CTHB

The needs of the modern day oil industry dictate that a
professional and systematic approach is adopted when

planning and carrying out well intervention operations.
This requires using the latest technology combined with
experienced and dedicated personnel. Varco, having
recognized that the coiled tubing industry is both a vital and
growing technology, has formed the Coiled Tubing Products
Group to meet this emerging industrys equipment and service
needs.
With Varco coiled tubing systems proving themselves all over
the world every day, were meeting - and anticipating - the
diverse demands of some of the toughest operating
environments on earth.
The Coiled Tubing Products Group is an integral part of Varcos
mission to provide a complete range of premier oilfield products
and services around the world.
This handbook was assembled by the group with the intent of
providing the most comprehensive technical as well as nontechnical coiled tubing information to be found under one cover.
Coiled Tubing Products Group

The Coiled Tubing Products Group is a major force in the field of coiled tubing technology.
With a global market presence, we aim to not only meet, but exceed our customers'
requirements at all times.
Varco's CT Group of Companies | Enter the CT handbook
Click on the company name for additional information.

Manufacturing Locations
Texas Oil Tools
CTES, L.C.
P.O. Box 2327

Conroe, Texas 77305-2327 USA
Phone: (936) 756-2700
Fax: (936) 756-8102
email: totsales@varco.com
www.tot.com
9870 Pozos Lane

Conroe, Texas 77303
Phone: (936.521.2200
Fax: 936.521.2275
email: info@ctes.com
www.ctes.com
Hydra Rig
6000 East Berry Street
Fort Worth, Texas 76119
Phone: (817) 457-3825
Fax: (817) 457-3897 / 5237
email: hrisales@varco.com
www.hydrarig.com
Hydra Rig UK
Great Yarmouth, UK
Phone: 44.1493.748979
Fax: 44.1493748218
email: hruksales@varco.com
Hydra Rig Canada
Calgary
Phone: 403.279.6430
Fax: 403.279.7234
email: hrcsales@varco.com
Nitrogen Operations
Duncan, Oklahoma
Phone: 580.255.4433
Fax: 580.252.6664
email: hrnsales@varco.com
Regional Sales & Service Locations

Dubai
Phone: 971.4.3472468
Fax: 971.4.3472340
email: tbidubai@emirates.net.ae
Louisiana
Phone: 337.235.5935
Fax: 337.235.3739
email: fgauthier@varco.com
Singapore
No 4 Tuas Avenue 11
Singapore 639070
Phone: 65.861.6664
Fax: 65.861.7493
email: eot@eot.com.sg
Russia
Phone: 7095.431.4520/7095.432.8118
Fax: 7095.431.4520/7095.432.8118
email: g.polonsky@varco.com
Pressure Control Engineering

Holton Road
Holton Heath Trading Estate
Poole, Dorset, BH16 6LT UK
Phone: 44.1202.631817
Fax: 44.1202.631708
email: sales@pce.co.uk
www.pce.co.uk
Varco's CT Group of Companies
This is not a complete listing of all locations. Call for the location nearest you.
NEXT | BACK
Texas Oil Tools is the cutting edge in

technology and service.
Since its founding in 1978, Texas Oil Tools (TOT) has established itself
as one of the leading specialty manufacturers and suppliers of pressure
control equipment. During this period, TOT has expanded its range of
products to meet the dynamic demands of the industry.
A proven track record of excellence in design, manufacture and service
has gained TOT worldwide recognition as a leader in pressure control
products. We design and manufacture our products to the most stringent
standards. We are a licensed API manufacturer and we supply our
equipment to meet or exceed industry standards.
TOT designed equipment is available for the widest range of well
conditions and harsh environments including:
1.50" bore to 9.00" bore
Working Pressures to 20,000 psi
Service Temperatures from -50F, Arctic to 500F Geothermal
Certified Applications for NACE, North Sea Service, & API 6A/16A
TOT CT & Workover Equipment

BOP's: Single, Dual, Quad, Quint & Combi Ram Designs, Stripper Packers: Side Door,
Sidewinder, Conventional, Tandem Side Door, Over Under Quick Latches: Hydraconn,
Injector Connector, Quick Disconnect, Hydraulic Releasing Connector (JHS), Lubricators,
Hand Unions, Flanges, Flow Cross, Tubing Shear, Tubing Punch, Transport Lift Frames,
BOP's for Workover, Snubbing & CTD, Annular BOP's, Work Windows, Subsea Well
Intervention BOP's
NEXT | BACK
For precision engineered downhole tools

and completion equipment,
the name PCE says it all.
Based in Dorset (UK), Pressure Control
Engineering (PCE), is an innovative oilfield company specializing in the design
and manufacture of precision engineered,
downhole intervention and completion
equipment for the worldwide oil & gas industries.
Founded in 1985, PCE is accredited with
ISO-9001 certification, is QUASCO appraised by leading major oil companies
and is a VAM licensee. PCE is also approved by the majority of leading operation and service companies to design,
manufacture and supply a complete range
of downhole intervention equipment.
PCE's comprehensive range of over 100
slickline/electricline downhole service
tools has a worldwide reputation for quality and reliability. PCE has the perfect tool
for every slickline operation.
For the past eight years PCE has been at

the leading edge of world coiled tubing
tool technology. Many of PCE's pioneering flow activated tool designs have now
become the coiled tubing industry standard tools. With over 70 field-proven
coiled tubing tools, PCE has one of the
most comprehensive CT tool ranges available.
PCE's award winning Multi-Lateral ReEntry Completion System (MLR) is currently setting new standards in downhole
intervention technology. In 1996 PCE
were the first company in the world to design, manufacture and install a multi-lateral system which facilitates controlled
thru-tubing lateral branch re-entry using
coiled tubing. Today PCE leads the world
in this new technology, having successfully deployed 16 by mid-1998.
PCE Products
CT Service, Completion & Fishing Tools, CT Plugs & Nipples for Horizontal Well Bores,
CT Velocity String Systems, Wireline Service, Fishing & Mono Conductor Tools & ThruTubing Multi Lateral Re-entry Systems
NEXT | BACK
CTES delivers unrivaled extertise and field-proven

software and equipment to the
coiled tubing industry
Keep pace with the hottest coiled tubing industry developments and
technology with Coiled Tubing Engineering Services (CTES, L.C.), an
engineering consultancy specializing primarily in coiled tubing technology.
The CTES team combines the expertise and
talents of over twenty experienced engineers,
programmers and trainers, all of which are coiled
tubing industry specialists. CTES is focused on
providing
the
most
comprehensive technical
support and state-of-the-art
software and equipment
available in the coiled tubing
industry.
From job design to modeling
to equipment to training; our expertise optimizes
coiled tubing operations.
CTES Products & Services

Cerberus CT Modeling Software, Orion Data Acquisition Systems, Depth Measuring
Systems, Cable Installation Systems, CT Diameter Ovality Gauge, CT Operations
Support, Specialized CT Equipment Design & Development, Engineering & Marketing
Feasibility Studies, Comprehensive CT Training, Technical Writing Services
NEXT | BACK
Count on Hydra Rig: the world leader

in coiled tubing technology.
Based in Forth Worth, Texas since 1973, Hydra Rigs products and
services are recognized world wide for quality and performance. Today
Hydra Rig has manufacturing facilities in the USA, UK and Canada as
well as sales and service centers in Mexico and Dubai. No other
manufacturer can match this commitment to customer service.
Hydra Rig is the world's leading manufacturer of coiled tubing, nitrogen,
and snubbing equipment. With over 480 coiled tubing units, 290 nitrogen
units and 200 snubbing units in use worldwide, Hydra Rig equipment
meets the demand for rugged, dependable operation from the Tropics to
the Arctic.
Hydra Rigs dedication to quality and
continued research and development, along
with strong after-sales support, have kept
Hydra Rig in this leadership position for more
than 18 years.
Hydra Rig Products

CT Units, Nitrogen Pump & Vaporizer Units, Snubbing Units, Nitrogen Vessels &
Transports, Fluid Pumping Equipment, Automated Control Systems, Injectors, Reels,
Power Packs, Control Cabins, Nitrogen Systems, Cement Systems, BOPs & Closing
Units, Drilling Support Structures, Solids Control Equipment & Data Acquisition Systems
NEXT | BACK
Quality Tubing is the leader in

coiled tubing and pipe manufacturing.
Quality Tubing Inc., is a producer of high quality, high frequency induction
welded coiled steel pipe. At its mill in Houston, Texas, USA, headquarters,
the company manufactures carbon steel coiled tubing and pipe to exacting
specifications that are developed both in-house and from customer
requirements. The company also services all coiled tubing product at its
service centers worldwide, and provides technical assistance to its
customers.
QTI is committed to providing products and service expertise that meet
our customers' needs, requirements, and expectations, free from
deficiencies.
Quality Tubing, Inc. operates coiled tubing service centers in various
strategic locations worldwide. These centers exist to store and service
new and used coiled tubing. Standard stock strings, specially designed
for use in the areas served by our service centers, are available from
these centers. Further, state-of-the-art corrosion protection and
nondestructive testing are available at these centers.
Quality Tubing Product Lines

QT-1000, QT-900, QT-800, QT-700, TRUE-TAPER, Pre-Perforated Liners, Taper
String, Flash Free Tubing, Line Pipe
BACK
Tulsa Equipment Manufacturing

is the first name in
high pressure and cement pumping.
TEM, located in Tulsa, Oklahoma, is one of the world's foremost
manufacturers of oilfield high pressure pumping and cement pumping
equipment.
Our goal is to create unique designs that help reduce your job costs, as
we did with the development of our Combination Cementer/Acidizer with
bulk storage system.
We're one of the few companies capable of manufacturing a dependable
state-of-the-art Automatic Density
Control System: a patented system
that has elevated Tulsa Equipment
Manufacturing into a world
leadership position in the
development of cement pumping
equipment.
TEM Products
High Pressure Fluid Pumping Units, Frac Bending Units, Cement Pumping Systems,
Acid Pumping Systems, Combination Cementer / Acidizers, Cement Batch Mixers,
Automatic Density Control Systems
TABLE OF CONTENTS
HELP
EXTRAS
COILED TUBING HANDBOOK
INTRODUCTION
NEXT
Copyright 1999-2002 Varco
While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this

handbook, the publisher assumes no responsibility for errors or
omissions. Information in this documentation is also subject to change
without notice. Tuboscope makes no warranties, express or implied, as
to the accuracy of the calculations, data and/or opinions. Neither is any
liability assumed for damages whatsoever arising out of the use of the
information contained herein.
Request additional handbook copies, submit suggestions and report
errors to cthb@varco.com
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Varco
Post Office Box 808

Houston, Texas 77001 USA
Phone 1 (713) 799-5100
Fax 1 (713) 799-5406
www.varco.com
REVISED 03/2002
NEXT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GENERAL INFORMATION
WELL CONTROL EQUIPMENT
DOWNHOLE TOOLS
COILED TUBING EQUIPMENT
NITROGEN PUMPING EQUIPMENT
VARCOS COILED TUBING GROUP OF COMPANIES
PIPE DATA, TABLES & CHARTS
NEXT
HELP
BASIC NAVIGATION
PRINTING
FINDING TEXT
USING ACROBAT HELP
KEEPING THIS INTRO OPEN
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BASIC NAVIGATION
Regular scrollingUse the scroll bar on the right

side of the screen.
BookmarksClick a heading on the left side of

thescreen.
HyperlinksClick hyperlinks in the text. (The

cursor will look like this when over a hyperlink.)
ToolbarClick buttons on the toolbar to scroll

through the pages and to return to previous
views.
You can learn more about navigation in the Acrobat help.
Some pages have a horizontal orientation.

To rotate the page(s), select the "rotate pages"
menu item under "Document" on the menu bar or
simply hit Ctrl + R.
There are four basic methods of navigation:
NEXT
KEEPING THIS INTRO OPEN
1. Select the File menu, then Preferences, then General.

2. Clear the Open Cross-Doc Links in Same Window
check box.
3. Click OK.
You may find that this introduction keeps disappearing

when you open a section in the manual. You can prevent this from happening by changing the following
Acrobat setting.
NEXT
PRINTING
To print a chapter or an individual page, open the

chapter and select the File menu, then Print.
For better print quality, try changing the printer properties to use raster graphics, instead of vector graphics,
or print to a postscript printer.
You can print individual pages or an entire chapter at a

time. You cannot print the entire manual at once.
NEXT
FINDING TEXT
on the Acrobat toolbar, or press Ctrl+F.
2. Enter the term you want to search for.

3. Click OK.
4. To find the next occurrence of the term press Ctrl+G.
1. Click
NEXT
USING ACROBAT HELP
The Acrobat help provides additional information

on how to use Acrobat. to access the Acrobat help,
select the Help menu, then Reader Guide. You can
navigate through the Acrobat help just like any other
.pdf file.
NEXT
EXTRAS
EXTRAS
Click on the filename below to open.
Coiled Tubing Calculations
Table of Contents
This CD contains a Microsoft Excel workbook for performing

the CT calculations found in the tables in Chapter 2. You
must have Excel installed on your PC to use this workbook.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Units Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1
1
2
3
4
4
8
8
10
12
14
14
15
16
Fractional Decimal Equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Temperature Conversions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Useful Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Temperature Conversions............................................................
Volume Capacity of Pipes ............................................................
Approximate Volume of Hose.......................................................
Velocity.........................................................................................
Hydraulics.....................................................................................
Volumes .......................................................................................
Mud Pit Calculation ......................................................................
Pipe Displacement .......................................................................
Reel Capacities for Coiled Tubing................................................
22
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
Nitrogen Properties & Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Temperature Characteristics ........................................................
Volume Characteristics ................................................................
Conversion Data...........................................................................
Nitrogen Characteristics ...............................................................
Safety ...........................................................................................
First Aid ........................................................................................
Oilfield Applications ......................................................................
Treating Iron .................................................................................
25
25
26
26
27
27
27
27
Coiled Tubing Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Acceleration..................................................................................
Angular .........................................................................................
Area..............................................................................................
Density .........................................................................................
Electrical.......................................................................................
Energy / Torque / Power ..............................................................
Flow Rate .....................................................................................
Force / Mass / Weight ..................................................................
Length ..........................................................................................
Pressure .......................................................................................
Rotation ........................................................................................
Time .............................................................................................
Velocity.........................................................................................
Volume .........................................................................................
NEXT
PIPE DATA TABLES & CHARTS

Pipe Sizes, Volumes & Displacements . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2
6
10
20
24
30
54
Coiled Tubing Performance Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Grade 70 ......................................................................................
Grade 80 ......................................................................................
Grade 90 ......................................................................................
Grade 100 ....................................................................................
Grade 110 ....................................................................................
Grade 120 ....................................................................................
3
13
22
32
42
51
Drill Pipe Yield Strength & Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Drill Pipe Yield Strength ...............................................................
Used Drill Pipe Yield Strength ......................................................
Drill Pipe Pressure........................................................................
Used Drill Pipe Pressure ..............................................................
3
7
11
15
Nitrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Calculations..................................................................................
Nitrogen Compressibility Factor ...................................................
Volume Factor - Low Pressure.....................................................
Volume Factor - Medium Pressure...............................................
Volume Factor - High Pressure ....................................................
Volume Factor High Temperature ................................................
Pressure vs. Depth for Well Full of Nitrogen ................................
1
4
5
6
7
8
9
Coiled Tubing Stress Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

External Pressure Multiplier ........................................................ 5
Compressive Load Multiplier ....................................................... 9
Internal Pressure Multiplier .......................................................... 13
Coiled Tubing Fatigue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Varying Materials..........................................................................
Varying Failure Criterion...............................................................
Coiled Tubing Diameters 1.00" - 1.75" .........................................
Coiled Tubing Diameters 1.50" - 2.375" .......................................
Varying Wall Thickness ................................................................
2
2
3
3
4
4
Coiled Tubing Volumes & Displacements ....................................

Tubing Sizes, Volumes & Displacements.....................................
Casing Sizes & Volumes ..............................................................
Drill Pipe Sizes & Volumes...........................................................
Annular Volumes for Coiled Tubing Inside of Tubing ...................
Annular Volumes for Coiled Tubing Inside of Casing...................
Annular Volume for Tubing inside of Casing ................................
NEXT
Varying Reel Diameter ................................................................. 5

Varying Guide Arch Radius .......................................................... 5
Depth Correction & Stuck Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Helical Lockup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Horizontal Reach.......................................................................... 2
Maximum Weight.......................................................................... 9
Catastrophic Buckling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Catastrophic Buckling .................................................................. 3
Hydraulics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Straight Tubing ............................................................................. 7
CT OD = 1.0 in.; Wall Thickness = 0.087 in. & 0.095 in.
Reeled Tubing .............................................................................. 9

Straight Tubing ............................................................................. 11

Reeled Tubing .............................................................................. 13

Straight Tubing ............................................................................. 15

Reeled Tubing .............................................................................. 17

Straight Tubing ............................................................................. 19

CT OD = 1.75 in.; Wall Thickness = 0.109 in. & 0.156 in
Reeled Tubing .............................................................................. 21

Straight Tubing ............................................................................. 23

Reeled Tubing .............................................................................. 25

Straight Tubing ............................................................................. 27

Reeled Tubing .............................................................................. 29

Straight Tubing ............................................................................. 31

Reeled Tubing .............................................................................. 33

Straight Tubing ............................................................................. 35

Plastic Stretch ............................................................................. 7

Elongation Due to Pressure - Poisson Effect ............................... 42
Period & Shortening due to Helical Buckling ............................... 48
Reeled Tubing .............................................................................. 37

NEXT
Complete Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Blowout Preventers (BOP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Features .......................................................................................
Options .........................................................................................
Operation......................................................................................
Blind Ram Assembly ....................................................................
Pipe Ram Assembly .....................................................................
Slip Ram Assembly ......................................................................
Shear Ram Assembly...................................................................
Shear Seal Rams .........................................................................
Pipe Slip Rams.............................................................................
BOP Field Testing ........................................................................
3
3
3
4
5
5
6
9
9
9
Stripper Packers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Operation......................................................................................
Stripper Packer Elements.............................................................
Top Loading Stripper Packer........................................................
Anti-Buckling Device ....................................................................
Inhibitor Injection ..........................................................................
Test Pressure ...............................................................................
17
17
17
19
19
19
Quick Latches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Hydraconns .................................................................................. 25
Injector Connectors ...................................................................... 25
Hydraulic Releasing Connector.................................................... 26
Unions & Flanges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Maintenance & Field Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Suggested Maintenance Schedule............................................... 32
Field Inspections .......................................................................... 32
Well Control Equipment Literature
NEXT
DOWNHOLE TOOLS
Standard Toolstring Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1
2
4
5
7
9
11
13
Manipulation Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Running/Pulling & Shifting Tools .................................................. 14
Wash Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Fishing Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Commonly Used CT Threads Recognition . . . . . . . . . 23
Motorhead Assembly....................................................................
Connectors ...................................................................................
Safety Valves ...............................................................................
Release Joints..............................................................................
Circulation and Control Valves .....................................................
Jars & Accelerators ......................................................................
Joints & Straight / Weight Bars.....................................................
Centralizers ..................................................................................
NEXT
Injectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Current 5 Series Injectors ..........................................................
Previous Injector Data .................................................................
Tubing Tensioning System...........................................................
Schematic.....................................................................................
1
11
12
14
Reels - Literature
Reels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Standard Reel Specifications (Hydra Rig)....................................
Drop-in-Drum Reels .....................................................................
Schematics...................................................................................
Reel Capacity Calculation ............................................................
Shipping Spools ...........................................................................
16
17
20
21
22
Power Packs - Literature

Power Packs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Power Pack Hydraulic Schematics............................................... 25
Control Cabins - Literature

Control Cabins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Schematics................................................................................... 30
Hydraulics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Hoses ...........................................................................................
Common Hydraulic Symbols ........................................................
Hydraulic Components .................................................................
Fluid Power Principals..................................................................
Hydraulic Pumps ..........................................................................
Control Valves ..............................................................................
Troubleshooting Procedures ........................................................
Glossary .......................................................................................
35
38
39
42
43
49
57
62
Injectors - Literature
NEXT
Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Vaporization Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Water Pump (also referred to as the Coolant Pump) ...................
Vaporizer ......................................................................................
Heat Exchangers..........................................................................
Engine Heat Exchanger ...............................................................
Exhaust Heat Recovery................................................................
Power Control Valve and Back Pressure Valve ...........................
Water Brake .................................................................................
4
4
4
6
7
7
7
Controls & Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Nitrogen Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Acceptable Vacuum Levels ..........................................................
Pressure Ratings..........................................................................
Filling The Tank............................................................................
Saturated LN2 ..............................................................................
10
10
11
12
Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Back to the Introduction
Nitrogen Pumps & Vaporizer Systems - Literature
NEXT
GENERAL INFORMATION
Units Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1
1
2
3
4
4
8
8
10
12
14
14
15
16
Fractional Decimal Equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Temperature Conversions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Useful Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Temperature Conversions............................................................
Volume Capacity of Pipes ............................................................
Approximate Volume of Hose.......................................................
Velocity.........................................................................................
Hydraulics.....................................................................................
Volumes .......................................................................................
Mud Pit Calculation ......................................................................
Pipe Displacement .......................................................................
Reel Capacities for Coiled Tubing................................................
22
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
Nitrogen Properties & Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Temperature Characteristics ........................................................
Volume Characteristics ................................................................
Conversion Data...........................................................................
Nitrogen Characteristics ...............................................................
Safety ...........................................................................................
First Aid ........................................................................................
Oilfield Applications ......................................................................
Treating Iron .................................................................................
25
25
26
26
27
27
27
27
Coiled Tubing Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Acceleration..................................................................................
Angular .........................................................................................
Area..............................................................................................
Density .........................................................................................
Electrical.......................................................................................
Energy / Torque / Power ..............................................................
Flow Rate .....................................................................................
Force / Mass / Weight ..................................................................
Length ..........................................................................................
Pressure .......................................................................................
Rotation ........................................................................................
Time .............................................................................................
Velocity.........................................................................................
Volume .........................................................................................
General Information
Units Conversion
General Information
Units Conversion
Acceleration
MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
centimeters/second/second
feet/second/second
feet/second/second
feet/second/second
feet/second/second
kilometers/hour/second
meters/second/second
miles/hour/second
miles/hour/second
miles/hour/second
miles/hour/second
radians/second/second
revolutions/minute/minute
revolutions/second/second
0.03281
0.036
0.01
0.02237
30.48
1.097
0.3048
0.6818
27.78
0.9113
0.2778
0.6214
100
3.281
3.6
2.237
44.7
1.467
1.609
0.447
572.9578
9.549
0.1592
1.75E-03
0.01667
2.78E-04
6.283
3600
60
feet/second/second
miles/hour/second
kms/hour/second
miles/hour/second
centimeters/hour/second
foot/second/second
miles/hour/second
foot/second/second
miles/hour/second
feet/second/second
revolutions/minute/second
revolutions/minute/second
MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
degrees (angle)
degrees (angle)
degrees (angle)
feet/100 feet
minutes (angles)
minutes (angles)
minutes (angles)
minutes (angles)
quadrants (angle)
quadrants (angle)
quadrants (angle)
quadrants (angle)
radians
0.01111
0.01745
3600
1
1.85E-04
2.91E-04
0.01667
60
1.571
90
5400
3.24E+05
57.29578
quadrants
radians
seconds
percent grade
quadrants
radians
degrees
seconds
radians
degrees
minutes
seconds
degrees
Angular
General Information
Units Conversion
Angular
MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
radians
radians
seconds (angle)
seconds (angle)
seconds (angle)
seconds (angle)
3438
2.06E+05
3.09E-06
4.85E-06
2.78E-04
0.01666667
minutes
seconds
quadrants
radians
degrees
minutes
Area
MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
acre
acre
acre
acre
acre-feet
acre-feet
acres
acres
acres
acres
centares (centiares)
circular mils
circular mils
circular mils
hectares
hectares
square centimeters
square centimeters
square centimeters
square centimeters
square centimeters
square centimeters
square centimeters
square feet
square feet
square feet
square feet
square feet
square feet
square feet
square feet
square inches
square inches
square inches
square inches
square inches
square inches
square kilometers
square kilometers
square kilometers
square kilometers
0.4047
10
100000
160
43560
325900
43560
4047
0.001562
4840
1
5.07E-06
7.85E-07
0.7854
2.471
107600
1.97E+05
3.86E-11
100
1.20E-04
1.08E-03
0.155
0.0001
2.30E-05
1.83E+08
929
144
0.0929
3.59E-08
9.29E+04
0.1111
1.27E+06
6.452
6.94E-03
645.2
1.00E+06
7.72E-04
247.1
1.00E+10
1.08E+07
1.55E+09
hectare or square hectometer

square chain (Gunter's)
square links (Gunter's)
square rods
cubic feet
gallons
square feet
square meters
square miles
square yards
square meters
square centimeters
square inches
square mils
acres
square feet
circular mils
square miles
square millimeters
square yards
square feet
square inches
square meters
acres
circular mils
square centimeters
square inches
square meters
square miles
square millimeters
square yards
circular mils
square centimeters
square feet
square millimeters
square mils
square yards
inchacres
square centimeters
square feet
square inches
General Information
Units Conversion
Area
MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
square kilometers
square kilometers
square kilometers
square meters
square meters
square meters
square meters
square meters
square meters
square meters
square miles
square miles
square miles
square miles
square miles
square millimeters
square millimeters
square millimeters
square millimeters
square mils
square mils
square mils
square yards
square yards
square yards
square yards
square yards
square yards
square yards
1.00E+06
0.3861
1.20E+06
2.47E-04
1.00E+04
10.76
1550
3.86E-07
1.00E+06
1.196
640
2.79E+07
2.59
2.59E+06
3.10E+06
1973
0.01
1.08E-05
1.55E-03
1.273
6.45E-06
1.00E-06
2.07E-04
8361
9
1296
0.8361
3.23E-07
8.36E+05
square meters
square miles
square yards
acres
square centimeters
square feet
square inches
square miles
square millimeters
square yards
acres
square feet
square kilometers
square meters
square yards
circular mils
square centimeters
square feet
square inches
circular mils
square centimeters
square inches
acres
square centimeters
square feet
square inches
square meters
square miles
square millimeters
MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
grains/imp. gallon
grains/US gallon
grains/US gallon
grams/cubic centimeter
grams/liter
grams/liter
grams/liter
kilograms/cubic meter
14.286
17.118
142.86
62.43
0.03613
3.41E-07
58.417
8.345
0.062427
62.43
0.03613
3.41E-07
0.001
0.06243
3.61E-05
3.41E-10
3.28E-03
2.90E-03
parts/million
parts/million
pounds/million gallon
pounds/cubic feet
pounds/cubic inch
pounds/mil-foot
grains/gallon
pounds/1000 gallon
pounds/cubic foot
pounds/cubic foot
pounds/cubic inch
pounds/mil-foot
pound/cubic foot
pounds/cubic inch
pounds/mil-foot
feet of water
inches of mercury
Density
General Information
Units Conversion
Density
MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
pounds/cubic foot
pounds/cubic foot
pounds/cubic foot
pounds/cubic foot
pounds/cubic foot
pounds/cubic inch
pounds/cubic inch
pounds/cubic inch
pounds/cubic inch
pounds/cubic inch
pounds/gallon
pounds/gallon
pounds/mil-foot
parts/million
parts/million
parts/million
0.2048
1.42E-03
0.01602
16.02
5.79E-04
5.46E-09
.13368
27.68
2.77E+04
1728
9.43E-06
231
7.48052
.004329
2.31E+06
0.07016
0.0584
8.345
pounds/square foot
pounds/square inch
pounds/cubic inch
pounds/mil-foot
pounds/gallon
gms/cubic centimeter
pounds/cubic foot
pounds/mil-foot
pounds/gallon
pounds/cubic foot
pounds/cubic inch
gms/cubic centimeter
grains/imperial gallon
grains/U.S. gallon
pounds/million gallon
MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
coulomb
coulombs
coulombs/square centimeter
coulombs/square inch
coulombs/square meter
faraday/second
faradays
faradays
farads
international ampere
international volt
international volt
megohms
megohms
microfarad
microhms
ohm (international)
ohms
ohms
3.00E+09
1.04E-05
64.52
10000
0.155
1550
0.0001
0.0006452
96500
26.8
96490
1000000
0.9998
96540
1.59E-19
1.00E+12
1.00E+06
1.00E-06
1.00E-06
1.0005
1.00E-06
1.00E+06
statcoulombs
faradays
ampere (absolute)
ampere-hours
coulombs
microfarads
ampere (absolute)
joules
joules (absolute)
microhms
ohms
farads
ohms
ohm (absolute)
megohms
microhms
MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
Btu
Btu
1.06E+10
778.3
ergs
foot-lbs
Electrical
Energy / Torque / Power
General Information
Units Conversion

MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
Btu
Btu
Btu
Btu
Btu
Btu
Btu/hour
Btu/hour
Btu/hour
Btu/hour
Btu/minute
Btu/minute
Btu/minute
Btu/minute
Btu/square ft/minute
calorie
calorie
calorie
calorie
calorie, gram (mean)
dynes/square centimeter
ergs
ergs
ergs
ergs
ergs
ergs
ergs
ergs
ergs
ergs
ergs
ergs/second
ergs/second
ergs/second
ergs/second
ergs/second
ergs/second
ergs/second
foot-pounds
foot-pounds
foot-pounds
foot-pounds
foot-pounds
foot-pounds
foot-pounds
foot-pounds
foot-pounds/minute
foot-pounds/minute
foot-pounds/minute
foot-pounds/minute
foot-pounds/minute
252
0.0003931
1054.8
0.252
107.5
0.0002928
0.2162
0.07
0.0003929
0.2931
12.96
0.02356
0.01757
17.57
0.1221
1.56E-06
1.58E-06
4.1868
1.16E-06
0.00396832
0.000001
9.48E-11
1
7.37E-08
2.39E-08
0.00102
3.73E-14
0.0000001
2.39E-11
1.02E-08
2.78E-14
2.78E-11
5.69E-06
1
4.43E-06
7.38E-08
1.34E-10
1.43E-09
1.00E-10
0.001286
1.36E+07
0.3238
5.05E-07
1.356
0.000324
0.1383
3.77E-07
0.001286
0.01667
0.0000303
0.000324
0.0000226
gram-calories
horsepower-hours
joules
kilogram-calories
kilogram-meters
kilowatt-hours
foot-pounds/second
gram-cal/second
horsepower-hours
watts
foot-lbs/second
horsepower
kilowatts
watts
watts/square inch
horsepower-hour
horsepower-hour (metric)
joule
kilowatt-hour
Btu (mean)
bars
Btu
dyne-centimeters
foot-pounds
gram-calories
grams-centimeters
horsepower-hours
joules
kg-calories
kg-meters
kilowatt-hours
watt-hours
Btu/minute
dyne-centimeter/second
foot-lbs/minute
foot-lbs/second
horsepower
kg-calories/minute
kilowatts
Btu
ergs
gram-calories
hp-hours
joules
kg-calories
kg-meters
kilowatt-hours
Btu/minute
foot-pounds/second
horsepower
kg-calories/minute
kilowatts
General Information
Units Conversion

MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
foot-pounds/second
foot-pounds/second
foot-pounds/second
foot-pounds/second
foot-pounds/second
gram-calories
gram-calories
gram-calories
gram-calories
gram-calories
gram-calories
gram-calories
gram-calories/second
gram-centimeters
gram-centimeters
gram-centimeters
gram-centimeters
grams/square centimeter
hectowatts
horsepower
horsepower
horsepower
horsepower
horsepower
horsepower
horsepower (boiler)
horsepower (boiler)
horsepower (metric)
horsepower-hours
horsepower-hours
horsepower-hours
horsepower-hours
horsepower-hours
horsepower-hours
horsepower-hours
horsepower-hours
joules
joules
joules
joules
joules
joules
kilogram-meters
kilogram-meters
kilogram-meters
kilogram-meters
kilogram-meters
kilogram-meters
kilowatt-hours
kilowatt-hours
kilowatt-hours
kilowatt-hours
4.6263
0.07717
8.18E-04
1.01945
0.001356
0.0039683
9.30E-08
4.19E-07
3.088
1.56E-06
1.16E-06
0.001163
14.286
980.7
980700
2.34E+08
100000
2.0481
100
42.44
33000
550
10.68
0.7457
745.7
33479
9.803
0.9863
2547
2.68E+13
1980000
641190
2684000
641.1
273700
0.7457
9.48E-04
10000000
0.7376
0.0002389
0.102
0.0002778
9.29E-03
9.80E+07
7.233
9.804
2.34E-03
2.72E-06
3413
3.60E+13
2.66E+06
859850
Btu/hour
Btu/minute
horsepower
kg-calories/minute
kilowatts
Btu
Btu
ergs
foot-pounds
horsepower-hours
kilowatt-hours
watt-hours
Btu/hour
ergs
joules
kg-cal
kg-meters
pounds/square foot
watts
Btu/minute
foot-lbs/minute
foot-lbs/second
kg-calories/minute
kilowatts
watts
Btu/hour
kilowatts
horsepower
Btu
ergs
foot-lbs
gram-calories
joules
kg-calories
kg-meters
kilowatt-hours
Btu
ergs
foot-pounds
kg-calories
kg-meters
watt-hours
Btu
ergs
foot-pounds
joules
kg-calories
kilowatt-hours
Btu
ergs
foot-lbs
gram-calories
General Information
Units Conversion

MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
kilowatt-hours
kilowatt-hours
kilowatt-hours
kilowatt-hours
kilowatt-hours
kilowatt-hours
kilowatts
kilowatts
kilowatts
kilowatts
kilowatts
kilowatts
meter-kilograms
meter-kilograms
meter-kilograms
pound-feet
pound-feet
pound-feet
pounds/foot
pounds/inch
watt (international)
centigrams
centimeter-dynes
centimeter-dynes
centimeter-dynes
centimeter-grams
centimeter-grams
centimeter-grams
watt-hours
watt-hours
watt-hours
watt-hours
watt-hours
watt-hours
watt-hours
watt-hours
watts
watts
watts
watts
watts
watts
watts
watts
watts
watts (absolute)
watts (absolute)
1.341
3.60E+06
860.5
3.67E+05
22.75
3.53
56.92
4.43E+04
737.6
1.341
14.34
1000
9.81E+07
1.00E+05
7.233
1.36E+07
13825
0.1383
1.488
178.6
1.0002
0.01
0.00102
1.02E-08
7.38E-08
980.7
0.00001
0.07233
3.413
3.60E+10
2656
859.85
1.34E-03
0.8605
367.2
0.001
3.4129
0.05688
107
44.27
0.7378
1.34E-03
1.36E-03
0.01433
0.001
0.056884
1
horsepower-hours
joules
kg-calories
kg-meters
lbs of water from 62-212F
lbs of water evap. at 212F
Btu/minute
foot-lbs/minute
foot-lbs/second
horsepower
kg-calories/minute
watts
centimeter-dynes
centimeter-grams
pound-feet
centimeter-dynes
centimeter-grams
meter-kilograms
kilograms/meter
gms/centimeter
watt (absolute)
grams
centimeter-grams
meter-kilograms
pound-feet
centimeter-dynes
meter-kilograms
pound-feet
Btu
ergs
foot-pounds
gram-calories
horsepower-hours
kilogram-calories
kilogram-meters
kilowatt-hours
Btu/hour
Btu/minute
erg/second
foot-lbs/minute
foot-lbs/second
horsepower
horsepower (metric)
kg-calories/minute
kilowatts
Btu (mean)/minute
joules/second
General Information
Units Conversion
Flow Rate
MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
cubic feet/minute
cubic feet/minute
cubic feet/minute
cubic feet/minute
cubic fee/minute
cubic feet/second
cubic feet/second
cubic yards/minute
cubic yards/minute
cubic yards/minute
cubic meters/minute
gallons/minute
gallons/minute
gallons/minute
liters/minute
liters/minute
million gals/day
pounds of water/minute
472
0.1247
0.472
62.43
.028317
448.831
0.646317
0.45
3.367
12.74
35.314
8.0208
0.002228
0.6308
5.89E-04
4.40E-03
1.54723
2.67E-04
cubic centimeters/second
gallons/second
liters/second
pounds of water/minute
cubic meters/minute
gallons/minute
million gallons/day
cubic feet/second
gallons/second
liters/second
Cubic feet/minute
cubic feet/hour
cubic foot/second
liters/second
cubic foot/second
gals/second
cubic foot/second
cubic foot/second
MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
decigrams
dekagrams
drams
drams
drams
drams(apoth. or troy)
drams(apoth. or troy)
dynes
dynes
dynes
dynes
dynes
dynes
grains
grains (troy)
grains (troy)
grains (troy)
grains (troy)
grams
grams
grams
grams
grams
grams
grams
grams
grams
grams
grams
0.1
10
27.3437
1.7718
0.0625
0.125
0.1371429
0.00102
0.0000001
0.00001
1.02E-06
7.23E-05
2.25E-06
0.03657143
1
0.0648
0.0020833
0.04167
5
0.56438339
980.7
15.43
9.81E-05
9.81E-03
0.001
1000
0.032150747
0.035273962
0.07093
grams
grams
grains
grams
ounces
ounces (troy)
ounces(avoirdupois)
grams
joules/centimeter
joules/meter (newtons)
kilograms
poundals
pounds
drams (avoirdupois)
grains (avoirdupois)
grams
ounces (avoirdupois)
pennyweight (troy)
carat(metric)
dram
dynes
grains
joules/centimeter
kilograms
milligrams
ounces (troy)
ounces(avoirdupois)
poundals
Force / Mass / Weight
General Information
Units Conversion

MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
grams
grams/centimeter
hectograms
hundredweights (long)
hundredweights (long)
hundredweights (short)
joules
joules
joules/centimeter
joules/centimeter
joules/centimeter
kilograms
kilograms
kilograms
kilograms
kilograms
kilograms
kilograms
kilograms
kilograms/meter
kilograms/square centimeter
micrograms
milliers
milligrams
milligrams
newton
newton
ounces
ounces
ounces
ounces
ounces
ounces
ounces
pennyweights (troy)
pennyweights (troy)
pennyweights (troy)
pennyweights (troy)
poise
poundals
poundals
poundals
poundals
poundals
poundals
pounds
pounds
pounds
pounds
0.002204623
0.0056
100
112
0.05
1600
100
0.0446429
0.0453592
723.3
22.48
10000000
10200
100
980665
1000
0.09807
9.807
70.93
2.205
9.84E-04
1.10E-03
0.672
980665
1.00E-06
1000
0.01543236
0.001
1.00E+05
.2248
16
437.5
28.349523
0.9115
0.0625
2.79E-05
2.84E-05
24
1.55517
0.05
4.17E-03
1
13826
14.1
1.38E-03
0.1383
0.0141
0.03108
256
4.45E+05
7000
453.5924
pounds
pounds/inch
grams
pounds
tons (long)
pounds
tons (long)
tons (metric)
poundals
pounds
dynes
grams
joules/meter (newton)
dynes
grams
joules/centimeter
poundals
pounds
tons (long)
tons (short)
pounds/foot
dynes
grams
kilograms
grains
grams
dynes
pound
drams
grains
grams
ounces (troy)
pounds
tons (long)
tons (metric)
grains
grams
ounces (troy)
pounds (troy)
gram/centimeter second
dynes
grams
joules/centimeter
kilograms
pounds
drams
dynes
grains
grams
General Information
Units Conversion

MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
pounds
pounds
pounds
pounds
pounds
pounds
pounds
pounds
pounds
pounds (troy)
pounds (troy)
pounds (troy)
pounds (troy)
pounds (troy)
pounds (troy)
pounds (troy)
pounds (troy)
pounds (troy)
scruples
slug
slug
stone (British)
teaspoons (US)
tons (long)
tons (long)
tons (long)
tons (metric)
tons (metric)
tons (metric)
tons (short)
tons (short)
tons (short)
tons (short)
tons (short)
tons (short)
0.04448
4.448
0.4536
16
14.5833
32.17
1.21528
0.07142857
0.0005
5760
373.24177
13.1657
12
240
0.822857
3.67E-04
3.73E-04
4.11E-04
20
14.59
32.17
14
4.93
1016
2240
1.12
1000
907.1848
2205
32000
29166.66
2000
2430.56
0.89287
0.9078
joules/centimeter
kilograms
ounces
ounces (troy)
poundals
pounds (troy)
stones (British)
tons (short)
grains
grams
ounces (troy)
pennyweights (troy)
pounds (avoirdupois)
tons (long)
tons (metric)
tons (short)
grains
kilogram
pounds
pound (avoirdupois)
cubic centimeters
kilograms
pounds
tons (short)
kilograms
kilograms
pounds
ounces
ounces (troy)
pounds
pounds (troy)
tons (long)
tons (metric)
MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
caliber
caliber
centimeters
centimeters
centimeters
centimeters
centimeters
centimeters
centimeters
centimeters
chain
chain
0.01
0.254
0.03281
0.3937
0.00001
0.01
6.21E-06
10
393.7
0.01094
792
20.12
inches
millimeters
feet
inches
kilometers
meters
miles
millimeters
mils
yards
inches
meters
Length
10
General Information
Units Conversion
Length
MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
chain (surveyor's or Gunter's)

circumference
decimeters
dekameters
ell
ell
em (pica)
em (pica)
fathoms
fathoms
feet
feet
feet
feet
feet
feet
feet
furlongs
furlongs
furlongs
hand
hectometers
inches
inches
inches
inches
inches
inches
inches
kilometers
kilometers
kilometers
kilometers
kilometers
kilometers
kilometers
kilometers
kilometers
league
light-year
light-year
light-year
links (engineer's)
links (surveyor's)
meters
meters
meters
meters
meters
meters
meters
meters
22
6.283
0.1
10
114.3
45
0.167
0.4233
1.828804
6
30.48
0.0003048
0.3048
0.0001645
0.0001894
304.8
12000
0.125
40
660
10.16
100
2.54
0.08333333
0.0254
0.00001578
25.4
1000
0.027777778
6.68E-09
1.00E+05
3280.84
3.94E+04
1.06E-13
1000
0.6214
1.00E+06
1094
3
63239.7
5.90E+12
9.46E+12
12
7.92
100
3.281
39.37
0.001
5.40E-04
6.21E-04
1000
1.094
yards
radians
meters
meters
centimeter
inches
inch
centimeter
meter
feet
centimeters
kilometers
meters
miles (naut.)
miles (stat.)
millimeters
mils
miles (US)
rods
feet
centimeter
meters
centimeters
feet
meters
miles
millimeters
mils
yards
astronomical unit
centimeters
feet
inches
light year
meters
miles
millimeters
yards
miles (approx.)
astronomical unit
miles
kilometers
inches
inches
centimeters
feet
inches
kilometers
miles (nautical)
miles (statute)
millimeters
yards
11
General Information
Units Conversion
Length
MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
microns
miles (nautical)
miles (nautical)
miles (nautical)
miles (nautical)
miles (nautical)
miles (statute)
miles (statute)
miles (statute)
miles (statute)
miles (statute)
miles (statute)
miles (statute)
millimeters
millimeters
millimeters
millimeters
millimeters
millimeters
millimeters
millimeters
millmicrons
mils
mils
mils
mils
mils
parsec
parsec
rod
rod
rod
rods (surveyor's meas.)
span
yards
yards
yards
yards
yards
yards
yards
yards
yards
1.00E-06
6080.27
1.853
1853
1.1516
2027
1.61E+05
5280
6.34E+04
1.609
1609
0.8684
1760
0.1
3.28E-03
0.03937
1.00E-06
0.001
6.21E-07
39.37
1.09E-03
1.00E-09
2.54E-03
8.33E-05
0.001
2.54E-03
2.78E-05
1.90E+13
3.08E+13
0.25
5.029
16.5
5.5
9
91.44
0.5
3
36
9.14E-04
0.9144
4.93E-04
5.68E-04
914.4
meters
feet
kilometers
meters
miles (statute)
yards
centimeters
feet
inches
kilometers
meters
miles (nautical)
yards
centimeters
feet
inches
kilometers
meters
miles
mils
yards
meters
centimeters
feet
inches
kilometers
yards
miles
kilometers
chain (Gunter's)
meters
feet
yards
inch
centimeters
fathom
foot
inches
kilometers
meters
miles (nautical)
miles (statute)
millimeters
Pressure
MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
atmospheres
atmospheres
atmospheres
atmospheres
0.007348
76
33.9
29.92
ton/square inch
centimetercentimeters of mercury
foot. of water (at 4 degrees C)
inches of mercury (at 0 degrees C)
12
General Information
Units Conversion
Pressure
MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
atmospheres
atmospheres
atmospheres
atmospheres
bars
bars
bars
bars
bars
centimeters of mercury
dyne/centimeter
dyne/square centimeter
feet of water
feet of water
feet of water
feet of water
feet of water
feet of water
inches of mercury
inches of mercury
inches of mercury
inches of mercury
inches of mercury
inches of mercury
inches of water (at 4C)
kilogram-calories
kilogram-calories
kilogram-calories
kilogram-calories
kilogram-calories
kilogram-calories
kilogram-calories
kilograms/square meter
kilograms/square mm
newton/square meter
1.0333
10332
14.7
1.058
0.9869
1000000
10200
2089
14.5
0.01316
0.4461
136
27.85
0.1934
0.01
9.87E-07
2.95E-05
0.0004015
0.0295
0.8826
0.03048
304.8
62.43
0.4335
0.03342
1.133
0.03453
345.3
70.73
0.4912
0.002458
0.07355
0.00254
0.5781
5.204
0.03613
3.968
3088
1.56E-03
4186
426.9
4.186
1.16E-03
0.9678
32.81
28.96
2048
14.22
9.68E-05
9.81E-05
1.00E+06
1.0
pounds/square inch
tons/square foot
atmospheres
pounds/square foot
pounds/square inch
atmospheres
feet of water
pounds/square foot
pounds/square inch
erg/square millimeter
atmospheres
inches of mercury at 0C
inches of water at 4C
amospheres
inches of mercury
pounds/square foot
pounds/square inch
atmospheres
feet of water
pounds/square foot.
pounds/square inch
atmospheres
inches of mercury
ounces/square inch
pounds/square foot
pounds/square inch
Btu
foot-pounds
hp-hours
joules
kg-meters
kilojoules
kilowatt-hours
atmospheres
feet of water
inches of mercury
pounds/square foot
pounds/square inch
atmospheres
bars
pound
13
General Information
Units Conversion
Pressure
MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
ounces/square inch
ounces/square inch
pounds/square foot
pounds/square foot
pounds/square foot
pounds/square foot
pounds/square foot
pounds/square inch
pounds/square inch
pounds/square inch
pounds/square inch
pounds/square inch
pounds/square inch
pounds/square inch
tons (short)/square foot
tons (short)/square foot
tons of water/24 hours
4309
0.0625
4.73E-04
0.01602
0.01414
4.882
6.94E-03
0.06804
2.307
2.036
703.1
144
6.8947
.0068947
9765
2000
83.333
0.16643
1.3349
pounds/square inch
atmospheres
feet of water
inches of mercury
pounds/square inch
atmospheres
feet of water
inches of mercury
pounds/square foot
kilopascals
megapascals
pounds/square inch
pounds of water/hour
gallons/minute
cubic foot/hour
Rotation
MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
degrees/second
degrees/second
degrees/second
radians/second
radians/second
radians/second
revolutions
revolutions
revolutions
revolutions/minute
revolutions/minute
revolutions/minute
revolutions/second
revolutions/second
revolutions/second
0.01745
0.1667
0.002778
57.29578
9.549
0.1592
360
4
6.283
6
0.1047
0.01667
360
6.283
60
radians/second
revolutions/minute
revolutions/second
degrees/second
revolutions/minute
revolutions/second
degrees
quadrants
radians
degrees/second
radians/second
revolutionsrevolutions/second
degrees/second
radians/second
revolutions/minute
MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
days
hours (mean solar)
hours (mean solar)
week
week
week
week
week
86400
0.04166667
0.005952381
7
168
10080
0.2299795
6.05E+05
seconds
days
weeks
day
hour
minute (time)
month
second
Time
14
General Information
Units Conversion
Time
MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
year (mean of 4 year period)

365.25
8766
5.26E+05
3.16E+07
52.17857
day
hour
minute (time)
second (time)
week
MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
centimeters/second
centimeters/second
centimeters/second
centimeters/second
centimeters/second
centimeters/second
centimeters/second
feet/minute
feet/minute
feet/minute
feet/minute
feet/minute
feet/second
feet/second
feet/second
feet/second
feet/second
feet/second
kilometers/hour
kilometers/hour
kilometers/hour
kilometers/hour
kilometers/hour
kilometers/hour
knots
knots
knots
knots
knots
knots
meters/minute
meters/minute
meters/minute
meters/minute
meters/minute
meters/minute
meters/second
meters/second
meters/second
meters/second
meters/second
meters/second
1.1969
0.03281
0.036
0.1943
0.6
0.02237
0.0003728
0.508
0.01667
0.01829
0.3048
0.01136
30.48
1.097
0.5921
18.29
0.6818
0.01136
27.78
54.68
0.9113
0.5396
16.67
0.6214
6080
1.8532
1
1.151
2027
1.689
1.667
3.281
0.05468
0.06
0.03238
0.03728
196.8
3.281
3.6
0.06
2.237
0.03728
feet/minute
feet/second
kilometers/hour
knots
meters/minute
miles/hour
miles/minute
centimeters/second
feet/second
kms/kr
meters/minute
miles/hour
centimeters/second
kms/hour
knots
meters/minute
miles/hour
miles/minute
centimeters/second
feet/minute
feet/second
knots
meters/minute
miles/hour
feet/hour
kilometers/hour
nautical miles/hour
statute miles/hour
yards/hour
feet/second
centimeters/second
feet/minute
feet/second
kms/hour
knots
miles/hour
feet/minute
feet/second
kilometers/hour
kilometers/minute
miles/hour
miles/minute
Velocity
15
General Information
Units Conversion
Velocity
MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
miles/hour
miles/hour
miles/hour
miles/hour
miles/hour
miles/hour
miles/hour
miles/hour
miles/minute
miles/minute
miles/minute
miles/minute
miles/minute
44.7
88
1.467
1.609
0.02682
0.8684
26.82
0.1667
2682
88
1.609
0.8684
60
centimeters/second
feet/minute
feet/second
kms/hour
kms/minute
knots
meters/minute
miles/minute
centimeters/second
feet/second
kms/minute
knots/minute
miles/hour
MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
barrels (oil)
barrels (US dry)
barrels (US dry)
barrels (US, liquid)
bushels
bushels
bushels
bushels
bushels
bushels
bushels
centiliter
centiliter
centiliter
centiliters
cord feet
cords
cubic centimeter
cubic centimeter
cubic centimeter
cubic centimeter
cubic centimeter
cubic centimeter
cubic centimeter
cubic centimeter
cubic centimeter
cubic centimeter
cubic centimeter
cubic centimeter
cubic feet
cubic feet
cubic feet
cubic feet
cubic feet
42
7056
105
31.5
1.2445
2150.4
0.03524
35.24
4
64
32
0.3382
0.6103
2.705
0.01
16
8
3.53E-05
0.06102374
0.000001
1000
1.31E-06
0.2815606
0.2705122
2.20E-04
2.64E-04
0.001
0.002113
0.001057
0.8036
28320
1728
0.02832
0.037037037
gallons (oil)
cubic inches
quarts (dry)
gallons
cubic foot
cubic inch
cubic meters
liters
pecks
pint (dry)
quarts (dry)
ounce fluid (US)
cubic inch
drams
liters
cubic feet
cord feet
cubic foot
cubic inch
cubic meter
cubic millimeter
cubic yard
drachm (Brit. fluid)
dram (U.S. fluid)
gallon (Brit liquid)
gallon (US liquid)
liter
pint (US liquid)
quart (US liquid)
bushels (dry)
cubic centimeters
cubic inches
cubic meters
cubic yards
Volume
16
General Information
Units Conversion
Volume
MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
cubic feet
cubic feet
cubic feet
cubic feet
cubic inches
cubic inches
cubic inches
cubic inches
cubic inches
cubic inches
cubic inches
cubic inches
cubic meters
cubic meters
cubic meters
cubic meters
cubic meters
cubic meters
cubic meters
cubic meters
cubic meters
cubic yards
cubic yards
cubic yards
cubic yards
cubic yards
cubic yards
cubic yards
cubic yards
cups
deciliters
dekaliters
drams(US fluid or apoth.)
drops
gallons
gallons
gallons
gallons
gallons
gallons
gallons (liquid British imp.)
gallons (US)
gallons of water
hectoliters
hogsheads (British)
hogsheads (U.S.)
hogsheads (U.S.)
kiloliters
liters
liters
liters
liters
7.48052
28.32
59.84
29.92
16.39
0.0005787
1.64E-05
2.14E-05
0.004329
106100
0.03463
0.01732
28.38
1000000
35.31
61023
1.307951
264.2
1000
2113
1057
764600
27
46656
0.7646
202
764.6
1615.9
807.9
236.588
0.1
10
3.6967
0.01666
3785.412
0.1337
231
0.003785
0.004951
3.785
1.20095
0.83267
8.3liquid453
100
10.114
8.42184
63
1000
0.02838
1000
0.03531
61.02
gallons (US liquid)

liters
pints (US liquid)
quarts (US liquid)
cubic centimeters
cubic feet
cubic meters
cubic yards
gallons
mil-feet
pints (US liquid)
quarts (US liquid)
bushels (dry)
cubic centimeters
cubic feet
cubic inches
cubic yards
gallons (US liquid)
liters
pints (US liquid)
quarts (US liquid)
cubic centimeters
cubic feet
cubic inches
cubic meters
gallons (US liquid)
liters
pints (US liquid)
quarts (US liquid)
cubic centimeters
liters
liters
cubic centimeter
teaspoons
cubic centimeters
cubic feet
cubic inches
cubic meters
cubic yards
liters
gallons (US liquid)
gallons (imperial)
pounds of water
liters
cubic feet
cubic feet
gallons (U.S.)
liters
bushels (U.S. dry)
cubic centimeter
cubic feet
cubic inches
17
General Information
Units Conversion
Volume
MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
liters
liters
liters
liters
liters
microliters
mil-feet
milliliters
minims (British)
minims (US fluid)
ounces (fluid)
ounces (fluid)
ounces (troy)
ounces (troy)
ounces (troy)
ounces (troy)
ounces (troy)
pecks (British)
pecks (British)
pecks (US)
pecks (US)
pecks (US)
pecks (US)
pints (Brit.)
pints (Brit.)
pints (Brit.)
pints (Brit.)
pints (Brit.)
pints (Brit.)
pints (Brit.)
pints (Brit.)
pints (Brit.)
pints (US dry)
pints (US dry)
pints (US dry)
pints (US dry)
pints (US dry)
pints (US dry)
pints (US dry)
pints (US liquid)
pints (US liquid)
pints (US liquid)
pints (US liquid)
pints (US liquid)
pints (US liquid)
pints (US liquid)
pints (US liquid)
pints (US liquid)
pints (US liquid)
pints (US liquid)
pints (US liquid)
pounds of water
0.001
1.31E-03
0.2642
2.113
1.057
1.00E-06
9.43E-06
0.001
0.059192
0.061612
1.805
0.02957
480
31.103481
1.09714
20
0.08333
554.6
9.091901
0.25
537.605
8.809582
8
568.26125
34.67743
0.125
4
0.56826125
568.26125
20
1.032057
1.20095
550.6105
33.6003125
0.5506105
550.6105
0.0625
0.968939
0.5
473.1765
0.01671
28.875
4.73E-04
6.19E-04
0.125
4
0.4731765
473.1765
16
0.8326742
0.5
0.01602
cubic meters
cubic yards
gallons (U.S. liquid)
pints (U.S. liquid)
quarts (U.S. liquid)
liters
cubic inches
liters
cubic centimeter
cubic centimeter
cubic inches
liters
grains
grams
pennyweights (troy)
pounds (troy)
cubic inches
liters
bushels
cubic inches
liters
quarts (dry)
cubic centimeters
cubic inches
gallons (Brit.)
gills (Brit.)
liters
milliliters
ounces (Brit. fluid)
pints (US dry)
pints (US liquid)
cubic centimeters
cubic inches
liters
milliters
peck (US)
pint (Brit. dry)
quarts (US dry)
cubic centimeter
cubic feet
cubic inches
cubic meters
cubic yards
gallons (US)
gills (US)
liters
milliliters
ounce (US fluid)
pints (Brit. liquid)
quarts (liquid)
cubic feet
18
General Information
Units Conversion
Volume
MULTIPLY
BY
TO OBTAIN
pounds of water
pounds of water
quarts (dry)
quarts (liquid)
quarts (liquid)
quarts (liquid)
quarts (liquid)
quarts (liquid)
quarts (liquid)
quarts (liquid)
tablespoons (metric)
tablespoons (US)
teaspoons (metric)
27.68
0.1198
67.2
946.4
0.03342
57.75
9.46E-04
1.24E-03
0.25
0.9463
15
14.79
5
cubic inches
gallons
cubic inches
cubic centimeters
cubic feet
cubic inches
cubic meters
cubic yards
gallons
liters
milliliter
milliliter
milliliter
19
General Information
Fractional Decimal Equivalents
Fractional Decimal Equivalents

Fraction
Decimal
Equivalent
mm
Fraction
Decimal
Equivalent
mm
1/64
0.015625
0.397
33/64
0.515625
13.097
1/32
0.031250
0.794
17/32
0.531250
13.494
3/64
0.046875
1.191
35/64
0.546875
13.891
1/16
0.062500
1.588
9/16
0.562500
14.288
5/64
0.078125
1.984
37/64
0.578125
14.684
3/32
0.093750
2.381
19/32
0.593750
15.081
7/64
0.109375
2.778
39/64
0.609375
15.478
1/8
0.125000
3.175
5/8
0.625000
15.875
9/64
0.140625
3.572
41/64
0.640625
16.272
5/32
0.156250
3.969
21/32
0.656250
16.669
11/64
0.171875
4.366
43/64
0.671875
17.066
3/16
0.187500
4.763
11/16
0.687500
17.463
13/64
0.203125
5.159
45/64
0.703125
17.859
7/32
0.218750
5.556
23/32
0.718750
18.256
15/64
0.234375
5.953
47/64
0.734375
18.653
1/4
0.250000
6.350
3/4
0.750000
19.050
17/64
0.265625
6.747
49/64
0.765625
19.447
9/32
0.281250
7.144
25/32
0.781250
19.844
0.296875
7.541
51/64
0.796875
20.241
19/64
5/16
0.312500
7.938
13/16
0.812500
20.638
21/64
0.328125
8.334
53/64
0.828125
21.034
11/32
0.343750
8.731
27/32
0.843750
21.431
23/64
0.359375
9.128
55/64
0.859375
21.828
3/8
0.375000
9.525
7/8
0.875000
22.225
25/64
0.390625
9.922
57/64
0.890625
22.622
13/32
0.406250
10.319
29/32
0.906250
23.019
27/64
0.421875
10.716
59/64
0.921875
23.416
7/16
0.437500
11.113
15/16
0.937500
23.813
29/64
0.453125
11.509
61/64
0.953125
24.209
15/32
0.468750
11.906
31/32
0.968750
24.606
31/64
0.484375
12.303
63/64
0.984375
25.003
1/2
0.500000
12.700
1.000000
25.400
20
General Information
Temperature Conversions
Fahrenheit
Centigrade
Fahrenheit
Centigrade
Fahrenheit
Centigrade
+ 300
+ 148.89
+ 180
+ 82.22
+ 60
+ 15.56
+ 295
+ 146.11
+ 175
+ 79.44
+ 55
+ 12.78
+ 290
+ 143.33
+ 170
+ 76.67
+ 50
+ 10.00
+ 285
+ 140.56
+ 165
+ 73.89
+ 45
+ 7.22
+ 280
+ 137.78
+ 160
+ 71.11
+ 40
+ 4.44
+ 275
+ 135.00
+ 155
+ 68.33
+ 35
+ 1.67
+ 270
+ 132.22
+ 150
+ 65.56
+ 30
-+ 1.11
+ 265
+ 129.44
+ 145
+ 62.78
+ 25
-+ 3.89
+ 260
+ 126.67
+ 140
+ 60.00
+ 20
-+ 6.67
+ 255
+ 123.89
+ 135
+ 57.22
+ 15
-+ 9.44
+ 250
+ 121.11
+ 130
+ 54.44
+ 10
-+ 12.22
+ 245
+ 118.33
+ 125
+ 51.67
+ 5
-+ 15.00
+ 240
+ 115.56
+ 120
+ 48.89
-+ 17.78
+ 235
+ 112.78
+ 115
+ 46.11
-5
-+ 20.56
+ 230
+ 110.00
+ 110
+ 43.33
-10
-+ 23.33
+ 225
+ 107.22
+ 105
+ 40.56
-15
-+ 26.11
+ 220
+ 104.44
+ 100
+ 37.78
-20
-+ 28.89
+ 215
+ 101.67
+ 95
+ 35.00
-25
-+ 31.67
+ 210
+ 98.89
+ 90
+ 32.22
-30
-+ 34.44
+ 205
+ 96.11
+ 85
+ 29.44
-35
-+ 37.22
+ 200
+ 93.33
+ 80
+ 26.67
-40
-+ 40.00
+ 195
+ 90.56
+ 75
+ 23.89
-45
-+ 42.78
+ 190
+ 87.78
+ 70
+ 21.11
-50
-+ 45.56
+ 185
+ 85.00
+ 65
+ 18.33
-55
-+ 48.33
21
General Information
Useful Formulas
Useful Formulas
Temperature Centigrade = 5/9 (Temp. F - 32)
Temperature Fahrenheit = 9/5 (Temp. C) + 32
Temperature Absolute C = Temp. C + 273
Temperature Absolute F = Temp. F + 460
Volume Capacity of Pipes

