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Os sofrimentos do jovem Werther
Os sofrimentos do jovem Werther
Os sofrimentos do jovem Werther
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Os sofrimentos do jovem Werther

Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

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A literatura alemã divide-se em antes e depois de "Os sofrimentos do jovem Werther", que aqui conta com uma nova e brilhante tradução de Marcelo Backes. Werther não é, simplesmente, um romance em cartas como tantos outros; é o romance de uma alma, uma história interior. É a história de uma paixão literalmente devastadora. Com enorme repercussão quando do seu lançamento – não foram poucos os suicídios atribuídos ao romance –, Werther foi um testemunho do poder da literatura na sociedade.
LanguagePortuguês
PublisherL&PM Editores
Release dateMar 1, 2001
ISBN9788525422972
Os sofrimentos do jovem Werther

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Rating: 3.6155963096636086 out of 5 stars
3.5/5

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  • Rating: 1 out of 5 stars
    1/5
    I read this book because I enjoy the poetic language of Goethe. I could barely finish this particular book though. This story is a good example of why men rarely make good friends for women. I've experienced this behavior so much from men, including threats of suicide as a method of manipulation, that I felt disgusted reading the book. If there was poetic language in this book, and there probably was, I was so distracted by the stereotypical bad behavior of the male protagonist that I missed it.
  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    Goethe's "The Sorrows of Young Werther" certainly has all the underpinnings of novels from the Romantic period -- unrequited love and plenty of rapture about the natural world.In this epistolary novel, Werther falls in love with Charlotte, a young woman who is already engaged to another man. He makes an attempt to befriend the couple after their marriage with disastrous results.I can understand why it made such a sensation when it was published in the 1770's. The pining away for Charlotte got a bit much by the end so I wouldn't say I really enjoyed this book, but I didn't hate it either.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    Yes, such is the frailty of man, that even there, where he has the greatest consciousness of his own being, where he makes the strongest and most forcible impression, even in the memory, in the heart of his beloved, there also he must perish,—vanish,—and that quickly.

    It is often difficult to parse someone becoming unhinged in an epistolary novel. It is at the point of dissolution that the reader is forced to accept that the ongoing narrative is actually what someone in such straits would be able to emote through writing. I give Goethe a pass, he was Goethe after all. The next great German would hug a horse and he didn't write many letters, those he did he signed The Crucified.

