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    Jackson
    Jackson
    Jackson
    Ebook191 pages28 minutes

    Jackson

    By Julie L. Kimbrough

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    About this ebook

    Jackson celebrates the history of Mississippi's capital city with more than 200 photographs from the Mississippi Department of Archives and History, the National Archives, and university collections. From its start as a settlement on LeFleur's Bluff overlooking the Pearl River to its present-day position as one of the leading cities of the New South, Jackson's history is one of change, colorful characters, and a uniquely Southern atmosphere. Beginning with a tour of one of the city's oldest and best-known streets, Jackson features the work of outstanding local photographers and combines detailed historical narratives with entertaining stories about ordinary Jacksonians. From the club president who saved a magnolia tree by staging a protest in its branches to the photographer who opened his first studio in a tent, this compelling visual history revisits familiar landmarks and people from Jackson's past.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherArcadia Publishing
    Release dateSep 18, 2012
    ISBN9781439617434
    Jackson
    Author

    Julie L. Kimbrough

    In Jackson, author Julie L. Kimbrough has compiled a fascinating look at the city that is the political and economic center of Mississippi. Memorable photographs offer a glimpse of life in Jackson from 1870 to 1950—a time of extraordinary growth, hardship, and change.

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      Book preview

      Jackson - Julie L. Kimbrough

      Broome.

      INTRODUCTION

      I believe the Jackson of my day was really scaled for children. And then, in its very confinement to small and intimate size, it suggested the largeness of the surrounding world—you could see Jackson end and the country begin.

      —Eudora Welty, Jackson: a Neighborhood, Jackson Landmarks, 1982.

      From its beginnings as a tiny frontier village perched on LeFleur’s Bluff overlooking the Pearl River, Jackson struggled to find an identity. In 1817 Mississippi became the 20th state in the Union. Four years later, the governor and state legislature surveyed the area around LeFleur’s Bluff and planned for a permanent capital city. Chosen as the capital site due to its central location in the state and its proximity to a navigable river, the town still failed to flourish during its early years. Approximately a dozen families lived in this small village in the middle of the wilderness. Many state officials preferred the first state capital, Natchez; other towns, including Vicksburg and Clinton, continued to compete for the right to serve as Mississippi’s capital.

      Peter A. VanDorn based his 1822 manuscript map of Jackson on a checkerboard plan suggested by Thomas Jefferson. The map included alternate squares for parks and greens for public buildings. The first statehouse, a 30-by-40-foot brick building built in 1822, occupied the corner of Capitol and President Streets. Andrew Jackson spoke in this building during his first presidential campaign; he returned to Jackson in 1840 and spoke from the portico of the Old Capitol. President Jackson was a hero to the citizens of Jackson; he and Thomas Hinds had negotiated the Treaty of Doak’s Stand in 1820. Under the treaty, the Choctaw Indians sold 5 million acres of land in central and west Mississippi, thus making it possible for settlers to move into the area where the new capital city would be located.

      During the 1830s the town’s luck began to change. New treaties with Native Americans in north Mississippi helped to solidify Jackson’s place as a centrally located capital. Mississippi’s second capitol building, which opened in time for the 1839 legislative session, symbolized the town’s new direction. The Governor’s Mansion and Jackson’s City Hall were completed during the 1840s. Churches also added stability and reflected efforts to turn a rowdy frontier town into a proper capital. The first six churches in Jackson were organized in the 1830s and 1840s after the legislature set aside a square from the city’s original map. Jackson’s earliest churches were First Methodist, First Presbyterian, St. Andrews Episcopal, First Baptist, St. Peters Catholic, and First Christian. The chapter entitled Houses of Worship documents a small part of the history of the town’s first churches. Unfortunately, photographs of other important 19th-century churches were impossible to obtain.

      Pictured above is an 1822 VanDorn map. (Mississippi Department of Archives and History.)

      Before the Civil War erupted in 1861, Jackson had experienced slow growth as a town in the middle of an agricultural state. Its capacity as the seat of state government was by far its most important role. During the Civil War, Jackson served as a military headquarters and supply center. Union troops occupied Jackson four times, burning war-related businesses, railroads, and other parts of the town. The three most important public buildings in Jackson, the Old Capitol, the Governor’s Mansion, and City Hall, survived the Civil War.

      At the turn of the century, new railroad lines led to large population gains and steps toward economic growth. Between 1900 and 1910, Jackson’s population rose from 7,800 to over 21,000. During the first two decades of the 20th century, Jackson began the transformation from small town to urban center. For the People highlights the development of Jackson’s public buildings. The 1930s and 1940s were pivotal decades in the city’s growth. Jackson’s response to the Great Depression and World War II proves the courage of its citizens during hard times. One of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal programs, the Works Progress Administration (WPA), employed almost 40,000 Mississippians. The WPA became the largest and most popular of the alphabet agencies of the New Deal; it operated from 1935 to 1943.

      Today, the metropolitan Jackson area has a population of over 400,000. In spite of its present size, Jackson has retained many of the characteristics of a small town. The first chapter of this book, Capitol Street, allows the reader to experience the town at street level. Although sections of Capitol Street have declined in the last 30 years, preservation efforts have begun recently. Hopefully, these projects will revive this remarkable piece of the city’s history.

      Ultimately, this photographic record of Jackson would not exist without the efforts of preservationists, archivists, and historians. Behind the Camera features four of the remarkable local photographers who documented the history of the city. Most of the photographs came from the Mississippi Department of Archives and History, the LeFleur’s Bluff Heritage Foundation, the National Archives, and

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