Chapter 01

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ql\li2078\sb0\sl-644\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2078\sb256\sl-644\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs56 Chapter 1 \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0
\sl-640\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\ri2902\sb120\sl-640\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs56 Overview and Descriptive \line \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex98 Statistics \par\pard\ql \li4656\sb0\sl-414\slmult0 \par\pard\
ql\li4656\sb373\sl-414\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex95 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f
7\fs36 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb302\sl-322\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs28 Section 1.1 \par\pard\li2
073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb113\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2793 \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 1.\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscal
ex100 A well-defined collection of objects constitutes a __________ of interest.
\par\pard\li2073\sb228\sl-230\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\n
osupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER:\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 population\par\pard\li
2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2793\tx8232 \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2.\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Certain charact
eristics of the objects in a population may be\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\chars
calex100 __________ such as type of\par\pard\li2073\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi720
\up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 malfunction or it may be __________ such as age o
f a graduating engineer.\par\pard\li2073\sb228\sl-230\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndt
w-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER:\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20
categorical, numerical\par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb1\
sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2793 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 3.\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\c
harscalex100 A __________ is any characteristic whose value may change from one
object to another in the\par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw2\charscalex100 population.\par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\s
b1\sl-230\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs2
0 ANSWER: \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 variable\par\pard\li2073\sb228\sl-230\slmu
lt0\fi0\tx2793 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 4.\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex10
0 __________ statistics involves summarizing and describing important features o

f the data.\par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb1\sl-230\slmult
0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER:\ul0\no
supersub\cf1\f2\fs20 Descriptive\par\pard\li2073\sb229\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx279
3 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 5.\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Techniques
for using sample information to draw dependable conclusions about the population
are\par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 gath
ered within the branch of statistics called __________ statistics.\par\pard\li20
73\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\c
harscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER:\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 inf
erential\par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\f
i0\tx2793 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 6.\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 An
__________ study is broadly defined as one that is not enumerative in nature.\pa
r\pard\li2073\sb228\sl-230\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosu
persub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 analytic\par\pard\ql \li6
343\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6343\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li634
3\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6343\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6343\
sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6343\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6343\sb
0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6343\sb23\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charsca
lex100 1 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmk
start Pg2}{\bkmkend Pg2}\par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2
073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb10\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\c
harscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 CHAPTER ONE \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb234\
sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs28 Section
1.2 \par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb2\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\
tx2793 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 7.\tab \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex100 The number of observations in a single sample, denoted by \
ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs20 n\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 , is referred to as the
__________.\par\pard\li2073\sb228\sl-230\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscal
ex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 sample siz
e\par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx27
93 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 8.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 In a stem-a
nd-leaf display, the __________ digit(s) is (are) the stem(s), whereas the _____
_____\par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 dig
it(s) is (are) the leaf (or leaves).\par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard
\li2073\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 leading, trailing\par\pard\li2073
\sb229\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2793 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 9.\tab \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex100 A __________ plot combines a time-series plot with a stem-and
-leaf display.\par\pard\li2073\sb230\sl-230\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-1\charsc
alex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 digidot\
par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2793
\up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 10.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 A __________
variable \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs20 x\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 almost resu
lts from counting, in which case possible values are 0, 1,\par\pard\li2073\sb0\s
l-228\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 2,\u8230?.. or some subset of
these integers.\par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb2\sl-230\sl
mult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \u
l0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 discrete\par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\l
i2073\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2792 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 11.\tab \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex100 The number of traffic citations a person received during
the last year is not an example of a\par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-228\slmult0\fi720 \u
p0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 __________ variable.\par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmu
lt0\par\pard\li2073\sb2\sl-230\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 continuous\par\pard\l
i2073\sb230\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2793 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 12.\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 A histogram is __________ if the left half is a mirror
image of the right half.\par\pard\li2073\sb229\sl-230\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndt
w-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs2
0 symmetric\par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb126\sl-
322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs28 Section 1.

3 \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb24\sl-230\slmult
0\tx2793 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 13. \tab \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 Just as \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 x\ul0\nosupersu
b\cf1\f2\fs20 represents the average value of the observations in a sample, th
e average of all values in \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb2\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw
-4\charscalex100 the population is represented by the Greek letter __________ .
\par\pard\ql \li2793\sb191\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nos
upersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 \par\pard\li2073\sb0\
sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb57\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2793 \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 14.\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Th
e median of the data set 8, 20, 18, 8, 9, 16, 10, and 12 is __________.\par\pard
\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndt
w-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER:\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20
11\par\pard\ql \li2073\sb216\sl-240\slmult0\tx2793 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex1
00 15. \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 A 5% trimmed mean would be computed by
eliminating the smallest__________% and the largest \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb1\sl
-215\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 __________% of the sample values, and
then averaging the remaining data values. \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-230\slmul
t0 \par\pard\ql\li2793\sb3\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nos
upersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER:\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 5,5 \par\pard\ql \li2073
\sb230\sl-230\slmult0\tx2792 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 16. \tab \up0 \expndt
w-2\charscalex100 If a sample of 100 computer owners reveals that 32 owned their
computer at least 3 years, then we \par\pard\qj \li2793\ri1370\sb19\sl-220\slmu
lt0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 might use __________ as a point estimate of the
proportion of all owners who have owned their \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 com
puter at least 3 years. \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2
793\sb2\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20
ANSWER:\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 0.32 \par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\pa
r\pard\li2073\sb16\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2793 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 17.\t
ab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 The __________, __________, and __________ are
the three most common measures of location.\par\pard\li2073\sb229\sl-230\slmult0
\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER:\ul0\nos
upersub\cf1\f2\fs20 mean, median, mode\par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \
par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \pa
r\pard\ql\li2073\sb105\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2
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\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li7857\sb10\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal
ex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 Overview and Descriptive Statistics \par\pard\
ql \li2073\sb234\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
7\f8\fs28 Section 1.4 \par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb2\sl
-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2793 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20
18.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 The simplest measure of __________ in a s
ample is the __________, which is the difference\par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slm
ult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 between the largest and smallest sample
values.\par\pard\ql \li2793\sb222\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER:\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 variability, rang
e \par\pard\ql \li6647\sb27\sl-161\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\no
supersub\cf13\f14\fs14 n \par\pard\li2073\sb37\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2844\tx6554\
tx6840\tx7144\tx7329\tx7461\tx7641 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf1\f2\fs20 19.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Sum of the deviations from th
e mean; namely\tab \dn7 \expndtw0\charscalex96 \ul0\nosupersub\cf16\f17\fs36 \u8
721?\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 (\t \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex63 \ul0\nosupersub\cf14\f15\fs24 x \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs
14 i\tab \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 \u8722?\tab
\up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf14\f15\fs24 x\tab \up0 \expndtw

-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 ),\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 is always __________.\par\pard\ql \li6595\sb52\s
l-161\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex93 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs14 i\ul0\n
osupersub\cf15\f16\fs14 =\ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs14 i \par\pard\ql \li2793\s
b21\sl-208\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANS
WER:\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 zero \par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pa
rd\li2073\sb21\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2792 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 20.\tab \
up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 The __________ __________ is always the positive sq
uare root of the variance.\par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb
1\sl-230\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20
ANSWER:\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 standard deviation\par\pard\li2073\sb228\sl
-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2793 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 21.\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 The sample variance of the data set 5,5,5,5, and 5 is __________.\pa
r\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \
expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER:\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f
2\fs20 zero\par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb61\sl-230\slmu
lt0\fi0\tx2792\tx4917\tx5128\tx5313\tx5498\tx5659\tx5995\tx6235\tx6417\tx6602\tx
7591\tx7821\tx8006\tx8188\tx8728 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 22.\tab \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 For a sample of size 4, if\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
0 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs24 x\tab \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex100 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf18\f19\fs24 \u8722?\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19
\f20\fs24 x\tab \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs24 =\ta
b \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 10,\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosup
ersub\cf19\f20\fs24 x\tab \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19
\fs24 \u8722?\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs24 x\
tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs24 = \u8722?8, and\
tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs24 x\tab \up0 \expn
dtw-9\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs24 \u8722?\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\ch
arscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs24 x\tab \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex100 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs24 = \u8722?6,\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\n
osupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 then the sample variance\par\pard\column \ql \li2073\sb0\s
l-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0\s
l-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb218\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex
100 is equal to __________.\par\pard\ql \li20\sb228\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER:\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20
72\par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li457\sb98\sl-161\slmul
t0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs14 2\par\pard\column
\ql \li2073\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\par
d\ql \li2073\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\par

d\ql \li2073\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb152\sl-161\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf17\f18\fs14 1\par\pard\column \ql \li207
3\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li207
3\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb152\sl-161\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\cha
rscalex100 2\par\pard\column \ql \li2073\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2073
\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2073
\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\s
b152\sl-161\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 3\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\
cols3\colno1\colw4212\colsr40\colno2\colw2670\colsr110\colno3\colw5078\colsr160\
ql \li2073\sb0\sl-189\slmult0\tx2788\tx3119\tx3374 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 23.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 If\tab \up0 \
expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs24 s\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\char
scalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs24 = \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 16 and\p
ar\pard\column \ql \li20\sb0\sl-216\slmult0\tx253\tx797 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs24 y\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nos
upersub\cf21\f22\fs24 = \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 3 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs24 x\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nos
upersub\cf21\f22\fs24 for all \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf23
\f24\fs24 i \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs24 = \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex100 1,2,...., \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f23\f24\fs24 n \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs24 ,\par
\pard\column \ql \li20\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 \ul0\nosu
persub\cf1\f2\fs20 then the sample variance of the \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\
fs20 y\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 \u8217?s is \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li

2073\sb0\sl-126\slmult0\fi1149\tx4358\tx4886 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\n
osupersub\cf22\f23\fs14 x\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 i\tab \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex100 i\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li2073\sb0\sl-180\slmult0\fi719 \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 __________.\par\pard\sect\
sectd\sbknone \li2073\sb137\sl-230\slmult0\fi719 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER:\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 144\par\pard\sect\
sectd\sbknone \li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\
tx2792 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 24.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 A measu
re of spread that is resistant to outliers is the __________ __________, which
is the\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li2073\sb0\sl-228\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex100 difference between the upper fourth and the lower fourth.\par\
pard\ql \li2793\sb225\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupers
ub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER:\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 fourth spread \par\pard\ql \l
i10612\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10612\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\l
i10612\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10612\sb20\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 3
bxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz60\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\s
v 20}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineW
idth}{\sv 7937}}
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ex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 CHAPTER ONE \par\pard\ql \li4336\sb218\sl-414\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex95 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs36 Multiple-Choice
Questions \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb242\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex10
0 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs28 Section 1.1 \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult
0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb4\sl-230\slmult0\tx2792 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 25. \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 When desired in
formation is available for all objects in the population, we have what is called
a \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb230\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 A. po
pulation \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb1\sl-217\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 B
. sample \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb13\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex10
0 C. census \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb1\sl-217\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex

100 D. stem-and-leaf display \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\
ql\li2793\sb3\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f
9\fs20 ANSWER: \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 C \par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0
\par\pard\li2073\sb12\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2792 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 26
.\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Which of the following are examples of a var
iable?\par\pard\ql \li2793\sb218\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 A.
Gender of a high school graduate \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb10\sl-230\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 B. Number of major credit cards a person has \par\pa
rd\ql \li2793\sb1\sl-217\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 C. Type of auto
mobile transmission \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb13\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\cha
rscalex100 D. All of the above \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb230\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\
f2\fs20 D \par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb1\sl-230\slmult0
\fi0\tx2791 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 27.\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
Which of the following statements are correct?\par\pard\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-220\sl
mult0 \par\pard\ql\li2793\ri1366\sb18\sl-220\slmult0\tx3153 \up0 \expndtw-2\char
scalex100 A. Color of ten automobiles recently purchased at a certain
dealership is an example of a \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 univa
riate data set. \par\pard\ql \li2793\ri1366\sb20\sl-220\slmult0\tx3153 \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 B. Height and weight for each basketball player on
Michigan State University team is an \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex
100 example of bivariate data set. \par\pard\ql \li2793\ri1367\sb20\sl-220\slmul
t0\tx3153 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 C. The systolic blood pressure, diastol
ic blood pressure, and serum cholesterol level for each \line\tab \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 patient participating in a research study is an example of multi
variate data set. \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb12\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\chars
calex100 D. None of the above statements is correct. \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb1\s
l-217\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 E. All of the above statements are
correct. \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2793\sb3\sl-230
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \ul0\
nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 E \par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb1
1\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2791 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 28.\tab \up0 \expndtw2\charscalex100 Which of the following statements are correct?\par\pard\ql \li27
93\sb219\sl-230\slmult0\tx8084 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 A. Probability rea
sons from the population to the sample \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
(deductive reasoning), whereas \par\pard\ql \li3153\sb10\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw-2\charscalex100 inferential statistics reasons from the sample to the po
pulation (inductive reasoning). \par\pard\ql \li2793\ri1367\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\t
x3153 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 B. Hypothesis testing and estimation by con
fidence intervals are the least important types of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\cha
rscalex100 inferential statistical procedures. \par\pard\ql \li2793\ri1358\sb0\s
l-220\slmult0\tx3153 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 C. In a probability prob
lem, properties of the population under study are assumed to be \line\
tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 unknown. \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb2\sl-217\slmul
t0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 D. In a statistics problem, characteristics of
a sample are assumed to be unknown. \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \pa
r\pard\ql\li2793\sb3\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 A \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0\sl230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-23
0\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\
slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\sl
mult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmu
lt0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult
0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb110\sl-230\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 4 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15
840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg5}{\bkmkend Pg5}\par\pard\ql \li7857\sb0\sl-230
\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li7857\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li7857\sb10\sl-230\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 Overview and D
escriptive Statistics \par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb6\sl
-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2791 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 29.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\ch

arscalex100 Which of the following statements are false?\par\pard\ql \li2793\sb0
\sl-220\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2793\ri1366\sb13\sl-220\slmult0\tx3153 \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex103 A. In enumerative studies, interest is focused on a finite,
identifiable, unchanging collection of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 i
ndividuals or objects that make up a population. \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb12\sl-23
0\slmult0\tx3153 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 B. \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscale
x100 \u8220?All companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange\u8221? is an exa
mple of a sample. \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb1\sl-217\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 C. A sampling frame is a listing of the individuals or objects to be s
ampled. \par\pard\ql \li2793\ri1368\sb21\sl-220\slmult0\tx3153 \up0 \expndtw-1\c
harscalex100 D. "All possible yields (in grams) from a certain chemical reactio
n carried out in a laboratory" is \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 an exa
mple of conceptual or hypothetical population. \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-230\s
lmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2793\sb2\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0
\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 B \par\pard\ql \li20
73\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb152\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\c
harscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs28 Section 1.2 \par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230
\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb2\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2791 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscale
x100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 30.\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Which of
the following statements are correct?\par\pard\li2073\sb228\sl-230\slmult0\fi720
\up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 A. In general, a stem-and-leaf display based on
between 15 and 25 stems is recommended.\par\pard\li2073\sb63\sl-276\slmult0\fi72
0\tx4569\tx4812\tx7250\tx7423\tx7521\tx7720\tx8136\tx8361 \up0 \expndtw-2\charsc
alex100 B. The observation\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f19\f20\fs24 x\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs24 i
n any numerical data set\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\
f20\fs24 x\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs24 ,\tab
\up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs24 x\tab \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs24 ,....,\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charsc
alex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs24 x\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\n
osupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 is the smallest observation in\par\pard\li3153\sb0\sl-126\
slmult0\fi1504\tx7339\tx7627\tx8239 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf20\f21\fs14 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf24\f25\fs14 n\par\
pard\li3153\sb8\sl-216\slmult0\fi0\tx5788\tx6050 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 the set, whereas the observation\tab \up0 \expndtw-9\
charscalex74 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs24 x \ul0\nosupersub\cf24\f25\fs14 n\tab
\up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 is the largest.\par\p
ard\ql \li2793\ri1360\sb34\sl-220\slmult0\tx3153 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 C.
A quick way to obtain an informative visual representation of a numerical dat
a set is to \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 construct a stem-and-leaf di
splay. \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb12\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 D.
A stem-and-leaf display shows the order in which observations were obtained. \
par\pard\ql \li2793\sb1\sl-217\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 E. All of
the above \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2793\sb3\sl-23
0\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \ul0
\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 C \par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb
17\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2791 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 31.\tab \up0 \expndtw
-3\charscalex100 Which of the following statements are false?\par\pard\ql \li279
3\sb213\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 A. A time-series plot is a
graphical representation of the observations in a data set over time. \par\pard
\ql \li2793\ri1360\sb19\sl-220\slmult0\tx3153 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 B.
A dotplot is an attractive summary of numerical data when the data set is reaso
nably large or \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 there are relatively many
distinct data values. \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb12\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\
charscalex100 C. A dotplot gives information about location, spread, extremes,
and gaps in a data set. \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb1\sl-217\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3
\charscalex100 D. Multiplying a relative frequency by 100 gives a percentage. \
par\pard\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2793\sb3\sl-230\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \ul0\nosupersub\

cf1\f2\fs20 B \par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb16\sl-230\sl
mult0\fi0\tx2791 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 32.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 Which of the following statements are false?\par\pard\ql \li2793\ri1356\sb2
06\sl-240\slmult0\tx3153 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 A. A variable is continuo
us if its set of possible values either is finite or else can be listed in an \l
ine\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 infinite sequence in which there is a firs
t number, a second number, and so on. \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb1\sl-215\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 B. Continuous variables arise from making measurem
ents. \par\pard\ql \li2793\ri1367\sb21\sl-220\slmult0\tx3153 \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex100 C. The frequency of any particular observation of a discrete variabl
e \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs20 x\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 is the number of ti
mes \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 that value occurs in the data set. \
par\pard\ql \li2793\ri1363\sb20\sl-220\slmult0\tx3153 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex1
05 D. In theory, the relative frequencies should sum to 1.0, but in practice t
he sum may differ \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 slightly from 1.0 due
to rounding. \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb12\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex
100 E. None of the above. \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb230\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\f
s20 A \par\pard\ql \li10612\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10612\sb0\sl-230\s
lmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10612\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10612\sb0\sl-230\s
lmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10612\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 5
\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg6
}{\bkmkend Pg6}\par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\s
l-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb10\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex
100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 CHAPTER ONE \par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\
par\pard\li2073\sb6\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2791 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 33.\
tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Which of the following statements are correct?
\par\pard\ql \li2793\sb224\sl-230\slmult0\tx7332 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 A.
Constructing a histogram for continuous data \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex100 (measurements) entails subdividing the \par\pard\qj \li3153\ri1367\sb0\
sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 measurement axis into a suitable
number of class intervals or classes, such that each \up0 \expndtw-2\c
harscalex100 observation is contained in exactly one class. \par\pard\ql \li2793
\sb1\sl-193\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 B. The reaction time to a pa
rticular stimulus is an example of a discrete variable. \par\pard\ql \li2793\ri1
363\sb25\sl-220\slmult0\tx3153 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 C. Constructing a
histogram for discrete data is generally not different from constructing
a \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 histogram for continuous data. \par\
pard\ql \li2793\sb12\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 D. The total
area of all rectangles in a density histogram is 100. \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb230
\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER
: \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 A \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb230\sl-230\slmult0\tx2792
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 34. \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Which of t
he following statements regarding histograms are correct? \par\pard\ql \li2793\s
b0\sl-220\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2793\ri1360\sb19\sl-220\slmult0\tx3153 \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex100 A. A unimodal histogram is one that rises to a single peak
and then declines, whereas a bimodal \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 hi
stogram is one that has two different peaks. \par\pard\ql \li2793\ri1367\sb20\sl
-220\slmult0\tx3153 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 B. A unimodal histogram is po
sitively skewed if the right or upper tail is stretched out compared \line\tab \
up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 to the left or lower tail. \par\pard\ql \li2793\ri1
367\sb20\sl-220\slmult0\tx3153 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 C. A unimodal hist
ogram is negatively skewed if the left or lower tail is stretched out compared \
line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 to the right or upper tail. \par\pard\ql
\li2793\sb12\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 D. A histogram is sym
metric if the left half is a mirror image of the right half. \par\pard\ql \li279
3\sb1\sl-217\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 E. All of the above \par\par

d\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2793\sb3\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\
fs20 E \par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb14\sl-230\slmult0\f
i0\tx2793 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 35.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 A
histogram that is negatively skewed is\par\pard\ql \li2793\sb216\sl-230\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 A. skewed to the right \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb10\s
l-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 B. skewed to the left \par\pard\ql
\li2793\sb1\sl-217\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 C. a histogram with
exactly two peaks \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb13\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex102 D. symmetric \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb230\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\
charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 B
\par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb132\sl-322\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs28 Section 1.3 \par\pard
\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb11\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2791 \up0 \
expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 36.\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\char
scalex100 Which of the following statements are false?\par\pard\li2073\sb210\sl276\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 A. A physical interpretation of
the sample mean \ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs24 x\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 dem
onstrates how it measures the location\par\pard\li2073\sb5\sl-230\slmult0\fi1080
\up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 (center) of a sample.\par\pard\li2073\sb40\sl-264
\slmult0\fi720\tx6115\tx6321 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 B. The sample media
n, represented by\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs2
4 x\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs24 %\ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf1\f2\fs20 is the middle value when the observations are ordered\par\pard
\li2073\sb16\sl-230\slmult0\fi1080 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 from smallest t
o largest.\par\pard\ql \li2793\ri1365\sb2\sl-220\slmult0\tx3153 \up0 \expndtw-1\
charscalex100 C. The sample median is very sensitive to extremely smal
l or extremely large data values \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 (o
utliers). \par\pard\ql \li2793\ri1366\sb20\sl-220\slmult0\tx3153 \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex100 D. The sample mean is very sensitive to extremely small
or extremely large data values \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 (outl
iers). \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2793\sb2\sl-230\sl
mult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \ul0\nos
upersub\cf1\f2\fs20 C \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li207
3\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\
sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb
0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\
sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb180\
sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 6
{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft7029\shptop10276\shpright7149\shpbottom10276\shpfhdr0\s
hpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz198\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}
{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn li
neWidth}{\sv 7937}}
ex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 Overview and Descriptive Statistics\par\pard\s
ect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw7488\colsr40\colno2\colw4572\colsr160\ql \li2
073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb6\sl-230\slmult0\tx2788 \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 37.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Which of the following
is not a measure of location?\par\pard\ql \li2793\sb228\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex103 A. The mean\par\pard\ql \li2793\sb1\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \e
xpndtw-1\charscalex100 B. The median\par\pard\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 C. The mode\par\pard\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-230\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 D. The variance\par\pard\ql \li2793\sb1\sl-230\slm
ult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 E. All of the above\par\pard\ql \li2793\sb22
8\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWE
R: \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 D\par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\par
d\ql \li2073\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\tx2786 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 38.\tab \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Which of the following statements are true?\par\pard\

