Historic Photos of Virginia
By Emily J. Salmon and John S Salmon
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About this ebook
More than 250 years passed from the founding of the first English colony in the New World at Jamestown in Virginia until the beginning of the American Civil War, and nearly a century and a half more has passed since the Civil War ended. As distant as such milestones of history may seem today, Virginians are fortunate to be able to see the physical evidence of great events, people, and places everywhere in the Old Dominion.
Historic Photos of Virginia showcases many of the state’s important places as well as events both great and small, beginning with the Civil War and carrying forward to the momentous changes that took place during and after the Second World War. While historic sites such as Monticello, Hampton Institute, and Arlington National Cemetery are featured, so too are the everyday city streets and rural countryside where Virginians lived and worked. These black-and-white images tell the story of Virginia, its people and places, with a vividness only historic photographs can offer.
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Historic Photos of Virginia - Emily J. Salmon
HISTORIC PHOTOS OF
VIRGINIA
TEXT AND CAPTIONS BY
EMILY J. AND JOHN S. SALMON
This waterfront view of Hampton Institute in 1899 shows part of the half-mile frontage of the school overlooking the Hampton River. Frances Benjamin Johnston took the photograph for her Hampton Institute series that appeared in an album made for the Paris Exposition of 1900. At the far left is the Mansion House, the original house on the Little Scotland plantation on which the college was built; next to it is the Memorial Chapel with its tower; beyond that is Academic Hall, designed by Richard Morris Hunt; and at the far right is the power plant.
HISTORIC PHOTOS OF
VIRGINIA
Turner Publishing Company
200 4th Avenue North • Suite 950
Nashville, Tennessee 37219
(615) 255-2665
www.turnerpublishing.com
Historic Photos of Virginia
Copyright © 2008 Turner Publishing Company
All rights reserved.
This book or any part thereof may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2008925843
ISBN: 978-1-59652-497-2
Printed in China
09 10 11 12 13 14—0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
PREFACE
FROM WAR TO A NEW CENTURY (1861–1909)
THE ROARING DECADES (1910–1929)
DEPRESSION AND VICTORY (1930–1945)
A TIME OF GREAT CHANGE (1946–1970S)
NOTES ON THE PHOTOGRAPHS
The Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary in Virginia, or Virginia Theological Seminary, was established in 1823 and located on this site overlooking Alexandria in 1827. Over the next few decades, several outstanding Victorian buildings were constructed, including Aspinwall Hall, completed in 1859 and shown here not long afterward. Norris G. Starkweather, a Baltimore architect, designed it in a unique blend of Italianate and Romanesque styles. It still stands, changed very little from its Civil War–era appearance.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This volume, Historic Photos of Virginia, is the result of the cooperation and efforts of many individuals, organizations, and corporations. It is with great thanks that we acknowledge the valuable contribution of the following for their generous support:
Eastern Regional Coal Archives, Craft Memorial Library, Bluefield, West Virginia
Library of Congress
Library of Virginia
Tazewell County Public Library
Waynesboro Public Library
We would also like to thank Dale Neighbors of the Library of Virginia for his valuable contribution and assistance in making this work possible.
PREFACE
From the founding of the first English colony in the New World at Jamestown in Virginia in 1607 until the Declaration of Independence in 1776 was almost 170 years. From that date until the beginning of the American Civil War in 1861 was an additional 85 years—more than two and a half centuries total since Jamestown was established. Nearly a century and a half has elapsed since the beginning of the Civil War. As distant as these milestones of history may seem today, Virginians are fortunate to be able to look around and see the physical evidence of great events, people, and places everywhere in the Old Dominion.
Just a few years ago, archaeologist William Kelso made a major discovery at Jamestown: James Fort, believed to have eroded into the James River, was found to be largely intact. A vast number of artifacts have been unearthed there, and an archaearium
was constructed to house them and tell the fascinating story of the colony’s early years. Visitors to Jamestown can see the artifacts and watch the ongoing excavation of James Fort.
The oldest extant structure of English origin in Virginia, a remnant of an earthen fort that Captain John Smith ordered built in 1608, is still visible at Smith’s Fort Plantation in Surry County. At Colonial Williamsburg, the original and reconstructed buildings remind us of the Revolutionary era. Throughout Virginia, Civil War battlefields serve as monuments to those who fought and died there and also as major tourist attractions.
Historic Photos of Virginia contains images of many of these important places and of others that emerged as the state developed. The book is divided into four eras. The first part covers the period from the Civil War to 1909, a time of tremendous conflict and change in the battle-torn state. The second section spans the next two decades, a period of considerable optimism as coal, shipping, and other industries grew, and new modes of transportation took hold. Part Three covers the years 1930 to 1945, when Virginians struggled through the Great Depression and signed on for the war effort, as did Americans everywhere. The fourth section continues the story from 1946 to the 1970s, a postwar era marked by increased prosperity, growth in tourism throughout Virginia, and the impact of the civil rights movement.
In each of these sections the effort has been made to capture various aspects of life through the selection of photographs. People, commerce, transportation, infrastructure, religious institutions, and educational institutions have been included to provide a broad perspective. With the exception of cropping images where needed and touching up imperfections that have accrued over time, no other changes have been made to the photographs in this volume. The caliber and clarity of many photographs are limited by the technology of the day and the ability of the photographer at the time they were made.
Most of the images in Historic Photos of Virginia depict places one can visit today. Many sites, such as Monticello and the Skyline Drive, are well known and immensely popular. Other places may be less famous but are no less interesting. In 2007, as Virginia commemorated the 400th anniversary of the establishment of Jamestown, visitors came from around the world to attend events and observances