    This was a cautionary tale. Like the Quixote--we learn that reading too many books softens the faculties. One then shouldn't woo women already engaged. Or at least accept the inevitable. I liked the interlude towards the end with the recitation of poetry. Romanticism is shorn of its ideals and forced to kneel in all-too-human failure.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    I expected to dismiss this book, having read others' reviews in advance. Goethe himself often wished it forgotten after he wrote it, when it still haunted his legacy. Maybe he felt embarrassed by the biographical aspect and his own youthful foolishness. He was too hard on himself. It may be easy to deride Werther's sorrows and weakness, but Goethe did a fine job of capturing youth's irrational passions. There's a reason why it's so hard for adults to relate to teenagers, and I think this classic sums it up perfectly.Werther has to start high before he can fall, and he begins very high. His adoration of a pastoral scene is enough to trigger tears of happiness in him, demonstrating how commanded he is by emotional highs and lows. A storm is brewing - literally, as he is about to meet Charlotte for the first time. At first he is merely an admirer, desirous of her company but not overly wounded that she is engaged to Albert. He is still full enough of life that he can argue with Albert that moroseness is a sin: extreme dramatic irony on a re-read. But gradually admiration turns to obsession, as he begins to idealize his love and then encounters hardships with his attempt at a career, doubled by the impending marriage of Charlotte and Albert becoming fact. After that it's a swift slide to the bottom.Interesting arguments surface. Werther compares a wounded heart to dying of a disease; that there can only be so much pain before one's endurance is overcome, no matter how determined the mindset. Here he clearly ranks emotion above reason as the force which commands him. With this imbalance locked in, no appeal can save him. At this point the reader's loathing is liable to be set in as well. Just snap out of it! Accept what is, and move on! It's compounded by Werther being directionless and possibly too proud and lazy for his own good. He lives off his mother's allowance, and how old is he? Clearly I'm thinking like a parent, or at least a mature adult. To understand this character, I need to cast my mind further back.Can I never recall admiration for an unobtainable girl that led beyond reason? It would be a cold, hard life I've led if I could not. In youth our passions command us. We can hear and speak reason, but only within the context of values largely determined by our feelings. Urgency comes from desiring the company of an ideal vision of the opposite sex, unaware how much we are projecting onto the nearest target and value accordingly beyond what reason dictates. Puppy love transgresses into puppy idolization, to the detriment of the worshiper and the worshiped. I choose to pity Werther out of sympathy, but only up to the point where he contemplates suicide. That state is only obtainable by the sustaining of blind romantic notion far beyond anything I achieved. It is a reality that some are not so lucky. To deride Werther is to deride all youth who give way to irrational despair. Understand him, and you may perceive a life to be saved.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    This is one of the best tales of unrequited love I've ever readTruly a masterpiece and often overlooked
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    This is of course a great classic, which had a profound impact on the culture of its time. Sometimes, I truly appreciate great classics, for themselves as works of art, not just as for artifacts of culture. But sometimes, I can't make the breakthrough and get really involved with a work -- I observe it, rather than experience it. "The Sorrows of Young Werther", for me, was such a book. I am glad I finally read it (I have certainly read enough about it, over the years) but I won't do so again. Perhaps if I read German, or perhaps if I were a third as old as I am ----- .
  • Rating: 2 out of 5 stars
    2/5
    Soo, I know this is part of a historical period, and it's very representative of a literary movement and yada yada yada. But seriously, dude - man up already. And I mean this in a very non-sexist way.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    What a thing is the heart of man!- Goethe, The Sorrows of Young WertherIn The Sorrows of Young Werther, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe opens a window into the soul of his young protagonist, allowing the reader to witness first hand his tragic destiny. Young Werther suffers from a hopeless love for the enchanting Charlotte who is engaged to an older man. In a series of letters to his friend Wilhelm, Werther reveals the depths of his anguish. The Sorrows of Young Werther is a beautifully told tale of the interior of a human heart in conflict.First published in 1774, Goethe's epistolary novel has many of the hallmarks of literary romanticism: unattainable love, a passionate and sensitive protagonist, feelings bared open to the world, and a deep appreciation for nature. In his book The Novel 100, Daniel Burt calls The Sorrows of Young Werther "One of the defining works of European Romanticism."Werther is a young artist who moves to the village of Walheim where he meets the lovely Charlotte, daughter of the local judge. Charlotte's mother has died, leaving her to care for her brothers and sisters, and Werther becomes enamored of her, despite knowing that she is engaged to Albert, a man eleven years her senior. As he spends more time with Charlotte and Albert, Werther's love for Charlotte increases, and so does his torment at knowing she is unattainable. The letters Werther writes to his friend Wilhelm express both the intensity of his love and the pain it causes him.Goethe's novel is beautifully written and groundbreaking in its portrayal of a human soul. German literary scholar Karl Viëtor writes about the novel's significance:Among European novels Werther is the first in which an inward life, a spiritual process and nothing else, is represented, and hence it is the first psychological novel....The scene is the soul of the hero. All events and figures are regarded only in the light of the significance they have for Werther's emotion.One thing that stands out in the novel is the likability of all of its characters. This is a novel with no clear antagonist, no evil villain. Not only is Charlotte beautiful, but she is also kind, charming, and generous. Albert is a good man who loves Charlotte. Werther himself is a passionate, sensitive young man whose feelings for Charlotte are pure and innocent. And yet there is conflict in the novel. The reader feels it almost from the very first page. What should Werther do about his passionate feelings for Charlotte? Ignore them? Act on them? Suppress them and move on? What should Charlotte do, and Albert?These questions raise even deeper questions and invite the reader to reflect on his or her own beliefs about love and passion. What is love, and where does it come from? What is the role of emotion in relationships and what is the role of intellect?The Sorrows of Young Werther is well worth a read, not only for its beautiful prose, but also for its attempt to grapple with issues of love and passion.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    The quintessential romantic novel, it could easily be mistaken for a handbook on how to express your most intimate feelings as far as the things of the heart are concerned. However it's the superlative skills of the author that really counts: that Goethe is considered one of the greatest writers that ever lived come as no surprise after a few pages of this marvel. To read and reread forever.
  • Rating: 2 out of 5 stars
    2/5
    Interessant als historisch document dat de opgeklopte overgevoeligheid van de Romantiekers illustreert, maar absoluut ongeloofwaardig en literair maar matig genietbaar.