ql \li2793\sb250\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 A. The population
mean \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs24 \up0 \expndtw-5
\charscalex100 and population median\par\pard\ql \li3153\sb47\sl-230\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 another.\par\pard\column
\ql \li7528\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li7528\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard
\ql \li20\sb236\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25
\f26\fs24 %\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 will not generally be equal to one \par\p
ard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li2793\sb1\sl-202\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex
100 B. There are four quartiles; they divide the data set into four equal part
s. \par\pard\ql \li2793\ri1356\sb24\sl-220\slmult0\tx3153 \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex100 C. A 10% trimmed mean would be computed by eliminating the smallest 5%
and the largest 5% \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 of the sample values
and then averaging what is leftover. \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb12\sl-230\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 D. All of the above. \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb230\sl-2
30\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \ul
0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 A \par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\s
b6\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2791 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 39.\tab \up0 \expndtw
-3\charscalex100 Which of the following statements are true?\par\pard\ql \li2793
\ri1359\sb224\sl-230\slmult0\tx3153\tx3153 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 A. Gen
erally speaking, using a trimmed mean with a moderate trimming proportion (betwe
en 5% \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 and 25%) will yield a measure that
is neither as sensitive to outliers as the mean, nor as \line \tab \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 insensitive as the median. \par\pard\ql \li2793\ri1362\sb0\sl240\slmult0\tx3153 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 B. When the data is catego
rical, a frequency distribution or relative frequency distribution \line\
tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 provides an effective tabular summary of the d
ata. \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb1\sl-193\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 C. W
hen the \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs20 n\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 observations
in a sample are ordered from smallest to largest, and \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs
20 n\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 is odd, then \par\pard\ql \li6019\sb43\sl-126\s
lmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf30\f31\fs12 th \par\pard\
li2793\sb0\sl-207\slmult0\fi359\tx5865\tx6215 \dn2 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0
\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 the sample median is the \ul0\nosupersub\cf27\f28\fs23 [
\t \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf29\f30\fs20 (\t \up0 \expndtw
-9\charscalex96 \ul0\nosupersub\cf31\f32\fs20 n\ul0\nosupersub\cf29\f30\fs20 +\
t \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf28\f29\fs18 1\t \up0 \expndtw9\charscalex91 \ul0\nosupersub\cf29\f30\fs20 ) /\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex1
00 \ul0\nosupersub\cf28\f29\fs18 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf27\f28\fs23 ]\tab \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf29\f30\fs20 ordered value.\par\pard\li2793
\sb28\sl-230\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 D. None of the above is
true.\par\pard\ql \li2793\sb1\sl-210\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 E.
All of the above are true. \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\
li2793\sb4\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\f
s20 ANSWER: \ul0\nosupersub\cf29\f30\fs20 E \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb230\sl-230\sl
mult0\tx2791 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 40. \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100
If in a categorical data situation we focus attention on a particular category
and code the sample \par\pard\qj \li2793\ri1360\sb19\sl-220\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 results so that a \u8220?1\u8221? is recorded for an individua
l not in the category, then the sample proportion of \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex1
00 individuals in the category is: \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\
pard\ql\li2793\sb2\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 A. larger than
the sample mean of the sequence of 1\u8217?s and 0\u8217?s \par\pard\ql \li2793\
sb10\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 B. equal to the sample mean
of the sequence of 1\u8217?s and 0\u8217?s \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb1\sl-217\slmul
t0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 C. smaller than the sample mean of the sequen
ce of 1\u8217?s and 0\u8217?s \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb13\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \exp

ndtw-3\charscalex100 D. the number of 0\u8217?s divided by the number of 1\u821
7?s \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb230\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0
\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \ul0\nosupersub\cf29\f30\fs20 B \par\pard\ql \li
10612\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10612\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li
10612\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10612\sb140\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs20 7 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw1
2240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg8}{\bkmkend Pg8}\par\pard\ql \li20
\sb10\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf29\f30\fs20
CHAPTER ONE \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb234\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs28 Section 1.4 \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb214\sl-230\s
lmult0\tx2793 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf29\f30\fs20 41. \t
ab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Which of the following is not a measure of vari
ability? \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb230\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
A. Variance \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb10\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 B. Standard deviation \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb1\sl-217\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 C. Mean absolute deviation \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb13\sl-230\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 D. Median \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb1\sl-217\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 E. All of the above \par\pard\ql \li2829
\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2829\sb3\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\chars
calex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \ul0\nosupersub\cf29\f30\fs20 D \pa
r\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb17\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2791
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 42.\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Which of the
following statements are true?\par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li20
73\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 A. The unit for the s
tandard deviation is the same as the unit for the data values.\par\pard\li2073\s
b62\sl-276\slmult0\fi720\tx5241\tx5412\tx5512\tx5709\tx6187\tx6457\tx7905 \up0 \
expndtw-2\charscalex100 B. The average deviation of\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charsc
alex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs24 x\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\n
osupersub\cf18\f19\fs24 ,\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19
\f20\fs24 x\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs24 ,...
..,\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs24 x\tab \up0 \
expndtw-7\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs24 from the mean\tab \up0 \ex
pndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs24 x\ul0\nosupersub\cf29\f30\fs
20 may be positive or negative.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw59
16\colsr40\colno2\colw6144\colsr160\ql \li5330\sb0\sl-126\slmult0\tx5613 \up0 \e
xpndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs14 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\chars
calex100 2\par\pard\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf29\f30\fs20 C. The average absolute deviation of\par\pard\co
lumn \ql \li354\sb0\sl-126\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf24\f25\fs14 n\par\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl-216\slmult0\tx1241 \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
rscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs24 x \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\no
supersub\cf18\f19\fs24 , \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\
fs24 x \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs24 ,....., \up0 \
expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs24 x\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\char
scalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs24 from the mean \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs24 x\ul0\nosupersub\cf29\f30\fs20 is always zer
o. \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li2073\sb0\sl-126\slmult0\fi3972\tx6333\tx7005
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs14 1\tab \up0 \expndtw2\charscalex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf24\f25\fs1
4 n\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li2073\sb0\sl-126\slmult0\fi1929 \up0 \expndtw2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf32\f33\fs14 2\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li2
073\sb0\sl-207\slmult0\fi720\tx3813\tx4166 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\no
supersub\cf29\f30\fs20 D. We use\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf25\f26\fs24 \u963?\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf29\

f30\fs20 (square of the lowercase Greek letter sigma) to denote the sample varia
nce.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li2073\sb134\sl-230\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \ul0\nosupersub\cf29\f30\f
s20 A\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb5
8\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2792\tx5272\tx5484\tx5668\tx5853\tx6376\tx6614\tx6799\tx6
983\tx7164\tx7372\tx7600\tx7785\tx7970\tx8889\tx9129\tx9312\tx9496\tx10024 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 43.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 For a sample o
f size 5, if\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs24
x\tab \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs24 \u8722?\tab \u
p0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs24 x\tab \up0 \expndtw-9\
charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs24 = \u8722?\t \up0 \expndtw-10\charsca
lex73 \ul0\nosupersub\cf33\f34\fs22 5 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs24 ,\tab \up0 \
scalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs24 \u8722?\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
sub\cf18\f19\fs24 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf33\f34\f
s22 9\t \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs24 ,\tab \up0 \
scalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs24 \u8722?\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
sub\cf18\f19\fs24 = \u8722?\t \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf33
\f34\fs22 7\t \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs24 ,and\t
ab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs24 x\tab \up0 \expnd
tw-9\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs24 \u8722?\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
rscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs24 x\tab \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex100 \ul
0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs24 = \u8722?\t \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex74 \ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf33\f34\fs22 2 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs24 ,\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf29\f30\fs20 then the\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2
\colno1\colw8063\colsr20\colno2\colw4017\colsr160\ql \li5361\sb0\sl-126\slmult0\
tx6477\tx7468 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf32\f33\fs14 1\tab
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 3\par\pard\ql
\li2793\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf29\f3
0\fs20 sample standard deviation is\par\pard\ql \li2793\sb226\sl-230\slmult0\tx3
148 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 A.\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 5.639\par
\pard\ql \li2793\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\tx3148 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 B.\tab
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 6.782\par\pard\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\tx314
8 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 C.\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 6.066\par\p
ard\ql \li2793\sb1\sl-227\slmult0\tx3148 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 D.\tab \u
p0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 6.305\par\pard\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pa
rd\ql \li2793\sb2\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \ul0\nosupersub\cf29\f30\fs20 B\par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0\sl-23
0\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb39\sl-230\slmult0\tx2743 \up0 \expndtw-2\charsc
alex100 44. \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Which of the following is used as
a divisor in the sample variance\par\pard\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pa
rd\ql \li2793\sb10\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 A. \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf31\f32\fs20 n\ul0\nosupersub\cf29\f30\fs20 +1\par\pard\ql \li2793\sb1\sl-23
0\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 B. \ul0\nosupersub\cf31\f32\fs20 n\par\
pard\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 C. n\ul0\nosup
ersub\cf29\f30\fs20 -1\par\pard\ql \li2793\sb1\sl-227\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex109 D. \ul0\nosupersub\cf31\f32\fs20 n\ul0\nosupersub\cf29\f30\fs20 -2\p
ar\pard\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb2\sl-230\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \ul0\nosupersub\
cf29\f30\fs20 C\par\pard\ql \li5884\sb0\sl-138\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li5884\sb12
3\sl-138\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf36\f37\fs12 2\p
ar\pard\column \ql \li932\sb0\sl-126\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf32\f33\fs14 4\par\pard\ql \li8172\sb0\sl-126\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \
li8172\sb0\sl-126\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li8172\sb0\sl-126\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \

