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    Earth Science
    Earth Science
    Earth Science
    Ebook31 pages25 minutes

    Earth Science

    By IntroBooks Team

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    About this ebook

    Both earth science and geo-archaeology are two very unique
    discipline of science which shares a lot of resemblances to each
    other. Although the supposed differences between these two
    endeavors continue to be discussed (e.g., Butzer, 1982; Rapp
    and Hill, 1998), here we are basically concerned with any
    subject that bridges the interface between the earth sciences
    and archaeology, with the earth sciences including a wide array
    of subjects, such as geomorphology, sedimentology,
    geochronology, stratigraphy, geochemistry, geo-physics and
    pedology.
    Among the earliest of the volumes on geoarchaeology was a
    collection of papers from a symposium titled "Sediments in
    Archaeology" held in England in the early 1970's [Shackley &
    Davidson, 76']. The papers from this groundbreaking effort
    were organized into themes that included Techniques, sediments
    of biological nature, Sedimentary Environments (coastal,
    lacustrine, and terrestrial environments).
    Although some of these articles were local in scope, those on
    methodology encompassed a number of techniques that
    included magnetic properties of sediments as applied to
    prospection, stratigraphy, petrography, phosphate chemistry, and
    cave sediments. A decade or so later, Rapp and Gifford (1985)
    produced a multi authored volume that was very much
    methodology oriented. It included a broad array of subjects and
    techniques and their applications to archaeological problems,
    including the following: geomorphology (including sedimentary
    elements), palynology, anthrools, geophysical surveying and
    archaeomagnetism, isotope and dating studies, and sourcing of
    materials.
     
    The first in the group of recently published scripts on this
    subject is by Waters (1992), which takes on a larger scale
    perspective, stressing geomorphology and site formation from a
    North American viewpoint. Geoarchaeology by Rapp and Hill
    (1998) covers most of the topics that are encompassed in
    modern geoarchaeological studies, ranging from field-based
    geomorphology/sedimentology as applied to laboratory
    techniques.
     
    Published at about the same time was Geological Methods for
    Archaeology by Herz and Garrison (1998), which considers with
    some detail geological techniques in archaeology from a variety
    of aspects: geomorphology, sediments and soils, dating
    techniques, site exploration, and artifact analysis. What struck us
    about these earlier collections- but less so with the most recent
    publications-is that articles tended to describe an earth science
    tech- nique used in archaeology, provide some theoretical
    background, and then discuss the results.
     
    What seemed to be typically lacking were explicit statements of
    a number of issues:
    (1) the type(s) of problem being solved;
    (2) why a particular technique (or techniques) was being
    applied in the first place;
    (3) why this technique was the most suitable to tackle this
    problem; and
    (4) the implications of the results to both the archaeological
    and the earth science communities.
     
    Any ramifications directed toward these groups were commonly
    left to the readers to figure out for themselves. We developed
    this script to avoid these shortcomings by making it as didactic
    as possible.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherIntroBooks
    Release dateNov 6, 2019
    ISBN9781393263876
    Earth Science

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      Book preview

      Earth Science - IntroBooks Team

      Earth Science

      IntroBooks #362

      readintrobooks.com

      Copyright © 2017 IntroBooks

      All rights reserved.

      Preface

      Both earth science and geo-archaeology are two very unique discipline of science which shares a lot of resemblances to each other. Although the supposed differences between these two endeavors continue to be discussed (e.g., Butzer, 1982; Rapp and Hill, 1998), here we are basically concerned with any subject that bridges the interface between the earth sciences and archaeology, with the earth sciences including a wide array of subjects, such as geomorphology, sedimentology, geochronology, stratigraphy, geochemistry, geo-physics and pedology.

      Among the earliest of the volumes on geoarchaeology was a collection of papers from a symposium titled Sediments in Archaeology held in England in the early 1970’s [Shackley & Davidson, 76’]. The papers from this groundbreaking effort were organized into themes that included Techniques, sediments of biological nature, Sedimentary Environments (coastal, lacustrine, and terrestrial environments).

      Although some of these articles were local in scope, those on methodology encompassed a number of techniques that included magnetic properties of sediments as applied to prospection, stratigraphy, petrography, phosphate chemistry, and cave sediments. A decade or so later, Rapp and Gifford (1985) produced a multi authored volume that was very much methodology oriented. It included a broad array of subjects and techniques and their applications to archaeological problems, including the following: geomorphology (including sedimentary elements), palynology, anthrools, geophysical surveying and archaeomagnetism, isotope and dating studies, and sourcing of materials.

      The first in the group of recently published scripts on this subject is by Waters (1992), which takes on a larger scale perspective, stressing geomorphology and site formation from a North American viewpoint. Geoarchaeology by Rapp and Hill (1998) covers most of the topics that are encompassed in modern geoarchaeological studies, ranging from field-based geomorphology/sedimentology as applied to laboratory techniques.

      Published at about the same time was Geological Methods for Archaeology by Herz and Garrison (1998), which considers with some detail geological techniques in archaeology from a variety of aspects: geomorphology, sediments and soils, dating techniques, site exploration, and artifact analysis. What struck us

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