  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    Werther is a sensitive and passionate youung artist who ventures to the countryside to practice his art. Unfortunately for him, he is destined to meet a young lady and fall in love. This is unfortunate because she has already been claimed by a worthy gentleman and the issues grow as Werther's passions begin to consume him and possibly descend into obsession. He attempts to assuage this passion by moving away and following the familial urgings to go into a true working arena in the government, but as he tires of the quotidian dealings and unnecessary drama, Werther is drawn back to the countryside where is love resides with her now husband. I'm surprisingly willing to make a bold statement about the themes that reside in this novel. Normally I swish back and forth and ease into such things, but here I go...This book is undeniably about passion. No specific emotion involved, because there is the base level, the level at which I believe Werther sadly exists, that is not anger or lust or anything of the sort, but rather a seething cauldron of emotional turbulence. [Which, as I type, brings back to mind the chapter on psychoanalytic criticism from class...] It is the burning inner sensation that drives him from one world to another, easily slipping through mindsets. Styled as an epistolary novel, Werther allows a singular look into the young man's violent mood swings revolving around his dealings with this turbulence and Lotte, his angel of perfection. We see his attitude shifting through the degrees of love and obsession, jealousy, acceptance and hatred. Something odd about the novel, however, is that is is not purely the letters written by Werther to his friend [Wilhelm most of the time, but also to Lotte]. Towards the end, the unnamed narrator, who has gathered the letters and apparently taken time to assemble them, feels the need to step in and explain the last few days [or is it weeks? I have trouble following the space of the time...] of the book, in which Werther's mind was too turbulent to properly share, and then ***SPOILERS*** of course, when he kills himself, there are few ways to acceptably demonstrate this in written form. All in all, the book provided more than a few lovely quotes and sentiments that I took care to jot down. Werther being a poet, he frequently allowed himself to wax poetical, as it were, and crafted some beautiful thoughts. It's not a particularly dificult read, but a little bogging when he waxes for a while, and even more so when we read through his translation of a writer--as supplied by the Narrator. It's not a favorite, and probably not a second-read for quite some time, but not bad. Not bad at all for a famous author.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    This novella was the work that first established the reputation of the great German author, though he repudiated it in later life. It is a book of two halves. In the first half Werther reflects philosophically about the nature of beauty in the countryside he visits and envies the certainties in the lives of the peasant families he meets. His love for Charlotte here seems an innocent and healthy one, despite her being engaged to Albert. In the second part, however, his unrequited passion grows into an obsession that eventually destroys him, distorting his healthy outlook on the world. As Charlotte perceptively observes, "Why must you love me, me only, who belong to another? I fear, I much fear, that it is only the impossibility of possessing me which makes your desire for me so strong.” This second part lacked the simplicity and beauty of the first half and was harder to read. Werther is an unattractive character by the end and I am afraid his suicide evoked little sympathy in me. This short book was a key point in the development of European literature in the 1770s.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    This book is spectacular. The prose of Goethe is stunning and the depth of emotion is amazing. Do not read this book if you are in a melancholy mood; it will intensify those emotions and may pull you from melancholy to despair. Despite that negativity it is a stellar exploration of human love, affection, friendship and emotion.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    For being written in 1774, this German novella is a timeless classic. It is often described as a romance or tragic love story, but I'd have to disagree with that description. What I experienced was a case study in severe depression and angst, not "love." But that's just semantics. Goethe wrote the book as a series of letters from Werther to his friend Wilhelm. Werther finds himself "in love" (obsessed) with a girl, Charlotte, who is engaged to another man, Albert. He is consumed with complex and extreme emotions, loneliness, frustration, and constant thoughts of death. The majority of the time, he comes across as overly dramatic and extremely whiny, and the reader finds herself wishing that he would just "get a grip." Forshadowing of the climax begins on the first page and continues frequently throughout the text. Even though Werther comes across as pathological, anyone who has ever experienced a broken heart or a situation of unrequited love will be able to relate to his experience. This is one of the must read fictional masterpieces, but be warned that it is very dark and very disturbing and probably isn't a good choice post break-up.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    I didn't love this - until the end, when it becomes amazing. Advice: don't read this translation, get a newer one. And read Trilling's Sincerity and Authenticity.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    I had somehow mentally classified Goethe as "difficult to read classics" and had avoided him thus far. But somehow when I saw this charming little volume at my beloved bookstore's "going out of business" sale, I couldn't resist it.And it was charming. And not difficult to read at all. Told mostly in letters, and letters only from Young Werther, we get none of the replies at all -- we get not only a one-sided but a "how I want to represent myself to my friend" side of a young man's descent into romantic obsession with a woman he cannot have. Part of what makes it so fascinating is how many chances and choices he had along the way -- to realize this path would never make him happy, could only end in misery, to choose to go somewhere else, give himself a chance to love someone else. But at the same time, making those different choices would make him a different person. So do any of us really have any choice at all?
  • Rating: 2 out of 5 stars
    2/5
    Nope. Life is too short. Next!
  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    I couldn't quite bring myself to enjoy this short tragedy by Goethe. It wasn't even 200 pages, but it took me longer than I had been expecting to get through it.It is the story of a young man in 1700's Germany named Werther. He falls in love with a young woman named Lotte, but she is already engaged to another man. Even after she is married, Werther continues to love her, and they form a friendship, which is both heavenly and torturous to the despairing Werther. The main thing that I disliked here was that I just wanted Werther to grow up and get over it. Reading the paragraph above, I must admit it is relatively sad, but really now. It doesn't even sound like the plot of a tragedy, just perhaps an unfortunate sub-plot. Werther sees negativity in everything, and is constantly wishing he was dead and dwelling on suicide and weeping over his letters / journal. I have to admit that sometimes, the idea of a tragic, heartbroken man braving the sorrows of life can be appealing in some strange way. But rather than suffer in silence and gather his strength, Werther suffers loudly and wants everyone to know it. Rather than gathering strength from his ordeals, he lets them weaken him into a weepy fool. I couldn't like him or feel any sympathy for him.This book would have been utterly atrocious if not for Goethe's skillful brilliance. He is, of course, one of the greatest writers of all time, and even in a book I can't particularly say I liked, he still manages to write beautifully and evocatively. His prose is majestically awe inspiring at times, though it does tend to ramble on a bit and sometimes wander and become pointless. I noticed while looking for quotes to collect here that I found plenty of gorgeous paragraphs, but couldn't seem to spot a single sentence or short phrase that caught my eye. And I'm not writing down a whole paragraph on my bookmark.I wasn't familiar with the story of "Sorrows of Young Werther" at all coming into it, and as I tend to start imagining possible directions a book could go as I'm reading it, it somehow became set in my mind that Werther should become a poet.Goethe's beautiful writing is here attributed to his character, since the book is Werther narrating in the form of letters he is writing. So the man's letters prove he can write, and I can certainly imagine him turning his sorrows into great material. He even loves poetry, and is a fan of Ossian (who is mentioned quite a few times). Just a thought.I couldn't say I liked this book, despite the author.