University of Northern Colorado
By Mark Anderson and Jay Trask
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University of Northern Colorado - Mark Anderson
Department.
INTRODUCTION
It was almost inevitable that the small western farming community that evolved from Nathan Meeker’s original Union Colony would one day host one of the country’s premier teacher training colleges. Attracting an institution of higher learning had been part of Meeker’s design. The Union Colonists who had settled at the confluence of the Platte and Cache la Poudre Rivers in 1870 were better educated than average frontier town residents. Greeley’s businessmen understood that quality schools under the guidance of well-trained teachers constituted a fundamentally refining influence that would distinguish Greeley from Colorado’s rough mining towns and military camps, would attract new settlers, and most important, new commerce.
Greeley’s first two attempts to sponsor higher education in the community had failed. In 1874, Meeker, while editor of the Greeley Tribune had initiated an unsuccessful campaign to persuade Greeley businesses to raise sufficient money to wrestle the Colorado State University from Boulder. In the same year, Greeley citizens had bid for the right to host the land grant college to be established under the Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862 but lost out in that attempt to Larimer County.
Greeley’s turn finally came in 1889, ten years after Meeker’s death, when Greeley’s Sen. James McCreery steered a bill through the state legislature that would establish the state normal school at Greeley and contribute $10,000 of state funds toward the construction of a suitable building, provided the citizens of Greeley would donate the necessary land and $15,000. Greeley did its part, and when the state legislature reneged on its share of the building fund, the citizens of Greeley took up another collection and came up with the additional $10,000 as well.
In 1890, normal schools did not carry the same academic prestige that a state university or an agricultural college did. Nevertheless preparing elementary school teachers for public schools was an essential process in a democratic society. Ultimately one might argue that for politically progressive but religiously conservative Greeley, a teachers college was a more natural fit.
In its first hundred years, University of Northern Colorado has been extremely fortunate in the administrative skill, energy, and vision of its early presidents. Dr. Z. X. Snyder, our second president, was one such visionary. His ideas shaped everything that the school was to become. President Snyder was a trained biologist, and for him, the principles of science were always relevant. A disciple of John Dewey, President Snyder advanced the idea of child-centered education,
instruction that nurtured a student not only intellectually but morally and physically as well. President Snyder believed in hands on education with plenty of time for out-of-classroom nature excursions, laboratories, field trips, and other opportunities to put memorized principles and concepts to practical application. The system was based on the German model for teacher education. In 1890, Germany was the not only the source of innovations in science and technology but of teacher training as well. Dr. Snyder admired the German system in which higher education was widely available regardless of an applicant’s wealth or social status. German education was government financed and free of religious sectarian bias.
Dr. Snyder’s other major influence was John Dewey, the famous American philosopher and psychologist, whose ideas inspired a number of movements in the fields of social and educational reform. Prior to Dewey and his disciples, the standard classroom scenario consisted of a teacher delivering lectures to students who listened attentively, supplemented by readings from a text. Students demonstrated what they had been able to memorize by reciting lessons and taking tests.
Dewey and the other progressives knew that an intellectual grasp of facts and concepts was not enough. Lessons were soon forgotten unless the curriculum included generous amounts of hands-on learning activities. The laws of science and nature needed to be supplemented by laboratory experiments and field trips. In the arts, creativity was encouraged, because abstract aesthetic concepts are meaningless unless a child has the opportunity to apply them in a variety of media.
Dewey and his disciples believed that effective education is holistic in its scope and that no student activity was outside the teacher’s sphere of influence. Sports and physical play were encouraged, not only because they contributed to a healthy constitution but also because these activities developed moral character by giving the child the opportunity to apply the rules of sportsmanship and fair play.
The normal school that evolved from Dr. Snyder’s vision was committed to graduating professional teachers who were skilled in the techniques of progressive education and who would effectively prepare their students for the roles they would eventually assume as participants in a modern industrial economy and a democratic society.
One of Snyder’s first appointments as principal of the training school was Dr. John