The GIANT Book on Polar Animals For Kids
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About this ebook
Table of Contents
Introduction
Penguins
About Penguins
Penguins’ Feathers
How Penguins Hunt For Food
Why Preening is Important
Caring For Their Young
Penguin Groups
Emperor Penguins – Aptenodytes Group
King Penguin – Aptenodytes Group
Gentoo Penguins – Pygoscelis Group
Adelie Penguin – Pygoscelis Group
Chinstrap Penguins – Pygoscelis Group
Rockhopper – Eudyptes Group
Erect Crested Penguins – Eudyptes Group
Fiordland Penguins – Eudyptes Group
Macaroni Penguins – Eudyptes Group
Royal Penguin – Eudyptes Group
Snares – Eudyptes Group
Humboldt Penguins – Spheniscus Group
African Penguins – Spheniscus Group
Magellanic Penguins – Spheniscus Group
Galápagos Penguins – Spheniscus Group
Yellow-eyed Penguin – Megadyptes Group
Penguin – Eudyptula Group
Fun Facts about Penguins
Polar Bears
About Polar Bears
Polar Bears
What Polar Bears Do
How Polar Bears Communicate
Baby Polar Bears
Polar Bear Facts
Where to Polar Bears Live
Arctic Polar Bears
Why are the Polar Bears Endangered
What Polar Bears Eat
Habitat of Polar Bears
Other Names for Polar Bears
Puffins
What is a puffin?
What kinds of puffins are there?
The history of puffins and humans
Atlantic puffin
Tufted puffin
Horned puffin
Rhinoceros auklet
A little more about puffins
Seals
What is a seal?
What kinds of seals are there?
Where did seals come from?
The history of seals and humans
Walruses
Elephant Seals
Sea lions
Fur Seals
A little more on seals
Walruses
Information on Walruses
Information on Walruses
Facts about Walruses
Pacific Walruses
Pacific Walruses
Arctic Walruses
Baby Walruses
How Walruses Communicate
Walruses’ Habitat
Walruses’ Diet
Where Do Walruses Come From?
Seals and Walruses
Life in the Herd
Walrus Features
Walruses and Humans
Migration
Living in Cold Water
Walruses Are Endangered
Conclusion
Publisher
Introduction
The poles can be found on the very top of the Earth and on the very bottom.
The coldest temperatures on Earth are recorded here, the coldest ever being -129.3°F (-89.6°C)!
Over 70% of all the fresh water on Earth is frozen in Antarctic.
Since these places are so cold and harsh the animals that live there have had to make some adaptations in order to survive. Let's read about some of these amazing animals.
Read more from Molly Davidson
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The GIANT Book on Polar Animals For Kids - Molly Davidson
Introduction
The poles can be found on the very top of the Earth and on the very bottom.
The coldest temperatures on Earth are recorded here, the coldest ever being -129.3°F (-89.6°C)!
Over 70% of all the fresh water on Earth is frozen in Antarctic.
Since these places are so cold and harsh the animals that live there have had to make some adaptations in order to survive. Let's read about some of these amazing animals.
Penguins
Penguins are very interesting creatures to get to know! Did you know that they go tobogganing too? Do you think that all penguins are black and white in color? If you think the answer is yes
, then you might want to re-think that answer. Did you know that some penguins do not just live in the coldest of climates, or that not all penguins waddle when they walk?
Do you know that some penguins could weigh nearly 100 lbs. (45 kg), while other penguins weigh in at just over 2 lbs. (.9 kg)? Some penguins lay just one egg, and they keep the egg warm by holding it on top of their feet! Do you know which penguins they are? Other groups of penguins lay two eggs, but only one egg will hatch. Do you know the names of those penguins? Were you aware that some penguins have black spots on their chests, and that these spots are different from penguin to penguin? There are so many interesting things to learn about these non-flying birds!
About Penguins
Although penguins don’t have any teeth, many do have a curved bill with a sharp cutting edge at the tip of their bills. On their tongues and roof of their mouths, you can see sharp objects that look almost like teeth. This is how the penguins catch and hold their food.
A Penguin’s eyesight is very important to them. Their eyes are very large, and they need to be kept open underwater so that they can see their food that they are trying to catch. Diving underwater plays a big role in the penguins search for food. How deep a penguin will dive in the water depends on how much light shines through the water. The more light there is, then the deeper they can dive. This may explain why penguins will dive into the deeper waters during the afternoons but not in the evenings.
Penguins do not have any ears that you can see on the outside of their head, but they have excellent hearing. Instead, they have internal ears, and these ears are covered over by feathers. The placement of their ears would be in the same place as human ears are. It is from their keen sense of hearing, that the penguins can be guided back to their mate or young chicks. From the time the chicks are born, they listen carefully to the sounds that their parents make so that they will be able to recognize them. One of the parents must leave their nest in search of food. It is from the sounds that their chicks or mate make that help to guide them back to the right nest.
The largest sized penguin is the Emperor penguin, which can measure between 3 – 4 feet (1.2 m) tall and weigh nearly 100 pounds (45kg). The Fairy penguin is the smallest of all penguins measuring in at only 16" (40cm) tall, and weighing in at just 2 pounds (.9 kg).
The shape of the penguin’s body is ideal for swimming. They can move very quickly through the water with little water resistance. This allows them to be very fast swimmers. Penguins have webbed feet and very short legs. It is because their legs are so short that many of the penguins seem to waddle when they walk.
Penguins are considered to be warm blooded. Emperor penguins can be seen huddling together. This helps them to keep warm and guard against loss of body heat in the freezing temperatures of Antarctica.
Is it possible for a penguin to overheat? Yes! This is especially true for the penguins that live in the more northern, warmer areas. Sometimes a penguin needs to be careful not to overheat. Sometimes you can see penguins running through their colonies (the place where they live) with their wings in the air. Since their wings do not have actual feathers, this is one place where they can lose some of the heat. When this motion is not enough to cool them off, they will sometimes pant just like a dog. In some of the penguin species that live in the warmer climates, you will notice that they have pink sections around their eyes or their bill. These areas have no feathers, and serve as a way for heat to escape from their body, and a way for them to cool off.
Penguins need sleep. It is not unusual for them to sleep often, but they only take naps and sleep for a short period of time. When penguins are on land, they can be observed sleeping with their head tucked under a wing, or lying down on the ground. It is believed that some species of penguins also sleep when they are out at sea. What is not known is how exactly they do this. It is believed that they float, and rest their head either between or on their flippers.
Sometimes things may happen to make the penguin feel threatened. This feeling can be caused by something coming too close to them, their chicks or their nest. The penguins feel like they need to protect themselves or their young. So how do they do this? One way is to try and scare off the unwanted visitor, and this can be done by aggressive behavior on the part of the penguin. One thing they can try doing is to stare at the intruder menacingly. They cannot stare using both of their eyes at the same time, so they usually turn their heads and stare at the stranger one eye at the time, with their beaks pointing forward.
To show the intruder that they really mean business, the penguin may point their bills right at the stranger. This is their way of telling them not to come any closer, or there will be a fight. Another thing they do that is very effective is that during this bill pointing, they also send out a noise that sounds like a loud growl.
If another penguin should wander in too close, sometimes a bill fight will follow. The fight is seen when both penguins lean forward, open their bills, and start striking each other with their bills. They close their eyes halfway to avoid getting injured.
Penguins’ Feathers
The penguins’ feathers have an important job. There is a layer of feathers found closest to their skin. This layer of feathers is a downy layer, and its function is to keep the penguin warm. The next layer of feathers that