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    Wheeling
    Wheeling
    Wheeling
    Ebook144 pages39 minutes

    Wheeling

    By Sean Patrick Duffy and Paul Rinkes

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    About this ebook

    The convergence of the Ohio River, the National Road, a remarkable bridge, and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad transformed Wheeling into a transportation hub. Fed by an influx of immigrant labor, the city prospered, adding industrial muscle. But global economic changes brought the machine to a sudden halt. In Then & Now: Wheeling author Se n Duffy and photographer Paul Rinkes explore a city still recovering from that trauma, a city with a proud past and an uncertain but hopeful future.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherArcadia Publishing
    Release dateAug 23, 2010
    ISBN9781439641330
    Wheeling
    Author

    Sean Patrick Duffy

    In Then & Now: Wheeling author Sean Duffy and photographer Paul Rinkes explore a city still recovering from that trauma, a city with a proud past and an uncertain but hopeful future.

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      Book preview

      Wheeling - Sean Patrick Duffy

      Rinkes.

      INTRODUCTION

      According to archeologist Delf Norona, Wheeling, Virginia, took its name from the Delaware Indians, who called it Wilunk or Wiilin, meaning Place of the Head, referencing the scalping and decapitation of a luckless white trespasser and the impaling of his head on a pole at the mouth of the creek.

      Despite the rather unwelcoming origin of its name, Wheeling calls itself the Friendly City and has been known as a Gateway to the West since the convergence of the Ohio River, the National Road, and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad made it a transportation hub, with the suspension bridge providing access to Ohio and points west.

      Wheeling was founded in the late 18th century by Ebenezer Zane, and its frontier legends are plentiful. Fort Henry saw some of the last action of the American Revolution, when Zane’s sister Betty made a courageous dash for gunpowder to allow those in the fort to hold out against a siege by British Rangers and their Native American allies. Maj. Samuel McColloch made a daring leap on horseback from the peak of Wheeling Hill to escape hostile natives. And then there is Lewis Wetzel, the ruthless Deathwind, who waged a lifelong campaign of vengeance against Native Americans.

      During the Civil War, Wheeling played host to a series of Unionist conventions that eventually resulted in the birth of the new state of West Virginia, with Wheeling serving for a time as the capital.

      Unfortunately, Wheeling’s exciting frontier history (as well as much of its Civil War–era history) predated the photographic record, the best of which preserves images of the town during its industrial heyday. Wheeling’s transportation advantages, combined with rich supplies of natural resources like coal and iron ore, attracted heavy industry and the vices that accompany it. From the mid-19th through the mid-20th centuries, Wheeling forged iron, steel, nails, wire, glass, tile, and pottery, while entrepreneurs kept working men happy with ample supplies of beer, cigars, and numerous other distractions. The prevalence of industry and vice rendered old Wheeling a grimy, sooty, smelly place—conditions often tangible in the photographs from the period.

      The abundance of industrial jobs attracted both African American migrants from the post–Civil War South and emigrants from Germany and Ireland, and later Eastern Europe, Italy, and Lebanon, among other places. The contributions of these migrants and immigrants permanently changed the face of Wheeling, and those changes are also often tangible in the photographs contained in this volume.

      A popular destination for German immigrants throughout the 19th century, Wheeling was home to 11 German singing societies. The city played host to three regional Saengerfests (gala gatherings of such singing societies) in 1860, 1885, and 1906. Wheeling businessman Louis F. Stifel was president of the August 1906 festival, which was hosted by the Arion, Beethoven, and Mozart singing societies. The performances, primarily staged at the Court Theatre, drew more than 4,000 visitors to Wheeling, inspiring the Intelligencer to proclaim Saengerfest the greatest musical event in the history of Wheeling. Research indicates that a member of the Stifel family photographed the parade that concluded the 1906 Saengerfest, and a series of those rare, previously unpublished photographs are included in this book through the generosity of Dr. Dennis Niess.

      In addition to the rare Saengerfest photographs, the book contains several other previously unpublished looks at historic Wheeling, in addition to numerous familiar images.

      Rather than divide the book by subject or function, such as schools, businesses, parks, and so on, as is typically done, this book has been formatted in geographical sequence and includes directions to each site along the way. This will enable readers to follow the trail and visit and read about each Then & Now site. It is, in essence, a photographic tour of historic Wheeling from Oglebay Park through Warwood; North Wheeling; Downtown; East, Center, and South Wheeling; and east on National Road through Woodsdale, Pleasant Valley, Elm Grove, and

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