Gallons per 1000 = 40.8 x (ID in inches)2
Barrels per 1000 = 0.9714 x (ID in inches)2
Cubic feet per 1000 = 5.454 x (ID in inches)2
Gallons per mile = 215.4240 x (ID in inches)2
Barrels per mile = 5.1291 x (ID in inches)2
Cubic Meter per 100 Meter = 0.0000785 (ID in inches)2
Approximate Volume of Hose

2 hose = 0.02 cubic feet per foot length or 51 mm = 0.00186 m3 per meter
21/2 hose = 0.03 cubic feet per foot length or 64 mm = 0.00279 m3 per meter
3 hose = 0.04 cubic feet per foot76 mm = 0.00372 m3 per meter
4 hose = 0.08 cubic feet per foot102 mm = 0.00743 m3 per meter
Velocity
Feet per minute = 1029.42 (Bbls per minuteminute) (ID in inches)2
Meter per minute = 1273240 (m3 per minuteminute) (ID in mm)2
Feet per second = Gallons per minuteminute (0.4085) (ID in inches)2
Meters per second = 76394400 (m3 per minuteminute) (ID in mm)2
Hydraulics
Horsepower = work per time = (force x distance) time
Heat (BTU / hr) = pressure (psi. across relief) x flow rate (gpm discharge) x 1.4848
Work (foot-pounds) = force (lbs) x distance (ft)
Power = pressure x flow or 1 HP = psi. x gpm 1713.6
Hydraulic HP = 0.000584 (Gallons per minute) x (Pressure, psi.)
Hydraulic HP = 0.02448 (Barrels per minute) x (Pressure, psi.)
Hydraulic HP = (Barrels per minute) x (Pressure, psi.) 40.8
Hydraulic HP = (Brake HP) x (Efficiency of power train to pump) x (Pump Efficiency)
Volumes
Bbl/ft. in round tank = (Diameter, in feet)2 7.14
Bbl/in. in round tank = (Diameter, in feet)2 85.7
Bbl/in. in square tank = 0.0143 (Length, ft.) Width, ft.)
Cubic feet per inch in square tank = 0.0833 (Length, ft.) Width, ft.)
m3 per M in round tank = 0.7854 (Diameter, in meters)2
m3 per centimeter in round tank = 0.007854 (Diameter, in meters)2
m3 per centimeter in square tank = Length (m) x Width (m) x 0.01
22
General Information
Useful Formulas
Mud Pit Calculation

0.0833 (Length, ft.) (Width, Ft.) = Cubic feet per inch of Depth
0.0148 (Length, ft.) (Width, Ft.) = Barrels per inch of Depth
0.00058 (Length, inches) (Width, inches) = Cubic feet per inch of Depth
m3 per centimeter of Depth = Length in Meter x Width in Meter x 0.01
m3 per m of Length = Length in Meter x Width in Meter
Pipe Displacement
(Metal Only w/Coupling)
0.002 (Wt of pipe per ft. with coupling) (Depth, ft.) = Displacement in ft3
0.00367 (Wt of pipe per ft. with coupling) (Depth, ft.) = Displacement in bbls
0.000124 x (Wt of pipe in kg/m with couplings) (Depth, m) = Displacement in m3
Reel Capacities for Coiled Tubing

Standard Shipping Spool Tubing Capacity (English)
Spool Measurements D =
1.00
(in)
E=
2.0
Reel Flange Core Flange
OD Height
Dia.
Width
A
B
C
90
21.0
48
48
15,997
112
20.0
72
60
25,447
116
22.0
72
60
28,903
120
24.0
72
60
32,484
124
26.0
72
60
36,191
128
28.0
72
60
40,024
135
26.5
82
65
43,291
140
29.0
82
65
50,081
142
30.0
82
65
52,412
154
31.0
92
65
59,713
154
28.0
98
65
54,863
160
24.0
112
79
60,971
180
34.0
112
89
107,367
180
25.0
130
89
81,993
1.25
2.0
1.50
2.0
9,961
15,746
18,498
19,921
22,861
24,379
27,353
30,947
32,795
37,808
33,489
37,362
66,567
51,023
1.75
2.75
2.00
3.0
2.375 2.875
3.5
4.0
3.50
4.5
Reel Capacities in Feet

6,635
11,310 7,030 5,529 3,387
12,456 8,935 6,362 4,060
13,635 9,934 7,226 4,765
16,085 10,964 8,121 5,500
17,357 12,025 9,048 6,267
19,093 13,191 9,584 6,576
22,087 15,729 11,762 7,475
22,087 15,729 11,762 8,407
25,774 18,598 14,074 9,185 6,110
23,635 16,612 12,265 8,606 5,575
25,348 18,802 13,477 9,054 5,482
46,547 31,544 24,536 16,332 11,054
35,333 23,719 19,260 13,197 8,254
3,729
7,330
4,827
Standard Shipping Spool Tubing Capacity (Metric)

Spool
Measurements (m)
Reel Flange Core
OD Height Dia.
A
B
2.29 0.533 1.219
2.84 0.508 1.829
2.95 0.559 1.829
3.05 0.610 1.829
3.15 0.660 1.829
3.25 0.711 1.829
3.43 0.673 2.083
3.56 0.737 2.083
3.61 0.762 2.083
3.91 0.787 2.337
3.91 0.711 2.489
4.06 0.610 2.845
4.57 0.864 2.845
4.57 0.635 3.302
D (mm)
E (mm)
Flange
Width
C
1.219
1.524
1.524
1.524
1.524
1.524
1.651
1.651
1.651
1.651
1.651
2.007
2.261
2.261
25.4
50.8
4,876
7,756
8,810
9,901
11,031
12,199
13,195
15,265
15,975
18,200
16,722
18,584
32,725
24,992
31.75
50.8
60.325
88.9
73.025
101.6
88.9
114.3
Reel Capacities in Meters

3,036 2,022
4,799 3,447 2,143 1,685
1,032
5,638 3,797 2,723 1,939
1,238
6,072 4,156 3,028 2,202
1,452
6,968 4,903 3,342 2,475
1,676
7,431 5,291 3,665 2,758
1,910
8,337 5,819 4,021 2,921
2,004
9,433 6,732 4,794 3,585
2,278
9,996 6,732 4,794 3,585
2,563
11,524 7,856 5,669 4,290
2,800
10,208 7,204 5,063 3,738
2,623
11,388 7,726 5,731 4,108
2,760
20,290 14,188 9,614 7,479
4,978
15,552 10,770 7,230 5,870
4,022
1,862
1,699
1,671
3,369
2,516
1,137
2,234
1,471
23
38.1
50.8
44.45
69.85
50.8
76.2
General Information
Useful Formulas
NOTE 1: N & M must be rounded down to an integer number.

NOTE 2: L is in the same units as A, B, C, D and E
24
General Information
Nitrogen Properties & Uses

Nitrogen makes up approximately 78% of the earth's atmosphere. Nitrogen gas is an inert
gas that is both colorless and odorless with a density of 0.0724 pounds / scf (at 14.7psia and
60F). In 1959, when techniques for using liquid nitrogen were developed, nitrogen made its
introduction into the oilfield. Nitrogen is converted into a liquid (along with oxygen) through a
gas separation and liquification plant. The liquid nitrogen (LN2) is considered a cryogenic
material. Cryogenics is a term used for materials at -150F or colder.
Temperature Characteristics
At atmospheric pressure (14.7 psia), liquid nitrogen will "boil" at -320.5F. In other words, it
begins to vaporize to a gas above -320.5F.
LN2 boiling point = -320.5F at 14.7 psia
The critical temperature (where all properties of the coexisting vapor and liquid phases
become identical) = -232.8F
Volume Characteristics
If you had one gallon of liquid nitrogen (at atmospheric pressure) and allowed it to vaporize
entirely into gas, you would then have 93.11 scf (standard cubic feet) of nitrogen gas. Standard conditions are considered to be at 14.7 psi (1 atmosphere) pressure and 70F.
Our conversion tables tell us that one gallon is equal to 0.1337 cubic feet. Our one gallon of
liquid nitrogen is also 0.1337 cubic feet of liquid nitrogen. If it is allowed to entirely vaporize
to a gas (at 14.7 psi and 70F), you would still end up with 93.11 scf of gas. This is equivalent to 696.5 gallons of gas. Remember, 93.11 cf / 0.1337 cf/gallon = 696.5 gallon.
25
General Information
Conversion Data
1 lb
1 kg
lb
1.0000
2.205
1 SCF Gas 1 Nm Gas 1 Gal Liquid 1 L Liquid

0.07245
2.757
6.745
1.782
kg
0.4536
1.0
0.03286
1.2506
3.060
0.8083
scf gas
13.803
30.42
1.0
38.04
93.11
24.60
Nm
0.3627
0.7996
0.02628
1.0
2.447
0.6464
Gal Liquid
0.1481
0.3262
0.01074
0.4080
1.0
0.2642
* Nm (normal cubic meter) gas measured at 1 atmosphere and 0C. All values rounded to nearest 4/5 significant
numbers. SCF (standard cubic foot) gas measured at 1 atmosphere and 70F. Liquid measured at 1 atmosphere and
boiling temperature. All values are consistent with standards adopted by the Compressed Gas Association on June
6, 1962.
L Liquid
0.5606
1.2349
0.04065
1.5443
3.785
Nitrogen Characteristics
Chemical Symbol = N2
Molecular Weight = 28.016

Triple Point = -345.9F at 1.82 psig
Specific Gravity of Liquid Nitrogen (water = 1.0) = 0.809
Normal Boiling Point = -320.45F
Latent Heat of Evaporation = 85.67 BTU / lb
Critical Temperature = -232.87F
Critical Pressure = 492.3 psia
Critical Pressure Atmospheres abs. = 33.54
Triple Point Pressure Atmospheres abs. = 0.1238
Triple Point Pressure psia = 1.819
Specific Heat (cp) @ 77F = 0.4471 BTU / (lb) (F)
Specific Heat (cv) @ 70F = 0.3197 BTU / (lb) (F)
Ratio of Specific Heat = 1.4014 @ 70F
Coeff Viscosity, Micropoises @ 77F = 117.96
Thermal Conductivity @ 60F = 0.01462 BTU / ft/hour
Density of Saturated Vapor @ 14.7 psia - 0.03635 lb/ft
Density lb/ft 70F 1 ATM = 0.07245
Specific Gravity of Saturated Vapor @14.7 psia (air = 1.0) = 0.967
Specific Volume cu. ft. per lb. 70F 1 ATM = 13.803
Density of Liquid Nitrogen @ Normal Boiling Point = 50.443 lb/ft
Weighs approximately 3% less than air (at atmospheric temperature)
Odorless, Colorless, Tasteless
Nontoxic and nonflammable
26
1.0
General Information
Safety
Wear protective clothing to cover as much of the body as possible.
Safety goggles
Thermal or leather gloves
Long sleeve shirts
Cuffless trousers (don't stick your pants in your boots)
Avoid skin contract. Liquid nitrogen is hazardous. Contact with

human tissue will destroy the tissue in a manner similar to high
temperature burns. Freeze burns will result from contact with the
actual liquid or contact with the cold surfaces of piping and
equipment containing the liquid.
Liquid nitrogen causes immediate damage to your eyes.
damage is usually beyond repair.
Eye
A well ventilated work environment is essential. Without proper

ventilation, nitrogen can displace oxygen to cause dizziness,
unconsciousness, or even death when inhaled.
First Aid
1. Remove any clothing that may restrict blood circulation to the affected body area.
2. Do not rub the affected area as this may cause further tissue damage.
3. Apply cold compresses if possible.
4. Get to a physician for treatment.
Oilfield Applications
Freeing stuck drill pipe

Drill stem testing
Enhance perforating
Nitrogen fracs
Unload fluids from a well
Inhibit tubulars
Nitrogen acid treatments
Displace fluids down tubulars
Set hydraulic packers
Pipeline purging, cleaning, and testing
Gas lift
Cementing
Pressure testing
Treating Iron
Carbon steel becomes brittle at approximately -40F. Allowing LN2 or nitrogen gas at this
temperature in the carbon steel treating iron is one of the most dangerous mistakes an operator can make. When this occurs, any shock could cause treating iron to break like glass.
Carbon Steel cannot withstand rapid contraction. Nitrogen can shrink the inside of treating
iron faster than the outside of the treating iron causing it to separate.
27
General Information
Coiled Tubing Glossary

-AAbsolute Pressure
The pressure measured from a vacuum. (0 psi absolute pressure = vacuum)
Absolute pressure minus atmospheric pressure equals gauge pressure.
Note that it is physically impossible to have a negative absolute pressure.
Accumulator
* A pressure vessel charged with nitrogen gas used to store hydraulic fluid
under pressure for operation of pressure control equipment.
Accumulator precharge
* An initial nitrogen charge in an accumulator which is further compressed
when the hydraulic fluid is pumped into the accumulator storing potential
energy.
Actuation Test, well control component

* The closing and opening of a well control component to assure mechanical
functioning.
Annulus
The annulus is the area between the CT and the well tubulars.
Axial Load
Force applied along the length of the CT string. Tension is positive. Compression is negative.
Axial Stress
The axial load at a given point in the CT divided by the cross-sectional area
of the CT.
The axial stress is part of the Von Mises Stress.
Azimuth
The azimuth in well survey data is the angle from North, in degrees, of the
well axis at a given point. For example, a section of a well that goes East,
has an azimuth of 90 degrees.
-BBHA
Bottom hole assembly
28
General Information
Bingham Plastic
Bingham plastic is the model for a fluid which does not flow until a specific
yield point is reached. Cement and some drilling muds are often modeled as
Bingham plastics.
Blind Rams
* The rams in a well control stack which are designed to seal against each
other to effectively close the wellbore when there are no tools or pipe
through the well control stack. The blind rams are not intended to seal
against coiled tubing.
Blowout
* An uncontrolled flow of pressurized wellbore fluids and/or formation fluids
out of the wellbore or into lower pressured subsurface zones (underground
blowout).
-CCheck valve
* A valve that allows flow through it in one direction only. This device is
installed at the coiled tubing connector and allows fluid to be circulated
down the string but prevents backflow. This device may be a ball-and-seat
type or flapper type.
Choke
* A device with either a fixed or a variable aperture used to control the rate of
flow of liquids and/or gas.
Christmas tree
* A term applied to the combination of valves and fittings assembled above
the top of the tubing spool on a completed well to contain well pressure and
control the flow of hydrocarbons and other fluids.
Closing ratio
* The ratio of the wellhead pressure to the hydraulic actuation pressure
required to close the well control component.
Collapse
* Flattening of the coiled tubing due to external pressure or external pressure
combined with either tension or bending.
Compression
When a portion of a CT string is pushed together along its axis, it is in compression.
Compression is the opposite of tension.
29
General Information
Continuous Taper
Varying wall thickness of a section of CT linearly from one end of the section
to the other.
Critical Buckling
The point where a section of CT begins to form a sinusoidal curve in the
hole. Critical bucking does not mean that your tubing cannot go further into
the hole. Usually called Sinusoidal Bucking.
-DDerate
To manually lower the used life of a string to the derating factor. You derate
welds and zones.
Derating Factor
The amount the used life of a weld or zone is reduced to. For example, a
zone with a derating factor of 85% means that it has 85% of the life it would
normally have.
Depth
The distance from the zero depth datum at the top of the well to the point in
question. Depth can be measured from the downhole end of a string, but
depth is not related to string position.
Drawdown
The difference between the bottom hole pressure at the reservoir and the
reservoir pressure. The change in pressure causes the fluid in a reservoir to
flow into the well. In a killed well, there is no drawdown because the bottom
hole pressure is equal to the reservoir pressure.
-EE-line Capable
A work reel that is e-line capable has connections for an electrical cable
installed inside the CT string.
Effective Wall
The effective wall of a CT string is the minimum wall minus the wall reduction. It represents the worst case for the actual wall thickness used in tubing
life and strength calculations.
Effective Well
The effective well is what is used in force and hydraulics calculations. In general, the effective well follows the innermost tubulars (tubing, casing, liners,
and open hole).
30
General Information
-FFailure Criterion
The point which Achilles uses as 100% used life for a string. Failure can be
defined in two ways: as crack initiation, or as fracture. In crack initiation, the
beginnings of a crack appears on the CT. In fracture, the crack has propagated through the wall of the CT and the CT cannot hold pressure.
Foam Quality
The ratio of the volume of gas over the total volume of the fluid. A foam with
a quality of 1 is all gas. A foam with a quality of 0 is all liquid. Foam quality is
dependent on temperature, as temperature affects the volume of gas.
Freeboard
The distance from the top of the last wrap of coiled tubing to the outside of
the flange of the reel. For safety reasons, the reel is never completely filled
with coiled tubing. Some operators recommend a different freeboard for
each coiled tubing diameter. The more freeboard, the less the reel capacity.
-GGate Valve
* A valve which employs a sliding gate to open or close the flow passage.
The valve may or may not be full-opening.
Gauge Pressure
The pressure indicated by a pressure gauge. (0 psi gauge pressure = atmospheric pressure) Gauge pressure plus atmospheric pressure equals absolute pressure. Note that it is possible to have a negative gauge pressure.
-HHelical Buckling
The point where a section of CT begins to form a helix in the well casing. In a
vertical well, helical buckling begins as soon as any compressive load is
applied. The helix introduces additional bending stresses and friction, which
can lead to lockup.
Helical Buckling Load

The amount of force required to reach helical bucking.
Hoop Stress
The stress around the circumference of the CT due to inner and outer pressure.
The hoop stress is part of the Von Mises Stress.
31
General Information
-IInclination
The inclination in well survey data is the angle, in degrees, between the well
axis and the vertical axis at a given depth. A vertical section of well has an
inclination of 0 degrees. A horizontal section of well has an inclination of 90
degrees.
-KKill Line
* A high-pressure line between the pumps and some point below a well control component. This line allows fluids to be pumped into the well or annulus with the well control component closed.
-LLockup Depth
The depth, if any, at which the increased drag due to helical buckling causes
the downhole end of the tubing to stop moving into the well, even though tubing may still be entering the well at the surface. If this occurs, the bottom of
the well cannot be reached and the job cannot be performed with the existing
configuration.
-MMeasured Depth
The current depth of the tubing following the trajectory of the well as indicated by the depth counter at the surface. The actual depth may be slightly
less due to buckling. Note that measured depth is different from True Vertical
Depth.
Minimum Wall
The minimum wall is the smallest allowable thickness for a given nominal
wall according to the manufacturer's specifications. Although the actual wall
thickness will in most cases be greater, for critical calculation purposes, the
minimum wall thickness is used to ensure that a worst-case scenario is considered.
-NNewtonian Fluid
Newtonian is the model for fluids exhibiting a linear relationship between
shear stress and shear rate. Few oil field fluids are truly Newtonian, but the
Newtonian model is the best known and easiest to understand. Fresh water
can be modeled as a Newtonian fluid.
32
General Information
Nominal Wall
The nominal wall is the target wall thickness sold by the manufacturer and
commonly referred to by users. The actual wall size may vary within the plus
and minus specifications quoted by the manufacturer.
-PPipe Ram
* The rams in a well control stack which are designed to seal around coiled
tubing to close and isolate pressure in the annular space below the rams.
Pipe / Slip Ram

* The rams in a well control stack which are designed to provide the functions of both a pipe ram and a slip ram in one ram body.
Plug Valve
* A valve whose mechanism consists of a plug with a hole through it on the
same axis as the direction of fluid flow. Turning the plug 90 degrees opens
or closes the valve. The valve may or may not be full-opening.
POOH
An abbreviation for "pulling out of hole".
Position
Position on a string is the distance measured from the reel core end to the
point in question. The reel core end is at position zero. Position is not related
to depth, although depth is measured from the free end of a string.
Power Fluid
* Pressurized hydraulic fluid dedicated to the direct operation of functions.
Power Law Fluid

Power law is the model for fluids exhibiting a non-linear relationship between
shear stress and shear rate. Many oil field fluids, both water-based muds
and hydrocarbons, are modeled using the Power Law.
Precharge
* An initial nitrogen charge in an accumulator which is further compressed
when the hydraulic fluid is pumped into the accumulator storing potential
energy.
Pressure Test, well control component

* The process of performing an internal pressure test on the well control
component or well control stack.
33
General Information
Primary Barrier
* The primary barrier is the means which allows the coiled tubing service to
be performed in underbalanced conditions. Since coiled tubing service
units are designed to operate with surface well pressure present, the primary barrier is the well control stack.
-RRadial Stress
The stress through the CT wall due to inner and outer pressure.
The radial stress is part of the Von Mises Stress.Reel Back Tension
The tension maintained at the reel to insure that the tubing on the reel does
not uncoil or become slack.
Reel back tension only affects the surface weight calculation, not the
downhole forces, since the tubing is held at the injector.
Regulator (pressure)
* A hydraulic device that reduces upstream supply pressure to a desired
(regulated) pressure. It may be manual or remotely operated and, once set,
will automatically maintain the regulated output pressure unless reset to a
different pressure.
RIH
An abbreviation for "running in hole".
RTKB
RTKB (Rotary Table Kelly Bushing) is the depth reference typically used by
conventional drilling rigs when they drill a well.
-SSecondary Barrier
* The secondary barrier is the means which provides a contingency for maintaining well control in the event the primary barrier is unable to function
properly. For coiled tubing service units, the secondary barrier may include
additional surface well control components or kill weight fluids.
Section
A CT string is divided into sections which have different physical properties,
such as different wall sizes.
Shear Ram
* The rams in a well control stack which arc; designed to shear the coiled
tubing located directly across the ram position.
34
General Information
Shear / Seal Ram

* The rams in a well control stack which are designed to provide the functions of both a shear ram and a blind ram in one ram body.
Shipping Spool
A shipping spool is a spool used to hold a CT string for shipping purposes
only, and is not used for a job like a work reel.
Shut-off Valve
* A valve that closes a hydraulic or pneumatic supply line.
Sinusoidal Buckling
The CT snaking back and forth in the form of a sine wave. Also called snake
buckling. Sinusoidal buckling is not critical and does not affect tubing forces
calculations.
Sinusoidal Buckling Load

The compressive axial force at which the CT begins sinusoidal buckling.
Slip Ram
* The rams in a well control stack which are equipped with tubing slips that,
when engaged, prevent movement of the coiled tubing but do not isolate
pressure or control flow.
Snubbing
* Condition for working coiled tubing through an energized stripper, where
wellbore pressure applied against the cross-sectional area of the tube creates an upward acting force greater than the weight of the tubing in the
wellbore. In this condition mechanical assistance is required to apply thrust
to the tubing while injecting or to maintain control of the tubing when
extracting. This condition is commonly called pipe-light operations.
Stored Hydraulic Fluid Volume

* The fluid volume recoverable from the accumulator system between the
maximum designed accumulator operating pressure and the precharge
pressure.
String
* The makeup of a specific length of coiled tubing used for well intervention.
Stripper
* A device with a resilient elastomeric element used to effect a seal in the
annulus. This device is used primarily to isolate well pressure from the
atmosphere when injecting or extracting the coiled tubing in pressurized
wellbores.
35
General Information
Stripper Friction
The frictional force caused by the compression of the stripper packing elements on the tubing. This friction always acts in the opposite direction of the
tubing movement. Although variable, it is usually assumed to lie in the range
of 300 to 1,000 pounds of force.
Stripping
* Condition for working coiled tubing through an energized stripper where
wellbore pressure applied against the cross-sectional area of the tube creates an upward acting force less than the weight of the tubing in the wellbore. In this condition mechanical assistance is required to support the
tensile load of the tubing and maintain control when injecting or extracting.
This condition is commonly called pipe-heavy operations.
Surface Weight
The weight measured at the surface as the CT is run into and out of the well.
This weight should not exceed approximately 80% of the tensile force
required to yield the CT.
System Pressure Test

* The integrity test used to verify the ability of the pipe and pressure containment equipment in the service to maintain a pressure seal.
-TTarget Depth
Most hydraulics calculations are performed with a particular CT depth in
mind. This depth is the target depth.
Tensile Strength
* The maximum tensile stresses which a material is capable of sustaining.
Tensile strength is calculated from the maximum load during a tension test
carried to rupture and the original cross-sectional area of the specimen.
Tension
When a portion of a CT string is being pulled, it is in tension.
Tension is the opposite of compression.
Tool
A single component in a tool string, such as a connector, nozzle, or packer.
Tool String
A tool string is a bottom hole assembly (BHA). It is composed of tools.
Trip
One trip is the string running into and out of the hole.
36
General Information
True Vertical Depth

The vertical distance from the surface to a point in the well.
-UUsable Hydraulic Pressure

* The hydraulic fluid volume, which can be recovered from the accumulator
system between the maximum designed-accumulator operating pressure
and the minimum operating pressure.
Used Life
Used life of a work string comes from accumulated fatigue and derating. The
used life of a work string is represented by a percentage. A new string has
0% used life. A work string should be retired or repaired before it reaches too
high a used life.
-VVon Mises Stress

The Von Mises stress (vm) is a common method for describing the yielding
of steel under combined states of stress. It includes the influences of axial
stress (a), radial stress (r), and hoop stress (h).
vm =
1
( a r )2 + ( a h )2 + ( r h )2
2
-WWall Reduction
The reduction in wall thickness due to exposure to service conditions such
as acid jobs and sand abrasion.
Work Reel
A work reel is a reel you use for an actual job, as opposed to a shipping
spool, which is only used for shipping or storage.
Work String
A work string is a CT string which is actively used in coiled tubing operations.
When a work string accumulates too much fatigue, it may be retired and
used for other purposes.
-YYield Strength
* The stress at which a material exhibits a specified strain.
37
General Information
Young's Modulus
The modulus of elasticity of the material. Young's Modulus is a measurement
of how elastic a material is, or how much a material can bend and still return
to its original shape. Young's Modulus for steel is 30,000,000 psi.
-ZZero Depth Datum

The point from which depth is measured at the wellsite (depth = 0). This may
be the Master Valve, ground level, RTKB, at the reel, or any other user specified position.
Zone
You use zones to flag portions of a CT string and to manually derate fatigue
life.
* As per the API Recommended Practice 5C7, First Edition, December 1996
38
PIPE DATA TABLES & CHARTS

Pipe Sizes, Volumes & Displacements . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2
6
10
20
24
30
54
Coiled Tubing Performance Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Grade 70 ......................................................................................
Grade 80 ......................................................................................
Grade 90 ......................................................................................
Grade 100 ....................................................................................
Grade 110 ....................................................................................
Grade 120 ....................................................................................
3
13
22
32
42
51
Drill Pipe Yield Strength & Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Drill Pipe Yield Strength ...............................................................
Used Drill Pipe Yield Strength ......................................................
Drill Pipe Pressure........................................................................
Used Drill Pipe Pressure ..............................................................
3
7
11
15
Nitrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Calculations..................................................................................
Nitrogen Compressibility Factor ...................................................
Volume Factor - Low Pressure.....................................................
Volume Factor - Medium Pressure...............................................
Volume Factor - High Pressure ....................................................
Volume Factor High Temperature ................................................
Pressure vs. Depth for Well Full of Nitrogen ................................
1
4
5
6
7
8
9
Coiled Tubing Stress Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

External Pressure Multiplier ........................................................ 5
Compressive Load Multiplier ....................................................... 9
Internal Pressure Multiplier .......................................................... 13
Coiled Tubing Fatigue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Varying Materials..........................................................................
Varying Failure Criterion...............................................................
Coiled Tubing Diameters 1.50" - 2.375" .......................................
Varying Wall Thickness ................................................................
2
2
3
3
4
4
Coiled Tubing Volumes & Displacements ....................................

