Ophtalmologie a l'époque
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D'après APOLLODORE, Chiron fut le maître d'ASCLEPIOS (Esculape), fils d'APOLLON et de CORONIS, que son père avait enlevé, en très bas âge, et conduit auprès du Centaure pour qu'il lui enseignât la médecine et la chirurgie.
Nous retrouvons encore HOMERE, qui dans l'Iliade fait allusion à des traumatismes ayant entrainé des troubles visuels. Ainsi HECTOR frappé sur son casque, lors de son combat avec DIOMEDE, est atteint d'une cécité temporaire suivie d'une perte de connaissance.
HOMERE était-il aveugle ?. Selon les croyances anciennes, la perte de vue serait liée, par une sorte de compensation magique, à la clairvoyance et au don de création poétique de chant et d'enchantement. En lui attribuant, avec THUCYDIDE et ARISTOPHANE le majestueux "Hymne à Apollon", on doit admettre sa cécité, car 1'auteur de ce chant se décrit lui-même comme "un homme aveugle (tuphlos aner) qui demeure dans l'âpre CHIOS"
Plusieurs "Vitae homeri" mentionnent la cécité du grand poète, mais elles sont toutes très tardives. D'après la biographie d'HOMERE faite par PROCLOS, "certains prétendent qu'il reçut son nom du fait de l'infirmité de ses yeux ; car selon eux, les Eoliens désignent les aveugles par le nom d'homèroi".
On trouve la trace de cette opinion ancienne chez EPHOROS, historien grec du IV siècle avant-JC ; selon lui le poète changea son nom en Homère à cause de sa cécité, car on nommait ainsi les aveugles du fait qu'ils se servaient de guide (ton homereuonton). D'après une biographie attribuée faussement à HERODOTE, Homère aurait contracté une ophtalmie à Ithaque et serait devenu aveugle à Colophon. De tels récits présentent un certain intérêt comme documents historiques sur les maladies des yeux à l'époque où ils furent composés, mais n'ont aucune valeur pour le diagnostic de la maladie d'Homère.
L'art de guérir fut tout d'abord le privilège de certaines familles, telle celle d'ASCLEPIOS, roi de TRIKKA, dont Homère chantait l'habileté et dont Pindare fit un dieu.
A l'origine le nom thessalien d'Esculape est "Askalapios", et ce terme désigne la taupe, très abondante en Thessalie ; cet animal était considéré comme-un animal guérisseur dans la médecine magique. Esculape était donc primitivement un dieu-taupe, une divinité émanée du sol.
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Ophtalmologie a l'époque - Moustafa AL YAHYA
OPHTALMOLOGIE A L’ÉPOQUE GALLO ROMAINE
Moustafa AL YAHYA
LIGHTHOUSE BOOKS FOR TRANSLATION AND PUBLISHING
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Copyright © 2017 by Moustafa AL YAHYA
Published by Lighthouse Books for Translation and Publishing
Interior design by Pronoun
Edited by Mustafa Kayyali
Distribution by Pronoun
ISBN: 9783591269667
TABLE OF CONTENTS
في روما القديمة كان الطب بدائي ومختلط بالسحر واستخدام النباتات الطبية للعلاج.
كاتب آخر أتى بعد سيلز Celse وهو
على المعارف المكتشفة فيما يخص طب العيون من قبل المصريين وسكان ما بين النهرين واليونانيين .
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Lighthouse Books for Translation and Publishing
Ophtalmologie a l’époque gallo romaine
Moustafa AL YAHYA
Ophtalmologie a l’époque gallo romaine by Moustafa AL YAHYA
Copyright 2017© by Lighthouse Books for Translation and Publishing.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the writer, or as expressly permitted