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    Call me slightly vengeful, but I enjoyed a male character on the other side of coin in romance. I generally avoid romance novels, but if a story line is psychologically intriguing, unpredictable for me, I will stick with it to the end. Enjoyed very much, even though the tragic end was spoiled by some reviews I read approx two months ago.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    Werther was one of the first cult novels in European history, arguably the book that put the novel solidly in place as the dominant literary form for the next couple of centuries. It was condemned by the older generation, provoked a new trend in men's fashion, was blamed for a wave of teenage suicides, and generally had all the attributes we now attach to fads like Pokemon Go and self-driving cars...It's probably a book you need to read in your teens. Re-reading it in later life, it's difficult to feel much sympathy for Werther, who insists on falling in love with a young woman who is already engaged to someone else, makes a nuisance of himself by stalking her, and then makes everyone's life even more miserable by killing himself. In the final pages of the novel, he acts like a tenor in the last act of an opera - every time you think he's finished and is about to pull the trigger, he steps back and adds a couple more paragraphs to his already voluminous suicide note. "Enough already!", readers have been wanting to shout for the last two centuries. It's an exasperating and profoundly foolish book in many ways, but it also has some very beautiful passages, so not a complete waste of time, but it's definitely best-read when you're in the mood for the love-lorn.
  • Rating: 1 out of 5 stars
    1/5
    Wow. I do not even know where to start with this.Yes, there are spoilers. Beware!Werther is, in so many words, a stalker. Mourning the death of a young woman (girlfriend? arranged match?), he falls for an engaged woman, Charlotte. He stays at her house as invited, ingratiates himself to her father (a family friend?) and young siblings. Her mother is deceased, she has no female guidance.She marries. He hangs about. Her husband tolerates him. Makes polite upper-class efforts to get him to go away.She tries to get him to not come around.He comes around anyway.A man in the area kills a rival for a woman's affection. Werther actively defends him.Werther admits that he has considered murdering Charlotte's husband, because he just knows he and Charlotte are perfect for each other. At least he knows this is the wrong course of action.He doesn't, which is the only good thing about this book.I very rarely give a book one star. Especially if I have read the whole thing, I will quit a book if it is that bad. But this is a 1001 books list book, not long, and not difficult. Just infuriating. How can we be feeling for this sort of man, still?! I feel no sympathy for him. I feel sympathy for the murdered man and the poor woman caught in the middle. I feel sympathy for Charlotte, caught in something she doesn't want to be part of. I feel for her husband, Albert, who wants Werther gone but is so trapped by upper class mores that he can effectively do little. But sympathy for Werther? No.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    Amazing book about a platonic love that can't be lived by the force of destiny.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    Summary:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s The Sorrows of Young Werther is not so much a tale of love and romance, as it is a chronicle of mental health; specifically, it seems, Goethe is tackling the idea of depression and even (though the term would not have existed then) bi-polar depression. Werther spends his days feeling everything in extremes. When he is happy in something, even something seemingly miniscule, he is overjoyed by it. His “cup overfloweth” and he radiates a sun-like magnitude of warmth and well-being to everyone around him. When he is saddened by something (or someone), he is inconsolable. Each disappointment pushes him nearer and nearer to the edge, of which Werther himself seems to be aware and almost welcoming. The crux of Werther’s Joys and Sorrows is, of course, a woman – a love which cannot be reconciled. Ultimately, each encounter with Werther’s love-interest, Lotte, becomes more detrimental to Werther’s fragile state-of-mind and, with one final visit (one which Lotte had expressly forbidden), Werther reaches his limit. The Good:Though this has been criticized by some, I appreciate the epistolary structure of this novel. I also like that to each of Werther’s letters, a response must be guessed or imagined, because none of the letters Werther received are included. I have a difficult time deciding why I like that we only get access to Werther’s side of the conversation but, I think, it is because – really – no other character has much to do with what is going on inside Werther’s head. In fact, even Lotte, the reason Werther “sacrifices” himself in the end, is only an excuse for the sacrifice and not the actual, root cause of Werther’s sorrow. Also, something I found particularly irksome throughout the first half of the novel, but which ultimately I find pleasing, is the lack of any type of characterization, even for those characters who play a larger role, such as Lotte and her husband Albert. At first, I found it difficult to engage with the novel because of this but, upon reflection, I realize the necessity. After all, this novel is about Werther’s state of mind, so the development of any other character would largely detract from the work’s purpose. In addition to this distraction, one must also realize that Werther is a rather arrogant, self-centered person, who is not very concerned about anybody else (even Lotte, when it comes down to it). Werther is entirely engrossed in his own pleasures, his own happiness, and his own despairs; thus, to focus even for a moment on anyone else’s personality or achievements would decrease the importance that Goethe had been placing on Werther’s own self-involvement. The Bad:The novel closes by introducing a rather omniscient “Narrator,” who is not to be mistaken for Goethe’s narrator (this can also be a bit tricky throughout the novel, when “narrator comments” are footnoted). The Narrator seems to be viewing things from the outside, to be evaluating Werther’s life and letters as a bystander, a researcher; however, he does also seem to have some connection to the characters, some insight into their emotions and actions. Does this make him unreliable? Perhaps. I also find the act of introducing a portion of the book as belonging to the Narrator, and including that Narrator suddenly into the plot-line not just unreliable but also distracting. While having the Narrator there to explain some of Werther’s actions and emotions, to guide the reader through Werther’s final days, rather than have Werther write them in letters per usual (and this may have seemed more appropriate to Werther as, when one is ending one’s life, does one really write a letter about all the actions he is taking, all the steps covered, tasks completed? ) is probably necessary, I found it a harsh break from the rest of the novel and, at the point where I would most liked to have been connecting with the main character, I felt most separated. I did also find the many pages devoted to Ossian’s poem (Werther reading the translation to Lotte) indulgent and unnecessary. Finally, though I understand and partially agree with the under-development of the other characters, I also believe this could have been a rich novel and a gripping story, equally honest to mental torment as this novel, had the plot and characters been more flushed out. Final Verdict: 3.5/5.0It is difficult for me not to give this novel a better rating, because I know I am supposed to love it. Still, I found faults, the main problem being that I could not really connect with the story because the majority of its format was guarded, and the final chapter was such a break from the rest that I felt displaced when I could have begun to surrender. The Sorrows of Young Werther did have its positives, though. I appreciated the subject matter, especially coming from an author in the late-1700s. Goethe seemed truly concerned with mental disturbances and depression; he was taking the disease seriously and not just allowing his character to be played off as “having passions.” Goethe, I think, understood that Werther’s “lost love” Lotte was not the true reason for his final descent and, for the close reader, this point comes across loud and clear. What was Goethe experiencing, I wonder, which allowed him or induced him to write this novel?
