Math Computations: Speed of Basic Facts

APSY 656

Shawna Sjoquist

Basic Math Facts

Basic Math Facts: accuracy in counting, recognizing numerals, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, etc.

Basic Math Facts

Research
Areas Emphasized Links to Intelligence

Development of Basic Math Skills

Rapid Development
Rate of Skill Progression

Individual Level Factors

Performance Approach Orientation
Performance Avoidance Orientation

Classroom Level Factors

Automaticity
Practice

Goals
Fluency Proficiency

Prerequisite Skill
Parallel to Reading

Difficulties Related to Automaticity

Working Memory*
Processing Speed* Attention*

Spatial Skills
Reasoning Strategy Choice

Effective Instruction
Direct Instruction

Strategy Instruction

Direct Instruction
Breaking into small steps (Instructions/ Tasks) Probes Repeated Feedback Pictorial Representation Independent Practice/ Individually Paces Instruction Small Group Instruction Modeling Novel Materials

Strategy Instruction

Finger Counting (All, On) Verbal Counting (All, On) Retrieval* Decomposition*

Strategy Instruction - Mnemonics

Visuals
2 x 8 Two octopi each with eight legs

Rhymes
Commercial Products Pegword Strategy

Strategy Instruction - Manipulatives

Number line, blocks, fingers, etc. Pros
Accurate responses fluency math competence

Cons
Dependence
Speed

Practice
Required to build fluency Drill Practice Times Tables 1 Minute Timings Board Games Computer/ Web-based Activities Self Correcting Materials

Cover Copy Compare (CCC)

Originally developed to enhance spelling accuracy Process:
Sheet with target problems

Study problem and answer on left

Cover problem and answer Write the problem and answer on right

Uncover and evaluate response

move to the next problem re-write the correct response

Detect, Practice and Repair (DPR)

Three Phases
Detect Phase
Practice Phase Repair Phase

Commercial Products
Touch Math

Number Worlds

PALS (Math)

Commercial Products
Structured Arithmetic Math Blasters

Math Amigo

Kidspiration

References
Poncy, B. C., Skinner, C. H., & Axtell, P. K. (2010). An investigation of Detect, Practice, and Repair to remedy math-fact deficits in a group of third-grade students. Psychology in the Schools, 47(4), 342-353. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Kikas, E., Peets, K., Palu, A., & Afanasjev, J. (2009). The role of individual and contextual factors in the development of maths skills. Educational Psychology, 29(5), 541-560. doi:10.1080/01443410903118499 Lee, M. J., & Tingstrom, D. H. (1994). A group math intervention: The modification of cover, copy, ad compare for group application. Psychology in the Schools, 31(2), 133. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Poncy, B., Skinner, C., & Jaspers, K. (2007). Evaluating and Comparing Interventions Designed to Enhance Math Fact Accuracy and Fluency: Cover, Copy, and Compare Versus Taped Problems. Journal of Behavioral Education, 16(1), 27-37. doi:10.1007/s10864-006-9025-7 Zisimopoulos, D. (2010). Enhancing Multiplication Performance in Students with Moderate Intellectual Disabilities Using Pegword Mnemonics Paired with a Picture Fading Technique. Journal of Behavioral Education, 19(2), 117-133. doi:10.1007/s10864-010-9104-7 Essentials of Evidence-Based Academic Interventions (2009) by Barbara Wendling & Nancy Mather. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

References
www.citycreek.com http://www.clarku.edu/numberworlds/nw_PlusPup.htm http://www.mathsextra.com/ http://kc.vanderbilt.edu/pals/library/mathres.html http://www.touchmath.com/ http://www.knowledgeadventure.com/mathblaster/

http://www.mathamigo.com/
http://www.inspiration.com/Kidspiration