Tubing Sizes, Volumes & Displacements.....................................
Casing Sizes & Volumes ..............................................................
Drill Pipe Sizes & Volumes...........................................................
Annular Volumes for Coiled Tubing Inside of Tubing ...................
Annular Volumes for Coiled Tubing Inside of Casing...................
Annular Volume for Tubing inside of Casing ................................
Varying Reel Diameter ................................................................. 5

Varying Guide Arch Radius .......................................................... 5
Depth Correction & Stuck Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Helical Lockup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Horizontal Reach.......................................................................... 2
Maximum Weight.......................................................................... 9
Catastrophic Buckling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Catastrophic Buckling .................................................................. 3
Hydraulics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Straight Tubing ............................................................................. 7
Reeled Tubing .............................................................................. 9

Straight Tubing ............................................................................. 11

Reeled Tubing .............................................................................. 13

Straight Tubing ............................................................................. 15

Reeled Tubing .............................................................................. 17

Straight Tubing ............................................................................. 19

CT OD = 1.75 in.; Wall Thickness = 0.109 in. & 0.156 in
Reeled Tubing .............................................................................. 21

Straight Tubing ............................................................................. 23

Reeled Tubing .............................................................................. 25

Straight Tubing ............................................................................. 27

Reeled Tubing .............................................................................. 29

Straight Tubing ............................................................................. 31

Reeled Tubing .............................................................................. 33

Straight Tubing ............................................................................. 35

Reeled Tubing .............................................................................. 37

Plastic Stretch ............................................................................. 7

Elongation Due to Pressure - Poisson Effect ............................... 42
Period & Shortening due to Helical Buckling ............................... 48
Pipe Data Tables & Charts

Pipe Sizes, Volumes & Displacements

The following tables contain the sizes, volumes and displacements for casing, tubing, drill
pipe and coiled tubing. Tubing in these tables refers to production tubing. Additional
tables give the annular volumes for CT inside of casing, CT inside of tubing and tubing
inside of casing. Upsets and couplings are not considered in these calculations.
Equations
The following equations are used to calculate the volume in any consistent units. The volume must them be converted to the units shown in the tables.
The internal volume is:
2
di = 0.7854di2
4
Vi =
The displaced volume (referred to as displacement in the tables) is:
Vo =
2
d o = 0.7854d o2
4
The annular volume between two pipes is:
Va =
2
(di o do2i ) = 0.7854 (di2o do2i )
4
Nomenclature
dI
= internal diameter of the pipe
do
= external diameter of the pipe
dI-o = internal diameter of the outer pipe

do-I = external diameter of the inner pipe
Va
= annular volume between two pipes
VI
= internal volume of the pipe
Vo
= external volume of the pipe
Coiled Tubing Volumes & Displacements

Outside
Diameter
Area
Wall
Thickness
(Nominal)
Wall
Internal Volume
Internal
External Displacement
per
meter
per 1000 ft
per
meter
per 1000 ft
mm
in
mm
in
mm
in
mm
ft
gal
bbls
liters
ft
gal
bbls
liters
1.000
25.40
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
2.210
2.413
2.591
2.769
0.250
0.270
0.288
0.305
161.0
174.3
185.6
196.8
0.536
0.515
0.498
0.480
345.7
332.5
321.1
309.9
3.721
3.578
3.456
3.335
27.84
26.77
25.85
24.95
0.663
0.637
0.615
0.594
0.3457
0.3325
0.3211
0.3099
5.454
5.454
5.454
5.454
40.80
40.80
40.80
40.80
0.971
0.971
0.971
0.971
0.5067
0.5067
0.5067
0.5067
1.250
31.75
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
2.210
2.413
2.591
2.769
2.997
3.175
3.404
3.683
3.962
4.445
0.318
0.345
0.368
0.391
0.420
0.442
0.470
0.503
0.536
0.591
205.1
222.4
237.3
252.1
270.7
.285.0
303.1
324.7
345.9
381.3
0.909
0.882
0.859
0.836
0.808
0.785
0.757
0.724
0.691
0.636
586.7
569.3
554.4
539.7
521.0
506.7
488.6
467.0
445.8
410.4
6.315
6.128
5.967
5.809
5.608
5.454
5.260
5.027
4.799
4.418
47.24
45.84
44.64
43.45
41.95
40.80
39.34
37.60
35.90
33.05
1.125
1.091
1.063
1.035
0.999
0.971
0.937
0.895
0.855
0.787
0.5867
0.5693
0.5544
0.5397
0.5210
0.5067
0.4886
0.4670
0.4458
0.4104
8.522
8.522
8.522
8.522
8.522
8.522
8.522
8.522
8.522
8.522
63.75
63.75
63.75
63.75
63.75
63.75
63.75
63.75
63.75
63.75
1.518
1.518
1.518
1.518
1.518
1.518
1.518
1.518
1.518
1.518
0.7917
0.7917
0.7917
0.7917
0.7917
0.7917
0.7917
0.7917
0.7917
0.7917
1.500
38.10
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.117
0.134
0.145
2.413
2.591
2.769
2.997
3.175
2.972
3.404
3.683
0.419
0.448
0.476
0.512
0.540
0.508
0.575
0.617
270.5
289.0
307.3
330.5
348.4
328.0
371.0
398.2
1.348
1.319
1.291
1.255
1.227
1.259
1.192
1.150
869.6
851.1
832.8
809.6
791.7
812.1
769.1
741.9
9.360
9.161
8.964
8.714
8.522
8.742
8.278
7.985
70.02
68.53
67.06
65.19
63.75
65.39
61.93
59.74
1.667
1.632
1.596
1.552
1.518
1.557
1.474
1.422
0.8696
0.8511
0.8328
0.8096
0.7917
0.8121
0.7691
0.7419
12.272
12.272
12.272
12.272
12.272
12.272
12.272
12.272
91.80
91.80
91.80
91.80
91.80
91.80
91.80
91.80
2.186
2.186
2.186
2.186
2.186
2.186
2.186
2.186
1.1401
1.1401
1.1401
1.1401
1.1401
1.1401
1.1401
1.1401
in

anchor

Outside
Diameter
in
mm
Area
Wall
Thickness
(Nominal)
Wall
Internal Volume
Internal
per
meter
per 1000 ft
per
meter
per 1000 ft
in
mm
in
mm
in
mm
ft
gal
bbls
liters
ft
gal
bbls
liters
0.156
0.175
3.962
4.445
0.659
0.728
425.0
470.0
1.108
1.039
715.1
670.1
7.698
7.213
57.58
53.96
1.371
1.285
0.7151
0.6701
12.272
12.272
91.80
91.80
2.186
2.186
1.1401
1.1401
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.188
2.769
2.997
3.175
3.404
3.683
3.962
4.445
4.775
0.562
0.605
0.638
0.680
0.731
0.781
0.866
0.923
362.5
390.3
411.7
438.9
471.7
504.0
558.6
595.2
1.843
1.800
1.767
1.725
1.674
1.624
1.539
1.483
1189.3
1161.5
1140.1
1112.9
1080.1
1047.8
993.1
956.6
12.801
12.502
12.272
11.979
11.626
11.278
10.690
10.297
95.76
93.52
91.80
89.61
86.97
84.37
79.97
77.03
2.280
2.227
2.186
2.133
2.071
2.009
1.904
1.834
1.1893
1.1615
1.1401
1.1129
1.0801
1.0478
0.9931
0.9566
16.703
16.703
16.703
16.703
16.703
16.703
16.703
16.703
124.95
124.95
124.95
124.95
124.95
124.95
124.95
124.95
2.975
2.975
2.975
2.975
2.975
2.975
2.975
2.975
1.5518
1.5518
1.5518
1.5518
1.5518
1.5518
1.5518
1.5518
2.000
50.80
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.188
2.769
2.997
3.175
3.404
3.683
3.962
4.445
4.775
0.648
0.698
0.736
0.786
0.845
0.904
1.003
1.070
417.8
450.1
475.0
506.8
545.2
583.0
647.3
690.5
2.494
2.444
2.405
2.356
2.297
2.238
2.138
2.071
1609.1
1576.7
1551.8
1520.0
1481.7
1443.8
1379.5
1336.4
17.320
16.972
16.703
16.362
15.948
15.541
14.849
14.385
129.56
126.96
124.95
122.39
119.30
116.25
111.08
107.60
3.085
3.023
2.975
2.914
2.840
2.768
2.645
2.562
1.6091
1.5767
1.5518
1.5200
1.4817
1.4438
1.3795
1.3364
21.817
21.817
21.817
21.817
21.817
21.817
21.817
21.817
163.20
163.20
163.20
163.20
163.20
163.20
163.20
163.20
3.886
3.886
3.886
3.886
3.886
3.886
3.886
3.886
2.0268
2.0268
2.0268
2.0268
2.0268
2.0268
2.0268
2.0268
2.375
60.33
0.125
0.134
0.145
3.175
3.404
3.683
0.884
0.943
1.016
570.0
608.6
655.4
3.547
3.487
3.414
2288.1
2249.5
2202.8
24.629
24.213
23.710
184.24
181.13
177.37
4.386
4.312
4.223
2.2881
2.2495
2.2028
30.765
30.765
30.765
230.14
230.14
230.14
5.479
5.479
5.479
2.8581
2.8581
2.8581

44.45
1.750
Outside
Diameter
in
mm
Area
Wall
Thickness
(Nominal)
Wall
Internal Volume
Internal
per
meter
per 1000 ft
per
meter
per 1000 ft
in
mm
in
mm
in
mm
ft
gal
bbls
liters
ft
gal
bbls
liters
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.236
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
5.994
1.088
1.210
1.292
1.385
1.586
701.6
780.3
833.3
893.7
1023.2
3.343
3.221
3.138
3.045
2.844
2156.5
2077.8
2024.8
1964.5
1835.0
23.213
22.365
21.795
21.146
19.752
173.64
167.31
163.04
158.18
147.75
4.134
3.983
3.882
3.766
3.518
2.1565
2.0778
2.0248
1.9645
1.8350
30.765
30.765
30.765
30.765
30.765
230.14
230.14
230.14
230.14
230.14
5.479
5.479
5.479
5.479
5.479
2.8581
2.8581
2.8581
2.8581
2.8581
66.68
0.125
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.175
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
0.982
1.049
1.210
1.347
1.439
1.545
633.4
676.5
780.7
869.0
928.6
996.5
4.430
4.363
4.202
4.065
3.973
3.867
2858.1
2815.0
2710.9
2622.5
2562.9
2495.0
30.765
30.300
29.180
28.229
27.587
26.856
230.14
226.66
218.28
211.17
206.37
200.90
5.479
5.396
5.197
5.028
4.913
4.783
2.8581
2.8150
2.7109
2.6225
2.5629
2.4950
37.583
37.583
37.583
37.583
37.583
37.583
281.14
281.14
281.14
281.14
281.14
281.14
6.693
6.693
6.693
6.693
6.693
6.693
3.4915
3.4915
3.4915
3.4915
3.4915
3.4915
2.875
73.03
3.500
88.90
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.236
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.236
3.683
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
5.994
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
5.994
1.244
1.333
1.484
1.587
1.704
1.957
1.639
1.828
1.956
2.103
2.420
802.3
859.7
957.7
1023.9
1099.4
1262.3
1057.3
1179.4
1262.0
1356.5
1561.3
5.248
5.159
5.007
4.905
4.788
4.535
7.982
7.793
7.665
7.518
7.201
3385.9
3328.5
3230.6
3164.4
3088.9
2925.9
5149.8
5027.8
4945.1
4850.6
4645.9
36.446
35.828
34.774
34.061
33.248
31.495
55.432
54.119
53.229
52.212
50.008
272.63
268.01
260.12
254.80
248.71
235.60
414.66
404.84
398.18
390.57
374.09
6.491
6.381
6.193
6.066
5.922
5.609
9.873
9.639
9.480
9.299
8.906
3.3859
3.3285
3.2306
3.1644
3.0889
2.9259
5.1498
5.0278
4.9451
4.8506
4.6459
45.082
45.082
45.082
45.082
45.082
45.082
66.813
66.813
66.813
66.813
66.813
337.24
337.24
337.24
337.24
337.24
337.24
499.80
499.80
499.80
499.80
499.80
8.029
8.029
8.029
8.029
8.029
8.029
11.899
11.899
11.899
11.899
11.899
4.1883
4.1883
4.1883
4.1883
4.1883
4.1883
6.2072
6.2072
6.2072
6.2072
6.2072
2.625


Outside
Diameter
Area
Wall
Thickness
(Nominal)
Wall
Internal Volume
Internal
per
meter
per 1000 ft
per
meter
per 1000 ft
in
mm
in
mm
in
mm
in
mm
ft
gal
bbls
liters
ft
gal
bbls
liters
4.500
114.30
0.204
0.224
0.250
5.182
5.690
6.350
2.753
3.009
3.338
1776.3
1941.3
2153.5
13.151
12.895
12.566
8484.5
8319.5
8107.3
91.327
89.550
87.266
683.17
669.88
652.80
16.265
15.949
15.542
8.4845
8.3195
8.1073
110.447
110.447
110.447
826.20
826.20
826.20
19.671
19.671
19.671
10.2608
10.2608
10.2608
6.625
168.28
0.280
0.300
7.112
7.620
5.581
5.961
3600.9
3845.9
28.890
28.510
18638.8
18393.8
200.627
197.989
1500.79
1481.06
35.732
35.262
18.6388
18.3938
239.386
239.386
1790.73
1790.73
42.635
42.635
22.2397
22.2397
anchor

English Units
Outside
Diameter
in
lb/ft
Weight
EU
lb/ft
1.050
1.14
1.20
NU
1.50
IJ
lb/ft
Internal
Internal
Wall
Wall Area
Area
Diameter Thickness
in
in
in
in
Internal Volume
per 1,000 ft
ft
gal
bbls
per 1,000 ft
ft
gal
bbls
1.20
1.50
0.824
0.742
0.113
0.154
0.333
0.433
0.533
0.432
3.70
3.00
27.70
22.46
0.66
0.53
6.01
6.01
44.98
44.98
1.07
1.07
1.80
2.25
1.049
0.957
0.133
0.179
0.494
0.639
0.864
0.719
6.00
5.00
44.90
37.37
1.07
0.89
9.43
9.43
70.55
70.55
1.68
1.68
1.70
1.80
1.660
2.30
2.40
2.10
2.40
3.02
1.410
1.380
1.280
0.125
0.140
0.191
0.603
0.669
0.883
1.561
1.496
1.287
10.84
10.39
8.94
81.11
77.70
66.85
1.93
1.85
1.59
15.03
15.03
15.07
112.43
112.43
112.70
2.68
2.68
2.68
1.900
2.75
2.90
2.40
2.90
3.64
1.650
1.610
1.500
0.125
0.145
0.200
0.697
0.799
1.068
2.138
2.036
1.767
14.85
14.14
12.27
111.08
105.76
91.80
2.64
2.52
2.19
19.69
19.69
19.69
147.29
147.29
147.29
3.51
3.51
3.51
2.000
3.40
1.670
0.165
0.951
2.190
15.21
113.79
2.71
21.82
163.20
3.89
1.751
0.156
0.935
2.408
16.72
125.09
2.98
23.21
173.64
4.13
6.20
7.70
2.041
1.995
1.939
1.867
1.853
1.703
0.167
0.190
0.218
0.254
0.261
0.336
1.158
1.304
1.477
1.692
1.733
2.152
3.272
3.126
2.953
2.738
2.697
2.278
22.72
21.71
20.51
19.01
18.73
15.82
169.96
162.38
153.40
142.22
140.09
118.33
4.05
3.87
3.65
3.39
3.34
2.82
30.76
30.76
30.76
30.76
30.76
30.76
230.14
230.14
230.14
230.14
230.14
230.14
5.48
5.48
5.48
5.48
5.48
5.48
6.50
2.441
0.217
1.812
4.680
32.50
243.11
5.79
45.08
337.24
8.03
1.315
2.063
2.375
3.25
4.00
4.60
4.70
5.80
5.95
6.40
6.50
4.70
5.30

Tubing Sizes, Volumes & Displacements

English Units
Outside
Diameter
in
Internal
Internal
Wall
Wall Area
Area
Diameter Thickness
in
in
in
in
Internal Volume
per 1,000 ft
ft
gal
bbls
per 1,000 ft
ft
gal
bbls
lb/ft
Weight
EU
lb/ft
8.60
8.70
8.70
9.50
10.70
11.00
11.65
2.323
2.259
2.195
2.091
2.065
1.995
0.276
0.308
0.340
0.392
0.405
0.440
2.254
2.484
2.708
3.058
3.143
3.366
4.238
4.008
3.784
3.434
3.349
3.126
29.43
27.83
26.28
23.85
23.26
21.71
220.17
208.21
196.57
178.39
173.98
162.38
5.24
4.96
4.68
4.25
4.14
3.87
45.08
45.08
45.08
45.08
45.08
45.08
337.24
337.24
337.24
337.24
337.24
337.24
8.03
8.03
8.03
8.03
8.03
8.03
7.70
9.20
10.20
9.30
12.70
12.95
9.30
10.30
12.80
12.95
15.80
16.70
3.068
2.992
2.922
2.764
2.750
2.548
2.480
0.216
0.254
0.289
0.368
0.375
0.476
0.510
2.228
2.590
2.915
3.621
3.682
4.522
4.791
7.393
7.031
6.706
6.000
5.940
5.099
4.831
51.34
48.83
46.57
41.67
41.25
35.41
33.55
384.03
365.24
348.35
311.70
308.55
264.89
250.94
9.14
8.70
8.29
7.42
7.35
6.31
5.97
66.81
66.81
66.81
66.81
66.81
66.81
66.81
499.80
499.80
499.80
499.80
499.80
499.80
499.80
11.90
11.90
11.90
11.90
11.90
11.90
11.90
11.00
11.00
11.60
13.40
3.548
3.476
3.428
3.340
0.226
0.262
0.286
0.330
2.680
3.077
3.337
3.805
9.887
9.490
9.229
8.762
68.66
65.90
64.09
60.84
513.60
492.97
479.45
455.15
12.23
11.74
11.41
10.84
87.27
87.27
87.27
87.27
652.80
652.80
652.80
652.80
15.54
15.54
15.54
15.54
12.75
12.75
13.50
15.50
19.20
3.958
3.920
3.826
3.640
0.271
0.290
0.337
0.430
3.600
3.836
4.407
5.498
12.304
12.069
11.497
10.406
85.44
83.81
79.84
72.27
639.16
626.95
597.24
540.58
15.22
14.93
14.22
12.87
110.45
110.45
110.45
110.45
826.20
826.20
826.20
826.20
19.67
19.67
19.67
19.67
NU
2.875
IJ
lb/ft
3.500
12.60
4.500
anchor

9.50
4.000
Metric Units
Internal
Wall
Weight
Outside
Wall Area
IJ
NU
Diameter Thickness
EU
Diameter
mm
kg/m kg/m kg/m
mm
mm
mm
Internal
Area
mm
Internal
External
Volume/m Displacement/m
Liters
Liters
1.70
1.79
2.23
1.79
2.23
20.930
18.847
2.870
3.912
214.603
279.670
344.042
278.975
0.344
0.279
0.559
0.559
33.401
2.53
2.68
2.68
3.35
26.645
24.308
3.378
4.547
318.630
412.144
557.581
464.068
0.558
0.464
0.876
0.876
42.164
3.42
3.57
3.12
3.57
4.49
35.814
35.052
32.512
3.175
3.556
4.851
388.898
431.309
569.460
1007.385
964.974
830.190
1.007
0.965
0.830
1.396
1.396
1.400
48.260
4.09
4.32
3.57
4.32
5.42
41.910
40.894
38.100
3.175
3.683
5.080
449.703
515.778
689.122
1379.511
1313.436
1140.092
1.380
1.313
1.140
1.829
1.829
1.829
50.800
5.06
42.418
4.191
613.673
1413.156
1.413
2.027
44.475
3.962
602.966
1553.566
1.554
2.157
51.841
50.673
49.251
47.422
47.066
43.256
4.242
4.826
5.537
6.452
6.629
8.534
747.365
841.438
953.068
1091.922
1118.312
1388.589
2110.782
2016.708
1905.079
1766.225
1739.835
1469.558
2.111
2.017
1.905
1.766
1.740
1.470
2.858
2.858
2.858
2.858
2.858
2.858
26.670
52.400
60.325
4.84
5.95
6.84
6.99
8.63
8.85
6.99
7.89
9.23
11.46


Metric Units
Internal
Wall
Weight
Outside
Wall Area
IJ
NU
Diameter Thickness
EU
Diameter
mm
kg/m kg/m kg/m
mm
mm
mm
9.52
9.67
9.67
12.80
12.95
11.46
13.69
15.18
13.84
18.90
19.27
1169.047
1453.894
1602.485
1746.925
1972.787
2027.539
2171.546
3019.207
2734.360
2585.769
2441.329
2215.467
2160.715
2016.708
3.019
2.734
2.586
2.441
2.215
2.161
2.017
4.188
4.188
4.188
4.188
4.188
4.188
4.188
13.84
15.33
19.05
19.27
23.51
24.85
77.927
75.997
74.219
70.206
69.850
64.719
62.992
5.486
6.452
7.341
9.347
9.525
12.090
12.954
1437.720
1671.089
1880.856
2336.076
2375.191
2917.468
3090.713
4769.447
4536.078
4326.311
3871.091
3831.975
3289.699
3116.454
4.769
4.536
4.326
3.871
3.832
3.290
3.116
6.207
6.207
6.207
6.207
6.207
6.207
6.207
16.37
16.37
17.26
19.94
90.119
88.290
87.071
84.836
5.740
6.655
7.264
8.382
1728.732
1984.988
2152.907
2454.694
6378.588
6122.332
5954.413
5652.626
6.379
6.122
5.954
5.653
8.107
8.107
8.107
8.107
18.97
18.97
20.09
23.06
28.57
100.533
99.568
97.180
92.456
6.883
7.366
8.560
10.922
2322.867
2474.557
2843.503
3547.155
7937.960
7786.270
7417.324
6713.671
7.938
7.786
7.417
6.714
10.261
10.261
10.261
10.261
14.14
18.75
anchor

12.95
14.14
15.92
16.37
17.33
5.512
7.010
7.823
8.636
9.957
10.287
11.176
88.900
114.300
Internal
External
Volume/m Displacement/m
Liters
Liters
62.001
59.004
57.379
55.753
53.111
52.451
50.673
73.025
101.600
Internal
Area
mm
Inside
Wall
Internal
Outside
Weight
Diameter Thickness
Area
Diameter
Internal Volume per 1000 ft
Internal
Inside
Wall
Outside
Weight
Volume
Diameter Thickness
Diameter
per meter
lb/ft
in
in
in
ft
gal
bbls
Liters
mm
kg/m
mm
mm
4.000
5.65
9.50
11.60
3.607
3.500
3.428
0.197
0.250
0.286
10.218
9.621
9.229
70.961
66.813
64.093
530.83
499.80
479.45
12.638
11.899
11.415
6.592
6.207
5.954
101.6
8.41
14.14
17.26
91.6
88.9
87.1
4.991
6.350
7.264
4.500
6.75
9.50
10.50
11.00
11.60
12.60
13.50
15.10
16.60
17.70
18.80
4.216
4.090
4.052
4.026
4.000
3.958
3.920
3.826
3.754
3.697
3.640
0.142
0.205
0.224
0.237
0.250
0.271
0.290
0.337
0.373
0.402
0.430
13.960
13.138
12.895
12.730
12.566
12.304
12.069
11.497
11.068
10.735
10.406
96.946
91.238
89.550
88.405
87.266
85.443
83.811
79.839
76.863
74.546
72.265
725.20
682.50
669.88
661.31
652.80
639.16
626.95
597.24
574.97
557.65
540.58
17.266
16.249
15.949
15.745
15.542
15.217
14.927
14.219
13.689
13.277
12.870
9.007
8.476
8.319
8.213
8.107
7.938
7.786
7.417
7.141
6.926
6.714
114.3
10.04
14.14
15.62
16.37
17.26
18.75
20.09
22.47
24.70
26.34
27.97
107.1
103.9
102.9
102.3
101.6
100.5
99.6
97.2
95.4
93.9
92.5
3.607
5.207
5.690
6.020
6.350
6.883
7.366
8.560
9.474
10.198
10.922
4.750
9.50
16.00
18.00
4.364
4.082
4.000
0.193
0.334
0.375
14.958
13.087
12.566
103.872
90.881
87.266
777.01
679.84
652.80
18.500
16.186
15.542
9.650
8.443
8.107
120.7
14.14
23.81
26.78
110.8
103.7
101.6
4.902
8.484
9.525
5.000
8.00
11.50
13.00
15.00
4.696
4.560
4.494
4.408
0.152
0.220
0.253
0.296
17.320
16.331
15.862
15.261
120.277
113.411
110.152
105.977
899.74
848.38
824.00
792.76
21.421
20.199
19.618
18.874
11.174
10.536
10.233
9.846
127.0
11.90
17.11
19.34
22.32
119.3
115.8
114.1
112.0
3.861
5.588
6.426
7.518
10
in

Casing Sizes & Volumes

Inside
Wall
Internal
Outside
Weight
Diameter Thickness
Area
Diameter
in
Internal
Inside
Wall
Outside
Weight
Volume
Diameter Thickness
Diameter
per meter
in
in
ft
gal
bbls
Liters
18.00
20.30
20.80
21.00
23.20
24.20
4.276
4.184
4.156
4.154
4.044
4.000
0.362
0.408
0.422
0.423
0.478
0.500
14.360
13.749
13.566
13.553
12.844
12.566
99.725
95.480
94.206
94.115
89.197
87.266
745.99
714.24
704.71
704.03
667.24
652.80
17.761
17.005
16.778
16.762
15.886
15.542
9.265
8.870
8.752
8.744
8.287
8.107
5.250
8.50
10.00
13.00
16.00
4.944
4.886
4.768
4.648
0.153
0.182
0.241
0.301
19.198
18.750
17.855
16.968
133.317
130.207
123.994
117.831
997.28
974.02
927.54
881.44
23.744
23.190
22.083
20.986
12.386
12.097
11.519
10.947
5.500
9.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
15.50
17.00
20.00
23.00
25.00
26.00
5.192
5.044
5.012
4.974
4.950
4.892
4.778
4.670
4.580
4.548
0.154
0.228
0.244
0.263
0.275
0.304
0.361
0.415
0.460
0.476
21.172
19.982
19.729
19.431
19.244
18.796
17.930
17.129
16.475
16.245
147.027
138.764
137.009
134.939
133.640
130.527
124.514
118.949
114.409
112.815
1,099.84
1,038.03
1,024.90
1,009.42
999.70
976.41
931.43
889.80
855.84
843.92
26.185
24.714
24.401
24.033
23.801
23.247
22.176
21.185
20.376
20.092
5.750
14.00
17.00
5.290
5.190
0.230
0.280
21.979
21.156
152.630
146.914
1,141.75
1,098.99
27.183
26.165
mm
kg/m
mm
mm
26.78
30.21
30.95
31.25
34.52
36.01
108.6
106.3
105.6
105.5
102.7
101.6
9.195
10.363
10.719
10.744
12.141
12.700
133.4
12.65
14.88
19.34
23.81
125.6
124.1
121.1
118.1
3.886
4.623
6.121
7.645
13.659
12.892
12.729
12.536
12.416
12.126
11.568
11.051
10.629
10.481
139.7
13.39
19.34
20.83
22.32
23.06
25.30
29.76
34.22
37.20
38.69
131.9
128.1
127.3
126.3
125.7
124.3
121.4
118.6
116.3
115.5
3.912
5.791
6.198
6.680
6.985
7.722
9.169
10.541
11.684
12.090
14.180
13.649
146.1
20.83
25.30
134.4
131.8
5.842
7.112

in
11
lb/ft
Inside
Wall
Internal
Outside
Weight
Diameter Thickness
Area
Diameter
in
Internal
Inside
Wall
Outside
Weight
Volume
Diameter Thickness
Diameter
per meter
in
in
in
ft
gal
bbls
Liters
20.00
22.50
25.20
5.090
4.990
4.890
0.330
0.380
0.430
20.348
19.556
18.781
141.307
135.809
130.420
1,057.05
1,015.92
975.61
25.167
24.188
23.228
13.128
12.617
12.116
6.000
10.50
12.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
20.00
23.00
26.00
5.672
5.620
5.524
5.500
5.450
5.424
5.352
5.240
5.140
0.164
0.190
0.238
0.250
0.275
0.288
0.324
0.380
0.430
25.268
24.806
23.966
23.758
23.328
23.106
22.497
21.565
20.750
175.469
172.266
166.431
164.988
162.002
160.460
156.228
149.758
144.097
1,312.60
1,288.64
1,244.99
1,234.20
1,211.86
1,200.32
1,168.67
1,120.27
1,077.92
31.251
30.681
29.641
29.384
28.853
28.578
27.824
26.672
25.664
16.302
16.004
15.462
15.328
15.050
14.907
14.514
13.913
13.387
6.625
12.00
13.00
17.00
20.00
22.00
24.00
26.00
28.00
29.00
32.00
34.00
6.287
6.255
6.135
6.049
5.989
5.921
5.855
5.791
5.761
5.675
5.595
0.169
0.185
0.245
0.288
0.318
0.352
0.385
0.417
0.432
0.475
0.515
31.044
30.729
29.561
28.738
28.171
27.535
26.924
26.339
26.067
25.294
24.586
215.583
213.394
205.285
199.570
195.630
191.213
186.974
182.909
181.019
175.654
170.737
1,612.67
1,596.30
1,535.64
1,492.88
1,463.42
1,430.37
1,398.66
1,368.25
1,354.11
1,313.99
1,277.20
38.395
38.005
36.561
35.543
34.842
34.055
33.300
32.576
32.239
31.284
30.408
20.028
19.825
19.072
18.541
18.175
17.764
17.370
16.993
16.817
16.319
15.862
12
lb/ft
mm
kg/m
mm
mm
29.76
33.48
37.50
129.3
126.7
124.2
8.382
9.652
10.922
152.4
15.62
17.86
22.32
23.81
25.30
26.78
29.76
34.22
38.69
144.1
142.7
140.3
139.7
138.4
137.8
135.9
133.1
130.6
4.166
4.826
6.045
6.350
6.985
7.315
8.230
9.652
10.922
168.3
17.86
19.34
25.30
29.76
32.74
35.71
38.69
41.66
43.15
47.62
50.59
159.7
158.9
155.8
153.6
152.1
150.4
148.7
147.1
146.3
144.1
142.1
4.293
4.699
6.223
7.315
8.077
8.941
9.779
10.592
10.973
12.065
13.081


Inside
Wall
Internal
Outside
Weight
Diameter Thickness
Area
Diameter
Internal
Inside
Wall
Outside
Weight
Volume
Diameter Thickness
Diameter
per meter
in
in
in
ft
gal
bbls
Liters
mm
kg/m
mm
mm
7.000
13.00
17.00
20.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
26.00
28.00
29.00
30.00
32.00
33.70
34.00
35.00
35.30
38.00
40.00
41.00
44.00
6.520
6.538
6.456
6.398
6.366
6.336
6.276
6.214
6.184
6.154
6.094
6.048
6.040
6.004
6.000
5.920
5.836
5.820
5.720
0.240
0.231
0.272
0.301
0.317
0.332
0.362
0.393
0.408
0.423
0.453
0.476
0.480
0.498
0.500
0.540
0.582
0.590
0.640
33.388
33.572
32.735
32.150
31.829
31.530
30.935
30.327
30.035
29.744
29.167
28.729
28.653
28.312
28.274
27.525
26.750
26.603
25.697
231.858
233.140
227.329
223.263
221.035
218.956
214.829
210.606
208.577
206.558
202.550
199.504
198.976
196.611
196.350
191.148
185.762
184.745
178.451
1,734.42
1,744.01
1,700.54
1,670.12
1,653.46
1,637.91
1,607.03
1,575.44
1,560.26
1,545.16
1,515.18
1,492.39
1,488.45
1,470.76
1,468.80
1,429.89
1,389.60
1,381.99
1,334.91
41.294
41.522
40.487
39.763
39.366
38.996
38.261
37.509
37.148
36.788
36.074
35.532
35.438
35.016
34.970
34.044
33.084
32.903
31.782
21.540
21.659
21.120
20.742
20.535
20.342
19.958
19.566
19.377
19.190
18.818
18.535
18.485
18.266
18.241
17.758
17.258
17.163
16.579
177.8
19.34
25.30
29.76
32.74
34.22
35.71
38.69
41.66
43.15
44.64
47.62
50.14
50.59
52.08
52.53
56.54
59.52
61.01
65.47
165.6
166.1
164.0
162.5
161.7
160.9
159.4
157.8
157.1
156.3
154.8
153.6
153.4
152.5
152.4
150.4
148.2
147.8
145.3
6.096
5.867
6.909
7.645
8.052
8.433
9.195
9.982
10.363
10.744
11.506
12.090
12.192
12.649
12.700
13.716
14.783
14.986
16.256
7.625
14.75
20.00
24.00
26.40
7.263
7.125
7.025
6.990
0.181
0.250
0.300
0.318
41.431
39.871
38.760
38.375
287.713
276.884
269.166
266.491
2,152.24
2,071.23
2,013.50
1,993.49
51.242
49.313
47.938
47.462
26.729
25.723
25.006
24.758
193.7
21.95
29.76
35.71
39.28
184.5
181.0
178.4
177.5
4.597
6.350
7.620
8.065

lb/ft
13
in
Inside
Wall
Internal
Outside
Weight
Diameter Thickness
Area
Diameter
in
Internal
Inside
Wall
Outside
Weight
Volume
Diameter Thickness
Diameter
per meter
14
lb/ft
in
in
in
ft
gal
bbls
Liters
29.70
33.70
36.00
38.00
39.00
45.00
45.30
6.875
6.765
6.705
6.655
6.625
6.445
6.435
0.375
0.430
0.460
0.485
0.500
0.590
0.595
37.122
35.944
35.309
34.785
34.472
32.624
32.523
257.794
249.611
245.203
241.559
239.386
226.555
225.852
1,928.43
1,867.22
1,834.24
1,806.99
1,790.73
1,694.75
1,689.49
45.913
44.456
43.671
43.022
42.635
40.349
40.224
23.950
23.190
22.780
22.442
22.240
21.048
20.982
7.75
46.10
6.560
0.595
33.799
234.712
1,755.77
41.802
21.805
16.00
20.00
26.00
7.628
7.528
7.386
0.186
0.236
0.307
45.699
44.509
42.846
317.357
309.091
297.540
2,374.00
2,312.16
2,225.76
56.521
55.049
52.992
8.125
28.00
32.00
35.50
39.50
42.00
7.485
7.385
7.285
7.185
7.125
0.320
0.370
0.420
0.470
0.500
44.002
42.834
41.682
40.546
39.871
305.570
297.460
289.459
281.566
276.884
2,285.82
2,225.15
2,165.30
2,106.26
2,071.23
8.625
20.00
24.00
28.00
32.00
36.00
8.191
8.097
8.017
7.921
7.825
0.217
0.264
0.304
0.352
0.400
52.694
51.492
50.479
49.278
48.090
365.933
357.582
350.551
342.206
333.961
2,737.37
2,674.90
2,622.30
2,559.88
2,498.20
mm
kg/m
mm
mm
44.19
50.14
53.57
56.54
58.03
66.96
67.41
174.6
171.8
170.3
169.0
168.3
163.7
163.4
9.525
10.922
11.684
12.319
12.700
14.986
15.113
196.9
68.60
166.6
15.113
29.483
28.716
27.642
203.2
23.81
29.76
38.69
193.8
191.2
187.6
4.724
5.994
7.798
54.422
52.978
51.553
50.147
49.313
28.388
27.635
26.892
26.158
25.723
206.4
41.66
47.62
52.82
58.78
62.50
190.1
187.6
185.0
182.5
181.0
8.128
9.398
10.668
11.938
12.700
65.173
63.685
62.433
60.947
59.478
33.996
33.220
32.567
31.792
31.026
219.1
29.76
35.71
41.66
47.62
53.57
208.1
205.7
203.6
201.2
198.8
5.512
6.706
7.722
8.941
10.160


