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22.9


(
)

(.)

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1
2
3
4

1
4
6
19
20

1.1 (Hydrologic cycle)

1.2
1.3
1.4
2.1
3.1
3.2

3.3
3.4
3.5 Resistivity contour map
3.6 Resistivity profile map
3.7
3.8 2
Wenner
3.9 2
Wenner
3.10 2
Schlumberger
3.11
3.12

1
2
2
3
5
6
7
8
10
11
12
13
14
16
17
17
18

1.1
(Hydrologic cycle)
(Earth System) (Atmosphere)
(Hydrosphere)
(Lithosphere) (Hydrosphere)
(Earth System)
(Lithosphere) 10
(Atmosphere)

1.1 (Hydrologic cycle)

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Page1

1.2

(Aquifer)

1.2
22.9
76.5 0.6 ( 1.3)

1.3

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1.3
2
(Unconfined aquifer) (Water Table)
( 1.4)
(Confined aquifer)
( 1.4)
Confined Aquifer
(Piezometric water table)

Unconfined Aquifer

Confined Aquifer
water table

1.4

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Page3

2.1

2
2.1.1


-



-

(Anomally)
(Electrical Resistivity)


2.1.2


-

( 2.1)

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2 .1
-

. (Borehole Resistivity log)

(sesistivity log)
. ( Spontaneous Potential) (Natural Potential)

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 3

3.1
(Resistivity, )
(Resistance, R) (L)
(A)
(Conductivity) 3.1

3.1
3.1 (Resistivity, ) = (ohm meter)
(Resistance, R) = (ohm)
(Area, A) = (m2)
(Length, L) = (meter)





2
(1)

(2)

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Page6





102 108 ohm-m
10 104 ohm-m 3.2

3.2
( Todd, 1980)

4 2 (Current electrodes, CC) 2
(Potential electrodes, PP)
CC PP

( 3.3)

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 3.3
3.3
(Apparent resistivity,
a)


(True resistivity, )
3.2
(Electrode configuration Electrode array)
3
3.2.1 (Wenner configuration)
( 3.4) (Apparent Resistivity, a)
a = 2a(V/I)
a =
a =
V =

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I =
Wenner configuration

3.2.2 (Schlumberger configuration) L CC
b PP L 5 b
(L 5b) ( 3.4) (a)
2

a = (L/2)

(b/2)2 V
b
I

a =

b =
L =
V =
I =
Schlumberger configuration

3.2.3 - (Dipole-dipole configuration) CC = PP = a
CC PP na ( 3.4) (a)

a = n(n+1)(n+2)a (V/I)

a =

a =
V =
I =
n = factor number of spacing ; 1 , 2 , 3 ,
Dipole - dipole configuration

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 3.4
2

(Horizontal profiling method)
(Vertical depth sounding method)
(1) (Horizontal profiling method)
(Stations)
(Electrode spacing)
Wenner Schlumberger configuration

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(Resistivity contour) Resistivity contour map ( 3.5)

Resistivity profile ( 3.6)

(2) (Vertical depth sounding)

(Survey line)
(Electrode configuration)
(Electrode spacing)

3.5 Resistivity contour map ( Fetter,2001)

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 3.6 Resistivity profile map ( Todd,1980)

(a)




( 3.7)

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Page12

 3.7
(a)
()
Master curves

Wenner Master curves Mooney and

Wetzel (1956) Master curves 2,400
2, 3 4 (Layers) 2 ( 3.8)
(1) (a) (a)
(Log-log scale) Log-scale Master curve Field curve
(2) Field curve Master curve Field curve Master curve
()
(3) (Reference axis) Master curve Field curve
(1)

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(4) Master curve Field curve

(h1)
(5) K (Resistivity coefficient) Master curve
(2)
K = 1 - 2
2 + 1

3.8 2
Wenner ( Mooney and Wetzel,1956)

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 3 ( 3.9)
(1) (a)
(Log-log scale) Log-scale Master curve
Field curve
(2) (Set) Master curve Field curve Field
curve Master curve Master curve ( )
()
(3) Master curve Field curve
1 (1)
(4) Master curve Field curve D2
(Interface) (h1)
(h2)
(5) D2 D1 ()
(h1) D1 : D2 Master curve
(6) 1 2 3 1 :

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: 3 Master curve

Page15

 3.9 3
Wenner ( Mooney and Wetzel,1956)

Schlumberger Master curves
Compagnic Generale de Geophysique (1963) Master curve 2 3 480
Wenner Field curve
(L/2)
2 3.10

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 3.10 2
Schlumberger ( Compagnic Generale de Geophysique, 1963)

3.11

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Page17

3.3 (3 .12)
- (Resistivity Meter)
-
-
-
-
- -
-

3.12

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Page18

4.1

4.2


(Safe yield)

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Page19


. .
. : , 2527.
. GROUNDWATER. 1. :
, 2535.
Chiangmai University. Groundwater_08. []. : http://it.geol.science.cmu.ac.th/gs/
courseware/groundwater/documents/Groundwater_08.pdf. ( : 5 2554).
Earth System. DC Resistivity. []. : http://www.earthsys.com. ( :
5 2554).
Geophysical Institute. Resistivity surveys. []. : http://www.aeic.alaska.edu/input/
west/proj/introgeophys/17_resistivity_surveys/index.html. ( : 4 2554).
The University of Melbourne. It's Resistivity, not Resistance. []. : http://www.

earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/ES304/MODULES/RES/NOTES/resistivity.html. ( : 5
2554).

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