U.S. Marine Guidebook
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The U.S. Marine Guidebook details procedure during combat, including code of conduct in war and when to use deadly force. Because these subjects are first taught and tested during recruit training, they are the distinctive qualities of a Marine and his training. Anyone who is interested in what makes a Marine the strong, brave, and skilled individual he or she must be will find this book fascinating.
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U.S. Marine Guidebook - United States Marine Corps
Chapter 1. Code of Conduct, Military Law/UCMJ, and Conduct In War
Section I. Code of Conduct
Objective: Provided with a list of the six articles of the Code of Conduct, explain the meaning of each article.
A. CODE OF CONDUCT ARTICLES
1. Article I. I am an American fighting man. I serve in the forces which guard my country and our way of life. I am prepared to give my life in their defense.
INTERPRETATION: I am a Marine. I will fight and, if necessary, die for my country and our way of life.
e9781602399419_i0003.jpgEXAMPLE: Resistance can demand the ultimate sacrifice—your life. Lance Corporal Jimenez made that sacrifice while serving as a Fire Team Leader with Company K, Third Battalion, Seventh Marines, First Marine Division in operations against the enemy in the Republic of Vietnam on 28 August 1969. On that date Lance Corporal Jimenez’s unit came under heavy attack by North Vietnamese Army soldiers concealed in well-camouflaged emplacements. Lance Corporal Jimenez reacted by seizing the initiative and plunging forward toward the enemy position. He personally destroyed several enemy personnel and silenced an antiaircraft weapon. Shouting encouragement to his companions, Lance Corporal Jimenez continued his aggressive forward movement. He slowly maneuvered to within ten feet of hostile soldiers who were firing automatic weapons from a trench and, in the face of vicious enemy fire, destroyed the position. Although he was by now the target of concentrated fire from hostile gunners intent upon halting his assault, Lance Corporal Jimenez continued to press forward. As he moved to attack another enemy soldier, he was mortally wounded. Because of his unconquerable courage, aggressive fighting spirit, and unfaltering devotion to duty, Lance Corporal Jimenez was awarded the Medal of Honor posthumously.
2. Article II. I will never surrender of my own free will. If in command, I will never surrender my men while they still have the means to resist.
INTERPRETATION: I will never surrender as long as I can fight, nor will I surrender my men if they can fight. If they lose the means to fight, they will take all possible steps to evade capture.
EXAMPLE: During the Vietnam War, Captain Walsh, an aviator, ejected from his stricken aircraft, and parachuted to the ground. He landed in the midst of a sizeable enemy unit. He immediately drew his service revolver and fired on the opposing force, inflicting a casualty. Taking cover, he continued to engage his adversaries until he rar out of ammunition, at which time he was captured. Placed in a boat en route to a POW camp, he attempted to escape, but was unsuccessful. Once formally imprisoned Captain Walsh maintained his high degree of courage by resisting his captors’ efforts to secure any information from him. By his steadfast policy of noncooperation with the enemy, he provided leadership by example for his fellow POW’s. For his courage, resourcefulness, and devotion to duty he was awarded the Bronze Star Medal.
NOTE:
Suppose a man surrenders while he still has the means to fight back or can remain in hiding. What can he expect to gain in captivity? During the Korean War, four out of every ten Americans who became prisoners of the communists died. Untold numbers were coldly executed shortly after laying down their arms, and these were not included in the prisoner
statistics. The odds are in favor of the man who sticks by his guns.
Since many of the deaths in a prison camp result from lack of will, the person who surrenders to the enemy is even less likely to survive.
3. Article III. If I am captured, I will continue to resist by all means available. I will make every effort to escape and aid others to escape. I will accept neither parole nor special favors from the enemy.
INTERPRETATION: If I am captured, I will not take any favors from the enemy, but I will resist and escape, If possible.
e9781602399419_i0006.jpgEXAMPLE: One prisoner who escaped against great odds was Lieutenant Charles F. Klusmann, a U.S. Navy pilot, shot down over Laos and captured by the communists in June 1964. Lieutenant Klusmann at once decided to escape, if possible. After 2 months of solitary confinement, he was moved in August to another building where some Laotians were imprisoned. Here, he and two other prisoners cautiously mapped out an escape plan.
e9781602399419_i0007.jpgTheir moment came in late August and they succeeded In breaking out of the prison compound. Throughout the night, the three escapees traveled through rice paddies and along wooded trails. A communist patrol recaptured one of the Laotians the next day, but the other two escapees evaded the patrol in the brush. After running for 2 hours, they slowed to a walk keeping to animal trails.
e9781602399419_i0008.jpgA chilling rain that night added to their misery. At dawn the following day they were on their way again, heading toward friendly troops which they believed to be beyond a high mountain. Keeping a close watch for communist patrols, the two succeeded in crossing over the mountain by late afternoon. That night they risked a small fire to cook some squash they had found. Early the next morning, after finishing the remains of the squash, they resumed their march. Since their escape, Lieutenant Klusmann and his companion had been bothered by painful leech bites which caused their legs to swell. Klusmann’s right leg was in such bad shape that he could not lift it without using his hand to lever it along, but by midafternoon the two reached a friendly outpost. That evening a plane was called In to fly Lieutenant Klusmann to safety, capping his escape with a final triumph.