li8172\sb0\sl-126\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li109\sb36\sl-126\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf34\f35\fs11 2\par\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl-180\slm
ult0\tx224 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf35\f36\fs20 s\tab \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf29\f30\fs20 , where \ul0\nosupersub
\cf31\f32\fs20 n\ul0\nosupersub\cf29\f30\fs20 is the sample size?\par\pard\sect
\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw2604\colsr160\colno2\colw9336\colsr160\ql \li207
3\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 45.\par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0\s
l-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb97\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscale
x100 8\par\pard\column \ql \li49\sb0\sl-189\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
0 Given that \ul0\nosupersub\cf31\f32\fs20 n\ul0\nosupersub\cf29\f30\fs20 =10,
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf41\f42\fs30 \u8721? \up0 \expndt
w-10\charscalex70 \ul0\nosupersub\cf40\f41\fs20 x \ul0\nosupersub\cf39\f40\fs12
i \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf38\f39\fs20 = \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf37\f38\fs18 25\ul0\nosupersub\cf38\f39\fs20 , and
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf41\f42\fs30 \u8721? \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf40\f41\fs20 x\ul0\nosupersub\cf39\f40\fs12 i
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf38\f39\fs20 = 512, then the sam
ple standard deviation is\par\pard\ql \li2764\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \l
i20\sb35\sl-230\slmult0\tx385 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 A.\tab \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 7.012\par\pard\ql \li20\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\tx361 \up0 \expndtw2\charscalex100 B.\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 6.704\par\pard\ql \li20\sb0
\sl-230\slmult0\tx359 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 C.\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\chars
calex100 7.067\par\pard\ql \li20\sb1\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex10
0 D.
None of the above answers is correct\par\pard\ql \li20\sb228\sl-230\slmu
lt0 \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \ul0\nosu
persub\cf38\f39\fs20 C
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ex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf38\f39\fs20 Overview and Descriptive Statistics\par\pard
\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw6640\colsr60\colno2\colw5400\colsr160\ql \l
i2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb25\sl-230\slmult0\tx2772 \up0 \e
xpndtw-2\charscalex100 46.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Which of the follow
ing statements are correct if\par\pard\ql \li2764\sb262\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex106 \ul0\nosupersub\cf43\f44\fs20 A. \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs
24 y \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs24 =\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs24 x\par\pard\
ql \li2764\sb48\sl-230\slmult0\tx3151 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf43\f44\fs20 B.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf35\f36\f
s20 y \ul0\nosupersub\cf46\f47\fs20 =\ul0\nosupersub\cf35\f36\fs20 x\ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf46\f47\fs20 + \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 5\par\pard\ql \li3227\sb76\s
l-138\slmult0\tx3607 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf47\f48\fs12
2\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 2\par\pard\column \ql \li2073\sb0\sl-230\sl
mult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb25\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf45\f46\fs20 y \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf44\f4
5\fs12 i \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf43\f44\fs20 = \up0 \exp
ndtw-8\charscalex70 \ul0\nosupersub\cf45\f46\fs20 x \ul0\nosupersub\cf44\f45\fs1
2 i \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf43\f44\fs20 + \up0 \expndtw2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf42\f43\fs18 5 \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf43\f44\fs20 \u8704?\ul0\nosupersub\cf45\f46\fs20 i \up0 \expndtw
-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf43\f44\fs20 = \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf42\f43\fs18 1,2, ... \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 ., \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex109 \ul0\nosupersub\cf45\f46\fs20 n\ul0\nosupersub\cf43\f44\fs20
? \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li2073\sb0\sl-180\slmult0\fi691\tx3139\tx3359\t
x3523\tx3727\tx3868 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 C.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf50\f51\fs20 s\t \dn2 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosu
persub\cf49\f50\fs12 y\tab \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f4
9\fs20 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf50\f51\fs20 s\t \dn
2 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf49\f50\fs12 x\tab \up0 \expndtw-7\c
harscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 +\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 5
\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li2073\sb8\sl-138\slmult0\fi1115\tx3573 \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf47\f48\fs12 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal
ex100 2\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li2073\sb0\sl-180\slmult0\fi691 \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 D.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\
cols2\colno1\colw3281\colsr40\colno2\colw8779\colsr160\ql \li3100\sb0\sl-180\slm
ult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf50\f51\fs20 s \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf49\f50\fs12 y\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb0\s
l-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 = \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf50\f51\fs20 s\ul0\nosupersub\cf49\f50
\fs12 x \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 + \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 25 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li2073\sb0\sl-180\slmult0\f
i691 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 E.
None of the above\par\pard\sect\sectd\s
bknone \li2073\sb97\sl-230\slmult0\fi691 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosu
persub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 B\par\pard\sect\sectd
\sbknone \li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb20\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx27
77\tx6700\tx6897\tx7058\tx7348\tx7600\tx7740\tldot\tx8306\tx8426\tx8548 \up0 \ex
pndtw-5\charscalex100 47.\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Which of the followi
ng statements are correct if\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f50\f51\fs20 y\t \dn2 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf49\f50\fs12 i\t
ab \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 =\tab \up0 \expnd
tw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf42\f43\fs18 2\t \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex63
\ul0\nosupersub\cf50\f51\fs20 x \ul0\nosupersub\cf49\f50\fs12 i\tab \up0 \expnd

tw-9\charscalex96 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 \u8704?\ul0\nosupersub\cf50\f51\
fs20 i\tab \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 =\tab \up
0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf42\f43\fs18 1,2, ...\tab \up0 \expn
dtw-4\charscalex100 .\ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 ,\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charsca
lex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf50\f51\fs20 n\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\no
supersub\cf48\f49\fs20 ?\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\
par\pard\li2073\sb56\sl-230\slmult0\fi691\tx3179\tx3333\tx3494 \up0 \expndtw-5\c
harscalex100 A.\tab \dn2 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf35\f36\fs20
y\tab \dn2 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf46\f47\fs20 =\tab \dn2 \ex
pndtw-5\charscalex100 2\t \dn2 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf35\f36
\fs20 x\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li2073\sb56\sl-230\slmult0\fi691\tx3155\tx3
309\tx3470 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 B.\tab \u
p0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf35\f36\fs20 y\tab \up0 \expndtw-7\
charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf46\f47\fs20 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100
4\t \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf35\f36\fs20 x\par\pard\sect\
sectd\sbknone \li2073\sb78\sl-138\slmult0\fi1154\tx3715 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf47\f48\fs12 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 2\par\pa
rd\sect\sectd\sbknone \li2073\sb0\sl-180\slmult0\fi691\tx3139\tx3360\tx3518 \up0
\expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 C.\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\c
harscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf50\f51\fs20 s\tab \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 2\t \up0 \expnd
tw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf50\f51\fs20 s\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\c
ols4\colno1\colw3040\colsr60\colno2\colw211\colsr20\colno3\colw131\colsr40\colno
4\colw8618\colsr160\ql \li2764\sb37\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 D.\par\pard\column \ql \li145\sb0\sl-108\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf49\f50\fs12 y\par\pard\ql \li109
\sb0\sl-108\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf47\f48\fs12
2\par\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl-144\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf50\f51\fs20 s \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf49\f50\fs12
y\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb37\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 =\par\pard\column \ql \li246\sb0\sl-108\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf49\f50\fs12 x\par\pard\ql \li111\sb
0\sl-108\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf47\f48\fs12 2\p
ar\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf50\f51\fs20 s\ul0\nosupersub\cf49\f50\fs12 x \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 + \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 4 \par\pard\sect\sec
td\sbknone \ql \li2764\sb157\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\n
osupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 A \par\pard\li2073
\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb15\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2793 \up0 \expndtw
-3\charscalex100 48.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Boxplots have been used s
uccessfully to describe\par\pard\ql \li2793\sb215\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1
\charscalex100 A. center of a data set \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb10\sl-230\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 B. spread of a data set \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb1
\sl-217\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 C. the extent and nature of any d
eparture from symmetry \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb13\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\
charscalex100 D. identification of \u8220?outliers\u8221? \par\pard\ql \li2793\
sb1\sl-217\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 E. All of the above \par\pard\q
l \li2793\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2793\sb23\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\
fs20 E \par\pard\ql \li10612\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10612\sb0\sl-230\
slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10612\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10612\sb0\sl-230\

slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10612\sb10\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf38\f39\fs20 9
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g10}{\bkmkend Pg10}\par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\s
b0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb10\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 CHAPTER ONE \par\pard\ql \li3439\sb218\sl414\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs36 Applied and
Computational Questions \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb242\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs28 Section 1.1 \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0
\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb4\sl-230\slmult0\tx2792 \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
arscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 49. \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
Give one possible sample of size 4 from each of the following populations: \par
\pard\ql \li2793\sb230\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 a. All dai
ly newspapers published in the United States \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb1\sl-217\slm
ult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 b. All companies listed on the New York Sto
ck Exchange \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb13\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
00 c. All students at your college or university \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb1\sl-2
17\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 d. All grade point averages of studen

ts at your college or university \par\pard\ql \li2733\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pa
rd\ql\li2733\sb3\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb10\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 a. Houston Chronicle, Des Moines Regist
er, Chicago Tribune, Washington Post \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb1\sl-217\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 b. Capital One, Campbell Soup, Merrill Lynch, Pulit
zer \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb13\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 c.
John Anderson, Emily Black, Bill Carter, Kay Davis \par\pard\li2073\sb1\sl-230\
slmult0\fi720\tx3153 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 d.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 2.58. 2.96, 3.51, 3.69\par\pard\li2073\sb230\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2792 \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 50.\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 A Southern St
ate University system consists of 23 campuses. An administrator wishes to make
an\par\pard\qj \li2793\ri1329\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 i
nference about the average distance between the hometowns of students and their
campuses. \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Describe and discuss several different s
ampling methods that might be employed. Would this be \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 an enumerative or an analytic study? Explain your reasoning. \par\pard\ql
\li2733\sb229\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\
f9\fs20 ANSWER: \par\pard\qj \li2733\ri1324\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 One could take a simple random sample
of students from all students in the California State \line \up0 \expndtw-3\char
scalex100 University system and ask each student in the sample to report the dis
tance from their hometown to \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 campus. Altern
atively, the sample could be generated by taking a stratified random sample by \
line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 taking a simple random sample from each of th
e 23 campuses and again asking each student in the \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charsca
lex100 sample to report the distance from their hometown to campus. Certain pr
oblems might arise with \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 self reporting of dis
tances, such as recording error or poor recall. This study is enumerative \lin
e \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 because there exists a finite, identifiable popu
lation of objects from which to sample. \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb220\sl-230\slmult
0\tx2792 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 51. \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 A M
ichigan city divides naturally into ten district neighborhoods.
How might a r
eal estate \par\pard\qj \li2793\ri1329\sb10\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\chars
calex100 appraiser select a sample of single-family homes that could be used as
a basis for developing an \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 equation to predict appr
aised value from characteristics such as age, size, number of bathrooms, \up0 \e
xpndtw-2\charscalex100 and distance to the nearest school, and so on? Is the st
udy enumerative or analytic? \par\pard\ql \li2733\sb230\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \par\pard\qj \li2733\ri
1358\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs
20 One could generate a simple random sample of all single family homes in the c
ity or a stratified \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 random sample by taking a
simple random sample from each of the 10 district neighborhoods. \line \up0 \ex
pndtw-2\charscalex100 From each of the homes in the sample the necessary variabl
es would be collected. This would be \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 an en
umerative study because there exists a finite, identifiable population of object
s from which to \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 sample. \par\pard\ql \li2073
\sb220\sl-230\slmult0\tx2793 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 52. \tab \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 An experiment was carried out to study how flow rate through a
solenoid valve in an automobile\u8217?s \par\pard\qj \li2793\ri1332\sb10\sl-230
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 pollution-control system depended on three
factors: armature lengths, spring load, and bobbin \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex
100 depth. Two different levels (low and high) of each factor were chosen, and
a single observation \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 on flow was made for each co
mbination of levels. \par\pard\ql \li2733\sb210\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 a. The resulting data set consisted of how many observations? \pa
r\pard\ql \li2733\sb10\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 b. Is this
an enumerative or analytic study? Explain your reasoning. \par\pard\ql \li2073
\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\s