Inside
Wall
Internal
Outside
Weight
Diameter Thickness
Area
Diameter
in
Internal
Inside
Wall
Outside
Weight
Volume
Diameter Thickness
Diameter
per meter
in
in
ft
gal
bbls
Liters
38.00
40.00
43.00
44.00
48.00
49.00
7.775
7.725
7.651
7.625
7.537
7.511
0.425
0.450
0.487
0.500
0.544
0.557
47.478
46.869
45.975
45.664
44.616
44.308
329.707
325.480
319.274
317.108
309.831
307.697
2,466.38
2,434.76
2,388.34
2,372.13
2,317.69
2,301.73
58.721
57.968
56.863
56.477
55.181
54.801
30.631
30.238
29.662
29.460
28.784
28.586
8.75
49.70
7.636
0.557
45.795
318.024
2,378.98
56.640
29.545
34.00
38.00
40.00
45.00
50.20
55.00
8.290
8.196
8.150
8.032
7.910
7.812
0.355
0.402
0.425
0.484
0.545
0.594
53.976
52.759
52.168
50.668
49.141
47.931
374.832
366.380
362.279
351.864
341.256
332.853
2,803.94
2,740.71
2,710.03
2,632.13
2,552.77
2,489.91
66.758
65.252
64.522
62.667
60.778
59.281
9.625
29.30
32.30
36.00
38.00
40.00
42.00
43.50
47.00
53.50
9.063
9.001
8.921
8.885
8.835
8.799
8.755
8.681
8.535
0.281
0.312
0.352
0.370
0.395
0.413
0.435
0.472
0.545
64.511
63.631
62.505
62.002
61.306
60.807
60.201
59.187
57.213
447.993
441.885
434.065
430.568
425.736
422.274
418.061
411.024
397.315
3,351.22
3,305.53
3,247.03
3,220.88
3,184.73
3,158.83
3,127.31
3,074.67
2,972.12
79.788
78.700
77.307
76.684
75.824
75.207
74.457
73.203
70.762
mm
kg/m
mm
mm
56.54
59.52
63.98
65.47
71.42
72.91
197.5
196.2
194.3
193.7
191.4
190.8
10.795
11.430
12.370
12.700
13.818
14.148
222.3
73.95
194.0
14.148
34.823
34.038
33.657
32.689
31.704
30.923
228.6
50.59
56.54
59.52
66.96
74.70
81.84
210.6
208.2
207.0
204.0
200.9
198.4
9.017
10.211
10.795
12.294
13.843
15.088
41.620
41.052
40.326
40.001
39.552
39.231
38.839
38.185
36.912
244.5
43.60
48.06
53.57
56.54
59.52
62.50
64.73
69.94
79.61
230.2
228.6
226.6
225.7
224.4
223.5
222.4
220.5
216.8
7.137
7.925
8.941
9.398
10.033
10.490
11.049
11.989
13.843

in
15
lb/ft
Inside
Wall
Internal
Outside
Weight
Diameter Thickness
Area
Diameter
in
Internal
Inside
Wall
Outside
Weight
Volume
Diameter Thickness
Diameter
per meter
16
lb/ft
in
in
in
ft
gal
bbls
Liters
58.40
61.10
71.80
8.435
8.375
8.125
0.595
0.625
0.750
55.880
55.088
51.849
388.059
382.558
360.059
2,902.88
2,861.73
2,693.43
69.113
68.134
64.127
36.052
35.541
33.451
9.75
59.20
8.560
0.595
57.549
399.645
2,989.56
71.177
37.128
9.875
62.80
8.625
0.625
58.426
405.738
3,035.13
72.262
10
33.00
41.50
45.50
50.50
55.50
61.20
9.384
9.200
9.120
9.016
8.908
8.790
0.308
0.400
0.440
0.492
0.546
0.605
69.162
66.476
65.325
63.844
62.323
60.683
480.290
461.640
453.646
443.359
432.801
421.410
3,592.82
3,453.30
3,393.51
3,316.55
3,237.57
3,152.37
10.75
32.75
35.75
40.50
45.50
48.00
51.00
54.00
55.50
60.70
65.70
10.192
10.136
10.050
9.950
9.902
9.850
9.784
9.760
9.660
9.560
0.279
0.307
0.350
0.400
0.424
0.450
0.483
0.495
0.545
0.595
81.585
80.691
79.327
77.756
77.008
76.201
75.184
74.815
73.290
71.780
566.560
560.352
550.883
539.975
534.778
529.176
522.108
519.550
508.958
498.475
4,238.17
4,191.72
4,120.89
4,039.29
4,000.41
3,958.51
3,905.64
3,886.50
3,807.27
3,728.85
mm
kg/m
mm
mm
86.90
90.92
106.84
214.2
212.7
206.4
15.113
15.875
19.050
247.7
88.09
217.4
15.113
37.694
250.8
93.45
219.1
15.875
85.540
82.218
80.794
78.962
77.082
75.053
44.620
42.888
42.145
41.189
40.208
39.150
254.0
49.10
61.75
67.70
75.14
82.58
91.06
238.4
233.7
231.6
229.0
226.3
223.3
7.823
10.160
11.176
12.497
13.868
15.367
100.904
99.799
98.112
96.170
95.244
94.246
92.987
92.532
90.645
88.778
52.635
52.058
51.179
50.165
49.682
49.162
48.505
48.268
47.284
46.310
273.1
48.73
53.20
60.26
67.70
71.42
75.89
80.35
82.58
90.32
97.76
258.9
257.5
255.3
252.7
251.5
250.2
248.5
247.9
245.4
242.8
7.087
7.798
8.890
10.160
10.770
11.430
12.268
12.573
13.843
15.113


Inside
Wall
Internal
Outside
Weight
Diameter Thickness
Area
Diameter
in
Internal
Inside
Wall
Outside
Weight
Volume
Diameter Thickness
Diameter
per meter
17
in
in
in
ft
gal
bbls
Liters
71.10
76.00
81.00
9.450
9.350
9.250
0.650
0.700
0.750
70.138
68.661
67.201
487.070
476.816
466.671
3,643.53
3,566.83
3,490.94
86.747
84.921
83.114
45.250
44.298
43.355
11
26.75
10.552
0.224
87.450
607.291
4,542.85
108.159
56.419
11.75
38.00
42.00
47.00
54.00
60.00
65.00
71.00
11.150
11.084
11.000
10.880
10.772
10.682
10.586
0.300
0.333
0.375
0.435
0.489
0.534
0.582
97.643
96.490
95.033
92.971
91.134
89.618
88.014
678.074
670.070
659.953
645.632
632.878
622.347
611.211
5,072.35
5,012.47
4,936.79
4,829.66
4,734.26
4,655.48
4,572.18
120.765
119.340
117.538
114.987
112.716
110.840
108.857
11.875
71.80
10.711
0.582
90.105
625.731
4,680.79
12
31.50
40.00
11.514
11.384
0.243
0.308
104.122
101.784
723.069
706.834
12.75
43.00
53.00
12.130
11.970
0.310
0.390
115.561
112.533
13
36.50
40.00
45.00
12.482
12.438
12.360
0.259
0.281
0.320
122.365
121.504
119.985
mm
kg/m
mm
mm
105.80
113.09
120.53
240.0
237.5
235.0
16.510
17.780
19.050
279.4
39.80
268.0
5.690
62.995
62.252
61.312
59.981
58.796
57.818
56.783
298.5
56.54
62.50
69.94
80.35
89.28
96.72
105.65
283.2
281.5
279.4
276.4
273.6
271.3
268.9
7.620
8.458
9.525
11.049
12.421
13.564
14.783
111.443
58.132
301.6
106.84
272.1
14.783
5,408.93
5,287.48
128.779
125.887
67.175
65.667
304.8
46.87
59.52
292.5
289.2
6.172
7.823
802.507
781.476
6,003.17
5,845.85
142.927
139.181
74.555
72.602
323.9
63.98
78.86
308.1
304.0
7.874
9.906
849.759
843.779
833.229
6,356.64
6,311.90
6,232.99
151.342
150.277
148.398
78.945
78.390
77.409
330.2
54.31
59.52
66.96
317.0
315.9
313.9
6.579
7.137
8.128

lb/ft
Inside
Wall
Internal
Outside
Weight
Diameter Thickness
Area
Diameter
in
Internal
Inside
Wall
Outside
Weight
Volume
Diameter Thickness
Diameter
per meter
in
in
in
ft
gal
bbls
Liters
50.00
54.00
12.282
12.220
0.359
0.390
118.475
117.282
822.746
814.460
6,154.57
6,092.58
146.531
145.055
76.436
75.666
13.375
48.00
54.50
61.00
68.00
72.00
77.00
83.00
85.00
92.00
98.00
12.715
12.615
12.515
12.415
12.347
12.275
12.175
12.159
12.031
11.937
0.330
0.380
0.430
0.480
0.514
0.550
0.600
0.608
0.672
0.719
126.976
124.987
123.013
121.055
119.733
118.340
116.420
116.114
113.682
111.913
881.780
867.964
854.258
840.661
831.477
821.808
808.473
806.349
789.461
777.173
6,596.17
6,492.82
6,390.29
6,288.58
6,219.88
6,147.55
6,047.80
6,031.91
5,905.58
5,813.66
157.045
154.584
152.143
149.722
148.086
146.364
143.989
143.611
140.603
138.415
81.920
80.637
79.363
78.100
77.247
76.348
75.110
74.912
73.343
72.202
13.5
81.40
12.340
0.580
119.597
830.535
6,212.83
147.918
13.625
88.20
12.375
0.625
120.276
835.253
6,248.12
14
42.00
50.00
13.488
13.344
0.256
0.328
142.884
139.850
992.253
971.179
15
47.50
14.418
0.291
163.268
16
52.50
55.00
15.396
15.375
0.302
0.313
186.168
185.661
18
lb/ft
mm
kg/m
mm
mm
74.40
80.35
312.0
310.4
9.119
9.906
339.7
71.42
81.10
90.77
101.18
107.13
114.57
123.50
126.48
136.89
145.82
323.0
320.4
317.9
315.3
313.6
311.8
309.2
308.8
305.6
303.2
8.382
9.652
10.922
12.192
13.056
13.970
15.240
15.443
17.069
18.263
77.159
342.9
121.12
313.4
14.732
148.758
77.598
346.1
131.24
314.3
15.875
7,422.57
7,264.93
176.720
172.967
92.183
90.226
355.6
62.50
74.40
342.6
338.9
6.502
8.331
1,133.803
8,481.43
201.930
105.334
381.0
70.68
366.2
7.391
1,292.835
1,289.311
9,671.08
9,644.72
230.254
229.626
120.108
119.781
406.4
78.12
81.84
391.1
390.5
7.671
7.938


Inside
Wall
Internal
Outside
Weight
Diameter Thickness
Area
Diameter
in
Internal
Inside
Wall
Outside
Weight
Volume
Diameter Thickness
Diameter
per meter
in
in
ft
gal
bbls
Liters
65.00
70.00
75.00
84.00
109.00
15.250
15.198
15.125
15.010
14.688
0.375
0.401
0.438
0.495
0.656
182.654
181.411
179.672
176.950
169.440
1,268.432
1,259.796
1,247.723
1,228.821
1,176.665
9,488.53
9,423.93
9,333.62
9,192.22
8,802.06
225.908
224.370
222.219
218.853
209.564
117.841
117.039
115.917
114.161
109.316
18
78.00
87.50
96.50
17.194
17.088
16.986
0.403
0.456
0.507
232.190
229.336
226.606
1,612.431
1,592.612
1,573.655
12,061.82
11,913.56
11,771.76
287.174
283.644
280.268
149.800
147.958
146.197
18.625
73.09
78.00
87.50
96.50
17.875
17.855
17.755
17.655
0.375
0.385
0.435
0.485
250.947
250.386
247.589
244.808
1,742.687
1,738.790
1,719.368
1,700.054
13,036.21
13,007.05
12,861.76
12,717.29
310.373
309.678
306.219
302.780
20
90.00
94.00
106.50
133.00
19.166
19.124
19.000
18.730
0.417
0.438
0.500
0.635
288.505
287.242
283.529
275.528
2,003.505
1,994.733
1,968.950
1,913.388
14,987.26
14,921.64
14,728.77
14,313.13
21.5
103.00
114.00
20.610
20.510
0.445
0.495
333.615
330.386
2,316.772
2,294.345
17,330.66
17,162.89
anchor
mm
kg/m
mm
mm
96.72
104.16
111.60
124.99
162.19
387.4
386.0
384.2
381.3
373.1
9.525
10.185
11.113
12.573
16.662
457.2
116.06
130.20
143.59
436.7
434.0
431.4
10.236
11.582
12.878
161.901
161.539
159.734
157.940
473.1
108.76
116.06
130.20
143.59
454.0
453.5
451.0
448.4
9.525
9.779
11.049
12.319
356.824
355.262
350.670
340.774
186.132
185.317
182.921
177.760
508.0
133.92
139.87
158.47
197.90
486.8
485.7
482.6
475.7
10.592
11.125
12.700
16.129
412.617
408.623
215.235
213.152
546.1
153.26
169.63
523.5
521.0
11.303
12.573

in
19
lb/ft
English Units
Outside
Diameter
Weight w/ Internal Average

Couplings Diameter
Area
in
Internal
Area
lb/ft
in
in2
in2
Internal Volume**
per 1,000 ft
ft3
gal
bbls
External Displacement**
per 1,000 ft
ft3
gal
bbls
2.375
4.80
4.85
6.65
2.000
1.995
1.815
1.413
1.428
1.958
3.142
3.126
2.587
21.8
21.7
18.0
163.2
162.4
134.4
3.89
3.87
3.20
31.6
31.6
31.6
236.6
236.6
236.1
5.63
5.63
5.62
2.875
6.45
6.85
8.35
10.40
2.469
2.441
2.323
2.151
1.899
2.017
2.459
3.062
4.788
4.680
4.238
3.634
33.2
32.5
29.4
25.2
248.7
243.1
220.2
188.8
5.92
5.79
5.24
4.49
46.4
46.5
46.5
46.5
347.4
347.9
347.9
347.9
8.27
8.28
8.28
8.28
8.50
9.50
11.20
13.30
15.50
3.063
2.992
2.900
2.764
2.602
2.503
2.797
3.298
3.916
4.564
7.369
7.031
6.605
6.000
5.317
51.2
48.8
45.9
41.7
36.9
382.8
365.2
343.1
311.7
276.2
9.11
8.70
8.17
7.42
6.58
68.6
68.3
68.8
68.9
68.6
512.8
510.6
514.5
515.1
513.3
12.21
12.16
12.25
12.26
12.22
11.85
14.00
3.476
3.340
3.489
4.122
9.490
8.762
65.9
60.8
493.0
455.1
11.74
10.84
90.1
89.5
674.2
669.3
16.05
15.94
12.75
13.75
16.60
20.00
4.000
3.958
3.826
3.640
3.754
4.049
4.888
5.889
12.566
12.304
11.497
10.406
87.3
85.4
79.8
72.3
652.8
639.2
597.2
540.6
15.54
15.22
14.22
12.87
113.3
113.6
113.8
113.2
847.8
849.5
851.2
846.5
20.19
20.23
20.27
20.15
*
20
3.500
*
4.000
4.500
*
*
* Not API Standard.

** Assumes constant ID - no internal upsets
*** Assumes Internal Volume plus volume of steel

Drill Pipe Sizes & Volumes

English Units
Outside
Diameter
Weight w/ Internal Average

Couplings Diameter
Area
Internal Volume**
per 1,000 ft
in
in2
in2
ft3
5.000
16.25
19.50
4.408
4.276
4.785
5.742
15.261
14.360
5.500
21.90
24.70
4.778
4.670
6.449
7.273
5.563
19.00
22.20
25.25
4.975
4.859
4.733
6.625
22.20
25.20
31.90
7.625
8.625
External Displacement**
per 1,000 ft
gal
bbls
ft3
106.0
99.7
792.8
746.0
18.87
17.76
17.930
17.129
124.5
118.9
931.4
889.8
5.595
6.537
7.435
19.439
18.543
17.594
135.0
128.8
122.2
6.065
5.965
5.761
6.537
7.420
9.393
28.890
27.945
26.067
29.25
6.969
8.613
40.00
7.825
11.779
gal
bbls
139.2
139.6
1,041.3
1,044.3
24.79
24.86
22.18
21.18
169.3
169.5
1,266.4
1,267.6
30.15
30.18
1,009.8
963.3
914.0
24.04
22.93
21.76
173.8
174.2
173.8
1,300.5
1,302.9
1,300.2
30.96
31.02
30.96
200.6
194.1
181.0
1,500.8
1,451.7
1,354.1
35.73
34.56
32.24
246.0
245.6
246.3
1,840.4
1,837.2
1,842.1
43.82
43.74
43.86
38.144
264.9
1,981.5
47.18
324.7
2,429.0
57.83
48.090
334.0
2,498.2
59.48
415.8
3,110.1
74.05

lb/ft
21
in
* Not API Standard.

anchor
Internal
Area
Metric Units
Outside
Diameter
Weight w/ Internal
Couplings Diameter
mm
Average
Steel Area
Internal InternalVolume** External Displacement**

Area
per meter
per meter
kg/m
mm
mm
mm
Liters
Liters
60.3
7.14
7.22
9.90
50.80
1.995
1.815
911.9
2.125
2.914
2026.8
2016.7
1669.2
2.027
2.017
1.669
2.939
2.019
1.672
73.0
9.60
10.19
12.42
15.48
2.469
2.441
2.323
2.151
2.826
3.001
3.659
4.557
3088.9
3019.2
2734.4
2344.4
3.089
3.019
2.734
2.344
3.092
3.022
2.738
2.349
12.65
14.14
16.67
19.79
23.06
3.063
2.992
2.900
2.764
2.602
3.724
4.162
4.907
5.827
6.791
4753.9
4536.1
4261.4
3871.1
3430.6
4.754
4.536
4.261
3.871
3.431
4.758
4.540
4.266
3.877
3.437
17.63
20.83
3.476
3.340
5.192
6.134
6122.3
5652.6
6.122
5.653
6.128
5.659
18.97
20.46
24.70
29.76
4.000
3.958
3.826
3.640
5.587
6.025
7.273
8.763
8107.3
7938.0
7417.3
6713.7
8.107
7.938
7.417
6.714
8.113
7.944
7.425
6.722
*
22
88.9
*
101.6
114.3
*
*
* Not API Standard.



Metric Units
Outside
Diameter
mm
Weight w/ Internal
Couplings Diameter
Internal InternalVolume** External Displacement**

Area
per meter
per meter
23
mm
mm
mm
Liters
Liters
127.0
24.18
29.02
4.408
4.276
7.120
8.544
9845.6
9264.7
9.846
9.265
9.853
9.273
139.7
32.59
36.75
4.778
4.670
9.596
10.822
11567.8
11050.7
11.568
11.051
11.577
11.062
141.3
28.27
33.03
37.57
4.975
4.859
4.733
8.325
9.727
11.063
12541.3
11963.3
11350.9
12.541
11.963
11.351
12.550
11.973
11.362
168.3
33.03
37.50
47.47
6.065
5.965
5.761
9.727
11.042
13.977
18638.8
18029.3
16817.2
18.639
18.029
16.817
18.649
18.040
16.831
193.7
43.52
6.969
12.816
24609.2
24.609
24.622
219.1
59.52
7.825
17.526
31026.0
31.026
31.044

kg/m
* Not API Standard.

anchor
Average
Steel Area
English Units
Outside
Diameter
Internal
Diameter
Weight
Annular Volume (barrels per 1,000 ft) Coiled Tubing Outside Diameter (inches)
NU
EU
IJ
lb/ft
lb/ft
lb/ft
1.050
1.14
1.20
1.50
\1.20
1.50
0.824
0.742
1.315
1.70
1.80
1.80
2.25
1.049
0.957
0.098
1.660
2.30
2.40
2.10
2.40
3.02
1.410
1.380
1.280
0.960
0.879
0.620
0.413
0.332
0.074
1.900
2.75
2.90
2.40
2.90
3.64
1.650
1.610
1.500
1.673
1.547
1.214
1.127
1.000
0.668
0.459
0.332
2.000
3.40
1.670
1.738
1.191
0.523
3.25
1.751
2.007
1.460
0.793
0.003
4.70
5.30
2.041
1.995
1.939
3.075
2.895
2.681
2.529
2.348
2.134
1.861
1.681
1.467
1.072
0.891
0.677
in
24
2.063
4.00
4.60
4.70
(Upsets & couplings not included)
in
1.000
1.250
1.500
1.750
2.000
2.375
2.625
2.875
3.500
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
0.161

Annular Volumes for Coiled Tubing Inside of Tubing

English Units
Outside
Diameter
in
2.375
Internal
Diameter
Weight
NU
EU
IJ
lb/ft
lb/ft
lb/ft
5.80
5.95
6.20
7.70
1.000
1.250
1.500
1.750
2.000
2.375
2.625
2.875
3.500
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
25
1.867
1.853
1.703
2.415
2.364
1.846
1.868
1.818
1.299
1.200
1.150
0.632
0.411
0.360
4.817
4.271
3.986
3.709
3.276
3.171
2.895
4.270
3.724
3.439
3.162
2.729
2.624
2.348
3.602
3.056
2.771
2.495
2.062
1.957
1.681
2.813
2.267
1.982
1.705
1.272
1.167
0.891
1.902
1.356
1.072
0.795
0.362
0.257
0.309
6.50
6.50
8.60
8.70
8.70
9.50
10.70
11.00
11.65
2.441
2.323
2.259
2.195
2.091
2.065
1.995
7.70
9.20
10.20
9.30
12.95
3.068
2.992
2.922
2.764
2.750
2.548
2.480
8.172
7.725
7.322
6.450
6.375
5.335
5.003
7.625
7.178
6.776
5.903
5.828
4.789
4.457
6.958
6.510
6.108
5.235
5.160
4.121
3.789
6.168
5.721
5.319
4.446
4.371
3.332
3.000
5.258
4.810
4.408
3.536
3.461
2.421
2.089
3.664
3.217
2.815
1.942
1.867
0.827
0.495
2.450
2.002
1.600
0.728
0.653
1.114
0.667
0.265
12.70
9.30
10.30
12.80
12.95
15.80
16.70
11.00
3.548
3.476
11.257
10.765
10.710
10.219
10.042
9.551
9.253
8.762
8.343
7.851
6.749
6.258
5.535
5.043
4.199
3.708
3.500
9.50
11.00
0.329

6.40
2.875
4.000
in
English Units
Outside
Diameter
in
NU
EU
IJ
lb/ft
lb/ft
lb/ft
12.60
12.75
4.500
26
anchor
anchor
Internal
Diameter
Weight
in
1.000
1.250
1.500
1.750
2.000
2.375
2.625
2.875
3.500
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
11.60
13.40
3.428
3.340
10.444
9.865
9.897
9.319
9.229
8.651
8.440
7.862
7.529
6.951
5.936
5.357
4.721
4.143
3.386
2.807
12.75
13.50
15.50
19.20
3.958
3.920
3.826
3.640
14.246
13.955
13.248
11.899
13.700
13.409
12.702
11.353
13.032
12.741
12.034
10.685
12.243
11.952
11.245
9.896
11.332
11.041
10.334
8.985
9.738
9.447
8.740
7.391
8.524
8.233
7.526
6.177
7.188
6.898
6.190
4.841
3.318
3.027
2.320
0.971


Metric Units
Weight
Outside
Diameter
NU
Annular Volume (Liters per meter)

Coiled Tubing Outside Diameter (mm)
EU
IJ
25.4
31.8
38.1
44.5
50.8
60.3
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
lb/ft
kg/m
lb/ft
kg/m
lb/ft
kg/m
1.050
26.670
1.14
1.70
1.20
1.50
1.79
2.23
1.20
1.50
1.79
2.23
1.315
33.401
1.70
2.53
1.80
2.68
1.80
2.25
2.68
3.35
0.051
1.900
48.260
2.30
3.42
2.40
3.57
2.10
2.40
3.02
3.12
3.57
4.49
0.500
0.458
0.323
0.216
0.173
0.038
1.900
48.260
2.75
4.09
2.90
4.32
2.40
2.90
3.64
3.57
4.32
5.42
0.872
0.806
0.633
0.587
0.521
0.348
0.239
0.173
2.000
50.800
3.40
5.06
0.906
0.621
0.273
2.063
52.400
2.375
60.325
4.00
4.60
5.95
6.84
4.70
6.99
5.80
8.63
5.95
8.85
3.25
4.84
1.046
0.761
0.413
0.002
4.70
5.30
6.99
7.89
1.603
1.509
1.398
1.259
1.318
1.224
1.113
0.974
0.970
0.876
0.765
0.626
0.559
0.465
0.353
0.214
0.084
66.7
73.0
88.9
Liters Liters Liters

mm
27
in
Metric Units
Weight
Outside
Diameter
in
2.875
mm
NU
lb/ft
EU
kg/m
lb/ft
IJ
kg/m
4.000
25.4
31.8
38.1
44.5
50.8
60.3
lb/ft
kg/m
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
6.20
7.70
9.23
11.46
1.232
0.962
0.948
0.677
0.599
0.329
0.188
2.226
1.942
1.793
1.649
1.423
1.368
1.224
1.878
1.593
1.445
1.301
1.075
1.020
0.876
1.467
1.182
1.033
0.889
0.663
0.609
0.465
0.992
0.707
0.559
0.414
0.189
0.134
0.161
66.7
73.0
9.52
6.50
9.67
6.50
9.67
8.60
12.80
8.70
12.95
8.70
9.50
10.70
11.00
11.00
12.95
14.14
15.92
16.37
16.37
2.511
2.226
2.078
1.934
1.708
1.653
1.509
7.70
9.20
10.20
11.46
13.69
15.18
9.30
13.84
18.90
12.95
19.27
13.84
15.33
19.05
19.27
23.51
24.85
4.260
4.027
3.818
3.363
3.323
2.781
2.608
3.976
3.742
3.533
3.078
3.039
2.497
2.323
3.627
3.394
3.184
2.730
2.690
2.148
1.975
3.216
2.983
2.773
2.318
2.279
1.737
1.564
2.741
2.508
2.298
1.843
1.804
1.262
1.089
1.910
1.677
1.467
1.012
0.973
0.431
0.258
1.277
1.044
0.834
0.379
0.340
0.581
0.348
0.138
12.70
9.30
10.30
12.80
12.95
15.80
16.70
9.50
14.14
11.00
16.37
11.00
11.60
16.37
17.26
5.869
5.613
5.445
5.584
5.328
5.160
5.236
4.980
4.812
4.824
4.568
4.400
4.349
4.093
3.925
3.519
3.262
3.095
2.885
2.629
2.462
2.189
1.933
1.765
73.025
88.900
101.600
88.9
6.40
28
3.500

0.171


Metric Units
Weight
Outside
Diameter
in
mm
NU
lb/ft
12.60
4.500
114.300
kg/m
18.75

EU
lb/ft
12.75
kg/m
18.97
29
25.4
31.8
38.1
44.5
50.8
60.3
lb/ft
IJ
kg/m
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
66.7
73.0
13.40
19.94
5.143
4.858
4.510
4.099
3.624
2.793
2.160
1.464
12.75
13.50
15.50
19.20
18.97
20.09
23.06
28.57
7.427
7.276
6.907
6.204
7.142
6.991
6.622
5.919
6.794
6.643
6.274
5.571
6.383
6.231
5.862
5.159
5.908
5.756
5.388
4.684
5.077
4.925
4.557
3.853
4.444
4.292
3.924
3.220
3.748
3.596
3.227
2.524
88.9
1.730
1.578
1.210
0.506

anchor
anchor

English Units
Internal
Outside
Diameter Weight Diameter
in
in
lb/ft
Annular Volume (barrels per 1,000 ft)

