University of Arkansas
By Amy Leigh Allen and Timothy G. Nutt
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About this ebook
The University of Arkansas has a celebrated history that includes not only winning athletic teams, but also academic successes.
While most people immediately think of the Razorbacks in association with the University of Arkansas, the state's flagship educational institution has so much more to offer. First established in 1871 in Fayetteville, located in the scenic Ozark Mountains of northwest Arkansas, the first permanent building on campus, Old Main, is also the most iconic with its towers standing like beacons. In 1948, the University of Arkansas became the first Southern university to integrate when WWII veteran Silas Hunt enrolled in law school; like Hunt, the lives and accomplishments of individuals, such as Sen. J. William Fulbright and architect E. Fay Jones, remain intertwined with the university and the world. Students remain the lifeblood of the university though, participating in traditions like homecoming, Senior Walk, and Razorback athletics with fierce pride. The photographs in this collection tell the stories of the first 125 years of the University of Arkansas.
Amy Leigh Allen
Amy Leigh Allen is the university archivist for the University of Arkansas and also an alumna. Timothy G. Nutt is head of special collections at the University of Arkansas. Photographs for this book were selected mainly from the special collections holdings within the university libraries.
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University of Arkansas - Amy Leigh Allen
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INTRODUCTION
Almost a decade after the passage of the Morrill Act of 1862, the Arkansas Industrial University was created by the Arkansas Legislature. The Morrill Act provided means for the states to establish universities for the purpose of teaching agricultural and mechanical arts. The Civil War and Reconstruction delayed Arkansas’s actions in response to the act until 1868, when the university was established. It was another three years, on March 27, 1871, that the board of trustees were charged with selecting a location for the institution.
Officials from around the state expressed their interest in locating the school in their respective towns and held bond elections in efforts to bolster their chances. Washington County approved $100,000 in 30-year bonds. Fayetteville supplemented the bid with an offer of $30,000 as startup funds. This was more money than offered by Prairie Grove, which also vied for the university. Fayetteville stalwart Lafayette Gregg served on the board of trustees, and his stature and influence no doubt was one of the reasons for the city being selected in October 1871. The northwest Arkansas city, though, had been home to several educational institutions prior to the Civil War, including the Fayetteville Female Seminary and Arkansas College, and this might have been a factor as well.
The deadline to comply with the Morrill Act necessitated quick action by Fayetteville officials since the school had to open by February 1872. The board purchased 160 acres from the McIlroy family in November 1871, and a farmhouse located on the land was refitted into classrooms. Arkansas Industrial University opened on January 22, 1872, with eight students, including one female. Noah Gates served as the university’s first president. The name of the university was changed to the University of Arkansas in 1899.
Since its founding, the U of A has been the state’s university—not only in the sense of the flagship institution, but also as the school that represents all of Arkansas and her citizens. Students from around Arkansas dream of attending the U of A, an institution intertwined in the culture and history of the state. The people, buildings, and traditions have become integrated into our lexicon, thoughts, and collective history.
University Hall, the oldest building on campus, known today as Old Main, opened in 1875 and was used for classrooms and administrative offices. It was built using local materials, and the aforementioned Lafayette Gregg oversaw the construction of the building to ensure it was built to specifications. Though there was a push to demolish the building in the 1980s after it had fallen into disrepair, preservationists, alumni, and others rallied for its restoration. Today, it continues to stand beacon over northern Arkansas and remains one the most iconic buildings in the state.
Campus traditions abound at the university. A particularly treasured one is the Senior Walk. Inscribed in miles of cement sidewalks around campus are the names of the institution’s alumni. A number of distinguished alumni appear on Senior Walk, including former university president and US senator J. William Fulbright, internationally recognized architect Fay Jones, and Miss America 1964 Donna Axum. Another tradition is the calling of the hogs. Whether an alumnus or not, it is hard not to feel pride for the Razorbacks—and the state—when one hears the familiar woo pig sooie
call in Razorback Stadium, Walton Arena, Barnhill Arena, or wherever a group of fans are gathered.
Athletics has always been inextricably linked to the U of A. Before the razorback became its mascot, the less-fierce cardinal held the honor. Hugo Bezdek, the head football coach from 1908 to 1912, is credited with comparing the football team, which had just routed Louisiana State, to a wild band of razorback hogs.
The name was an instant hit with the students, and the mascot was officially changed from the Cardinals to the Razorbacks. The name is unique to Arkansas, as no other college or professional team has a razorback mascot. Once part of the Southwest Athletic Conference, the Razorbacks now regularly dominate the Southeastern Conference in multiple sports. In 1964, the Razorbacks played for the national football championship, and the basketball hogs were the 1994 NCAA champions after defeating the Duke Blue Devils. Other teams (both men’s and women’s), such as track-and-field and gymnastics, have found success and earned international reputations. Over the years, a number of coaches and players have made their mark on Arkansas athletics, including Jerry Jones (football), Corliss Williamson (basketball), Lou Holtz (head football coach), Nolan Richardson (head basketball coach), and Bev Lewis (women’s basketball coach).
The University is also proud of its history of diversity and inclusion. There is evidence that James McGahee, an African American student, studied at the university when it opened in 1872. Although he was most likely privately tutored by the university’s first president, this type of inclusion was rare at the time, especially at Southern institutions. Silas Hunt became the first African American to be admitted to a major public Southern university without court order when he was admitted to the law school in 1948. He died a year later without obtaining a degree, but his actions paved the way for other black students at the U of A. The university has continued the tradition of inclusiveness to this day, including a diverse community of international students.
Academics remain at the center of the university’s mission. There were no designated colleges or schools at the university until well into the 20th century. Academic departments were fluid and changed names through the years. Some professors taught in multiple departments, according to their backgrounds and strengths. The first college created was in agriculture. Since the beginnings of the university, agriculture has played an important role in its mission and curriculum, fulfilling the intent of the Morrill Act. Today, there are seven colleges and schools administering to the educational