b0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0
\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\s
l-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb110\s
l-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 10 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw1
2240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg11}{\bkmkend Pg11}\par\pard\ql \li
57\sb10\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs
20 Overview and Descriptive Statistics \par\pard\ql \li2733\sb230\sl-230\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \par\pard\ql
\li2793\sb1\sl-217\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f4
9\fs20 a. Number observations equal 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf51\f52\fs20 \u8901?\ul
0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf51\f52\fs20 \u8901?\ul0\nosupers
ub\cf48\f49\fs20 2=8 \par\pard\ql \li2793\ri1348\sb21\sl-220\slmult0\tx3153 \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 b. This could be called an analytic study because th
e data would be collected on an existing \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
process. There is no sampling frame. \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \
par\pard\ql\li2073\sb154\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosup
ersub\cf7\f8\fs28 Section 1.2 \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb214\sl-230\slmult0\tx2792 \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 53. \tab \up0 \expndt
w-2\charscalex100 The accompanying data specific gravity values for various wood
types used in construction . \par\pard\li3513\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li351
3\sb16\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx4233\tx4953\tx5673\tx6393\tx7113\tx7833\tx8553\tx927
4 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 .41\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 .41\tab \u
p0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 .42\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 .42.\tab \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 .42\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 .42\tab \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 .42\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 .43\tab \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 .44\par\pard\li3513\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx4233\tx4953\tx5673
\tx6393\tx7113\tx7833\tx8553\tx9273 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 .54\tab \up0 \
expndtw-2\charscalex100 .55\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 .58\tab \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 .62\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 .66\tab \up0 \expndtw2\charscalex100 .66\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 .67\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 .68\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 .75\par\pard\li3513\sb0\sl-230
\slmult0\fi0\tx4233\tx4953\tx5673\tx6393\tx7113\tx7833\tx8553\tx9273 \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 .31\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 .35\tab \up0 \expndtw-2
\charscalex100 .36\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 .36\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\cha
rscalex100 .37\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 .38\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charsca
lex100 .40\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 .40\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex1
00 .40\par\pard\li3513\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx4233\tx4953\tx5673\tx6393\tx7113
\tx7833\tx8553\tx9273 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 .45\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\char
scalex100 .46\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 .46\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal
ex100 .47\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 .48\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex10
0 .48\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 .48\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 .5
1\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 .54\par\pard\qj \li2793\sb0\sl-220\slmult0 \
par\pard\qj\li2793\ri1358\sb12\sl-220\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Cons
truct a stem-and-leaf display using repeated stems and comment on any interestin
g features \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 of the display. \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb
0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2793\sb22\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charsca
lex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \par\pard\qj \li2793\ri1357\sb0\sl-23
0\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 One method
of denoting the pairs of stems having equal values is to denote the stem by L, f
or \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8216?low\u8217? and the second stem by H, for
\u8216?high\u8217?. Using this notation, the stem-and-leaf display would \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 appear as follows: \par\pard\li5673\sb227\sl-230\slmul
t0\fi0\tx6095\tx8552 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 3L\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charsc
alex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 stem: tenths\par\pard\li5673\sb0\sl230\slmult0\fi0\tx8552 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 3H
56678\tab \up0 \expnd
tw-4\charscalex100 leaf: hundredths\par\pard\li5673\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx60
95 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 4L\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 0001122222
34\par\pard\li5673\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx6095 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 5
L\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 144\par\pard\li5673\sb0\sl-228\slmult0\fi0 \

up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 5H
58\par\pard\li5673\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx6
095 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 6L\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 2\par\par
d\li5673\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx6119 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 6H\tab \up0
\expndtw-4\charscalex100 6678\par\pard\ql \li5673\sb1\sl-209\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 7L \par\pard\ql \li5673\sb14\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-9\
charscalex94 7H 5 \par\pard\qj \li2793\ri1363\sb230\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-1\charscalex100 The stem-and-leaf display on the previous page shows that .45
is a good representative value for \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 the data. In
addition, the display is not symmetric and appears to be positively skewed. Th
e \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 spread of the data is .75 - .31 = .44, which is
.44/.45 = .978 or about 98% of the typical value of \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex10
0 .45. This constitutes a reasonably large amount of variation in the data.
The data value .75 is a \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 possible outlier. \par\par
d\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb6\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2792 \up0 \
expndtw-2\charscalex100 54.\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Temperature transd
ucers of a certain type are shipped in batches of 50. A sample of 60 batches\p
ar\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 was select
ed, and the number of transducers in each batch not conforming to design specifi
cations\par\pard\li2073\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 w
as determined, resulting in the following data:\par\pard\li2073\sb230\sl-230\slm
ult0\fi1440\tx3815\tx4118\tx4420\tx4722\tx5024\tx5326\tx5629\tx5931\tx6233\tx653
5\tx6838\tx7140\tx7442\tx7744\tx8046\tx8349\tx8651\tx8953\tx9255 \up0 \expndtw-2
\charscalex100 0\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 4\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charsca
lex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 3
\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1\tab \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 3\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 4\tab \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\cha
rscalex100 3\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex1
00 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 8\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 4\tab
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 5\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \e
xpndtw-2\charscalex100 3\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1\par\pard\li2073\sb0
\sl-228\slmult0\fi1440\tx3815\tx4118\tx4420\tx4722\tx5024\tx5326\tx5629\tx5931\t
x6233\tx6535\tx6838\tx7140\tx7442\tx7744\tx8046\tx8349\tx8651\tx8953\tx9255 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndt
w-2\charscalex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 4\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\char
scalex100 0\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex10
0 3\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 0\tab
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 5\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 3\tab \up0 \ex
pndtw-2\charscalex100 3\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\
charscalex100 3\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal
ex100 4\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 7\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 0\
tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 3\par\pard
\li2073\sb2\sl-230\slmult0\fi1440\tx3815\tx4118\tx4420\tx4722\tx5024\tx5326\tx56
29\tx5931\tx6233\tx6535\tx6838\tx7140\tx7442\tx7744\tx8046\tx8349\tx8651\tx8953\
tx9255 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 5\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 0\tab \
up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 3\tab \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\c
harscalex100 0\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 6\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscale
x100 4\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1\t
ab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 6\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 0\tab \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 3\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 3\tab \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 3\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 6\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\chars
calex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
3\par\pard\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-220\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2793\ri1344\sb13\sl-220
\slmult0\tx3153 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 a. Determine frequencies and rela
tive frequencies for the observed values of \ul0\nosupersub\cf50\f51\fs20 x\ul0\
nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 = number of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 no
nconforming transducers in a batch. \par\pard\ql \li2793\ri1325\sb20\sl-220\slmu
lt0\tx3153 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 b. What proportion of batches in the
sample has at most four nonconforming transducers? What \line\tab \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 proportion has fewer than four? What proportion has at least
four nonconforming units? \par\pard\ql \li10511\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\
li10511\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10511\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\
li10511\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10511\sb72\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w-4\charscalex100 11 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\
sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg12}{\bkmkend Pg12}\par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \p
ar\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb10\sl-230\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 CHAPTER ONE \par\pard\q
l \li2733\sb230\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8
\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \par\pard\ql \li2783\sb1\sl-217\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charsca
lex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 a. \par\pard\li3278\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\
pard\li3278\sb49\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx5839\tx7330 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
Number Nonconforming\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Frequency\tab \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 Relative Frequency\par\pard\li3278\sb15\sl-230\slmult0\fi933\
tx6206\tx7876 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 0\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
7\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 0.117\par\pard\li3278\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\fi9
33\tx6155\tx7876 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
00 12\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 0.200\par\pard\li3278\sb0\sl-230\slmult0
\fi933\tx6155\tx7876 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 13\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 0.217\par\pard\li3278\sb0\sl-229\slm
ult0\fi933\tx6155\tx7876 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 3\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
rscalex100 14\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 0.233\par\pard\li3278\sb1\sl-230
\slmult0\fi933\tx6206\tx7876 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 4\tab \up0 \expndtw-3
\charscalex100 6\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 0.100\par\pard\li3278\sb0\sl230\slmult0\fi933\tx6206\tx7876 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 5\tab \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 3\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 0.050\par\pard\li3278\sb1\
sl-230\slmult0\fi933\tx6206\tx7876 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 6\tab \up0 \exp
ndtw-3\charscalex100 3\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 0.050\par\pard\li3278\s
b0\sl-230\slmult0\fi933\tx6206\tx7876 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 7\tab \up0 \
expndtw-3\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 0.017\par\pard\li327
8\sb0\sl-228\slmult0\fi933\tx6206\tx7876 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 8\tab \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 0.017\par\pard\li
2073\sb33\sl-230\slmult0\fi5810 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 1.001\par\pard\li2
073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\fi921 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf50\f
51\fs20 The relative frequencies don\u8217?t add up exactly to \ul0\nosupersub\
cf48\f49\fs20 1because they\ul0\nosupersub\cf50\f51\fs20 have been rounded\par\
pard\li2073\sb228\sl-230\slmult0\fi719 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf48\f49\fs20 b. The number of batches with at most 4 nonconforming items i
s 7+12+13+14+6=52, which is a\par\pard\li2073\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi1019\tx4431\t
x8655\tx10612 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 proportion of\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\c
harscalex100 52/60=.867. The proportion of batches with\tab \up0 \expndtw-1
\charscalex100 (strictly) fewer than\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 4\par\p
ard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\fi1019 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 nonconforming
items is 46/60=.767.\par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb1\sl230\slmult0\fi0\tx2793 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 55.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex100 The number of contaminating particles on a silicon wafer prior to a ce
rtain rinsing process was\par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-228\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex100 determined for each wafer in a sample size 100, resulting in the
following frequencies:\par\pard\li3220\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li3220\sb33\
sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx5352\tx6749\tx8998 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Number of
particles\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Frequency\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 Number of particles\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Frequency\par\pa
rd\li3220\sb12\sl-230\slmult0\fi770\tx5721\tx7521\tx9314 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 0\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 8
\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 12\par\pard\li3220\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi770\t
x5721\tx7521\tx9364 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 9\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 4\
par\pard\li3220\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\fi770\tx5721\tx7471\tx9364 \up0 \expndtw-3\ch

arscalex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 3\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 10\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 5\par\pard\li3220\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi
770\tx5671\tx7471\tx9364 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 3\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
rscalex100 12\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 11\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 3\par\pard\li3220\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\fi770\tx5671\tx7471\tx9364 \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 4\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 11\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
arscalex100 12\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1\par\pard\li3220\sb0\sl-230\sl
mult0\fi770\tx5671\tx7471\tx9364 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 5\tab \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 15\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 13\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 2\par\pard\li3220\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi770\tx5671\tx7471\tx9364 \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 6\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 18\tab \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 14\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1\par\pard\li3220\sb0\s
l-228\slmult0\fi770\tx5671 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 7\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 10\par\pard\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2793\sb0\s
l-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2793\sb17\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 a. What proportion of the sampled wafers had at least two particles? At l
east six particles? \par\pard\ql \li2793\ri1347\sb19\sl-220\slmult0\tx3153 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 b. What proportion of the sampled wafers had between f
our and nine particles, inclusive? \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Stric
tly between four and nine particles? \par\pard\ql \li2733\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \pa
r\pard\ql\li2733\sb22\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupers
ub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \par\pard\ql \li2793\ri1366\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\tx3153\tx3
153 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 a. From this f
requency distribution, the proportion of wafers that contained at least two part
icles \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 is \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 (1
00-1-2)/100 = .97, or 97%. In a similar fashion, the proportion containing at le
ast 6 \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 particles is (100 - 1-2-3-12-11-1
5)/100 = 56/100 = .56, or 56%. \par\pard\ql \li2793\ri1360\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\tx
3153\tx3153 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 b. The proportion containing between
4 and 9 particles inclusive is (11+15+18+10+12+4)/100 = \line\tab \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 70/100 = .70, or 70%. The proportion that contain strictly be
tween 4 and 9 (meaning strictly \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\no
supersub\cf50\f51\fs20 more\ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 than 4 and strictly \u
l0\nosupersub\cf50\f51\fs20 less\ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 than 9) is (15+ 1
8+10+12)/100= 55/100 = .55, or 55%. \par\pard\li2073\sb224\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx
2792 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 56.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 The cumu
lative frequency and cumulative relative frequency for a particular class interv
al are the\par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100
sum of frequencies and relative frequencies, respectively, for that interval an
d all intervals lying\par\pard\li2073\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex100 below it. Compute the cumulative frequencies and cumulative
relative frequencies for the\par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \e
xpndtw-1\charscalex100 following data:\par\pard\li2073\sb228\sl-230\slmult0\fi14
39\tx4233\tx4953\tx5673\tx6393\tx7113\tx7833\tx8553\tx9273\tx9993 \up0 \expndtw1\charscalex100 75\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 89\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\char
scalex100 80\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 93\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex
100 64\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 67\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 72
\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 70\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 66\tab \
up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 85\par\pard\li2073\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi1440\tx4233
\tx4953\tx5673\tx6393\tx7113\tx7833\tx8553\tx9273\tx9993 \up0 \expndtw-1\charsca
lex100 89\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 81\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100
81\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 71\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 74\ta
b \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 82\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 85\tab \up0
\expndtw-1\charscalex100 63\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 72\tab \up0 \expn
dtw-1\charscalex100 81\par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\fi1440\tx4233\tx4953\t
x5673\tx6393\tx7113\tx7833\tx8553\tx9273\tx9993 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 81
\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 95\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 84\tab \
up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 81\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 80\tab \up0 \e
xpndtw-1\charscalex100 70\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 69\tab \up0 \expndtw
-1\charscalex100 66\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 60\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\cha