Coiled Tubing Outside Diameter (inches)
1.000
1.250
1.500
1.750
2.000
2.375
2.625
2.875
3.500
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
5.65
9.50
11.60
3.607
3.500
3.428
11.667
10.928
10.444
11.120
10.382
9.897
10.453
9.714
9.229
9.663
8.925
8.440
8.753
8.014
7.529
7.159
6.420
5.936
5.945
5.206
4.721
4.609
3.870
3.386
0.739
4.500
6.75
9.50
10.50
11.00
11.60
12.60
13.50
15.10
16.60
17.70
18.80
4.216
4.090
4.052
4.026
4.000
3.958
3.920
3.826
3.754
3.697
3.640
16.295
15.278
14.977
14.773
14.571
14.246
13.955
13.248
12.718
12.305
11.899
15.748
14.732
14.431
14.227
14.024
13.700
13.409
12.702
12.171
11.759
11.353
15.080
14.064
13.763
13.559
13.357
13.032
12.741
12.034
11.504
11.091
10.685
14.291
13.275
12.974
12.770
12.567
12.243
11.952
11.245
10.714
10.302
9.896
13.380
12.364
12.063
11.859
11.657
11.332
11.041
10.334
9.804
9.391
8.985
11.787
10.770
10.470
10.266
10.063
9.738
9.447
8.740
8.210
7.797
7.391
10.573
9.556
9.255
9.051
8.849
8.524
8.233
7.526
6.996
6.583
6.177
9.237
8.220
7.920
7.716
7.513
7.188
6.898
6.190
5.660
5.248
4.841
5.367
4.350
4.049
3.845
3.643
3.318
3.027
2.320
1.790
1.377
0.971
4.750
9.50
16.00
18.00
4.364
4.082
4.000
17.528
15.215
14.571
16.982
14.668
14.024
16.314
14.000
13.357
15.525
13.211
12.567
14.614
12.300
11.657
13.020
10.707
10.063
11.806
9.492
8.849
10.470
8.157
7.513
6.600
4.286
3.643
5.000
8.00
11.50
4.696
4.560
20.450
19.227
19.904
18.681
19.236
18.013
18.447
17.224
17.536
16.313
15.942
14.719
14.728
13.505
13.392
12.169
9.522
8.299
30
4.000

Annular Volumes for Coiled Tubing Inside of Casing

English Units
Internal
Outside
in
in
lb/ft

1.000
1.250
1.500
1.750
2.000
2.375
2.625
2.875
3.500
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
18.647
17.903
16.790
16.034
15.807
15.791
14.915
14.571
18.100
17.357
16.243
15.487
15.260
15.244
14.368
14.024
17.433
16.689
15.575
14.819
14.592
14.576
13.700
13.357
16.643
15.900
14.786
14.030
13.803
13.787
12.911
12.567
15.733
14.989
13.875
13.119
12.893
12.876
12.000
11.657
14.139
13.395
12.282
11.526
11.299
11.283
10.407
10.063
12.925
12.181
11.068
10.311
10.085
10.068
9.193
8.849
11.589
10.845
9.732
8.976
8.749
8.733
7.857
7.513
7.719
6.975
5.862
5.105
4.879
4.862
3.987
3.643
5.250
8.50
10.00
13.00
16.00
4.944
4.886
4.768
4.648
22.772
22.218
21.112
20.014
22.226
21.672
20.566
19.468
21.558
21.004
19.898
18.800
20.769
20.215
19.108
18.011
19.858
19.304
18.198
17.100
18.264
17.711
16.604
15.506
17.050
16.496
15.390
14.292
15.715
15.161
14.054
12.957
11.844
11.290
10.184
9.086
5.500
9.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
15.50
17.00
20.00
23.00
5.192
5.044
5.012
4.974
4.950
4.892
4.778
4.670
25.214
23.743
23.430
23.061
22.830
22.275
21.205
20.213
24.668
23.196
22.884
22.515
22.284
21.729
20.658
19.667
24.000
22.528
22.216
21.847
21.616
21.061
19.990
18.999
23.211
21.739
21.426
21.058
20.826
20.272
19.201
18.210
22.300
20.828
20.516
20.147
19.916
19.361
18.290
17.299
20.706
19.235
18.922
18.553
18.322
17.768
16.697
15.706
19.492
18.020
17.708
17.339
17.108
16.553
15.483
14.494
18.156
16.685
16.372
16.004
15.772
15.218
14.147
13.156
14.286
12.814
12.502
12.133
11.902
11.347
10.277
9.285

4.494
4.408
4.276
4.184
4.156
4.154
4.044
4.000
31
13.00
15.00
18.00
20.30
20.80
21.00
23.20
24.20
English Units
Internal
Outside
in
in
lb/ft

1.000
1.250
1.500
1.750
2.000
2.375
2.625
2.875
3.500
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
4.580
4.548
19.405
19.121
18.858
18.575
18.191
17.907
17.401
17.118
16.491
16.207
14.897
14.613
13.683
13.399
12.347
12.063
8.477
8.193
5.750
14.00
17.00
20.00
22.50
25.20
5.290
5.190
5.090
4.990
4.890
26.212
25.194
24.195
23.216
22.256
25.666
24.648
23.649
22.670
21.710
24.998
23.980
22.981
22.002
21.042
24.208
23.190
22.192
21.213
20.253
23.298
22.280
21.281
20.302
19.342
21.704
20.686
19.688
18.708
17.749
20.490
19.472
18.473
17.494
16.534
19.154
18.136
17.138
16.158
15.199
15.284
14.266
13.267
12.288
11.328
6.000
10.50
12.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
20.00
23.00
26.00
5.672
5.620
5.524
5.500
5.450
5.424
5.352
5.240
5.140
30.280
29.709
28.670
28.413
27.881
27.607
26.853
25.701
24.692
29.733
29.163
28.124
27.867
27.335
27.060
26.306
25.154
24.146
29.065
28.495
27.456
27.199
26.667
26.392
25.639
24.486
23.478
28.276
27.706
26.667
26.410
25.878
25.603
24.849
23.697
22.689
27.365
26.795
25.756
25.499
24.967
24.692
23.939
22.786
21.778
25.772
25.201
24.162
23.905
23.373
23.099
22.345
21.193
20.184
24.558
23.987
22.948
22.691
22.159
21.884
21.131
19.978
18.970
23.222
22.652
21.612
21.355
20.823
20.549
19.795
18.643
17.634
19.352
18.781
17.742
17.485
16.953
16.678
15.925
14.772
13.764
6.625
12.00
13.00
17.00
6.287
6.255
6.135
37.424
37.034
35.590
36.878
36.488
35.043
36.210
35.820
34.376
35.420
35.031
33.586
34.510
34.120
32.676
32.916
32.526
31.082
31.702
31.312
29.868
30.366
29.976
28.532
26.496
26.106
24.662
32
25.00
26.00


English Units
Internal
Outside
in
in
lb/ft
33
7.000

1.000
1.250
1.500
1.750
2.000
2.375
2.625
2.875
3.500
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
6.049
5.989
5.921
5.855
5.791
5.761
5.675
5.595
34.572
33.870
33.084
32.329
31.605
31.268
30.313
29.437
34.026
33.324
32.537
31.782
31.058
30.722
29.766
28.890
33.358
32.656
31.869
31.114
30.390
30.054
29.098
28.223
32.568
31.867
31.080
30.325
29.601
29.265
28.309
27.433
31.658
30.956
30.170
29.415
28.691
28.354
27.399
26.523
30.064
29.363
28.576
27.821
27.097
26.760
25.805
24.929
28.850
28.148
27.362
26.607
25.883
25.546
24.591
23.715
27.514
26.813
26.026
25.271
24.547
24.210
23.255
22.379
23.644
22.942
22.156
21.401
20.677
20.340
19.385
18.509
13.00
17.00
20.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
26.00
28.00
29.00
30.00
32.00
33.70
34.00
6.520
6.538
6.456
6.398
6.366
6.336
6.276
6.214
6.184
6.154
6.094
6.048
6.040
40.323
40.551
39.516
38.792
38.395
38.025
37.290
36.537
36.176
35.817
35.103
34.560
34.466
39.776
40.004
38.969
38.245
37.849
37.478
36.743
35.991
35.630
35.270
34.556
34.014
33.920
39.108
39.337
38.302
37.577
37.181
36.811
36.075
35.323
34.962
34.602
33.889
33.346
33.252
38.319
38.547
37.512
36.788
36.391
36.021
35.286
34.534
34.173
33.813
33.099
32.557
32.463
37.408
37.637
36.602
35.878
35.481
35.111
34.376
33.623
33.262
32.902
32.189
31.646
31.552
35.815
36.043
35.008
34.284
33.887
33.517
32.782
32.030
31.668
31.309
30.595
30.052
29.958
34.601
34.829
33.794
33.070
32.673
32.303
31.568
30.815
30.454
30.095
29.381
28.838
28.744
33.265
33.493
32.458
31.734
31.337
30.967
30.232
29.480
29.118
28.759
28.045
27.503
27.409
29.394
29.623
28.588
27.864
27.467
27.097
26.362
25.609
25.248
24.889
24.175
23.632
23.538

20.00
22.00
24.00
26.00
28.00
29.00
32.00
34.00
English Units
Internal
Outside
in
in
lb/ft

1.000
1.250
1.500
1.750
2.000
2.375
2.625
2.875
3.500
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
34
35.00
35.30
38.00
40.00
41.00
44.00
6.004
6.000
5.920
5.836
5.820
5.720
34.045
33.998
33.072
32.113
31.932
30.811
33.499
33.452
32.526
31.567
31.385
30.264
32.831
32.784
31.858
30.899
30.718
29.597
32.042
31.995
31.069
30.109
29.928
28.807
31.131
31.084
30.158
29.199
29.018
27.897
29.537
29.491
28.564
27.605
27.424
26.303
28.323
28.276
27.350
26.391
26.210
25.089
26.987
26.941
26.014
25.055
24.874
23.753
23.117
23.070
22.144
21.185
21.004
19.883
7.625
14.75
20.00
24.00
26.40
29.70
33.70
36.00
38.00
39.00
45.00
45.30
7.263
7.125
7.025
6.990
6.875
6.765
6.705
6.655
6.625
6.445
6.435
50.270
48.342
46.967
46.491
44.942
43.484
42.699
42.050
41.663
39.378
39.253
49.724
47.795
46.421
45.944
44.395
42.938
42.153
41.504
41.117
38.832
38.707
49.056
47.127
45.753
45.276
43.727
42.270
41.485
40.836
40.449
38.164
38.039
48.267
46.338
44.964
44.487
42.938
41.481
40.696
40.047
39.660
37.375
37.249
47.356
45.427
44.053
43.576
42.028
40.570
39.785
39.136
38.749
36.464
36.339
45.762
43.834
42.459
41.983
40.434
38.976
38.191
37.542
37.155
34.870
34.745
44.548
42.620
41.245
40.769
39.220
37.762
36.977
36.328
35.941
33.656
33.531
43.213
41.284
39.909
39.433
37.884
36.427
35.641
34.993
34.606
32.320
32.195
39.342
37.413
36.039
35.562
34.014
32.556
31.771
31.122
30.735
28.450
28.325
7.75
46.10
6.560
40.831
40.284
39.617
38.827
37.917
36.323
35.109
33.773
29.903
16.00
7.628
55.550
55.004
54.336
53.547
52.636
51.042
49.828
48.492
44.622


English Units
Internal
Outside
in
in
lb/ft

1.000
1.250
1.500
1.750
2.000
2.375
2.625
2.875
3.500
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
54.078
52.021
53.531
51.474
52.864
50.806
52.074
50.017
51.164
49.106
49.570
47.513
48.356
46.299
47.020
44.963
43.150
41.092
8.125
28.00
32.00
35.50
39.50
42.00
7.485
7.385
7.285
7.185
7.125
53.451
52.006
50.581
49.176
48.342
52.904
51.460
50.035
48.629
47.795
52.236
50.792
49.367
47.961
47.127
51.447
50.003
48.578
47.172
46.338
50.537
49.092
47.667
46.261
45.427
48.943
47.498
46.073
44.668
43.834
47.729
46.284
44.859
43.454
42.620
46.393
44.949
43.523
42.118
41.284
42.523
41.078
39.653
38.248
37.413
8.625
20.00
24.00
28.00
32.00
36.00
38.00
40.00
43.00
44.00
48.00
49.00
8.191
8.097
8.017
7.921
7.825
7.775
7.725
7.651
7.625
7.537
7.511
64.201
62.714
61.462
59.975
58.507
57.749
56.997
55.891
55.506
54.209
53.829
63.655
62.168
60.915
59.429
57.961
57.203
56.450
55.345
54.959
53.663
53.283
62.987
61.500
60.248
58.761
57.293
56.535
55.782
54.677
54.291
52.995
52.615
62.198
60.710
59.458
57.972
56.504
55.746
54.993
53.888
53.502
52.206
51.826
61.287
59.800
58.548
57.061
55.593
54.835
54.082
52.977
52.591
51.295
50.915
59.693
58.206
56.954
55.468
53.999
53.242
52.489
51.384
50.998
49.702
49.322
58.479
56.992
55.740
54.253
52.785
52.027
51.275
50.169
49.783
48.487
48.107
57.144
55.656
54.404
52.918
51.449
50.692
49.939
48.834
48.448
47.152
46.772
53.273
51.786
50.534
49.047
47.579
46.821
46.069
44.963
44.577
43.281
42.901
8.75
49.70
7.636
55.669
55.122
54.454
53.665
52.754
51.161
49.947
48.611
44.741

7.528
7.386
35
20.00
26.00
English Units
Internal
Outside
in
in
lb/ft

1.000
1.250
1.500
1.750
2.000
2.375
2.625
2.875
3.500
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
34.00
38.00
40.00
45.00
50.20
55.00
8.290
8.196
8.150
8.032
7.910
7.812
65.786
64.281
63.550
61.696
59.806
58.310
65.240
63.734
63.004
61.149
59.260
57.763
64.572
63.067
62.336
60.481
58.592
57.095
63.783
62.277
61.547
59.692
57.803
56.306
62.872
61.367
60.636
58.781
56.892
55.395
61.278
59.773
59.043
57.188
55.298
53.802
60.064
58.559
57.828
55.974
54.084
52.588
58.728
57.223
56.493
54.638
52.749
51.252
54.858
53.353
52.622
50.768
48.878
47.382
9.625
29.30
32.30
36.00
38.00
40.00
42.00
43.50
47.00
53.50
58.40
61.10
71.80
9.063
9.001
8.921
8.885
8.835
8.799
8.755
8.681
8.535
8.435
8.375
8.125
78.816
77.728
76.336
75.713
74.852
74.236
73.485
72.232
69.790
68.142
67.162
63.155
78.270
77.182
75.789
75.166
74.306
73.689
72.939
71.686
69.244
67.595
66.616
62.609
77.602
76.514
75.121
74.499
73.638
73.021
72.271
71.018
68.576
66.928
65.948
61.941
76.813
75.725
74.332
73.709
72.849
72.232
71.482
70.228
67.787
66.138
65.159
61.152
75.902
74.814
73.421
72.799
71.938
71.321
70.571
69.318
66.876
65.228
64.248
60.241
74.308
73.220
71.828
71.205
70.344
69.728
68.977
67.724
65.282
63.634
62.654
58.647
73.094
72.006
70.613
69.991
69.130
68.513
67.763
66.510
64.068
62.420
61.440
57.433
71.758
70.671
69.278
68.655
67.795
67.178
66.428
65.174
62.733
61.084
60.104
56.097
67.888
66.800
65.407
64.785
63.924
63.307
62.557
61.304
58.862
57.214
56.234
52.227
9.75
59.20
8.560
70.205
69.659
68.991
68.202
67.291
65.698
64.483
63.148
59.277
36


English Units
Internal
Outside
in
in
lb/ft

1.000
1.250
1.500
1.750
2.000
2.375
2.625
2.875
3.500
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
8.625
71.291
70.744
70.076
69.287
68.376
66.783
65.568
64.233
60.362
10
33.00
41.50
45.50
50.50
55.50
61.20
9.384
9.200
9.120
9.016
8.908
8.790
84.568
81.247
79.823
77.991
76.110
74.082
84.022
80.700
79.277
77.444
75.564
73.535
83.354
80.032
78.609
76.777
74.896
72.868
82.565
79.243
77.819
75.987
74.107
72.078
81.654
78.332
76.909
75.077
73.196
71.168
80.060
76.739
75.315
73.483
71.603
69.574
78.846
75.525
74.101
72.269
70.388
68.360
77.511
74.189
72.765
70.933
69.053
67.024
73.640
70.319
68.895
67.063
65.182
63.154
10.75
32.75
35.75
40.50
45.50
48.00
51.00
54.00
55.50
60.70
65.70
71.10
76.00
10.192
10.136
10.050
9.950
9.902
9.850
9.784
9.760
9.660
9.560
9.450
9.350
99.933
98.827
97.141
95.198
94.273
93.275
92.016
91.560
89.674
87.807
85.776
83.950
99.387
98.281
96.595
94.652
93.726
92.728
91.470
91.014
89.128
87.261
85.229
83.403
98.719
97.613
95.927
93.984
93.058
92.061
90.802
90.346
88.460
86.593
84.561
82.735
97.930
96.824
95.137
93.195
92.269
91.271
90.013
89.557
87.670
85.803
83.772
81.946
97.019
95.913
94.227
92.284
91.358
90.361
89.102
88.646
86.760
84.893
82.862
81.035
95.425
94.319
92.633
90.690
89.765
88.767
87.508
87.053
85.166
83.299
81.268
79.442
94.211
93.105
91.419
89.476
88.550
87.553
86.294
85.838
83.952
82.085
80.054
78.227
92.875
91.770
90.083
88.140
87.215
86.217
84.958
84.503
82.616
80.749
78.718
76.892
89.005
87.899
86.213
84.270
83.344
82.347
81.088
80.632
78.746
76.879
74.848
73.021

62.80
37
9.875
English Units
Internal
Outside
in
in
lb/ft

1.000
1.250
1.500
1.750
2.000
2.375
2.625
2.875
3.500
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
9.250
82.143
81.596
80.928
80.139
79.229
77.635
76.421
75.085
71.215
11
26.75
10.552
107.187
106.641
105.973
105.184
104.273
102.679
101.465
100.129
96.259
11.75
38.00
42.00
47.00
54.00
60.00
65.00
71.00
11.150
11.084
11.000
10.880
10.772
10.682
10.586
119.794
118.368
116.566
114.016
111.744
109.869
107.885
119.247
117.822
116.020
113.469
111.198
109.322
107.339
118.579
117.154
115.352
112.801
110.530
108.654
106.671
117.790
116.365
114.563
112.012
109.741
107.865
105.882
116.879
115.454
113.652
111.102
108.830
106.954
104.971
115.286
113.860
112.058
109.508
107.236
105.361
103.377
114.072
112.646
110.844
108.294
106.022
104.147
102.163
112.736
111.310
109.508
106.958
104.686
102.811
100.828
108.866
107.440
105.638
103.088
100.816
98.941
96.957
11.875
71.80
10.711
110.471
109.925
109.257
108.468
107.557
105.963
104.749
103.414
99.543
12
31.50
40.00
11.514
11.384
127.807
124.916
127.261
124.369
126.593
123.701
125.804
122.912
124.893
122.002
123.299
120.408
122.085
119.194
120.750
117.858
116.879
113.988
12.75
43.00
53.00
12.130
11.970
141.955
138.210
141.409
137.663
140.741
136.995
139.952
136.206
139.041
135.295
137.447
133.702
136.233
132.487
134.897
131.152
131.027
127.281
13
36.50
40.00
12.482
12.438
150.371
149.306
149.824
148.759
149.156
148.091
148.367
147.302
147.457
146.391
145.863
144.798
144.649
143.584
143.313
142.248
139.443
138.378
38
81.00


English Units
39
1.000
1.250
1.500
1.750
2.000
2.375
2.625
2.875
3.500
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
45.00
50.00
54.00
12.360
12.282
12.220
147.427
145.560
144.084
146.880
145.013
143.538
146.212
144.345
142.870
145.423
143.556
142.080
144.513
142.645
141.170
142.919
141.052
139.576
141.705
139.838
138.362
140.369
138.502
137.026
136.499
134.632
133.156
13.375
48.00
54.50
61.00
68.00
72.00
77.00
83.00
85.00
92.00
98.00
12.715
12.615
12.515
12.415
12.347
12.275
12.175
12.159
12.031
11.937
156.074
153.613
151.172
148.750
147.115
145.393
143.018
142.639
139.632
137.443
155.527
153.067
150.626
148.204
146.568
144.846
142.471
142.093
139.085
136.897
154.859
152.399
149.958
147.536
145.900
144.178
141.803
141.425
138.417
136.229
154.070
151.610
149.168
146.747
145.111
143.389
141.014
140.636
137.628
135.440
153.159
150.699
148.258
145.836
144.201
142.478
140.103
139.725
136.718
134.529
151.566
149.105
146.664
144.242
142.607
140.885
138.510
138.132
135.124
132.935
150.352
147.891
145.450
143.028
141.393
139.671
137.296
136.917
133.910
131.721
149.016
146.555
144.114
141.693
140.057
138.335
135.960
135.582
132.574
130.385
145.146
142.685
140.244
137.822
136.187
134.465
132.090
131.711
128.704
126.515
13.5
81.40
12.340
146.947
146.400
145.733
144.943
144.033
142.439
141.225
139.889
136.019
13.625
88.20
12.375
147.787
147.241
146.573
145.784
144.873
143.279
142.065
140.729
136.859
14
42.00
50.00
13.488
13.344
175.749
171.996
175.203
171.449
174.535
170.781
173.745
169.992
172.835
169.082
171.241
167.488
170.027
166.274
168.691
164.938
164.821
161.068

Internal
Outside
in
in
lb/ft
English Units
Internal
Outside
in
in
lb/ft

1.000
1.250
1.500
1.750
2.000
2.375
2.625
2.875
3.500
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
47.50
14.418
200.959
200.412
199.745
198.955
198.045
196.451
195.237
193.901
190.031
16
52.50
55.00
65.00
70.00
75.00
84.00
109.00
15.396
15.375
15.250
15.198
15.125
15.010
14.688
229.283
228.655
224.936
223.398
221.248
217.882
208.593
228.736
228.108
224.390
222.852
220.702
217.335
208.046
228.068
227.441
223.722
222.184
220.034
216.667
207.378
227.279
226.651
222.933
221.395
219.245
215.878
206.589
226.368
225.741
222.022
220.484
218.334
214.968
205.678
224.775
224.147
220.428
218.890
216.740
213.374
204.085
223.561
222.933
219.214
217.676
215.526
212.160
202.871
222.225
221.597
217.879
216.341
214.190
210.824
201.535
218.354
217.727
214.008
212.470
210.320
206.954
197.665
18
78.00
87.50
96.50
17.194
17.088
16.986
286.203
282.673
279.297
285.656
282.126
278.750
284.988
281.459
278.082
284.199
280.669
277.293
283.288
279.759
276.382
281.695
278.165
274.789
280.481
276.951
273.575
279.145
275.615
272.239
275.275
271.745
268.369
18.625
73.09
78.00
87.50
96.50
17.875
17.855
17.755
17.655
309.401
308.707
305.248
301.808
308.855
308.161
304.702
301.262
308.187
307.493
304.034
300.594
307.398
306.704
303.245
299.805
306.487
305.793
302.334
298.894
304.893
304.199
300.740
297.300
303.679
302.985
299.526
296.086
302.344
301.649
298.190
294.751
298.473
297.779
294.320
290.880
20
90.00
94.00
106.50
19.166
19.124
19.000
355.853
354.291
349.699
355.306
353.744
349.152
354.639
353.076
348.484
353.849
352.287
347.695
352.939
351.376
346.784
351.345
349.783
345.191
350.131
348.569
343.976
348.795
347.233
342.641
344.925
343.363
338.770
40
15


English Units
Internal
Outside
in
in
lb/ft
1.000
1.250
1.500
1.750
2.000
2.375
2.625
2.875
3.500
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
133.00
18.730
339.803
339.257
338.589
337.799
336.889
335.295
334.081
332.745
328.875
103.00
114.00
20.610
20.510
411.646
407.651
411.099
407.105
410.432
406.437
409.642
405.648
408.732
404.737
407.138
403.144
405.924
401.929
404.588
400.594
400.718
396.723
21.5
41

anchor
anchor

Metric Units
Outside
Diameter
Annular Volume (per meter)

Coiled Tubing Diameter (mm)
Weight
25.4
31.75
38.1
44.45
50.8
60.325
66.7
73.025
88.9
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
mm
lb/ft
kg/m
4.000
101.600
5.65
9.50
11.60
8.41
14.14
17.26
6.082
5.697
5.445
5.798
5.412
5.160
5.449
5.064
4.812
5.038
4.653
4.400
4.563
4.178
3.925
3.732
3.347
3.095
3.099
2.714
2.462
2.403
2.018
1.765
0.385
4.500
114.300
6.75
9.50
10.50
11.00
11.60
12.60
13.50
15.10
16.60
17.70
18.80
10.04
14.14
15.62
16.37
17.26
18.75
20.09
22.47
24.70
26.34
27.97
8.495
7.965
7.809
7.702
7.596
7.427
7.276
6.907
6.630
6.415
6.204
8.210
7.680
7.524
7.417
7.312
7.142
6.991
6.622
6.346
6.131
5.919
7.862
7.332
7.175
7.069
6.963
6.794
6.643
6.274
5.997
5.782
5.571
7.451
6.921
6.764
6.658
6.552
6.383
6.231
5.862
5.586
5.371
5.159
6.976
6.446
6.289
6.183
6.077
5.908
5.756
5.388
5.111
4.896
4.684
6.145
5.615
5.458
5.352
5.246
5.077
4.925
4.557
4.280
4.065
3.853
5.512
4.982
4.825
4.719
4.613
4.444
4.292
3.924
3.647
3.432
3.220
4.816
4.286
4.129
4.023
3.917
3.748
3.596
3.227
2.951
2.736
2.524
2.798
2.268
2.111
2.005
1.899
1.730
1.578
1.210
0.933
0.718
0.506
4.750
120.650
9.50
16.00
18.00
14.14
23.81
26.78
9.138
7.932
7.596
8.853
7.647
7.312
8.505
7.299
6.963
8.094
6.888
6.552
7.619
6.413
6.077
6.788
5.582
5.246
6.155
4.946
4.613
5.459
4.253
3.917
3.441
2.235
1.899
5.000
127.000
8.00
11.50
11.90
17.11
10.662
10.024
10.377
9.739
10.029
9.391
9.617
8.980
9.142
8.505
8.311
7.674
7.678
7.041
6.982
6.345
4.964
4.327
42
in


Metric Units
Outside
Diameter
in
mm

Weight
25.4
31.75
38.1
44.45
50.8
60.325
66.7
73.025
88.9
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
43
lb/ft
kg/m
13.00
15.00
18.00
20.30
20.80
21.00
23.20
24.20
19.34
22.32
26.78
30.21
30.95
31.25
34.52
36.01
9.721
9.334
8.753
8.359
8.241
8.232
7.776
7.596
9.437
9.049
8.468
8.074
7.956
7.948
7.491
7.312
9.088
8.701
8.120
7.726
7.608
7.599
7.143
6.963
8.677
8.289
7.709
7.315
7.196
7.188
6.731
6.552
8.202
7.814
7.234
6.840
6.722
6.713
6.256
6.077
7.371
6.984
6.403
6.009
5.891
5.882
5.426
5.246
6.738
6.351
5.770
5.376
5.258
5.249
4.793
4.613
6.042
5.654
5.074
4.680
4.561
4.553
4.096
3.917
4.024
3.636
3.056
2.662
2.543
2.535
2.078
1.899
133.350
8.50
10.00
13.00
16.00
12.65
14.88
19.34
23.81
11.872
11.584
11.007
10.434
11.587
11.299
10.722
10.150
11.239
10.951
10.374
9.801
10.828
10.539
9.962
9.390
10.353
10.064
9.487
8.915
9.522
9.233
8.657
8.084
8.889
8.600
8.024
7.451
8.193
7.904
7.327
6.755
6.175
5.886
5.309
4.737
5.500
139.700
9.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
15.50
17.00
20.00
23.00
13.39
19.34
20.83
22.32
23.06
25.30
29.76
34.22
13.145
12.378
12.215
12.023
11.902
11.613
11.055
10.538
12.861
12.093
11.930
11.738
11.618
11.328
10.770
10.253
12.512
11.745
11.582
11.390
11.269
10.980
10.422
9.905
12.101
11.334
11.171
10.979
10.858
10.569
10.011
9.494
11.626
10.859
10.696
10.504
10.383
10.094
9.536
9.019
10.795
10.028
9.865
9.673
9.552
9.263
8.705
8.188
10.162
9.395
9.232
9.040
8.919
8.630
8.072
7.555
9.466
8.699
8.536
8.343
8.223
7.934
7.376
6.859
7.448
6.681
6.518
6.326
6.205
5.916
5.358
4.841

5.250
Metric Units
Outside
Diameter
in
mm

Weight
25.4
31.75
38.1
44.45
50.8
60.325
66.7
73.025
88.9
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
lb/ft
kg/m
25.00
26.00
37.20
38.69
10.117
9.969
9.832
9.684
9.484
9.336
9.072
8.924
8.597
8.449
7.767
7.619
7.133
6.986
6.437
6.289
4.419
4.271
146.050
14.00
17.00
20.00
22.50
25.20
20.83
25.30
29.76
33.48
37.50
13.666
13.135
12.614
12.104
11.603
13.381
12.850
12.329
11.819
11.319
13.033
12.502
11.981
11.471
10.970
12.621
12.090
11.570
11.059
10.559
12.146
11.616
11.095
10.584
10.084
11.315
10.785
10.264
9.754
9.253
10.682
10.152
9.631
9.121
8.620
9.986
9.455
8.935
8.424
7.924
7.968
7.438
6.917
6.406
5.906
6.000
152.400
10.50
12.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
20.00
23.00
26.00
15.62
17.86
22.32
23.81
25.30
26.78
29.76
34.22
38.69
15.786
15.489
14.947
14.813
14.536
14.393
14.000
13.399
12.873
15.501
15.204
14.662
14.528
14.251
14.108
13.715
13.114
12.588
15.153
14.856
14.314
14.180
13.903
13.760
13.367
12.766
12.240
14.742
14.444
13.903
13.769
13.491
13.348
12.955
12.354
11.829
14.267
13.970
13.428
13.294
13.017
12.873
12.480
11.880
11.354
13.436
13.139
12.597
12.463
12.186
12.043
11.650
11.049
10.523
12.803
12.506
11.964
11.830
11.553
11.409
11.017
10.416
9.890
12.107
11.809
11.268
11.134
10.856
10.713
10.320
9.719
9.194
10.089
9.792
9.250
9.116
8.839
8.695
8.302
7.702
7.176
6.625
168.275
12.00
13.00
17.00
17.86
19.34
25.30
19.511
19.308
18.555
19.226
19.023
18.270
18.878
18.675
17.922
18.466
18.263
17.510
17.992
17.788
17.035
17.161
16.958
16.205
16.528
16.325
15.573
15.831
15.628
14.875
13.814
13.610
12.857
44
5.750