  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    I did not enjoy 'The Sorrows' as much as, I believe, the likes of Byron did. It is a romantic book, but so over-the-top by modern standards that I couldn't really get to grips with it very well. I'm just glad it didn't go on too long, or I might have struggled with a narrator obsessed with himself and with his passionate feelings.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    A sensitive youth and suffering artist, Werther is one of Goethe's greatest creations. The book is a bit dated but still evokes the power of emotion that captivated young readers when it was first published. This new translation by Burton Pike is excellent.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    I've read this book being aware of the fact that immediately after it was published in 1774 a "Werther" crisis began.Suicidal acts,broken hearts,painting,dressing styles.Everything was pointing toward Goethe's novel.It was very exiting to go through a such harrowing love story written in a masterfully style.Like all other classical texts it made me anxious and eager to find out what the next page had to offer.I remember even crying out loud a couple of times so in my case it was by no means a boring lecture.I'd recommend this book to anyone who thinks loving is easy and "pink".Take a look at love from a other(probably disturbing) point of view.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    I went into this book knowing virtually nothing about it. I remembered a vague reference to it from reading Frankenstein last year (the monster discovers and reads this book and relates strongly to Werther) but beyond that, and the general "sorrow" of the central character, I hopped in blind.The book is written in epistolary style with each letter being sent from Werther to his friend Wilhelm (a couple of the letters seemed addressed to his brother as well?). We never read any responses written to Werther but can sometimes infer the reactions from Wilhelm. Still, the core of the story is told in Werther's letters themselves.Because of the epistolary style, the narrative is a little 'jumpy' as it skips over time in between letters…sometimes a day or two, sometimes weeks or more. Some of the letters are very lengthy and pour out large segments of plot and action. Others are very short segments of exclamation or emotion. Sometimes even the longer letters don't advance the "plot" so much as provide insight into the thoughts and emotions of Werther.Through the letters, we follow Werther as he moves to the country and encounters a young girl named Lotte. He is immediately transfixed by her and professes undying love. She coyly allows his advances and it seems as though a romance may appear between them. Quickly we learn that Lotte is betrothed to another man named Albert. Werther is taken aback by this, but still persists in being close to Lotte with the hope of perhaps persuading her to love him. When the time comes, Lotte does marry Albert, much to Werther's dismay, but the three of them remain friendly. Werther visits them frequently and seems to hover incessantly over Lotte. He grows more and more jealous of Albert, which creates some tension in the group and Albert begins to leave the room when Werther comes to visit.Werther's obsession with Lotte grows more and more intense as time goes on. He battles with himself over the emotions he feels and writes his friend for advice, although it is very clear that Werther does not feel able to (nor does he desire to) make a break from Lotte and strive to love another. He does finally move away from Lotte and spends some time trying to move on with his life. He becomes more and more discontent in his work and more and more obsessed with returning to her. He finally does move back to live by them again. Albert is more offstandish and put off by Werther's presence. Werther continues to be insistent in his own mind (and sometimes to Lotte or Wilhelm) that there must be a way for her to love him. At the same time, he is emotionally conflicted because he knows she "belongs" to another man and he does not feel it is right to try and take her from him. She eventually tells Werther that he needs to stop coming around so often (he'd been visiting almost daily) but says that he's still a friend and should come by for Christmas as she's made him a gift.*** SPOILER ***Shortly after (the day after) Lotte tells Werther to back off a bit, he finds Lotte alone one night and again professes his love and pushes on her and kisses her passionately. She forces him off and tells him how wrong he's behaving. He's again in turmoil but does leave, though he announces (somewhat veiled) that she won't see him again…ever. He returns home and writes a few more notes in preparation of his suicide. He sends a note to Lotte and Albert to borrow their pistols for "a trip he's taking." Lotte realizes what's going on, but sends the pistols anyway. He shoots himself in the middle of the night and dies the next morning. He's buried without clergy, graveyard or cemetery.*** END SPOILER ***The presentation of love versus obsession is very interesting here and is very well done. You get a very good sense of the turmoil that Werther's going through…of the pain he's feeling as well as the desire he has but cannot fulfill. After reading the book, I looked up some info on it and found that it is actually fairly autobiographical. Apparently Goethe fell in love with his own Lotte who refused him and married another. He was obsessed for some time and found it hard to work or concentrate. There was a quote I read where Goethe indicates that he actually used Werther (and particularly the ending) to save himself [Goethe].The story itself is intriguing though not particularly entrancing. It's really the presentation of the mental anguish of Werther that makes this noteworthy to me. Getting into his head and participating in the psychology of obsessive love was really interesting. A lot of his language was actually very romantic and, had it been spent on someone more receptive, could have been very powerful in enhancing a romantic relationship. Parts of the read were a bit slow, but overall, it was a good read. ****4.5 out of 5 stars
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    To put it simply, Sorrows of Young Werther is about a young, impressionable artist who moves to a new, yet fictional town. He is enamored with his surroundings and shares his new-found joy with his friend, Wilhelm, through enthusiastic, vividly descriptive letters. For the first month the letters contain glorious accounts of the landscape, the sights, the sounds, and the people - everything around him. After that first month though, Werther's entire focus centers on a young woman he met at a party. It's obsession at first sight and he can think of nothing else but to be with her constantly. Unfortunately, Werther's affections are doomed as the object of his affection, Charlotte, is already engaged to be married to a "worthy" gentleman. In an effort to remain near to Charlotte, Werther befriends her husband-to-be. Things becomes complicated (as they also do in this kind of situation). Of course this love triangle cannot last and ultimately ends in tragedy.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    I find it hard to properly review a book that says ‘classics’ on the cover so I’ll only add that I liked reading about the destructive nature of passionate, one-sided love. It’s a perfect remedy to love can conquer all writing when you can see the pain and violence that often goes hand in hand with love.
  • Rating: 2 out of 5 stars
    2/5
    This book was OK, therefore not the most memorable and favourite book of mine, but for the sake of general knowledge worth of reading. I was somehow expecting more from Goethe, maybe more drama and action so to speak and this book kinda left me cold. Can't help but give the book only two stars.