rscalex100 83\par\pard\li2073\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi1440\tx4233\tx4953\tx5673\tx6
393\tx7113\tx7833\tx8553\tx9273\tx9993 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 85\tab \up0
\expndtw-1\charscalex100 98\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 84\tab \up0 \expn
dtw-1\charscalex100 68\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 90\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\
charscalex100 82\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 69\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charsc
alex100 72\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 87\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex10
0 88\par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmul
t0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb225\sl-230\slmul
t0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 12
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alex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 Overview and Descriptive Statistics \par\p
ard\ql \li2793\sb230\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \par\pard\li3261\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li3261\sb35\s
l-230\slmult0\fi0\tx4646\tx6040\tx7463\tx9263 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0
\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 Class\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Frequency\tab
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Relative\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Cumulat
ive\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Cumulative\par\pard\li3026\sb1\sl-230\slmu
lt0\fi2925\tx7531\tx8949 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Frequency\tab \up0 \expnd
tw-1\charscalex100 Frequency\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Relative Frequenc
y\par\pard\li3026\sb15\sl-230\slmult0\fi26\tx5016\tx6194\tx7874\tx9547 \up0 \exp
ndtw-1\charscalex100 60 - under 65\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 3\tab \up0
\expndtw-1\charscalex100 .075\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 3\tab \up0 \expn
dtw-1\charscalex100 .075\par\pard\li3026\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\fi26\tx5016\tx6245\t
x7874\tx9547 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 65 - under 70\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\cha
rscalex100 6\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 .15\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscale
x100 9\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 .225\par\pard\li3026\sb0\sl-230\slmult0
\fi26\tx5016\tx6194\tx7824\tx9597 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 70 - under 75\ta
b \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 7\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 .175\tab \up
0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 16\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 .40\par\pard\li3
026\sb0\sl-229\slmult0\fi26\tx5016\tx6194\tx7824\tx9547 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscal
ex100 75 - under 80\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\char
scalex100 .025\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 17\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscal
ex100 .425\par\pard\li3026\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi26\tx4966\tx6245\tx7824\tx9547 \
up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 80 - under 85\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 12\
tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 .30\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 29\tab \
up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 .725\par\pard\li3026\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\fi26\tx5016
\tx6194\tx7824\tx9597 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 85 - under 90\tab \up0 \expn
dtw-1\charscalex100 7\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 .175\tab \up0 \expndtw-1
\charscalex100 36\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 .90\par\pard\li3026\sb1\sl-2
30\slmult0\fi26\tx5016\tx6245\tx7824\tx9597 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 90 - u
nder 95\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 .0
5\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 38\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 .95\par
\pard\li3026\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx5016\tx6245\tx7824\tx9597 \up0 \expndtw-1\
charscalex100 95 - under 100\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 2\tab \up0 \expnd
tw-1\charscalex100 .05\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 40\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\
charscalex100 1.0\par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-322\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb167\sl-32
2\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs28 Section

1.3\par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx
2793 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 57.\tab \up0 \e
xpndtw-1\charscalex100 Consider the following observations on shear strength of
a joint bonded in a particular manner:\par\pard\li2073\sb228\sl-230\slmult0\fi72
0\tx3614\tx4233\tx4953\tx5673\tx6393\tx7113\tx7833\tx8553\tx9273\tx9993 \up0 \ex
pndtw-2\charscalex100 30.0\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 4.4\tab \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 33.1\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 66.7\tab \up0 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 81.5\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 22.2\tab \up0 \expndtw-2
\charscalex100 40.4\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 16.4\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\c
harscalex100 73.7\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 36.6\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\cha
rscalex100 109.9\par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb1\sl-230\s
lmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 a. Determine the value of the sampl
e mean.\par\pard\li2073\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 b
. Determine the value of the sample median. Why is it so different from the m
ean?\par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 c.
Calculate a trimmed mean by deleting the smallest and largest observations. W
hat is the\par\pard\li2073\sb60\sl-276\slmult0\fi1080\tx8450\tx8702 \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 corresponding trimming percentage? How does the value of thi
s\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex75 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs24 x \ul0\nosupers
ub\cf24\f25\fs14 tr\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\f
s20 compare to the mean and\par\pard\li2073\sb22\sl-230\slmult0\fi1080 \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 median?\par\pard\ql \li2733\sb229\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb1
\sl-217\slmult0\tx7202 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs2
0 a. The sum of the n = 11 data points is 514.90, so \ul0\nosupersub\cf50\f51\
fs20 x \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 = 514.90
/11 = 46.81. \par\pard\ql \li2793\ri1308\sb36\sl-226\slmult0\tx3153\tx3153\tx315
3 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 b. The sample size (n = 11) is odd, so there wi
ll be a middle value. Sorting from smallest to \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\chars
calex100 largest: 4.4 \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 16.4 22.2 30.0 33.1
36.6 40.4 66.7 73.7 81.5 109.9. The sixth value, 36.6 is \line \tab \
up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 the middle, or median, value. The mean differs fro
m the median because the largest sample \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
observations are much further from the median than are the smallest values. \pa
r\pard\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-219\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 c. Deleting
the smallest (x = 4.4) and largest (x = 109.9) values, the sum of the remaining
9 \par\pard\li2073\sb40\sl-230\slmult0\fi1079\tx6626\tx6892 \up0 \expndtw-2\char
scalex100 observations is 400.6. The trimmed mean\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscale
x100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf50\f51\fs20 x\t \dn2 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf49\f50\fs12 tr\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49
\fs20 is 400.6/9 = 44.51. The trimming percentage is\par\pard\li2073\sb113\sl-2
76\slmult0\fi1079\tx4728\tx5030 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 100(1/11) = 9.1%.\
tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex78 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs24 x \ul0\nosupersub
\cf24\f25\fs14 tr\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs2
0 lies between the mean and median.\par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\
li2073\sb22\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2793 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 58.\tab \up0
\expndtw-1\charscalex100 A sample of 26 offshore oil workers took part in a sim
ulated escape exercise, resulting in the\par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-228\slmult0\fi72
0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 accompanying data on time (sec) to complete the
escape:\par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb2\sl-230\slmult0\fi
1250\tx4233\tx4953\tx5672\tx6392\tx7112\tx7832\tx8602 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex
100 373\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 370\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100
364\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 366\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 364\
tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 325\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 339\tab
\up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 393\par\pard\li2073\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi1250\tx42
33\tx4953\tx5672\tx6392\tx7112\tx7832\tx8602 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 356\t
ab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 359\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 363\tab \
up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 375\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 424\tab \up0
\expndtw-1\charscalex100 325\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 394\tab \up0 \exp
ndtw-1\charscalex100 402\par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\fi1250\tx4230\tx4952
\tx5672\tx6392\tx7111\tx7831\tx8601 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 392\tab \up0 \
expndtw-1\charscalex100 369\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 374\tab \up0 \expn
dtw-1\charscalex100 359\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 356\tab \up0 \expndtw1\charscalex100 403\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 334\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\ch
arscalex100 397\par\pard\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-220\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2793\ri135
1\sb10\sl-220\slmult0\tx3153 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 a. Construct a stemand-leaf display of the data. How does it suggest that the sample mean and \li
ne\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 median will compare? \par\pard\ql \li2793\s
b12\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 b. Calculate the values of th
e sample mean and median. \par\pard\ql \li2793\ri1348\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\tx3153\
tx3153 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 c. By how much could the largest time, cur
rently 424, be increased without affecting the value \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex103 of the sample median? By how much could this value be decreased wi
thout affecting the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 value of the sample
mean? \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 d.
What are the values of \ul0\nosupersub\cf50\f51\fs20 x\ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49
\fs20 and \ul0\nosupersub\cf50\f51\fs20 x\ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 % when
the observations are re-expressed in minutes? \par\pard\ql \li10511\sb0\sl-230\s
lmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10511\sb100\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1
3
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hpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz10001\shplid10001
{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 202}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\s
p{\sn fRecolorFillAsPicture}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fUseShapeAnchor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fL
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112\ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 c
x{\par}}}}\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg14
}{\bkmkend Pg14}\par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\
sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb10\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 CHAPTER ONE \par\pard\ql \li2733\sb230\sl-230
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \par\
pard\ql \li2793\sb1\sl-217\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf48\f49\fs20 a. A. stem-and-leaf display of this data appears below: \par\pa
rd\li4953\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li4953\sb18\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx5406\tx71
12 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 32\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 55\tab \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 stem: ones\par\pard\li4953\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx5
406\tx7112 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 33\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 49
\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 leaf: tenths\par\pard\li4953\sb0\sl-230\slmu
lt0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 34\par\pard\li4953\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\
tx5406 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 35\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 6699\p
ar\pard\li4953\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx5406 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 36\ta
b \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 34469\par\pard\li4953\sb0\sl-228\slmult0\fi0\tx5
406 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 37\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 03345\par
\pard\li4953\sb2\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx5406 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 38\tab
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 9\par\pard\li4953\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx5406 \u
p0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 39\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2347\par\pard\l
i4953\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx5406 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 40\tab \up0 \e
xpndtw-2\charscalex100 23\par\pard\ql \li4953\sb0\sl-225\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2
\charscalex100 41 \par\pard\li4953\sb7\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx5406 \up0 \expndtw-2
\charscalex100 42\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 4\par\pard\ql \li2793\sb0\sl
-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2793\sb4\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex10
0 The display is reasonably symmetric, so the mean and median will be close. \pa
r\pard\ql \li2793\sb230\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 b. The sa
mple mean is \ul0\nosupersub\cf50\f51\fs20 x\ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 = 963
8/26 = 370.7. The sample median is \ul0\nosupersub\cf50\f51\fs20 x\ul0\nosupers
ub\cf48\f49\fs20 % = (369+370)/2=369.50. \par\pard\ql \li2793\ri1325\sb8\sl-233\
slmult0\tx3153\tx3153\tx3153 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 c. The largest value
(currently 424) could be increased by any amount. Doing so will not \line\ta
b \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 change the fact that the middle two observations
are 369 and 170, and hence, the median will \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x100 not change. However, the value x = 424 can not be changed to a number les
s than 370 ( a \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 change of 424-370 = 54)
since that \ul0\nosupersub\cf50\f51\fs20 will\ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 lowe
r the values(s) of the two middle observations. \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb1\sl-217\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 d. Expressed in minutes, the mean is (37
0.7 sec)/(60 sec) = 6.18 min; the median 6.16 min.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\c
ols2\colno1\colw2573\colsr160\colno2\colw9367\colsr160\ql \li2073\sb0\sl-230\slm
ult0 \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb15\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 59.\
par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \
par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb79\sl-230\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs20 60.\par\pard\column
\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li80\sb15\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 A sample of \ul0\nosupersub\cf5
0\f51\fs20 n\ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 = 10 automobiles was selected, and ea
ch was subjected to a 5-mph crash test.\par\pard\qj \li80\ri1327\sb3\sl-228\slmu
lt0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Denoting a car with no visible damage by S (fo
r success) and a car with such damage by F, results \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
0 were as follows: S S S F F S S F S S\par\pard\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \p
ar\pard\ql \li80\sb1\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 a. What is t
he value of the sample proportion of successes \ul0\nosupersub\cf50\f51\fs20 x/n
\ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 ?\par\pard\ql \li80\sb6\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-1\charscalex100 b. Replace each S with a 1 and each F with a 0. Then ca
lculate \ul0\nosupersub\cf50\f51\fs20 x\ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 for this
numerically coded\par\pard\ql \li440\sb17\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\cha
rscalex100 sample. How does \ul0\nosupersub\cf50\f51\fs20 x\ul0\nosupersub\cf48
\f49\fs20 compare to \ul0\nosupersub\cf50\f51\fs20 x/n\ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49
\fs20 ?\par\pard\ql \li80\sb12\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 c.
Suppose it is decided to include 15 more cars in the experiment. How many of
these would\par\pard\ql \li440\sb0\sl-228\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
have to be S\u8217?s to \ul0\nosupersub\cf50\f51\fs20 x/n\ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f
49\fs20 = .80 for the entire sample of 25 cars?\par\pard\ql \li2733\sb0\sl-230\
slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb7\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0
\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER:\par\pard\ql \li80\sb0\sl-225\slmult0\tx446 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 a.\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 7/10 = .70\par\pard\qj \li80\ri3648\sb0\sl-259\slmult0\tx481 \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex100 b. \ul0\nosupersub\cf50\f51\fs20 x\ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f
49\fs20 = .70 = proportion of successes, \ul0\nosupersub\cf50\f51\fs20 x\ul0\no
supersub\cf48\f49\fs20 and \ul0\nosupersub\cf50\f51\fs20 x/n\ul0\nosupersub\cf4
8\f49\fs20 have the same value \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 c. \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 s\ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53
\fs20 / 25 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 = .80 so s = (0.80)(25) = 20 total of 2
0 successes\par\pard\ql \li491\sb1\sl-217\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
20 - 7 = 13 of the new cars would have to be successes.\par\pard\ql \li2733\sb0\
sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li80\sb2\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
00 Answer the following two questions:\par\pard\ql \li80\sb19\sl-230\slmult0\tx3
246\tx5233\tx5444\tx5672 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 a. If a constant \ul0\no
supersub\cf53\f54\fs20 c\ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs20 is added to each \up0 \ex
pndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 x \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex
100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf49\f50\fs12 i\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosup
ersub\cf52\f53\fs20 in a sample, yielding \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nos
upersub\cf53\f54\fs20 y\ul0\nosupersub\cf49\f50\fs12 i\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\chars
calex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs20 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex71 \ul0\n
osupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 x \ul0\nosupersub\cf49\f50\fs12 i\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs20 + \ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 c\ul0\
nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs20 , how do the sample mean\par\pard\ql \li440\sb70\sl-230
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 and median of the \up0 \expndtw-2\charsca
lex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 y \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf49\f50\fs12 i \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs20
\u8217?s relate to the mean and median of the \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul
0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 x \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf49\
f50\fs12 i \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs20 \u8217?s?