Metric Units
Outside
Diameter
in
mm
45
7.000
177.800

Weight
25.4
31.75
38.1
44.45
50.8
60.325
66.7
73.025
88.9
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
kg/m
20.00
22.00
24.00
26.00
28.00
29.00
32.00
34.00
29.76
32.74
35.71
38.69
41.66
43.15
47.62
50.59
18.024
17.658
17.248
16.855
16.477
16.302
15.804
15.347
17.739
17.373
16.963
16.570
16.192
16.017
15.519
15.062
17.391
17.025
16.615
16.222
15.844
15.669
15.170
14.714
16.980
16.614
16.204
15.810
15.433
15.257
14.759
14.302
16.505
16.139
15.729
15.335
14.958
14.782
14.284
13.828
15.674
15.308
14.898
14.504
14.127
13.951
13.453
12.997
15.041
14.675
14.265
13.871
13.494
13.318
12.820
12.364
14.345
13.979
13.569
13.175
12.798
12.622
12.124
11.667
12.327
11.961
11.551
11.157
10.780
10.604
10.106
9.650
13.00
17.00
20.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
26.00
28.00
29.00
30.00
32.00
33.70
34.00
19.34
25.30
29.76
32.74
34.22
35.71
38.69
41.66
43.15
44.64
47.62
50.14
50.59
21.022
21.141
20.602
20.224
20.017
19.824
19.441
19.049
18.860
18.673
18.301
18.018
17.969
20.737
20.856
20.317
19.939
19.732
19.539
19.156
18.764
18.576
18.388
18.016
17.733
17.684
20.389
20.508
19.969
19.591
19.384
19.191
18.808
18.416
18.227
18.040
17.668
17.385
17.336
19.978
20.097
19.557
19.180
18.973
18.780
18.396
18.004
17.816
17.629
17.256
16.973
16.925
19.503
19.622
19.082
18.705
18.498
18.305
17.922
17.530
17.341
17.154
16.782
16.499
16.450
18.672
18.791
18.251
17.874
17.667
17.474
17.091
16.699
16.510
16.323
15.951
15.668
15.619
18.039
18.158
17.618
17.241
17.034
16.841
16.458
16.066
15.877
15.690
15.318
15.035
14.986
17.343
17.462
16.922
16.545
16.338
16.145
15.761
15.369
15.181
14.993
14.621
14.338
14.289
15.325
15.444
14.904
14.527
14.320
14.127
13.744
13.351
13.163
12.976
12.603
12.321
12.272

lb/ft
Metric Units
Outside
Diameter
in
mm

Weight
25.4
31.75
38.1
44.45
50.8
60.325
66.7
73.025
88.9
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
lb/ft
kg/m
35.00
35.30
38.00
40.00
41.00
44.00
52.08
52.53
56.54
59.52
61.01
65.47
17.749
17.725
17.242
16.742
16.648
16.063
17.465
17.440
16.957
16.457
16.363
15.778
17.116
17.092
16.609
16.109
16.015
15.430
16.705
16.681
16.198
15.698
15.603
15.019
16.230
16.206
15.723
15.223
15.128
14.544
15.399
15.375
14.892
14.392
14.297
13.713
14.766
14.742
14.259
13.759
13.664
13.080
14.070
14.046
13.563
13.063
12.968
12.384
12.052
12.028
11.545
11.045
10.950
10.366
46
7.625
193.675
14.75
20.00
24.00
26.40
29.70
33.70
36.00
38.00
39.00
45.00
45.30
21.95
29.76
35.71
39.28
44.19
50.14
53.57
56.54
58.03
66.96
67.41
26.208
25.203
24.486
24.238
23.430
22.671
22.261
21.923
21.721
20.530
20.465
25.924
24.918
24.201
23.953
23.146
22.386
21.976
21.638
21.436
20.245
20.180
25.575
24.570
23.853
23.605
22.797
22.038
21.628
21.290
21.088
19.897
19.831
25.164
24.158
23.442
23.193
22.386
21.626
21.217
20.878
20.677
19.485
19.420
24.689
23.684
22.967
22.719
21.911
21.151
20.742
20.404
20.202
19.010
18.945
23.858
22.853
22.136
21.888
21.080
20.320
19.911
19.573
19.371
18.180
18.114
23.225
22.220
21.503
21.255
20.447
19.687
19.278
18.940
18.738
17.547
17.481
22.529
21.523
20.807
20.558
19.751
18.991
18.582
18.243
18.042
16.850
16.785
20.511
19.506
18.789
18.541
17.733
16.973
16.564
16.226
16.024
14.832
14.767
7.750
196.850
46.10
68.60
21.287
21.002
20.654
20.243
19.768
18.937
18.304
17.608
15.590
8.000
203.200
16.00
23.81
28.961
28.676
28.328
27.917
27.442
26.611
25.978
25.281
23.264


Metric Units
Outside
Diameter
in
mm

Weight
25.4
31.75
38.1
44.45
50.8
60.325
66.7
73.025
88.9
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
lb/ft
kg/m
20.00
26.00
29.76
38.69
28.193
27.121
27.909
26.836
27.560
26.488
27.149
26.076
26.674
25.602
25.843
24.771
25.210
24.138
24.514
23.441
22.496
21.424
28.00
32.00
35.50
39.50
42.00
41.66
47.62
52.82
58.78
62.50
27.867
27.113
26.371
25.638
25.203
27.582
26.829
26.086
25.353
24.918
27.234
26.480
25.738
25.005
24.570
26.822
26.069
25.326
24.593
24.158
26.347
25.594
24.851
24.118
23.684
25.516
24.763
24.020
23.288
22.853
24.883
24.130
23.387
22.655
22.220
24.187
23.434
22.691
21.958
21.523
22.169
21.416
20.673
19.940
19.506
8.625
219.075
20.00
24.00
28.00
32.00
36.00
38.00
40.00
43.00
44.00
48.00
49.00
29.76
35.71
41.66
47.62
53.57
56.54
59.52
63.98
65.47
71.42
72.91
33.471
32.696
32.043
31.268
30.503
30.108
29.715
29.139
28.938
28.262
28.064
33.187
32.411
31.758
30.983
30.218
29.823
29.430
28.854
28.653
27.977
27.779
32.838
32.063
31.410
30.635
29.870
29.475
29.082
28.506
28.305
27.629
27.431
32.427
31.651
30.999
30.224
29.458
29.063
28.671
28.094
27.893
27.218
27.019
31.952
31.177
30.524
29.749
28.983
28.588
28.196
27.620
27.419
26.743
26.545
31.121
30.346
29.693
28.918
28.153
27.758
27.365
26.789
26.588
25.912
25.714
30.488
29.713
29.060
28.285
27.520
27.125
26.732
26.156
25955
25.279
25.081
29.792
29.016
28.364
27.589
26.823
26.428
26.036
25.459
25.258
24.583
24.384
27.774
26.999
26.346
25.571
24.805
24.410
24.018
23.442
23.240
22.565
22.367
8.750
222.250
49.70
73.95
29.023
28.738
28.390
27.978
27.504
26.673
26.040
25.343
23.326

206.375
47
8.125
Metric Units
Outside
Diameter

Weight
25.4
31.75
38.1
44.45
50.8
60.325
66.7
73.025
88.9
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
mm
lb/ft
kg/m
9.000
228.600
34.00
38.00
40.00
45.00
50.20
55.00
50.59
56.54
59.52
66.96
74.70
81.84
34.298
33.513
33.132
32.165
31.180
30.400
34.013
33.228
32.847
31.880
30.895
30.115
33.665
32.880
32.499
31.532
30.547
29.767
33.253
32.468
32.088
31.121
30.136
29.355
32.778
31.994
31.613
30.646
29.661
28.880
31.948
31.163
30.782
29.815
28.830
28.050
31.314
30.530
30.149
29.182
28.197
27.417
30.618
29.833
29.453
28.486
27.501
26.720
28.600
27.816
27.435
26.468
25.483
24.702
9.625
244.475
29.30
32.30
36.00
38.00
40.00
42.00
43.50
47.00
53.50
58.40
61.10
71.80
43.60
48.06
53.57
56.54
59.52
62.50
64.73
69.94
79.61
86.90
90.92
106.84
41.091
40.524
39.798
39.473
39.024
38.703
38.312
37.658
36.385
35.526
35.015
32.926
40.806
40.239
39.513
39.188
38.739
38.418
38.027
37.373
36.100
35.241
34.730
32.641
40.458
39.891
39.165
38.840
38.391
38.070
37.679
37.025
35.752
34.893
34.382
32.293
40.046
39.479
38.753
38.428
37.980
37.658
37.267
36.614
35.341
34.481
33.971
31.881
39.572
39.004
38.278
37.954
37.505
37.183
36.792
36.139
34.866
34.007
33.496
31.407
38.741
38.174
37.447
37.123
36.674
36.353
35.961
35.308
34.035
33.176
32.665
30.576
38.108
37.541
36.814
36.490
36.041
35.720
35.328
34.675
33.402
32.543
32.032
29.943
37.411
36.844
36.118
35.793
35.345
35.023
34.632
33.979
32.706
31.846
31.336
29.246
35.394
34.826
34.100
33.776
33.327
33.005
32.614
31.961
30.688
29.828
29.318
27.229
9.750
247.650
59.20
88.09
36.602
36.317
35.969
35.557
35.082
34.252
33.618
32.922
30.904
48
in


Metric Units
Outside
Diameter

Weight
25.4
31.75
38.1
44.45
50.8
60.325
66.7
73.025
88.9
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
lb/ft
kg/m
9.875
250.825
62.80
93.45
37.167
36.883
36.534
36.123
35.648
34.817
34.184
33.488
31.470
10.000
254.000
33.00
41.50
45.50
50.50
55.50
61.20
49.10
61.75
67.70
75.14
82.58
91.06
44.090
42.358
41.616
40.661
39.680
38.623
43.805
42.073
41.331
40.376
39.395
38.338
43.457
41.725
40.983
40.028
39.047
37.990
43.045
41.313
40.571
39.616
38.636
37.578
42.570
40.839
40.096
39.141
38.161
37.103
41.740
40.008
39.266
38.310
37.330
36.272
41.107
39.375
38.633
37.677
36.697
35.639
40.410
38.678
37.936
36.981
36.001
34.943
38.392
36.661
35.918
34.963
33.983
32.925
10.750
273.050
32.75
35.75
40.50
45.50
48.00
51.00
54.00
55.50
60.70
65.70
71.10
76.00
48.73
53.20
60.26
67.70
71.42
75.89
80.35
82.58
90.32
97.76
105.80
113.09
52.100
51.524
50.645
49.632
49.149
48.629
47.973
47.735
46.752
45.778
44.719
43.767
51.815
51.239
50.360
49.347
48.864
48.344
47.688
47.450
46.467
45.493
44.434
43.482
51.467
50.891
50.011
48.999
48.516
47.996
47.340
47.102
46.119
45.145
44.086
43.134
51.056
50.479
49.600
48.587
48.105
47.584
46.928
46.691
45.707
44.734
43.675
42.723
50.581
50.004
49.125
48.112
47.630
47.110
46.453
46.216
45.232
44.259
43.200
42.248
49.750
49.174
48.294
47.281
46.799
46.279
45.622
45.385
44.401
43.428
42.369
41.417
49.117
48.540
47.661
46.648
46.166
45.646
44.989
44.752
43.768
42.795
41.736
40.784
48.421
47.844
46.965
45.952
45.470
44.949
44.293
44.056
43.072
42.099
41.040
40.088
46.403
45.826
44.947
43.934
43.452
42.932
42.275
42.038
41.054
40.081
39.022
38.070

mm
49
in
Metric Units
Outside
Diameter
in
mm

Weight
25.4
31.75
38.1
44.45
50.8
60.325
66.7
73.025
88.9
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
lb/ft
kg/m
81.00
120.53
42.825
42.540
42.192
41.781
41.306
40.475
39.842
39.146
37.128
279.400
26.75
39.80
55.882
55.597
55.249
54.838
54.363
53.532
52.889
52.203
50.185
11.750
298.450
38.00
42.00
47.00
54.00
60.00
65.00
71.00
56.54
62.50
69.94
80.35
89.28
96.72
105.65
62.455
61.711
60.772
59.442
58.258
57.280
56.246
62.170
61.426
60.487
59.157
57.973
56.995
55.961
61.821
61.078
60.139
58.809
57.625
56.647
55.613
61.410
60.667
59.727
58.398
57.213
56.236
55.202
60.935
60.192
59.253
57.923
56.739
55.761
54.727
60.104
59.361
58.422
57.092
55.908
54.930
53.896
59.471
58.728
57.789
56.459
55.275
54.297
53.263
58.775
58.032
57.092
55.763
54.578
53.601
52.567
56.757
56.014
55.075
53.745
52.561
51.583
50.549
11.875
301.625
71.80
106.84
57.594
57.309
56.961
56.550
56.075
55.244
54.611
53.915
51.897
12.000
304.800
31.50
40.00
46.87
59.52
66.632
65.125
66.348
64.840
65.999
64.492
65.588
64.080
65.113
63.606
64.282
62.775
63.649
62.142
62.953
61.445
60.935
59.428
12.750
323.850
43.00
53.00
63.98
78.86
74.008
72.056
73.724
71.771
73.375
71.423
72.964
71.011
72.489
70.536
71.658
69.705
71.025
69.072
70.329
68.376
68.311
66.358
13.000
330.200
36.50
40.00
54.31
59.52
78.396
77.841
78.111
77.556
77.763
77.208
77.351
76.796
76.877
76.321
76.046
75.490
75.413
74.857
74.716
74.161
72.699
72.143
50
11.000


Metric Units
Outside
Diameter
in
mm

Weight
25.4
31.75
38.1
44.45
50.8
60.325
66.7
73.025
88.9
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
lb/ft
kg/m
45.00
50.00
54.00
66.96
74.40
80.35
76.861
75.888
75.118
76.576
75.603
74.833
76.228
75.255
74.485
75.817
74.843
74.074
75.342
74.368
73.599
74.511
73.537
72.768
73.878
72.904
72.135
73.181
72.208
71.439
71.164
70.190
69.421
51
339.725
48.00
54.50
61.00
68.00
72.00
77.00
83.00
85.00
92.00
98.00
71.42
81.10
90.77
101.18
107.13
114.57
123.50
126.48
136.89
145.82
81.369
80.086
78.814
77.551
76.698
75.801
74.562
74.365
72.797
71.656
81.084
79.801
78.529
77.266
76.414
75.516
74.277
74.080
72.512
71.371
80.736
79.453
78.181
76.918
76.065
75.168
73.929
73.732
72.164
71.023
80.325
79.042
77.769
76.507
75.654
74.756
73.518
73.321
71.753
70.612
79.850
78.567
77.294
76.032
75.179
74.281
73.043
72.846
71.278
70.137
79.019
77.736
76.463
75.201
74.348
73.450
72.212
72.015
70.447
69.306
78.386
77.103
75.830
74.568
73.715
72.817
71.579
71.382
69.814
68.673
77.690
76.407
75.134
73.872
73.019
72.121
70.883
70.686
69.118
67.977
75.672
74.389
73.116
71.854
71.001
70.103
68.865
68.668
67.100
65.959
13.500
342.900
81.40
121.12
76.611
76.326
75.978
75.566
75.092
74.261
73.628
72.931
70.913
13.625
346.075
88.20
131.24
77.049
76.764
76.416
76.004
75.530
74.699
74.066
73.369
71.352
14.000
355.600
42.00
50.00
62.50
74.40
91.627
89.670
91.342
89.385
90.994
89.037
90.582
88.626
90.108
88.151
89.277
87.320
88.644
86.687
87.947
85.991
85.929
83.973

13.375
Metric Units
Outside
Diameter

Weight
31.75
38.1
44.45
50.8
60.325
66.7
73.025
88.9
mm
lb/ft
kg/m
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
15.000
381.000
47.50
70.68
104.770
104.485
104.137
103.726
103.251
102.420
101.787
101.091
99.073
16.000
406.400
52.50
55.00
65.00
70.00
75.00
84.00
109.00
78.12
81.84
96.72
104.16
111.60
124.99
162.19
119.537
119.209
117.271
116.469
115.348
113.593
108.750
119.252
118.925
116.986
116.184
115.063
113.308
108.465
118.904
118.576
116.638
115.836
114.715
112.960
108.117
118.492
118.165
116.226
115.424
114.303
112.548
107.705
118.017
117.690
115.751
114.950
113.829
112.074
107.231
117.187
116.859
114.921
114.119
112.998
111.243
106.400
116.553
116.226
114.288
113.486
112.365
110.610
105.767
115.857
115.530
113.591
112.789
111.668
109.913
105.070
113.839
113.512
111.573
110.772
109.651
107.895
103.053
18.000
457.200
78.00
87.50
96.50
116.06
130.20
143.59
149.212
147.372
145.612
148.927
147.087
145.327
148.579
146.739
144.979
148.167
146.327
144.567
147.693
145.852
144.092
146.862
145.022
143.261
146.229
144.388
142.628
145.532
143.692
141.932
143.515
141.674
139.914
18.625
473.075
73.09
78.00
87.50
96.50
108.76
116.06
130.20
143.59
161.307
160.945
159.141
157.348
161.022
160.660
158.856
157.063
160.674
160.312
158.508
156.715
160.262
159.900
158.097
156.304
159.787
159.425
157.622
155.829
158.956
158.595
156.791
154.998
158.323
157.962
156.158
154.365
157.627
157.265
155.462
153.668
155.609
155.247
153.444
151.651
20.000
508.000
90.00
94.00
106.50
133.92
139.87
158.47
185.524
184.710
182.316
185.239
184.425
182.031
184.891
184.077
181.683
184.480
183.665
181.271
184.005
183.190
180.796
183.174
182.360
179.965
182.541
181.727
179.332
181.845
181.030
178.636
179.827
179.012
176.618
52
25.4
in


Metric Units
Outside
Diameter
in
21.500
mm
546.100

Weight
25.4
31.75
38.1
44.45
50.8
60.325
66.7
73.025
88.9
lb/ft
kg/m
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
133.00
197.90
177.157
176.872
176.524
176.112
175.637
174.806
174.173
173.477
171.459
103.00
114.00
153.26
169.63
214.612
212.529
214.327
212.245
213.979
211.896
213.567
211.485
213.093
211.010
212.262
210.179
211.629
209.546
210.932
208.850
208.915
206.832
53

anchor
anchor

English Units
Outside
Diameter
Weight
Internal
Diameter
in
lb/ft
in

bbls
bbls
bbls
1.050
1.315
1.660
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
2.875
3.500
Tubing Outside Diameter (inches)

1.900
2.375
2.875
9.50
10.50
11.00
11.60
12.60
13.50
15.10
16.60
17.70
18.80
4.090
4.052
4.026
4.000
3.958
3.920
3.826
3.754
3.697
3.640
15.178
14.878
14.674
14.471
14.147
13.856
13.148
12.618
12.206
11.800
14.570
14.269
14.065
13.862
13.538
13.247
12.540
12.010
11.597
11.191
13.573
13.272
13.068
12.865
12.541
12.250
11.543
11.013
10.600
10.194
12.743
12.442
12.238
12.035
11.711
11.420
10.713
10.183
9.770
9.364
10.770
10.470
10.266
10.063
9.738
9.447
8.740
8.210
7.797
7.391
8.220
7.920
7.716
7.513
7.188
6.898
6.190
5.660
5.248
4.841
8.220
7.920
7.716
7.513
7.188
6.898
6.190
5.660
5.248
4.841
4.350
4.049
3.845
3.643
3.318
3.027
2.320
1.790
1.377
0.971
4.750
16.00
4.082
15.115
14.506
13.509
12.679
10.707
8.157
8.157
4.286
54
4.500

1.315
5.000
11.50
13.00
15.00
4.560
4.494
4.408
18.519
17.938
17.195
1.660
17.522
16.941
16.198
1.900
16.692
16.111
15.368
2.375
14.719
14.139
13.395
2.875
12.169
11.589
10.845
2.875
12.169
11.589
10.845
3.500
8.299
7.719
6.975
4.000
4.656
4.076
3.332

Annular Volume for Tubing inside of Casing

English Units
55
Outside
Diameter
Weight
Internal
Diameter
in
lb/ft
in
18.00
20.30
21.00
23.20
13.00
14.00
15.00
15.50
17.00
20.00
23.00
26.00
5.500

bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
4.276
4.184
4.154
4.044
16.081
15.325
15.082
14.206
15.084
14.328
14.085
13.209
14.254
13.498
13.255
12.379
12.282
11.526
11.283
10.407
9.732
8.976
8.733
7.857
9.732
8.976
8.733
7.857
5.862
5.105
4.862
3.987
2.219
1.463
1.220
0.344
5.044
5.012
4.974
4.950
4.892
4.778
4.670
4.548
23.034
22.722
22.353
22.122
21.567
20.496
19.505
18.413
22.037
21.725
21.356
21.125
20.570
19.499
18.508
17.416
21.207
20.895
20.526
20.295
19.740
18.669
17.678
16.586
19.235
18.922
18.553
18.322
17.768
16.697
15.706
14.613
16.685
16.372
16.004
15.772
15.218
14.147
13.156
12.063
16.685
16.372
16.004
15.772
15.218
14.147
13.156
12.063
12.814
12.502
12.133
11.902
11.347
10.277
9.285
8.193
9.172
8.859
8.491
8.259
7.705
6.634
5.643
4.550
5.750
14.00
17.00
20.00
22.50
25.20
5.290
5.190
5.090
4.990
4.890
24.507
23.489
22.490
21.511
20.551
1.900
23.677
22.659
21.660
20.681
19.721
2.375
21.704
20.686
19.688
18.708
17.749
2.875
19.154
18.136
17.138
16.158
15.199
2.875
19.154
18.136
17.138
16.158
15.199
3.500
15.284
14.266
13.267
12.288
11.328
4.000
11.641
10.623
9.625
8.645
7.686
4.500
7.513
6.495
5.496
4.517
3.557


1.660
English Units
Outside
Diameter
Weight
Internal
Diameter
in
lb/ft
in

bbls
bbls
bbls
1.900
2.375
2.875
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
4.500
5.000
6.000
56
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
20.00
23.00
26.00
5.524
5.500
5.450
5.424
5.352
5.240
5.140
26.135
25.878
25.346
25.071
24.318
23.165
22.157
24.162
23.905
23.373
23.099
22.345
21.193
20.184
21.612
21.355
20.823
20.549
19.795
18.643
17.634
2.875
21.612
21.355
20.823
20.549
19.795
18.643
17.634
3.500
17.742
17.485
16.953
16.678
15.925
14.772
13.764
4.000
14.099
13.842
13.310
13.036
12.282
11.130
10.121
9.971
9.714
9.182
8.907
8.154
7.001
5.993
5.357
5.100
4.568
4.293
3.540
2.387
1.379

2.375
6.625
13.00
17.00
20.00
22.00
24.00
26.00
28.00
29.00
32.00
6.255
6.135
6.049
5.989
5.921
5.855
5.791
5.761
5.675
32.526
31.082
30.064
29.363
28.576
27.821
27.097
26.760
25.805
2.875
29.976
28.532
27.514
26.813
26.026
25.271
24.547
24.210
23.255
2.875
29.976
28.532
27.514
26.813
26.026
25.271
24.547
24.210
23.255
3.500
26.106
24.662
23.644
22.942
22.156
21.401
20.677
20.340
19.385
4.000
22.463
21.019
20.001
19.300
18.513
17.758
17.034
16.697
15.742
4.500
18.335
16.891
15.873
15.171
14.385
13.630
12.906
12.569
11.614
5.000
13.721
12.277
11.259
10.557
9.770
9.015
8.291
7.955
6.999
5.500
8.621
7.177
6.159
5.457
4.671
3.916
3.192
2.855
1.900


English Units
Internal
Diameter
in
lb/ft
in
34.00
7.000
7.625

bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
5.595
24.929
22.379
22.379
18.509
14.866
10.738
6.124
1.024
17.00
20.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
26.00
28.00
29.00
30.00
32.00
33.70
34.00
35.00
35.30
38.00
40.00
41.00
44.00
6.538
6.456
6.398
6.366
6.336
6.276
6.214
6.184
6.154
6.094
6.048
6.040
6.004
6.000
5.920
5.836
5.820
5.720
36.043
35.008
34.284
33.887
33.517
32.782
32.030
31.668
31.309
30.595
30.052
29.958
29.537
29.491
28.564
27.605
27.424
26.303
33.493
32.458
31.734
31.337
30.967
30.232
29.480
29.118
28.759
28.045
27.503
27.409
26.987
26.941
26.014
25.055
24.874
23.753
33.493
32.458
31.734
31.337
30.967
30.232
29.480
29.118
28.759
28.045
27.503
27.409
26.987
26.941
26.014
25.055
24.874
23.753
29.623
28.588
27.864
27.467
27.097
26.362
25.609
25.248
24.889
24.175
23.632
23.538
23.117
23.070
22.144
21.185
21.004
19.883
25.980
24.945
24.221
23.824
23.454
22.719
21.967
21.605
21.246
20.532
19.989
19.896
19.474
19.428
18.501
17.542
17.361
16.240
21.852
20.817
20.093
19.696
19.326
18.591
17.838
17.477
17.117
16.404
15.861
15.767
15.346
15.299
14.373
13.414
13.233
12.112
17.238
16.203
15.478
15.082
14.712
13.976
13.224
12.863
12.503
11.790
11.247
11.153
10.732
10.685
9.759
8.800
8.619
7.498
12.138
11.103
10.379
9.982
9.612
8.877
8.124
7.763
7.404
6.690
6.147
6.053
5.632
5.585
4.659
3.700
3.519
2.398
20.00
24.00
7.125
7.025
43.834
42.459
41.284
39.909
41.284
39.909
37.413
36.039
33.771
32.396
29.642
28.268
25.028
23.654
19.929
18.554
bbls
bbls

Weight
57
Outside
Diameter
English Units
58
Outside
Diameter
Weight
Internal
Diameter
in
lb/ft
in
26.40
29.70
33.70
36.00
38.00
39.00
45.30
7.75

bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
6.990
6.875
6.765
6.705
6.655
6.625
6.435
41.983
40.434
38.976
38.191
37.542
37.155
34.745
39.433
37.884
36.427
35.641
34.993
34.606
32.195
39.433
37.884
36.427
35.641
34.993
34.606
32.195
35.562
34.014
32.556
31.771
31.122
30.735
28.325
31.920
30.371
28.913
28.128
27.480
27.093
24.682
27.791
26.243
24.785
24.000
23.351
22.964
20.554
23.177
21.628
20.171
19.386
18.737
18.350
15.940
18.078
16.529
15.071
14.286
13.637
13.250
10.840
46.10
6.560
36.323
33.773
33.773
29.903
26.260
22.132
17.518
12.418
26.00
7.386
47.513
44.963
44.963
41.092
37.450
33.321
28.707
23.608
8.125
28.00
32.00
35.50
39.50
7.485
7.385
7.285
7.185
48.943
47.498
46.073
44.668
46.393
44.949
43.523
42.118
46.393
44.949
43.523
42.118
42.523
41.078
39.653
38.248
38.880
37.435
36.010
34.605
34.752
33.307
31.882
30.476
30.137
28.693
27.268
25.862
25.038
23.593
22.168
20.763
8.625
24.00
28.00
32.00
36.00
38.00
40.00
8.097
8.017
7.921
7.825
7.775
7.725
58.206
56.954
55.468
53.999
53.242
52.489
55.656
54.404
52.918
51.449
50.692
49.939
55.656
54.404
52.918
51.449
50.692
49.939
51.786
50.534
49.047
47.579
46.821
46.069
48.143
46.891
45.405
43.936
43.179
42.426
44.015
42.763
41.276
39.808
39.050
38.297
39.401
38.149
36.662
35.194
34.436
33.683
34.301
33.049
31.562
30.094
29.336
28.584


English Units
59
Outside
Diameter
Weight
Internal
Diameter
in
lb/ft
in
43.00
44.00
48.00
49.00
8.75

bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
7.651
7.625
7.537
7.511
51.384
50.998
49.702
49.322
48.834
48.448
47.152
46.772
48.834
48.448
47.152
46.772
44.963
44.577
43.281
42.901
41.321
40.935
39.639
39.259
37.192
36.806
35.510
35.130
32.578
32.192
30.896
30.516
27.478
27.093
25.796
25.416
49.70
7.636
51.161
48.611
48.611
44.741
41.098
36.969
32.355
27.256
34.00
38.00
40.00
45.00
50.20
55.00
8.290
8.196
8.150
8.032
7.910
7.812
61.278
59.773
59.043
57.188
55.298
53.802
58.728
57.223
56.493
54.638
52.749
51.252
58.728
57.223
56.493
54.638
52.749
51.252
54.858
53.353
52.622
50.768
48.878
47.382
51.215
49.710
48.980
47.125
45.236
43.739
47.087
45.582
44.851
42.996
41.107
39.610
42.473
40.968
40.237
38.382
36.493
34.996
37.373
35.868
35.137
33.283
31.393
29.897
9.625
29.30
32.30
36.00
38.00
40.00
42.00
43.50
47.00
53.50
9.063
9.001
8.921
8.885
8.835
8.799
8.755
8.681
8.535
74.308
73.220
71.828
71.205
70.344
69.728
68.977
67.724
65.282
71.758
70.671
69.278
68.655
67.795
67.178
66.428
65.174
62.733
71.758
70.671
69.278
68.655
67.795
67.178
66.428
65.174
62.733
67.888
66.800
65.407
64.785
63.924
63.307
62.557
61.304
58.862
64.245
63.157
61.765
61.142
60.281
59.665
58.915
57.661
55.220
60.117
59.029
57.636
57.014
56.153
55.536
54.786
53.533
51.091
55.503
54.415
53.022
52.400
51.539
50.922
50.172
48.919
46.477
50.403
49.315
47.923
47.300
46.439
45.823
45.072
43.819
41.377

bbls
English Units
Outside
Diameter
Weight
Internal
Diameter
in
lb/ft
in
58.40
61.10
71.80
9.75
60
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
8.435
8.375
8.125
63.634
62.654
58.647
61.084
60.104
56.097
61.084
60.104
56.097
57.214
56.234
52.227
53.571
52.591
48.584
49.443
48.463
44.456
44.829
43.849
39.842
39.729
38.749
34.742
59.20
8.560
65.698
63.148
63.148
59.277
55.635
51.506
46.892
41.792
9.875
62.80
8.625
66.783
64.233
64.233
60.362
56.720
52.591
47.977
42.878
10
33.00
41.50
45.50
50.50
55.50
61.20
9.384
9.200
9.120
9.016
8.908
8.790
80.060
76.739
75.315
73.483
71.603
69.574
77.511
74.189
72.765
70.933
69.053
67.024
77.511
74.189
72.765
70.933
69.053
67.024
73.640
70.319
68.895
67.063
65.182
63.154
69.997
66.676
65.252
63.420
61.540
59.511
65.869
62.547
61.124
59.292
57.411
55.383
61.255
57.933
56.510
54.678
52.797
50.769
56.155
52.834
51.410
49.578
47.697
45.669
10.75
32.75
35.75
40.50
45.50
48.00
51.00
54.00
55.50
10.192
10.136
10.050
9.950
9.902
9.850
9.784
9.760
95.425
94.319
92.633
90.690
89.765
88.767
87.508
87.053
92.875
91.770
90.083
88.140
87.215
86.217
84.958
84.503
92.875
91.770
90.083
88.140
87.215
86.217
84.958
84.503
89.005
87.899
86.213
84.270
83.344
82.347
81.088
80.632
85.362
84.256
82.570
80.627
79.702
78.704
77.445
76.990
81.234
80.128
78.442
76.499
75.573
74.576
73.317
72.861
76.620
75.514
73.828
71.885
70.959
69.962
68.703
68.247
71.520
70.414
68.728
66.785
65.860
64.862
63.603
63.147


