Fought just east of the town of Ceredigion (Cardigan) on the slopes of the Crug Mawr hill this battle was hard fought and decisive.
This book explains the background to the battle, looks at the forces involved and follows the course of the fighting.
Contents
Chapter 1 - The Outbreak of War
Chapter 2 - The Armies
Chapter 3 - The Battle
About the Author
Rupert Matthews has written over 150 books for different publishers, achieving significant sales in a variety of markets both in the UK and abroad. His works have been translated into 19 languages and have been shortlisted for a number of awards. Rupert has been a freelance writer for 20 years, working in-house at a major book publisher before going freelance.
Author
Oliver Hayes
Oliver Hayes studied the Dark Ages and early Medieval periods. He has since earned a living in publishing and is now writing freelance to bring some of his research to press in an entertaining and user-friendly format.
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Book preview
The Battle of Cardigan / Crug Mawr (1136) - Oliver Hayes
Bretwalda Battles
The Anglo-Welsh Wars
Cardigan / Crug Mawr 1136
by Rupert Matthews
*****************
Published by Bretwalda Books at Smashwords
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This ebook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This ebook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each person. If you're reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please purchase your own copy. Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.
First Published 2012
Copyright © Bretwalda Books 2012
Rupert Matthews asserts his moral rights to be regarded as the author of this work.
ISBN 978-1-909099-27-2
*****************
Contents
Chapter 1 - The Outbreak of War
Chapter 2 - The Armies
Chapter 3 - The Battle
************
Chapter 1
The Outbreak of War
The sweeping victory of the Welsh at Cardigan (Crug Mawr) was historic. It not only put the victor, Owain Gwynedd in a position to rule Wales free of English domination, it also marked the arrival on the battlefields of Europe of a new, deadly and uniquely Welsh weapon. The longbow had arrived.
The events
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