4. Article IV. If I become a prisoner of war, I will keep faith with my fellow prisoners. I will give no information nor take part in any action which might be harmful to my comrades. If I am senior, I will take command. If not, I will obey the lawful orders of those appointed over me and will back them up in every way.
INTERPRETATION: If I am a prisoner I will help my fellow prisoners and not sell them out for favors from the enemy. If senior, I will take charge; if not, I will follow the orders of the senior prisoner, regardless of his branch of service (U.S. or allied nation).
e9781602399419_i0010.jpgEXAMPLE: While interned as a Prisoner of War by the Viet Cong in Vietnam from December 1964 to December 1967, Colonel (then Captain) Cook answered the call for leadership. Repeatedly assuming more than his share of manual labor in order that the other Prisoners of War could improve the states of their health, Colonel Cook willingly and unselfishly put the interests of his comrades before that of his own well-being and, eventually, his life. Giving more needy men his medicine and drug allowance while constantly nursing them, he risked infections from contagious diseases while his health deteriorated rapidly. This unselfish and exemplary conduct, coupled with his refusal to stray even the slightest from the Code of Conduct, earned him the deepest respect from not only his fellow prisoners, but his captors as well. Rather than negotiate for his own release or better treatment, he steadfastly frustrated attempts by the Viet Cong to break his unconquerable spirit, and passed the same resolve on to the men with whose well-being he so closely associated himself. Knowing his refusals would prevent his release prior to the end of the war, and also knowing his chances for prolonged survival would be small in the event of continued refusal, he chose nevertheless to adhere to a Code of Conduct far above that which could be expected. Colonel Cook was awarded the Medal of Honor posthumously.
e9781602399419_i0011.jpg5. Article V. "When questioned, should I become a prisoner of war, I am required to give name, rank, service number, and date of birth (fig 1-1). I will evade answering further questions to the utmost of my ability. I will make no oral or written statements disloyal to my country and its allies or harmful to their cause."
e9781602399419_i0012.jpgFig 1-1.
INTERPRETATION: If a prisoner, I will give my service number (social security number), name, rank, and date of birth. I may fill out a Geneva Convention Capture Card, (fig 1-1) but I am not required to. I may also write letters home and talk with the enemy about matters of health and welfare. I will say or sign nothing that may hurt my fellow prisoners, my country, or its allies.
e9781602399419_i0013.jpgEXAMPLE: Shortly after his capture as a prisoner of war during the Vietnam War, Captain (then First Lieutenant) Dibernardo and a group of prisoners began a journey to a permanent installation. During this journey, he exerted himself in a positive leadership capacity, maintaining the military organization of the men at all times. In the first of the temporary camps which the group was to occupy, he instructed his group to resist providing anything more than the most basic biographical Information. Although subjected to routine cruelties for refusal to cooperate, Captain Dibernardo continued to provide leadership and guidance for his group.
You may but you are not required to provide the information requested on this card. Be especially aware that the enemy may include unauthorized questions on the Capture Card that they offer you.
e9781602399419_i0014.jpgFig 1-2. Geneva Convention Capture Card.
e9781602399419_i0015.jpge9781602399419_i0016.jpg6. Article VI. I will never forget that I am an American fighting man, responsible for my actions, and dedicated to the principles which made my country free. I will trust in my God and in the United States of America.
INTERPRETATION: I am a Marine fighting for my country. I will be responsible for my conduct, and I will trust in my God and my country.
EXAMPLE: In 1966 Lieutenant (JG) Dieter Dengler, a U.S. Navy pilot, added another illustrious chapter to the traditions of U.S. fighting men. While on a mission over North Vietnam near the Laotian border on 1 February, his plane was crippled by ground fire and crashed. Unable to avoid capture, Lieutenant Dengler repeatedly refused to give his captors any military information or to sign a propaganda statement condemning the United States. He was severely mistreated for refusing to comply. Months later on 29 June, Lieutenant Dengler and another prisoner, U.S. Air Force First Lieutenant Duane Martin, a helicopter pilot, escaped. The two men, barefoot and weakened by malnutrition and illness, traveled by foot and raft toward safety. Lieutenant Martin was killed by a villager, but Lieutenant Dengler managed to signal a friendly plane and was rescued by helicopter on the 22nd day of his trek to freedom.
e9781602399419_i0018.jpgB. POW DO’S AND DON’TS
Every American Fighting man must face the fact that he might be captured, even if he does his best to avoid it. Here are some situations to avoid should you fall into enemy hands.
NOTE:
The UCMJ applies to members of the Armed Services even in a POW situation.
Section II. Military Law/UCMJ
Objectives:
1. State the purpose and function of the military justice system.
2. Describe the rights of an accused before a court-martial and before any administrative and nonjudicial proceeding.
A. PURPOSE AND FUNCTION OF THE MILITARY JUSTICE SYSTEM
The purpose of the military justice system is to establish a means for insuring good order and discipline within the military community. The system serves the same function as criminal statutes in a civilian community. Obedience to military law is the responsibility of each Marine.
B. RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED
An accused person has certain rights before a court-martial and also before any judicial or non-judicial proceeding in which the accused is subject to charges or in which his conduct is subject to inquiry. Nowhere in any legal system is a person given more protection of his rights than he is under the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ). The Code is