Verify your conjectures.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw7243\co
lsr60\colno2\colw4797\colsr160\ql \li2793\sb111\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex106 b. If each \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\f
s24 x \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf24\f25\fs14 i \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs20 is multiplied by a constant \ul0\
nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 c\ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs20 , yielding\par\pard\ql \
li3153\sb70\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Again, verify your conj
ectures.\par\pard\ql \li2733\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2733\sb6\sl-230\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER:\par\pa
rd\column \ql \li20\sb111\sl-230\slmult0\tx213\tx481 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex1
00 \ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 y\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf49\f50\fs12 i \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs20
=\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 cx \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf49\f50\fs12 i \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
\ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs20 , answer the question of part (a).\par\pard\sect\
sectd\sbknone\cols4\colno1\colw3497\colsr40\colno2\colw440\colsr40\colno3\colw11
87\colsr40\colno4\colw6876\colsr160\ql \li2793\sb194\sl-230\slmult0\tx3203 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 a.\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
53\f54\fs20 y \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf51\f52\fs20 =\par\
pard\column \ql \li20\sb1\sl-335\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosu
persub\cf54\f55\fs30 \u8721? \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf53\
f54\fs20 y \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf49\f50\fs12 i\par\par
d\ql \li174\sb18\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
53\f54\fs20 n\par\pard\column \ql \li196\sb1\sl-335\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\char
scalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf54\f55\fs30 \u8721? \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 \ul
0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs20 (\ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 x \up0 \expndtw-2\char
scalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf49\f50\fs12 i \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nos
upersub\cf51\f52\fs20 + \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\f
s20 c \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs20 )\par\pard\ql
\li20\sb0\sl-180\slmult0\tx1024 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
51\f52\fs20 = \tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 =\par\pard\ql \li549\sb0\sl-180
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 n\par\pard\
column \ql \li20\sb1\sl-335\slmult0\tx633 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nos
upersub\cf54\f55\fs30 \u8721? \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex71 \ul0\nosupersub\cf53
\f54\fs20 x \ul0\nosupersub\cf49\f50\fs12 i\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 nc\par\pard\ql \li464\sb0\sl-180\slmult0\tx889 \up0
\expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf51\f52\fs20 +\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\cha
rscalex100 = \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 x \ul0\
nosupersub\cf51\f52\fs20 +\ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 c\par\pard\ql \li169\sb
0\sl-180\slmult0\tx678 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 n\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\chars
calex100 n\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw5469\colsr60\colno2\colw
2346\colsr40\colno3\colw4195\colsr160\ql \li3208\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w-7\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf46\f47\fs20 %\ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs20
= the median of \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 ( \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 x \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf51
\f52\fs20 + \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 c \up0 \
expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs20 , \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal
ex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 x\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb0\sl-180\slmul
t0\tldot\tx623\tx963 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf51\f52\fs20
+ \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 c \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs20 ,...\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex1
00 ., \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 x\tab \up0 \ex
pndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf51\f52\fs20 + \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex1
00 \ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 c\ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs20 ) \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 = median of\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \e
xpndtw-2\charscalex100 ( \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\
fs20 x \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs20 , \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 x \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
\ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs20 ,....., \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf53\f54\fs20 x \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs20

) \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf51\f52\fs20 + \up0 \expndtw-9\
charscalex91 \ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 c \ul0\nosupersub\cf51\f52\fs20 =\ul0
\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 \ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs20 %\ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f
54\fs20 \ul0\nosupersub\cf51\f52\fs20 +\ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 c\par\par
d\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols5\colno1\colw3497\colsr40\colno2\colw443\colsr40\colno3
\colw1129\colsr110\colno4\colw303\colsr40\colno5\colw6528\colsr160\ql \li2793\sb
221\sl-230\slmult0\tx3203 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53
\fs20 b.\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 y \up0
\expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf51\f52\fs20 =\par\pard\column \ql \li
30 \u8721? \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 y \up0 \e
xpndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf49\f50\fs12 i\par\pard\ql \li174\sb16\s
l-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 n\par\
pard\column \ql \li908\sb0\sl-108\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nos
upersub\cf55\f56\fs12 1\par\pard\ql \li193\sb0\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf54\f55\fs30 \u8721? \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs20 ( \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
53\f54\fs20 x \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf49\f50\fs12 i \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex80 \ul0\nosupersub\cf51\f52\fs20 \u8901? \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 c \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\n
osupersub\cf52\f53\fs20 )\par\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl-180\slmult0\tx985 \up0 \expnd
tw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf51\f52\fs20 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscale
x100 =\par\pard\ql \li505\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 n\par\pard\column \ql \li195\sb0\sl-108\slmult0 \up0 \e
xpndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf55\f56\fs12 2\par\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf54\f55\fs30 \u8721?\pa
r\pard\ql \li120\sb4\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf53\f54\fs20 n\par\pard\column \ql \li798\sb0\sl-108\slmult0\tx2514\tx2759\tx
3323 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf49\f50\fs12 n\tab \up0 \exp
ndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf55\f56\fs12 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charsca
lex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf49\f50\fs12 n\par\p
ard\ql \li20\sb90\sl-138\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 i\par\pard\ql \li
20 = \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 cx\par\pard\sec
t\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5178\colsr20\colno2\colw6902\colsr160\ql \li320
8\sb0\sl-180\slmult0\tldot\tx4538 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex82 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f46\f47\fs20 %\ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs20 = \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 ( \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 cx \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs20 , \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\n
osupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 cx \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53
\fs20 ,...\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 ., \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 cx \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5
2\f53\fs20 ) \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf51\f52\fs20 =\par\p
ard\column \ql \li20\sb0\sl-180\slmult0\tldot\tx1667 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex1
00 \ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 c \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf52\f53\fs20 . median ( \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54
\fs20 x \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs20 , \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 x \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104
\ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs20 ,...\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 ., \up0 \e
xpndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 x \up0 \expndtw-2\charscale
x100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs20 ) \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupers
ub\cf51\f52\fs20 = \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex72 \ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs20 c\
ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs20 % \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li3780\sb0\sl-108\s
lmult0\fi0\tx4099\tx4838\tx6153\tx6398\tx7063 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0
\nosupersub\cf55\f56\fs12 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 2\tab \up0 \expndt
w-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf49\f50\fs12 n\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex
100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf55\f56\fs12 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 2\tab \up0
\expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf49\f50\fs12 n\par\pard\ql \li2073\sb
0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb16
8\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs20 14

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alex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs20 Overview and Descriptive Statistics \par\p
ard\ql \li2073\sb234\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf7\f8\fs28 Section 1.4 \par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb
2\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2793 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f5
3\fs20 61.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Calculate and interpret the values o
f the sample mean and sample standard deviation for the\par\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-2
30\slmult0\fi719 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 following observations on fracture
strength.\par\pard\li2073\sb229\sl-230\slmult0\fi719\tx3513\tx4233\tx4953\tx567
3\tx6393\tx7113\tx7833\tx8553\tx9273 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 128\tab \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex101 131\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 142\tab \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex101 168\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 87\tab \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex101 93\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 105\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex1
01 114\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 96\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 98\p
ar\pard\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb5\sl-230\slmult0\fi660 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER:\par\pard\li2733\sb27
\sl-230\slmult0\fi1879\tx5390 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf56
\f57\fs20 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols
3\colno1\colw4575\colsr40\colno2\colw381\colsr20\colno3\colw7094\colsr160\ql \li
2733\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\f
s20 The sample mean, \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf58\f59\fs20
x \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf56\f57\fs20 =\par\pard\column
\ql \li161\sb0\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex95 \ul0\nosupersub\cf59\
f60\fs30 \u8721?\par\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex
100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf58\f59\fs20 n\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb0\sl-180\slmult0
\tx589 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex71 x \ul0\nosupersub\cf57\f58\fs12 i \up0 \expn
dtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf56\f57\fs20 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-7\charscal
ex100 (1,162) \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 = \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0
\nosupersub\cf58\f59\fs20 x \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf56\f
57\fs20 = \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 116.2.\par\pard\ql \li346\sb0\sl-180\slm
ult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 10\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols4\colno1\c
olw5989\colsr20\colno2\colw336\colsr20\colno3\colw484\colsr20\colno4\colw5251\co
lsr160\ql \li5760\sb275\sl-345\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex95 \ul0\nosupers
ub\cf64\f65\fs30 \u8721?\par\pard\ql \li2733\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\
charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf56\f57\fs20 The sample standard deviation, \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf63\f64\fs20 s \up0 \expndtw-5\charsca
lex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf61\f62\fs20 =\par\pard\column \ql \li6009\sb0\sl-138\sl
mult0 \par\pard\ql \li6009\sb0\sl-138\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li118\sb33\sl-138\sl
mult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf60\f61\fs12 2\par\pard\ql