Book preview

Os sofrimentos do jovem Werther - Johann Wolfgang Goethe

Rosto

Prefácio

Marcelo Backes

A literatura alemã divide-se em antes e depois de Werther. Se na lírica a Alemanha setecentista tinha Klopstock e no drama tinha Lessing,*[1] no romance ainda não havia produzido nenhuma obra viva, moderna, verdadeiramente atual. Se Klopstock dignificava a literatura com seus versos nobres e bem talhados, no teatro Lessing tornara-se um nome universal, conduzindo a dramaturgia alemã a alturas jamais vistas. No romance, contudo, ainda faltava o grande autor e, com ele, a grande obra. Antes de Werther, de Goethe...

Ao escrever Werther, em 1774, Johann Wolfgang Goethe (1749-1832) alcançava sua primeira obra de sucesso e, de quebra, dava início à prosa moderna na Alemanha e antecipava a entrada da Europa no romance oitocentista e burguês. Foi logo depois do Werther, também, que os alemães deram à Literatura Universal algumas de suas maiores obras, talvez o maior número delas, tornando-se uma das literaturas mais imponentes do mundo.

Werther não é, simplesmente, um romance em cartas assim como A nova Heloísa de Rousseau ou Pamela de Richardson, modelos deste tipo de romance antes da empreitada goetheana. Nessas obras, embora haja uma personagem principal nítida, são as missivas de vários correspondentes que forjam a narrativa. A obra de Goethe é – no entanto e muito antes – o romance de uma alma, uma história interior, que antecipa, inclusive, a opulência psicológica de Afinidades eletivas, uma das obras-primas do autor. O eu mostra-se tão forte, o sujeito se evidencia tão vigoroso no romance, que não permite a aparição escrita dos correspondentes e se assegura tão somente na sua própria opinião. Em Werther todas as cartas são escritas pelo herói e apenas emendadas por um suposto editor.

Guilherme, o destinatário das cartas, faz o papel do leitor, e Goethe conduz o romance de maneira magistral. Se Werther se dirige de maneira indireta ao leitor através de Guilherme, o editor-personagem – que intervém no início do livro para explicar a compilação das cartas, um punhado de vezes nas notas de rodapé e ao final, para arredondar a história – o faz de maneira direta. Ele interrompe para estipular fatos, esclarecer dúvidas e o faz de maneira objetiva – embora ame o personagem –, opondo-se à subjetividade fogosa da narração de Werther.

Tudo no romance é construído para afirmar o sujeito. As cartas de Werther o fazem – desta vez – de maneira direta. O amor do editor ao personagem, assim como a natureza em todo seu fulgor – a natureza ajusta-se, em sua beleza e fúria, à alma de Werther – o fazem de maneira indireta. E Werther torna-se, assim, o primeiro romance da História da Literatura Univeral em que um personagem vai em busca do absoluto através de suas próprias experiências e vivências íntimas neste mundo, através do amor ao próximo e do amor à natureza.

Em Os sofrimentos do jovem Werther há muito de autobiografia e uma boa dose de estranhas relações entre o romance e a vida real de seu autor e um círculo de amigos de Wetzlar, cidade alemã que Goethe habitava à época em que escreveu o livro. Goethe estava de fato apaixonado por Carlota (Charlotte) Buff, mulher de Johann Kestner. O autor manteve correspondência assídua com o casal, mesmo depois de publicado o livro, e chegava a afrontar a união dos dois com declarações – nem tão sutis – de amor, endereçadas a Charlotte. A primeira parte do romance é a história dessa paixão, o que é reconhecido pelo próprio Kestner (ver Adendo, ao final).

A segunda parte – e o desenlace – é a história e a tragédia de Karl Wilhelm Jerusalem. O moço também fazia parte do círculo de amigos e, apaixonado pela mulher dum outro membro do grupo (secretário Herd), teve a mesma sorte – sem tirar nem pôr quase nada – do Werther de Goethe. O interessante é que Goethe ficou sabendo da história do desgraçado através de uma carta do próprio Kestner – o marido de sua Charlotte –, que, por fatalidade, emprestara as pistolas a Jerusalem, a quem só tinha visto um par de vezes. Assim, Werther, que era Goethe, incorporou Jerusalem, para morrer como este e deixar o autor – também em transe de paixão – vivo. As pistolas, na realidade e na ficção, foram dadas por Kestner-Alberto. A história é intrincada e o escritor Theodor Fontane, um dos maiores romancistas alemães do século XIX, manifestou seu pasmo e sua admiração pelo fato de Goethe ter alcançado, com a junção de tantos elementos diferentes – da vida e da arte –, uma obra com tanta unidade e vigor.

