Swine Production - With Information on the Breeding, Care and Management of Pigs
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Swine Production - With Information on the Breeding, Care and Management of Pigs - W. C. Skelley
SWINE PRODUCTION
W. C. SKELLEY
Hog raising is one of the major interests of Professor William C. Skelley, head of the Animal Husbandry Department at Rutgers and the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, and superintendent of the 1000-acre College Farm. In the former capacity, he has for many years taught Rutgers students, carried on research in the feeding of swine, and worked with and for farmers on problems of hog breeding and pork production. He has given frequent aid to New Jersey’s 4-H swine clubs. His standing as a livestock authority has brought him calls to judge the swine classes at many shows, including the Ohio State Fair and the Pennsylvania Farm Products Show. For many years he has been livestock superintendent at the New Jersey State Fair. He is the author of various publications on swine, beef cattle, sheep, and horses. A native of the Buckeye State, reared on an Ohio livestock farm, Professor Skelley is a graduate of Ohio State University and has served on the Rutgers and New Jersey Station staff for 24 years. (For further biographical information see Chapters XXVIII and XXX.)
SWINE production is one of the largest livestock enterprises in the United States. The reason for this popularity is that the hog matures more quickly and multiplies more rapidly than any other meat-producing animal and that it is adaptable to practically all types and sizes of farm.
To produce swine profitably, intelligent selection of breeding stock, management, sanitation, and feeding must be practiced, so the cost of production will be kept at a minimum.
SELECTION OF BREEDING STOCK
Although many persons can see but little merit in any breed except the one in which they are interested through one influence or another, yet the more fair-minded are inclined to agree that there is no best breed under all conditions. Regardless of the breed chosen, more depends upon the conformation of the individuals selected and their strain or blood lines than upon the breed itself.
When there is no marked breed preference and all other things are equal, it is advisable to select the breed that is already most prevalent in the locality, for it is very probable that there are sound economic reasons why one breed predominates. Another important reason is that breeding stock may then be more easily exchanged among the breeders. Also, where only a few sows are owned by each breeder, boars may be purchased in partnership.
In the United States the following breeds are to be found: Duroc Jersey, Poland China, Chester White, Hampshire, Berkshire, Spotted Poland China, Tamworth, and Yorkshire.
In starting a herd it is advisable to use purebred animals, as too much time and money are lost by starting with low-grade sows and expecting rapid improvement by the use of purebred boars.
Selection of Sows
In selecting foundation sows for the herd, attention should be given to the type of animals to be used, as it is an established fact that the so-called present-day type is more profitable than the one of 15 years ago. By present-day type is meant a sow that will produce a litter that will, when put in the feed lot, be finished for market weighing from 200 to 250 pounds per head, at