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The Lines of Torres Vedras 1809–11
By Ian Fletcher and Bill Younghusband
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About this ebook
Following the battle of Bussaco on 27 September 1810 Wellington's heavily outnumbered troops began to withdraw towards Lisbon. By the evening of 9 October the British and Portuguese began to withdraw behind a line of defensive works that had been built to the north of Lisbon. These were not the rudimentary field works that the French anticipated, but an enormous network of forts, batteries and redoubts whose construction had been started the previous November the Lines of Torres Vedras. This 30-mile-wide line utilised the area's natural defences, damming rivers, scarping hillsides, blocking roads and establishing forts upon almost all of the hills. This title describes its design, creation and effectiveness in the face of French attacks.
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Ian Fletcher
Ian Fletcher is a Fellow of the International Napoleonic Society and a leading authority on the Peninsular War and Wellington’s army. Born in London in 1957, his first book, In Hell Before Daylight, was published in 1984, since when he has written or edited twenty-four others, including Galloping at Everything, The Crimean War: A Clash of Empires, and Wellington’s Regiments. He worked on the BBC’s Decisive Weapons series, the History Channel’s Line of Fire and Sharpe's War series and Channel 4's series Revolutionary Armies. He has also appeared on Russian and Ukrainian television as part of an award-winning 4-part documentary series on the Crimean War.
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