Werther foi um testemunho de como a literatura tinha poder de agir na sociedade. Não foram poucos os suicídios atribuídos ao romance. O bispo, Lorde Bristol, chegou a acusar Werther de ser uma obra imoral, que levava os jovens a se suicidarem. Goethe respondeu-lhe, na lata, que se ele falava nesse tom do seu pobre Werther, com que tom deveria falar dos poderosos da terra. Com um traço de sua pena, eles mandam milhares de pessoas à guerra – onde estas se matam e se trucidam –, enquanto a própria Igreja agradece aos céus por isso e lhes entoa um Te Deum em louvor.

Goethe escreveu o romance em quatro semanas. Sempre se gabou de que Napoleão havia lido seu livrinho sete vezes e o carregava consigo em sua Biblioteca de Campanha. Quando o imperador francês encontrou o grande escritor alemão em 02 de outubro de 1808, disse: Eis um homem e o louvou por seus escritos, ao que Goethe, meio descontente pela invasão exitosa da França na Alemanha, respondeu de maneira lacônica, desconversando. Ao fim do colóquio, Napoleão convidou-o para visitá-lo em Paris. O reencontro jamais aconteceu.

O romance de Goethe é inusitadamente curto para os padrões da época – A nova Heloísa, por exemplo, tem oitocentas páginas. Werther é um fulgor, um raio atravessando o horizonte da Literatura Universal. Construído sobre um arcabouço quase dramático, os acontecimentos sucedem-se num crescendo quase martirizante, anunciando e preparando a catástrofe. Todos os acontecimentos que rodeiam o núcleo do romance entre Werther e Carlota – caracterizado pela sua unilateralidade trágica – são simbólicos e antecipam ou indiciam o comportamento do próprio Werther, justificando seu passo final. Altissonante na forma e dolorido na exposição de sua tragédia, o personagem ata o nó da nossa garganta por várias vezes, dói fundo no peito e invoca a solidariedade do sofrimento.

De sobra no romance, a beleza sintética de uma metáfora, que fez de um personagem secundário a pedra de Bolonha, o fulcro irradiante de um amor que toca mesmo sem estar presente. O trecho é aquele em que Werther manda seu criado à casa da amada Carlota apenas para, diz: ter junto de mim alguém que tivesse estado em sua presença. E continua: Com que impaciência o esperei, com que alegria tornei a vê-lo! Não tivesse vergonha e teria me atirado ao seu pescoço e coberto seu rosto de beijos. Logo vem a metáfora e a beleza é muita: Falam que a pedra de Bolonha, quando exposta ao sol, absorve os seus raios e reluz por algum tempo durante a noite. Dava-se o mesmo comigo e aquele rapaz. A lembrança de que os olhos de Carlota haviam pousado em seu rosto, em suas faces, nos botões de sua casaca e na gola de seu sobretudo, tornava-no tão querido, tão sagrado para mim! Naquele momento não daria aquele rapaz nem por mil táleres! Me sentia tão bem em sua presença...

Em sua intensidade plena de dor, o Werther jamais deixará de fazer-nos sentir o sobressalto diante daquilo que é irremediável. Exatamente como a pedra de Bolonha, Werther parece ter absorvido a paixão do mundo na dor criativa de um gênio, voltando a refleti-la, de novo e sempre, no instante da leitura. A obra corresponde, em sublime plenitude, ao mesmo amor que todos – pelo menos os que de fato o entendem: amor e Werther – um dia sentiram, sentem e sentirão.

Para terminar conforme o trecho de Goethe – que a altissonância reverente nesses assuntos vai bem, o ceticismo claudica e a literatura, ademais, é boa –, Deus te livre de rir disso, leitor!

Os Sofrimentos do Jovem

Werther

Tudo aquilo que me foi dado encontrar na história do pobre Werther, eu ajuntei com diligência e agora deposito à vossa frente, sabendo que havereis de me agradecer por isso. Não podereis negar vossa admiração e vosso amor ao seu espírito e ao seu caráter, nem esconder vossas lágrimas ao seu destino.

E tu, boa alma, que sentes o Ímpeto da mesma forma que ele o sentiu, busca consolo em seu sofrimento e deixa que o livreto seja teu amigo se, por fado ou culpa própria, não puderes achar outro mais próximo do que ele.

Primeira Parte

Aos 04 de maio de 1771.

Como estou contente de ter partido! Ah, meu amigo, o que é o coração humano! Deixar-te, a ti que eu tanto amo, de quem eu era inseparável, e estar contente! Sei que me perdoarás. Não estavam todas as minhas demais relações como que escolhidas pelo destino a fim de afligir um coração como o meu? A pobre Leonor! E contudo eu era inocente! Podia eu fazer algo se, enquanto o encanto teimoso de sua irmã me proporcionava tão agradável companhia, uma paixão se acendia em meu pobre coração? E todavia... serei eu totalmente inocente?[2] Não alimentei seus sentimentos? Não me deleitei com as sinceras expressões daquela criatura, expressões que tantas vezes nos fizeram rir, embora na realidade fossem tão pouco dignas de riso? Não fiz eu... Oh, o que é o homem, para se atrever a lamentar-se sobre si mesmo! Eu quero, dileto amigo, eu te prometo que quero corrigir-me, nunca mais haverei de, como sempre fiz, beber até a última gota os males que o destino nos reserva. Quero gozar o presente e o passado será passado para mim. É claro, caríssimo, que tu tens razão. As dores dos homens seriam menos agudas se eles não... Deus sabe por que eles são feitos assim! Se ocupar com tanta assiduidade da fantasia, chamar de volta a lembrança dos males passados, ao invés de tornar o presente suportável...

