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    Unwarranted Expulsion: The Removal of the Winnebago Indians
    Unwarranted Expulsion: The Removal of the Winnebago Indians
    Unwarranted Expulsion: The Removal of the Winnebago Indians
    Ebook31 pages24 minutes

    Unwarranted Expulsion: The Removal of the Winnebago Indians

    By Colin Mustful

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    In February of 1863 the Winnebago Indians of southern Minnesota were exiled from beyond the state of Minnesota forever. This act of law came in the aftermath of the U.S. – Dakota Conflict of 1862. Prior to the conflict, the Winnebago Indians had been promised a permanent home. They lived peaceably and had made marked improvements upon the land as documented by Indian Agents. Despite clear evidence that the Winnebago Indians took no part in the Conflict of 1862, public sentiment exceedingly favored removal. Ultimately, the U.S. – Dakota Conflict of 1862 acted as the necessary catalyst for the people of southern Minnesota to influence legislation and provoke the unwarranted expulsion of the Winnebago Indians.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherColin Mustful
    Release dateApr 8, 2014
    ISBN9781310066016
    Unwarranted Expulsion: The Removal of the Winnebago Indians
    Author

    Colin Mustful

    Colin Mustful is an independent historian, author, and publisher. His work, which includes five historical novels, focuses on the tumultuous and complicated periods of settler-colonialism and Native displacement in American history. He has a Master of Arts degree in history and a Master of Fine Arts degree in creative writing. He is the founder and editor of History Through Fiction, an independent press that publishes compelling historical novels that are based on real events and people. As a traditional publisher, he works with authors who want to share important historical stories with the world. Mustful is an avid runner and soccer player who lives in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He believes that learning history is vital to understanding our world today and finding just, long-lasting solutions for the future.

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      Book preview

      Unwarranted Expulsion - Colin Mustful

      Unwarranted Expulsion: The Removal of the Winnebago Indians

      Colin Mustful

      Published by Colin Mustful at Smashwords

      Copyright 2014 Colin Mustful

      Table of Contents

      Essay

      Appendix

      Bibliography

      End Notes

      Abstract

      In February of 1863 the Winnebago Indians of southern Minnesota were exiled from beyond the state of Minnesota forever. This act of law came in the aftermath of the U.S. – Dakota Conflict of 1862. Prior to the conflict, the Winnebago Indians had been promised a permanent home. They lived peaceably and had made marked improvements upon the land as documented by Indian Agents. Despite clear evidence that the Winnebago Indians took no part in the Conflict of 1862, public sentiment exceedingly favored removal. Ultimately, the U.S. – Dakota Conflict of 1862 acted as the necessary catalyst for the people of southern Minnesota to influence legislation and provoke the unwarranted expulsion of the Winnebago Indians.

      Essay - Unwarranted Expulsion

      On December 26, 1862, thirty-eight Dakota Indians were hanged in Mankato, Minnesota, as a result of their involvement in U.S. – Dakota Conflict of 1862. Shortly following the hangings, in May, 1863, the entire tribe of Dakota Indians had been permanently expelled from the state of Minnesota.¹ The Dakota, however, were not the only tribe of Indians expelled from Minnesota at that time. Additionally, the Winnebago tribe of Indians was permanently forced beyond the borders of the state of Minnesota.² In the same way as the Dakota, 1,945 Winnebago were cramped onto steamboats, sent south down the Mississippi, and then north on the Missouri to their final destination at Crow Creek, South Dakota.³

      To the dismay of the Winnebago, their new reservation was a deplorable and nearly uninhabitable plot of land. Crow Creek was a dry, dirty country with virtually no arable soil.⁴ The Winnebago loathed their new location and refused to accept it as their new home.⁵ In just four months after the arrival of the Dakota and Winnebago one hundred thirty seven Indians perished.⁶

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