Thyroid Ultrasonography and Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy: A Practical Guide and Picture Atlas
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Thyroid Ultrasonography and Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy: A Practical Guide and Picture Atlas is a concise and visual reference for diagnostic ultrasonography and needle biopsy of the human thyroid gland. The book provides the reader essential informatio
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Thyroid Ultrasonography and Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy - Bentham Science Publishers
Table of Contents
Welcome
Table of Contents
Title
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD.
End User License Agreement (for non-institutional, personal use)
Usage Rules:
Disclaimer:
Limitation of Liability:
General:
PREFACE
Introduction to Thyroid Ultrasound
Abstract
Anatomy of the Neck
Abstract
Ultrasound of the Normal Thyroid Gland
Abstract
Ultrasound of Nodular Thyroid Disease
Abstract
Thyroid Nodules – Low Suspicion of Malignancy
Thyroid Nodules: Intermediate to High Suspicion of Malignancy
Ultrasound of Cervical Lymph Nodes
Abstract
Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy
Abstract
Clinical Management of Thyroid Nodules
Abstract
Ultrasound in Thyroid Cancer Surveillance
Abstract
Ultrasound in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
Abstract
Ultrasound of Parathyroid Glands
Abstract
Percutaneous Ethanol Injection
Abstract
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS
REFERENCES
Thyroid Ultrasonography and
Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy:
A Practical Guide and Picture
Atlas
Authored by
Samer El-Kaissi
Medical Subspecialties Institute, Endocrine Unit Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi,
Al Maryah Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
&
Jack R Wall
The University of Sydney, The Bays Hospital, Mornington, Victoria, Australia
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD.
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PREFACE
Disorders of the thyroid and parathyroid glands are common and neck ultrasonography has stood the test of time and established itself as the primary imaging modality of not only the thyroid gland but also of the parathyroid glands and cervical lymph nodes. When clinically indicated, neck ultrasonography is invaluable and can be seen as an extension of the physical examination. It is performed in the office without any patient preparation and allows the physician to carry-out ultrasound-guided biopsies of anterior and lateral neck structures. Physicians who are not personally performing neck ultrasonography and ultrasound guided-procedures still need to be quite familiar with the ultrasound features of the normal and abnormal thyroid gland, parathyroid glands and cervical lymph nodes. This is particularly important as there is a wide variation in the standards of neck ultrasonography reporting.
The authors of this book are Endocrinologists with an interest in thyroid and parathyroid disorders, who have been performing neck ultrasonography and ultrasound-guided procedures of the neck for more than 15 years. When we set out to write this book, our aim was to provide a basic introduction to neck ultrasonography and to allow the reader to quickly search for relevant information about the ultrasound feature or condition in question. To aid with this task, we tried to include as many ultrasound images as possible and to limit the amount of text as we believe in the saying a picture is worth a thousand words
. This book would be a useful tool for endocrinologists, endocrine surgeons, cytopathologists, ultrasonographers and other health care workers with an interest in thyroid and parathyroid disorders. We would like to thank our family and friends who supported us with the writing of this book and hope that you enjoy it!
Samer El-Kaissi
Medical Subspecialties Institute,
Endocrine Unit Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi,
Al Maryah Island,
Abu Dhabi,
United Arab Emirates
E-mail: skaissi@hotmail.com
Introduction to Thyroid Ultrasound
Samer El-Kaissi, Jack R Wall
Abstract
Thyroid ultrasound has become an essential tool for the diagnosis of various thyroid disorders. It can be performed in the office during a medical consultation and is used to guide fine needle aspiration biopsies of the thyroid and cervical lymph nodes. Thyroid ultrasound waves are produced by piezoelectric crystals in response to electrical stimulation. These crystals also detect reflected incoming waves and produce a voltage that is used to construct an image. Beginning with A-mode imaging, thyroid ultrasound has evolved into inexpensive machines that produce high resolution two-dimensional B-images. Important properties of thyroid ultrasound waves that affect image quality and resolution include wavelength, propagation velocity, frequency, and acoustic impedance. Posterior shadowing, enhancement, and reverberation are common artefacts of neck ultrasonography and can be useful in defining certain features on ultrasound, such as posterior enhancement of cystic structures and the identification of colloid crystals in thyroid nodules due to reverberation. Colour Doppler and power Doppler help differentiate vascular structures in the neck, where power Doppler is more useful for smaller vessels.
Keywords: Acoustic impedance, Amplitude, Attenuation, B-mode ultrasound, Colour Doppler, Compound spatial imaging, Enhancement, Image resolution, Propagation velocity, Piezoelectric crystals, Posterior shadowing, Power Doppler, Reverberation, Refraction,