Tu és tão bom para comigo que, com certeza, não verás problema em dizer a minha mãe que estou tentando me ocupar da melhor forma possível dos negócios dela e que, em breve, haverei de lhe dar notícias a respeito de seu andamento. Falei com minha tia e nem de longe encontrei a mulher má que as pessoas tentam fazer dela. Ela é viva e impetuosa, dona do melhor dos corações. Expus-lhe as queixas de minha mãe sobre o fato de ficar com parte da herança, ela me deu suas razões, seus motivos e as condições segundo as quais está pronta a entregar-nos tudo, e inclusive mais do que nós reclamamos... Resumindo, não me agrada continuar escrevendo acerca disso; diga a minha mãe que tudo haverá de acabar bem. Neste insignificante negócio só fiz comprovar mais uma vez, meu caro, que os mal-entendidos e a indolência talvez causem mais enganos no mundo do que a esperteza e a maldade. De qualquer modo as duas últimas são, por certo, mais raras.

De resto estou me sentindo muito bem por aqui. A solidão destas campinas paradisíacas é um bálsamo delicioso para o meu peito, e essa época de juventude aquenta com toda plenitude meu coração tantas vezes tiritante. Cada árvore, cada moita é um ramo de flores, e a gente faria gosto em se transformar num besouro para esvoaçar nesse mar de perfumes e poder sugar todos os seus alimentos.

A cidade em si é desagradável, mas nos arrabaldes a natureza é de uma beleza indizível. Foi o que levou o falecido Conde de M... a plantar um jardim sobre uma daquelas colinas, que se sucedem umas às outras com tanta variedade, formando vales plenos de delícia. O jardim é simples, e logo à entrada a gente sente que o seu esboço não foi elaborado por um jardineiro que domina a ciência, mas por um coração sensível,[3] que ali queria deleitar-se e gozar-se a si mesmo. Alguma lágrima já consagrei a sua memória, num pavilhão arruinado que foi o seu lugarejo favorito e hoje é também o meu. Em breve serei o senhor do jardim; o jardineiro já simpatiza comigo tão-só pela convivência destes poucos dias e não achará mal se eu ficar por ali em definitivo.

10 de maio

Uma serenidade admirável domina minha alma inteira, semelhante à doce manhã primaveril que eu gozo de todo o coração. Estou tão só e minha vida é feita de alegrias por viver numa região que parece ter sido criada para almas como a minha. Estou tão feliz, meu amigo, tão mergulhado na sensação de minha calma existência, que a minha arte sofre com isso. Não poderia desenhar nada agora, nem sequer um traço, embora jamais tenha sido tão grande pintor quanto neste instante. Quando a bruma do vale se levanta a minha volta,[4] e o sol altaneiro descansa sobre a abóbada escura e impenetrável da minha floresta, e apenas alguns escassos raios deslizam até o fundo do santuário, ao passo em que eu, deitado no chão entre a relva alta, na encosta de um riacho, descubro no chão mil plantinhas desconhecidas... Quando sinto mais perto de meu coração a existência desse minúsculo mundo que formiga por entre a relva, essa incontável multidão de ínfimos vermes e insetinhos de todas as formas e imagino a presença do Todo-poderoso, que nos criou a sua imagem e semelhança, e o hálito do Todo-amado que nos leva consigo e nos ampara a pairar em eternas delícias... Ah, meu amigo, quando o mundo infinito começa a despontar assim ante meus olhos e o céu se reflete todo ele em minha alma, como a imagem de uma amada... Então suspiro profundamente e penso: Ah! pudesses tu voltar a expressá-lo, pudesses tu exalar o sentimento e fixar no papel aquilo que vive em ti com tanta abundância e tanto calor, de maneira que o mesmo papel pudesse se fazer o espelho de tua alma, como tua alma é o espelho do Deus infinito! Meu amigo! Mas vou ao chão ante isso, sucumbo ante o poder e a majestade dessas aparições.[5]

12 de maio

Não sei se erram por esta região espíritos da ilusão, ou se é a quente e celestial fantasia que se apossa do meu peito, fazendo com que tudo pareça tão paradisíaco ao meu redor. Logo ali, à entrada do lugar, há uma fonte, uma fonte à qual estou preso como Melusina[6] e suas irmãs. Ao desceres uma pequena colina e te achares diante de uma gruta, que desce por cerca de vinte degraus, verás a mais límpida das águas jorrar através do mármore. O pequeno muro, que faz a proteção pela parte de cima, as grandes árvores, que fazem sombra envolvendo o espaço, o frescor do lugar... tudo tem algo tão insinuante, tão estremecedor. Não passa um dia sem que eu descanse ali por uma hora. É ali que as moças da vila vêm buscar água, ocupação das mais inocentes e das mais necessárias, que outrora não era desdenhada nem pelas filhas dos reis.

Quando estou sentado ali a idéia do patriarcalismo vive de maneira tão intensa em mim, que fico a pensar como eles todos, os senhores de antanho, ali se conheciam e ali arranjavam casamento, numa época em que os espíritos benfazejos erravam em volta das grutas e fontes. Oh, jamais se refrescou à beira de uma fonte depois de uma penosa caminhada sob um sol ardente aquele que não é capaz de sentir o que estou sentindo!

13 de maio

Tu perguntas se deves enviar-me os meus livros... Meu caro, te peço pelo amor de Deus, deixa-os longe do

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