\li20\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex70 \ul0\nosupersub\cf63\f64\f
s20 x \ul0\nosupersub\cf62\f63\fs12 i \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf61\f62\fs20 \u8722?\par\pard\ql \li231\sb92\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4
\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf63\f64\fs20 n\par\pard\column \ql \li46\sb154\s
l-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf61\f62\fs20 ( \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf64\f65\fs30 \u8721? \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex64 \ul0\nosupersub\cf63\f64\fs20 x \ul0\nosupersub\cf62\f63\fs12 i\par\
pard\ql \li310\sb71\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf63\f64\fs20 n\par\pard\ql \li20\sb10\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf61\f62\fs20 \u8722?1\par\pard\column \ql \li6849\sb0\sl-13
8\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li95\sb20\sl-138\slmult0\tx1981 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscal
ex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf60\f61\fs12 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 2\par\pa
rd\ql \li20\sb0\sl-180\slmult0\tx1422 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf61\f62\fs20 )\tab \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 (1,162)\par\pard\ql \li560
\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 140,992 \up0 \expndtw-5\charsca
lex100 \u8722?\par\pard\ql \li272\sb0\sl-180\slmult0\tx1633\tx2159 \up0 \expndtw
-5\charscalex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 10\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\char
scalex100 = \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 25.75\par\pard\ql \li1275\sb0\sl-180\s
lmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 9 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li2073\sb17
5\sl-230\slmult0\fi659 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 On average, we would expect
a fracture strength of 116.2.
In general, the size of a typical\par\pard\sec
t\sectd\sbknone \li2073\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi659 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 de
viation from the sample mean (116.2) is about 25.75. Some observations may dev
iate from\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\fi659 \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex101 116.2 by more than this and some by less.\par\pard\sect\sect
d\sbknone \li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2073\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx27
93 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 62.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Consider th
e following data on bearing load-life (million revs.) for bearings of a certain
type when\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex101 subjected to a 9.56 kN load appeared:\par\pard\li4416\sb229\
sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx5136\tx5856\tx6576\tx7296\tx8016\tx8736 \up0 \expndtw-2\cha
rscalex100 14.5\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 66.3\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\chars
calex100 69.3\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 25.6\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charsca
lex100 52.4\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 69.8\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscale
x100 73.1\par\pard\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-220\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2793\ri1351\sb12
\sl-220\slmult0\tx3153 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 a. Calculate the values of
the sample mean and median. What do their values relative to one \line\tab \u
p0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 another tell you about the sample? \par\pard\ql \li2
793\sb12\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 b. Compute the values of
the sample variance and standard deviation. \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb230\sl-230\s
lmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \par\pa
rd\li2793\sb165\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx3652\tx3804\tx3959\tx4135\tx4384\tx4526\tx4
679\tx5318\tx5474\tx5642\tx6020\tx7334\tx7475\tx7632 \dn3 \expndtw-1\charscalex1
00 \ul0\nosupersub\cf61\f62\fs20 a. n =7,\tab \dn3 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf63\f64\fs20 n\tab \dn3 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\
cf61\f62\fs20 =\tab \dn3 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 7,\tab \dn6 \expndtw0\charscal
ex94 \ul0\nosupersub\cf59\f60\fs30 \u8721?\tab \dn3 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul
0\nosupersub\cf63\f64\fs20 x\tab \dn3 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f61\f62\fs20 =\tab \dn3 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 371, so\tab \dn3 \expndtw-5\cha
rscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf63\f64\fs20 x\tab \dn3 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 \ul
0\nosupersub\cf61\f62\fs20 =\tab \up9 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 371\tab \dn3 \exp
ndtw-5\charscalex100 = 53.0, whereas\tab \dn3 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 %\tab \dn
3 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 =\tab \dn3 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 66.3\par\pard\li3
153\sb0\sl-180\slmult0\fi2582 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 7\par\pard\li3153\sb1
3\sl-252\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 The fact that \ul0\nosupersub\
cf26\f27\fs24 x\ul0\nosupersub\cf61\f62\fs20 < \ul0\nosupersub\cf65\f66\fs24
\ul0\nosupersub\cf66\f67\fs24 %\ul0\nosupersub\cf61\f62\fs20 suggests that obs
ervations on the lower end of the sample are more\par\pard\li3153\sb9\sl-230\slm
ult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 stretched out than those on the upper end
(a longer lower tail than upper tail).\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols4\colno1\

colw3361\colsr20\colno2\colw1806\colsr40\colno3\colw1777\colsr40\colno4\colw5076
\colsr160\ql \li2793\sb140\sl-276\slmult0\tx3082 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 b
. \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf71\f72\fs30 \u8721?\par\p
ard\column \ql \li3381\sb0\sl-138\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li119\sb27\sl-138\slmult
0\tx1571 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf67\f68\fs12 2\tab \up0
\expndtw-1\charscalex100 2\par\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl-180\slmult0\tx256\tx1655 \up
0 \expndtw-9\charscalex70 \ul0\nosupersub\cf70\f71\fs20 x \ul0\nosupersub\cf69\f
70\fs12 i\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf68\f69\fs20 = \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 23,025.2, so \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf70\f71\fs20 s \tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf68\f69\
fs20 =\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb51\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex1
00 [23, 025.2 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \u8722? \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex10
0 (371) \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf67\f68\fs12 2 \up0 \expn
dtw-8\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf68\f69\fs20 / 7]\par\pard\ql \li848\sb55\sl
-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 6\par\pard\column \ql \li191\sb51\sl230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 3362.2\par\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl-180\sl
mult0\tx808 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 =
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 560.367 and\par\pard\ql \li416\sb0\sl-180\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 6 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li3187\sb0\sl-230\
slmult0\fi0\tx3607\tx4324\tx4483 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f70\f71\fs20 s\ul0\nosupersub\cf68\f69\fs20 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
560.367\tab \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 2
3.672\par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb54\sl-230\slm
ult0\tx2793 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 63. \tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100
The first four deviations from the mean in a sample of \ul0\nosupersub\cf70\f7
1\fs20 n\ul0\nosupersub\cf68\f69\fs20 = 5 reaction times were .6, .9, 1.0, and
\par\pard\qj \li2793\ri1350\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 1.5
. What is the fifth deviation from the mean? Give a sample for which these a
re the five \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 deviations from the mean. \par\pard\ql
\li2793\sb211\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\
f9\fs20 ANSWER: \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb1\sl-217\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal
ex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf68\f69\fs20 Let \ul0\nosupersub\cf70\f71\fs20 d\ul0\nosu
persub\cf68\f69\fs20 denote the fifth deviation. Then .6+.9+1.0+1.5+\ul0\nosup
ersub\cf70\f71\fs20 d\ul0\nosupersub\cf68\f69\fs20 = 0 or 4.0 + \ul0\nosupers
ub\cf70\f71\fs20 d\ul0\nosupersub\cf68\f69\fs20 =0, so \ul0\nosupersub\cf70\f71
\fs20 d\ul0\nosupersub\cf68\f69\fs20 =-4.0. One sample \par\pard\li2793\sb79\s
l-276\slmult0\fi0\tx5820\tx6072\tx6655\tx6926\tx7509\tx7780\tx8361\tx8630\tx9208
\tx9477 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 for which these are the deviations is\tab
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf73\f74\fs24 x\tab \up0 \expndtw2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf68\f69\fs20 = 4.6,\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charsca
lex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf73\f74\fs24 x\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\no
supersub\cf68\f69\fs20 = 4.9,\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\
cf73\f74\fs24 x\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf68\f69\fs20
= 5.0,\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf73\f74\fs24 x\tab \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf68\f69\fs20 = 5.5,\tab \up0 \expndt
w-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf73\f74\fs24 x\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex
100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf68\f69\fs20 = 0. (Obtained\par\pard\li5908\sb0\sl-126\sl
mult0\fi0\tx6758\tx7607\tx8464\tx9307 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf72\f73\fs14 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\char
scalex100 3\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 4\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex10
0 5\par\pard\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\no
supersub\cf68\f69\fs20 by adding 4.0 to each deviation; adding any other number
will produce a different sample with the \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-180\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 desired property). \par\pard\ql \li10511\sb0\sl-2
30\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10511\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10511\sb0\sl-2
30\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10511\sb163\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex1
00 \ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs20 15
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alex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf68\f69\fs20 CHAPTER ONE \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb230\sl230\slmult0\tx2793 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 64. \tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charsc
alex100 A sample of 20 glass bottles of a particular type was selected, and the
internal pressure strength of \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb1\sl-217\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 each bottle was determined. Consider the following partial
sample information: \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2793\
sb3\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Median = 202.2 \par\pard\ql \li
2793\ri3871\sb19\sl-220\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 lower fourth = 196
.0 \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Upper fourth = 216.8 \par\pard\li2793\sb0
\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2793\sb18\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx5673\tx6393\tx7113 \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf70\f71\fs20 Three smallest observat
ions\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf68\f69\fs20 125.8\tab \
up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 188.1\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 193.7\par\p
ard\li2793\sb0\sl-228\slmult0\fi0\tx5673\tx6393\tx7113 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscale
x100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf70\f71\fs20 Three largest observations\tab \up0 \expndtw2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf68\f69\fs20 221.3\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal
ex100 230.5\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 250.2\par\pard\ql \li2793\sb227\sl
-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Are there any outliers in the sample?
Any extreme outliers? \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb230\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 ANSWER: \par\pard\ql \li2793\sb1\sl217\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf68\f69\fs20 1.5(IQR)
= 1.5(216.8-196.0) = 31.2 and 3(IQR) = 3(216.8-196.0) = 62.4. \par\pard\ql \li2
793\sb13\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Mild outliers: observatio
ns below 196-31.2 = 164.6 or above 216.8+31.2=248. \par\pard\qj \li2793\ri2374\s
b0\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Extreme outliers: observations
below 196-62.4 = 133.6 or above 216.8+62.4 = 279.2. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charsc
alex100 Of the observations given, 125.8 is an extreme outlier and 250.2 is a mi
ld outlier. \par\pard\ql \li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-2
\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\s
lmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slm
ult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmul
t0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \
par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \pa
r\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\
pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pa
rd\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard

\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\q
l\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\
li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li
\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\s
b0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0
\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\s
l-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2073\sb131\sl230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 16 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24}

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0 __________ statistics involves summarizing and describing important features o

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