English Units
61
Outside
Diameter
Weight
Internal
Diameter
in
lb/ft
in
60.70
65.70
71.10
76.00
81.00
11.75

bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
9.660
9.560
9.450
9.350
9.250
85.166
83.299
81.268
79.442
77.635
82.616
80.749
78.718
76.892
75.085
82.616
80.749
78.718
76.892
75.085
78.746
76.879
74.848
73.021
71.215
75.103
73.236
71.205
69.379
67.572
70.975
69.108
67.077
65.250
63.444
66.361
64.494
62.462
60.636
58.829
61.261
59.394
57.363
55.536
53.730
38.00
42.00
47.00
54.00
60.00
65.00
71.00
11.150
11.084
11.000
10.880
10.772
10.682
10.586
115.286
113.860
112.058
109.508
107.236
105.361
103.377
112.736
111.310
109.508
106.958
104.686
102.811
100.828
112.736
111.310
109.508
106.958
104.686
102.811
100.828
108.866
107.440
105.638
103.088
100.816
98.941
96.957
105.223
103.797
101.995
99.445
97.173
95.298
93.315
101.094
99.669
97.867
95.317
93.045
91.169
89.186
96.480
95.055
93.253
90.702
88.431
86.555
84.572
91.381
89.955
88.153
85.603
83.331
81.456
79.472
11.875
71.80
10.711
105.963
103.414
103.414
99.543
95.900
91.772
87.158
82.058
12
40.00
11.384
120.408
117.858
117.858
113.988
110.345
106.217
101.602
96.503
12.75
43.00
53.00
12.130
11.970
137.447
133.702
134.897
131.152
134.897
131.152
131.027
127.281
127.384
123.639
123.256
119.510
118.642
114.896
113.542
109.796
13
40.00
45.00
12.438
12.360
144.798
142.919
142.248
140.369
142.248
140.369
138.378
136.499
134.735
132.856
130.606
128.728
125.992
124.113
120.893
119.014

bbls
English Units
Outside
Diameter
Weight
Internal
Diameter
in
lb/ft
in
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
bbls
50.00
54.00
12.282
12.220
141.052
139.576
138.502
137.026
138.502
137.026
134.632
133.156
130.989
129.513
126.860
125.385
122.246
120.771
117.147
115.671

anchor
anchor

62
Annular Volume for Tubing Inside of Casing

Metric Units
Outside
Diameter
Weight
mm
kg/m
Internal Diameter
mm
Annular Volume (barrels per 1,000 m)
Liters
Liters
Liters
26.67
33.401
42.164
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
73.025
73.025
Tubing Diameter (mm)

48.26
60.325
103.89
102.92
102.26
101.60
100.53
99.57
97.18
95.35
93.90
92.46
7.913
7.757
7.650
7.545
7.375
7.224
6.855
6.579
6.363
6.152
7.596
7.439
7.333
7.227
7.058
6.906
6.538
6.261
6.046
5.834
7.076
6.919
6.813
6.707
6.538
6.387
6.018
5.741
5.526
5.315
6.643
6.487
6.380
6.275
6.105
5.954
5.585
5.309
5.094
4.882
5.615
5.458
5.352
5.246
5.077
4.925
4.557
4.280
4.065
3.853
4.286
4.129
4.023
3.917
3.748
3.596
3.227
2.951
2.736
2.524
4.286
4.129
4.023
3.917
3.748
3.596
3.227
2.951
2.736
2.524
120.650
23.81
103.68
7.880
7.563
7.043
6.610
5.582
4.253
4.253

33.401
127.000
17.11
19.34
22.32
26.78
115.82
114.15
111.96
108.61
9.655
9.352
8.964
8.384
42.164
9.135
8.832
8.445
7.864
48.26
8.702
8.400
8.012
7.431
60.325
7.674
7.371
6.984
6.403
73.025
6.345
6.042
5.654
5.074
73.025
6.345
6.042
5.654
5.074
88.9
4.327
4.024
3.636
3.056

14.14
15.62
16.37
17.26
18.75
20.09
22.47
24.70
26.34
27.97
63
114.300
Metric Units
Outside
Diameter
Weight
mm
kg/m
mm
30.21
31.25
34.52
106.27
105.51
102.72
7.990
7.863
7.406
7.470
7.343
6.887
7.037
6.911
6.454
6.009
5.882
5.426
4.680
4.553
4.096
4.680
4.553
4.096
2.662
2.535
2.078
19.34
20.83
22.32
23.06
25.30
29.76
34.22
38.69
128.12
127.30
126.34
125.73
124.26
121.36
118.62
115.52
12.009
11.846
11.654
11.533
11.244
10.686
10.169
9.599
11.489
11.326
11.134
11.013
10.724
10.166
9.649
9.080
11.056
10.893
10.701
10.581
10.292
9.733
9.217
8.647
10.028
9.865
9.673
9.552
9.263
8.705
8.188
7.619
8.699
8.536
8.343
8.223
7.934
7.376
6.859
6.289
8.699
8.536
8.343
8.223
7.934
7.376
6.859
6.289
6.681
6.518
6.326
6.205
5.916
5.358
4.841
4.271
139.700
Internal Diameter
Liters

Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
64

42.164
146.050
20.83
25.30
29.76
33.48
37.50
134.37
131.83
129.29
126.75
124.21
12.777
12.246
11.725
11.215
10.714
48.26
12.344
11.813
11.292
10.782
10.282
60.325
11.315
10.785
10.264
9.754
9.253
73.025
9.986
9.455
8.935
8.424
7.924
73.025
9.986
9.455
8.935
8.424
7.924
88.9
7.968
7.438
6.917
6.406
5.906
101.6
6.069
5.538
5.018
4.507
4.007


Metric Units
Outside
Diameter
Weight
mm
kg/m
Internal Diameter
mm
Liters
Liters
Liters
48.26
60.325
73.025
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
101.6
114.3
152.400
65
22.32
23.81
25.30
26.78
29.76
34.22
38.69
140.31
139.70
138.43
137.77
135.94
133.10
130.56
13.625
13.491
13.214
13.071
12.678
12.077
11.552
12.597
12.463
12.186
12.043
11.650
11.049
10.523
11.268
11.134
10.856
10.713
10.320
9.719
9.194
73.025
11.268
11.134
10.856
10.713
10.320
9.719
9.194
88.9
9.250
9.116
8.839
8.695
8.302
7.702
7.176
7.351
7.217
6.939
6.796
6.403
5.802
5.277
5.198
5.064
4.787
4.644
4.251
3.650
3.124

60.325
19.34
25.30
29.76
32.74
35.71
38.69
41.66
43.15
47.62
158.88
155.83
153.64
152.12
150.39
148.72
147.09
146.33
144.15
16.958
16.205
15.674
15.308
14.898
14.504
14.127
13.951
13.453
15.628
14.875
14.345
13.979
13.569
13.175
12.798
12.622
12.124
73.025
15.628
14.875
14.345
13.979
13.569
13.175
12.798
12.622
12.124
88.9
13.610
12.857
12.327
11.961
11.551
11.157
10.780
10.604
10.106
101.6
11.711
10.958
10.428
10.062
9.652
9.258
8.881
8.705
8.207
114.3
9.559
8.806
8.275
7.910
7.499
7.106
6.728
6.553
6.055
127
7.153
6.400
5.870
5.504
5.094
4.700
4.323
4.147
3.649

168.275
73.025
Metric Units
Weight
mm
kg/m
mm
50.59
142.11
12.997
11.667
11.667
9.650
7.750
5.598
3.193
177.800
25.30
29.76
32.74
34.22
35.71
38.69
41.66
43.15
44.64
47.62
50.14
50.59
52.08
52.53
56.54
59.52
61.01
65.47
166.07
163.98
162.51
161.70
160.93
159.41
157.84
157.07
156.31
154.79
153.62
153.42
152.50
152.40
150.37
148.23
147.83
145.29
18.791
18.251
17.874
17.667
17.474
17.091
16.699
16.510
16.323
15.951
15.668
15.619
15.399
15.375
14.892
14.392
14.297
13.713
17.462
16.922
16.545
16.338
16.145
15.761
15.369
15.181
14.993
14.621
14.338
14.289
14.070
14.046
13.563
13.063
12.968
12.384
17.462
16.922
16.545
16.338
16.145
15.761
15.369
15.181
14.993
14.621
14.338
14.289
14.070
14.046
13.563
13.063
12.968
12.384
15.444
14.904
14.527
14.320
14.127
13.744
13.351
13.163
12.976
12.603
12.321
12.272
12.052
12.028
11.545
11.045
10.950
10.366
13.545
13.005
12.628
12.421
12.228
11.845
11.452
11.264
11.077
10.704
10.422
10.373
10.153
10.129
9.646
9.146
9.051
8.467
11.392
10.853
10.475
10.268
10.075
9.692
9.300
9.112
8.924
8.552
8.269
8.220
8.001
7.976
7.493
6.993
6.899
6.314
8.987
8.447
8.070
7.863
7.670
7.287
6.894
6.706
6.519
6.146
5.864
5.815
5.595
5.571
5.088
4.588
4.493
3.909
193.675
29.76
35.71
180.98
178.44
22.853
22.136
21.523
20.807
21.523
20.807
19.506
18.789
17.606
16.890
15.454
14.737
13.049
12.332
66
Outside
Diameter
Internal Diameter
Liters

Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters


Metric Units
Weight
mm
kg/m
mm
39.28
44.19
50.14
53.57
56.54
58.03
67.41
177.55
174.63
171.83
170.31
169.04
168.28
163.45
21.888
21.080
20.320
19.911
19.573
19.371
18.114
20.558
19.751
18.991
18.582
18.243
18.042
16.785
20.558
19.751
18.991
18.582
18.243
18.042
16.785
18.541
17.733
16.973
16.564
16.226
16.024
14.767
16.641
15.834
15.074
14.665
14.326
14.125
12.868
14.489
13.682
12.922
12.512
12.174
11.972
10.716
12.084
11.276
10.516
10.107
9.769
9.567
8.310
196.850
68.60
166.62
18.937
17.608
17.608
15.590
13.691
11.538
9.133
203.200
38.69
187.60
24.771
23.441
23.441
21.424
19.524
17.372
14.967
206.375
41.66
47.62
52.82
58.78
190.12
187.58
185.04
182.50
25.516
24.763
24.020
23.288
24.187
23.434
22.691
21.958
24.187
23.434
22.691
21.958
22.169
21.416
20.673
19.940
20.270
19.517
18.774
18.041
18.118
17.365
16.622
15.889
15.712
14.959
14.216
13.483
219.075
35.71
41.66
47.62
53.57
56.54
59.52
205.66
203.63
201.19
198.76
197.49
196.22
30.346
29.693
28.918
28.153
27.758
27.365
29.016
28.364
27.589
26.823
26.428
26.036
29.016
28.364
27.589
26.823
26.428
26.036
26.999
26.346
25.571
24.805
24.410
24.018
25.100
24.447
23.672
22.906
22.511
22.119
22.947
22.294
21.519
20.754
20.359
19.966
20.542
19.889
19.114
18.348
17.953
17.561
67
Outside
Diameter
Liters

Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters

Internal Diameter
Metric Units
Weight
mm
kg/m
mm
63.98
65.47
71.42
72.91
194.34
193.68
191.44
190.78
26.789
26.588
25.912
25.714
25.459
25.258
24.583
24.384
25.459
25.258
24.583
24.384
23.442
23.240
22.565
22.367
21.543
21.341
20.666
20.468
19.390
19.189
18.513
18.315
16.985
16.783
16.108
15.910
222.250
73.95
193.95
26.673
25.343
25.343
23.326
21.426
19.274
16.868
228.600
50.59
56.54
59.52
66.96
74.70
81.84
210.57
208.18
207.01
204.01
200.91
198.42
31.948
31.163
30.782
29.815
28.830
28.050
30.618
29.833
29.453
28.486
27.501
26.720
30.618
29.833
29.453
28.486
27.501
26.720
28.600
27.816
27.435
26.468
25.483
24.702
26.701
25.916
25.536
24.569
23.584
22.803
24.549
23.764
23.383
22.416
21.431
20.651
22.143
21.358
20.978
20.011
19.026
18.245
244.475
43.60
48.06
53.57
56.54
59.52
62.50
64.73
69.94
79.61
230.20
228.63
226.59
225.68
224.41
223.49
222.38
220.50
216.79
38.741
38.174
37.447
37.123
36.674
36.353
35.961
35.308
34.035
37.411
36.844
36.118
35.793
35.345
35.023
34.632
33.979
32.706
37.411
36.844
36.118
35.793
35.345
35.023
34.632
33.979
32.706
35.394
34.826
34.100
33.776
33.327
33.005
32.614
31.961
30.688
33.494
32.927
32.201
31.876
31.428
31.106
30.715
30.062
28.789
31.342
30.775
30.049
29.724
29.275
28.954
28.563
27.909
26.636
28.937
28.369
27.643
27.319
26.870
26.548
26.157
25.504
24.231
68
Outside
Diameter
Internal Diameter
Liters

Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters


Metric Units
69
Outside
Diameter
Weight
mm
kg/m
mm
86.90
90.92
106.84
214.25
212.73
206.38
33.176
32.665
30.576
31.846
31.336
29.246
31.846
31.336
29.246
29.828
29.318
27.229
27.929
27.419
25.330
25.777
25.266
23.177
23.371
22.861
20.772
247.650
88.09
217.42
34.252
32.922
32.922
30.904
29.005
26.853
24.447
250.825
93.45
219.08
34.817
33.488
33.488
31.470
29.571
27.419
25.013
254.000
49.10
61.75
67.70
75.14
82.58
91.06
238.35
233.68
231.65
229.01
226.26
223.27
41.740
40.008
39.266
38.310
37.330
36.272
40.410
38.678
37.936
36.981
36.001
34.943
40.410
38.678
37.936
36.981
36.001
34.943
38.392
36.661
35.918
34.963
33.983
32.925
36.493
34.762
34.019
33.064
32.084
31.026
34.341
32.609
31.867
30.912
29.931
28.874
31.935
30.204
29.461
28.506
27.526
26.468
273.050
48.73
53.20
60.26
67.70
71.42
75.89
80.35
82.58
258.88
257.45
255.27
252.73
251.51
250.19
248.51
247.90
49.750
49.174
48.294
47.281
46.799
46.279
45.622
45.385
48.421
47.844
46.965
45.952
45.470
44.949
44.293
44.056
48.421
47.844
46.965
45.952
45.470
44.949
44.293
44.056
46.403
45.826
44.947
43.934
43.452
42.932
42.275
42.038
44.504
43.927
43.048
42.035
41.553
41.032
40.376
40.139
42.351
41.775
40.896
39.883
39.400
38.880
38.224
37.986
39.946
39.369
38.490
37.477
36.995
36.475
35.818
35.581
Liters

Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters

Internal Diameter
Metric Units
Weight
mm
kg/m
mm
90.32
97.76
105.80
113.09
120.53
245.36
242.82
240.03
237.49
234.95
44.401
43.428
42.369
41.417
40.475
43.072
42.099
41.040
40.088
39.146
43.072
42.099
41.040
40.088
39.146
41.054
40.081
39.022
38.070
37.128
39.155
38.182
37.123
36.171
35.229
37.003
36.029
34.970
34.018
33.076
34.597
33.624
32.565
31.613
30.671
298.450
56.54
62.50
69.94
80.35
89.28
96.72
105.65
283.21
281.53
279.40
276.35
273.61
271.32
268.88
60.104
59.361
58.422
57.092
55.908
54.930
53.896
58.775
58.032
57.092
55.763
54.578
53.601
52.567
58.775
58.032
57.092
55.763
54.578
53.601
52.567
56.757
56.014
55.075
53.745
52.561
51.583
50.549
54.858
54.115
53.175
51.846
50.661
49.684
48.650
52.706
51.963
51.023
49.693
48.509
47.531
46.497
50.300
49.557
48.618
47.288
46.104
45.126
44.092
301.625
106.84
272.06
55.244
53.915
53.915
51.897
49.998
47.845
45.440
304.800
59.52
289.15
62.775
61.445
61.445
59.428
57.528
55.376
52.971
323.850
63.98
78.86
308.10
304.04
71.658
69.705
70.329
68.376
70.329
68.376
68.311
66.358
66.412
64.459
64.260
62.307
61.854
59.901
330.200
59.52
66.96
315.93
313.94
75.490
74.511
74.161
73.181
74.161
73.181
72.143
71.164
70.244
69.265
68.092
67.112
65.686
64.707
70
Outside
Diameter
Internal Diameter
Liters

Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters


Metric Units
Outside
Diameter
Weight
mm
kg/m
mm
74.40
80.35
311.96
310.39
Internal Diameter
Liters
73.537
72.768

Liters
72.208
71.439
Liters
72.208
71.439
Liters
70.190
69.421
Liters
68.291
67.522
Liters
66.139
65.369
Liters
63.733
62.964
71
anchor
anchor
anchor


72

Coiled Tubing Performance Data

The columns in the following tables are defined as:
Outside Diameter
Nominal OD of the CT
Wall Thickness Nominal
Nominal wall thickness
Wall Thickness Minimum
Minimum wall thickness
Weight
Weight of the CT per unit length
Yield Load
Axial load at which new straight CT will yield with

no internal or external pressure. See the Stress
Limits description for pressure correction. Axial
load is not the same as weight read on a weight
indicator. See the Stress Limits description for
clarification.
Yield Pressure
Internal pressure at which yielding begins in new

straight pipe with no axial load applied
Yield Torque
Torque at which new straight CT will yield with no

internal or external pressure, and no axial load
applied
Elastic Stretch
The amount of elastic stretch for new straight CT

of a certain length (1,000 ft. or 1,000 m) when a
certain axial load is applied (1,000 lb. or 1,000 kg.)
Collapse Pressure Fa = 0
External pressure at which new straight CT with

0%, 2% and 4% ovality will collapse with no internal pressure and no axial load
Collapse Pressure Fa = Fy/2
External pressure at which new straight CT with

0%, 2% and 4% ovality will collapse with no internal pressure and a tensile axial load of half the
yield load
Equations
The cross sectional area of the steel is:
A = ( ro2 ri 2 )
The yield load is:
Fy = A y
The yield pressure assuming the minimum wall thickness is:
Py =
y tmin
ro

The yield torque for steel is:
Ty =
0.5773 y ro4 ( ro tmin )
2ro
The elastic stretch for CT that has never been bent is:
af =
Fa L
AE
The ovality is defined as:
ro max ro min
ro
The collapse calculation is based on the equations in reference 1. Due to their length these
equations are not reproduced in this handbook.
Nomenclature
A
= cross sectional area of the CT wall = Ao - AI
AI
= internal cross sectional area of CT = ri2
Ao
= external cross sectional area of CT = ro2
= modulus of elasticity - 27 x 106 psi used for tables
Fy
= axial yield load of the CT
= length of the CT section
Py
= internal pressure required to yield the CT
rI
= internal radius of the CT
ro
= nominal external radius of the CT
ro-max = the largest radius for oval tubing

ro-min = the smallest radius for oval tubing
t
= nominal wall thickness of the CT = ro-rI
tmin = minimum wall thickness of the CT

Ty
= yield torque
af = stretch due to axial force
= ovality of the CT
References
API Recommended Practice 5C7, First Edition: Recommended Practice for Coiled Tubing
Operations in Oil and Gas Well Services, December 1996
Grade 70
70,000 psi Yield Strength (english units)
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Yield Elastic
Press. Torque Stretch
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Ovality = 4%
Fa=Fy/2 Fa=0 Fa=Fy/2
in
in
lb/ft
lb
psi
ft-lb
ft *
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.082
0.090
0.097
0.104
0.85
0.92
0.98
1.04
16,554
18,011
19,262
20,492
11,480
12,600
13,580
14,560
338
362
382
401
0.1484
0.1371
0.1287
0.1214
10,539
11,466
12,263
13,046
7,213
7,847
8,393
8,929
6,442
7,257
7,978
8,705
4,409
4,967
5,460
5,957
5,146
5,859
6,496
7,143
3,522
4,010
4,446
4,889
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.082
0.090
0.097
0.104
0.113
0.117
0.126
0.140
0.148
0.167
1.08
1.17
1.25
1.33
1.43
1.50
1.60
1.71
1.82
2.01
21,062
22,959
24,595
26,210
28,254
29,152
31,145
34,174
35,867
39,773
9,184
10,080
10,864
11,648
12,265
13,104
14,112
15,680
16,576
18,704
556
598
634
668
710
728
767
823
853
919
0.1165
0.1074
0.1007
0.0948
0.0883
0.0838
0.0788
0.0736
0.0691
0.0627
7,974
9,335
10,021
10,679
11,512
11,877
12,690
13,924
14,613
16,205
5,458
6,389
6,858
7,309
7,879
8,129
8,685
9,530
10,002
11,091
4,671
5,437
5,999
6,564
7,298
7,627
8,372
9,540
10,212
11,810
3,197
3,721
4,106
4,492
4,995
5,220
5,730
6,530
6,989
8,083
3,655
4,279
4,762
5,252
5,895
6,185
6,846
7,894
8,501
9,965
2,502
2,928
3,259
3,595
4,035
4,233
4,685
5,402
5,819
6,820
1.500
1.500
1.500
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.090
0.097
0.104
1.42
1.52
1.62
27,907
29,928
31,928
8,400
9,053
9,707
893
949
1,003
0.0883
0.0827
0.0778
6,784
7,776
8,768
4,643
5,322
6,001
4,016
4,561
5,116
2,748
3,122
3,501
3,129
3,566
4,016
2,141
2,441
2,749
* Feet of stretch when 1,000 lbs of force is applied to a section 1,000 ft. long.

in
Grade 70
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Yield Elastic
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Ovality = 4%
in
in
lb/ft
lb
psi
ft-lb
ft *
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.113
0.117
0.126
0.140
0.148
0.167
1.74
1.83
1.95
2.10
2.24
2.47
34,467
35,584
38,072
41,871
44,003
48,955
10,547
10,920
11,760
13,067
13,813
15,587
1,070
1,099
1,162
1,255
1,305
1,417
0.0723
0.0686
0.0644
0.0600
0.0562
0.0508
9,752
10,068
10,772
11,847
12,450
13,851
6,675
6,891
7,373
8,108
8,521
9,480
5,773
6,039
6,645
7,599
8,150
9,471
3,951
4,133
4,548
5,201
5,578
6,482
4,566
4,797
5,323
6,161
6,649
7,831
3,125
3,283
3,643
4,216
4,551
5,359
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
0.102
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.097
0.104
0.113
0.117
0.126
0.140
0.148
0.167
0.180
1.79
1.91
2.05
2.17
2.31
2.48
2.65
2.94
3.13
35,261
37,645
40,679
42,017
44,999
49,568
52,140
58,136
62,147
7,760
8,320
9,040
9,360
10,080
11,200
11,840
13,360
14,400
1,329
1,408
1,506
1,548
1,641
1,779
1,855
2,025
2,133
0.0701
0.0659
0.0612
0.0580
0.0544
0.0507
0.0474
0.0428
0.0401
5,812
6,662
7,755
8,241
9,335
10,304
10,839
12,085
12,919
3,978
4,560
5,308
5,641
6,389
7,052
7,418
8,271
8,842
3,489
3,949
4,550
4,820
5,437
6,240
6,703
7,815
8,586
2,388
2,703
3,114
3,299
3,721
4,271
4,587
5,349
5,876
2,712
3,076
3,557
3,776
4,279
4,971
5,373
6,352
7,036
1,856
2,105
2,435
2,584
2,928
3,402
3,678
4,347
4,816
2.000
0.109
0.104
2.20
43,363
7,280
1,880
0.0572
5,083
3,479
3,099
2,121
2,406
1,647
2.000 0.118 0.113
2.37
46,892
7,910
2,015
0.0531
6,040
4,134
3,612
2,472
2,809
1,922

in
Grade 70
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Yield Elastic
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Ovality = 4%
in
in
lb/ft
lb
psi
ft-lb
ft *
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.117
0.126
0.140
0.148
0.167
0.180
0.198
2.50
2.67
2.87
3.07
3.41
3.63
3.89
48,449
51,926
57,265
60,277
67,317
72,043
78,464
8,190
8,820
9,800
10,360
11,690
12,600
13,860
2,074
2,203
2,396
2,502
2,743
2,898
3,101
0.0503
0.0471
0.0438
0.0410
0.0369
0.0346
0.0323
6,465
7,421
8,910
9,593
10,714
11,466
12,488
4,425
5,079
6,098
6,566
7,333
7,847
8,547
3,842
4,365
5,196
5,640
6,594
7,257
8,185
2,630
2,988
3,556
3,860
4,513
4,967
5,602
2,991
3,409
4,082
4,452
5,279
5,859
6,679
2,047
2,333
2,793
3,047
3,613
4,010
4,572
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.236
0.117
0.126
0.140
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.231
3.00
3.20
3.45
3.69
4.11
4.39
4.70
5.39
58,098
62,317
68,810
73,852
82,434
88,214
94,792
108,914
6,897
7,427
8,253
8,901
10,021
10,787
11,672
13,617
3,008
3,202
3,495
3,717
4,083
4,323
4,588
5,129
0.0419
0.0393
0.0365
0.0341
0.0306
0.0287
0.0267
0.0234
4,501
5,307
6,560
7,544
9,245
9,956
10,699
12,292
3,081
3,632
4,490
5,164
6,328
6,814
7,322
8,413
2,789
3,218
3,894
4,433
5,386
5,944
6,581
8,005
1,909
2,203
2,665
3,034
3,686
4,068
4,504
5,479
2,167
2,500
3,032
3,463
4,237
4,715
5,267
6,520
1,483
1,711
2,075
2,370
2,900
3,227
3,605
4,462
2.625
2.625
0.145
0.156
0.140
0.151
3.84
4.11
76,507
82,153
7,467
8,053
4,343
4,625
0.0328
0.0306
5,366
6,257
3,673
4,282
3,250
3,730
2,225
2,553
2,524
2,902
1,728
1,986

in
Grade 70
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Yield Elastic
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Ovality = 4%
in
in
lb/ft
lb
psi
ft-lb
ft *
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.236
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.231
4.57
4.89
5.25
6.02
91,780
98,275
105,678
121,614
9,067
9,760
10,560
12,320
5,093
5,400
5,742
6,446
0.0275
0.0257
0.0240
0.0209
7,796
8,849
9,763
11,236
5,336
6,056
6,682
7,690
4,572
5,161
5,782
7,052
3,129
3,533
3,957
4,827
3,576
4,054
4,575
5,679
2,447
2,774
3,131
3,887
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.236
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.231
4.53
5.04
5.39
5.79
6.64
90,455
101,126
108,336
116,563
134,314
7,353
8,278
8,911
9,642
11,249
5,633
6,215
6,599
7,027
7,916
0.0278
0.0250
0.0233
0.0217
0.0189
5,194
6,599
7,560
8,669
10,345
3,555
4,516
5,174
5,933
7,080
3,158
3,915
4,442
5,060
6,275
2,161
2,679
3,040
3,463
4,295
2,452
3,049
3,470
3,971
5,001
1,679
2,087
2,375
2,718
3,423
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.236
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.231
5.57
6.21
6.64
7.14
8.22
111,209
124,492
133,489
143,777
166,064
6,040
6,800
7,320
7,920
9,240
8,590
9,512
10,125
10,812
12,257
0.0226
0.0203
0.0189
0.0176
0.0153
3,200
4,354
5,144
6,055
8,059
2,190
2,980
3,520
4,144
5,516
2,095
2,711
3,131
3,620
4,719
1,434
1,855
2,143
2,478
3,229
1,639
2,106
2,432
2,815
3,694
1,122
1,442
1,664
1,927
2,528
4.500
4.500
0.204
0.224
0.199
0.219
9.35
10.22
188,222
206,176
6,191
6,813
18,652
20,251
0.0135
0.0123
3,429
4,374
2,347
2,994
2,218
2,722
1,518
1,863
1,732
2,115
1,185
1,447
in

Grade 70
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Yield Elastic
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Ovality = 4%
in
in
in
lb/ft
lb
psi
ft-lb
ft *
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
4.500
4.500
0.236
0.250
0.231
0.245
10.74
11.34
216,863
229,252
7,187
7,622
21,188
22,260
0.0117
0.0111
4,941
5,603
3,382
3,834
3,023
3,377
2,069
2,311
2,348
2,624
1,607
1,796
6.625
6.625
0.280
0.300
0.270
0.288
18.95
20.24
377,335
401,351
5,706
6,086
55,430
58,640
0.0066
0.0062
3,199
3,270
2,190
2,238
2,003
2,132
1,371
1,459
1,546
1,667
1,058
1,141

Grade 70
483 MPa Yield Strength (metric units)
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Pressure
Yield
Torque
Elastic
Stretch
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
mm
mm
kg/m
kPa
N-m
m*
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
25.40
25.40
25.40
25.40
2.21
2.41
2.59
2.77
2.08
2.29
2.46
2.64
1.26
1.36
1.45
1.54
73,574
80,048
85,610
91,077
79,151
86,873
93,630
100,387
458
491
518
543
0.3273
0.3024
0.2838
0.2677
72,661
79,055
84,548
89,947
49,730
54,106
57,866
61,561
44,417
50,034
55,004
60,015
30,399
34,244
37,646
41,075
35,482
40,395
44,785
49,247
24,284
27,647
30,651
33,706
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
2.21
2.41
2.59
2.77
3.00
3.18
3.40
3.68
3.96
4.45
2.08
2.29
2.46
2.64
2.87
3.05
3.28
3.56
3.84
4.32
1.61
1.74
1.86
1.97
2.12
2.23
2.37
2.54
2.71
2.99
93,610
102,039
109,312
116,489
125,575
132,533
141,339
151,886
162,196
179,448
63,321
69,499
74,904
80,309
87,259
92,665
99,615
108,109
116,603
131,275
753
810
858
905
962
1,004
1,056
1,115
1,171
1,258
0.2569
0.2369
0.2220
0.2090
0.1946
0.1849
0.1738
0.1622
0.1523
0.1382
54,979
64,360
69,091
73,628
79,371
83,769
89,334
96,001
102,518
113,422
37,629
44,049
47,287
50,392
54,323
57,333
61,142
65,704
70,164
77,627
32,207
37,486
41,362
45,254
50,316
54,291
59,441
65,778
72,146
83,166
22,043
25,656
28,309
30,973
34,437
37,158
40,682
45,019
49,378
56,920
25,203
29,501
32,833
36,211
40,644
44,153
48,734
54,424
60,197
70,315
17,249
20,191
22,471
24,783
27,817
30,219
33,354
37,248
41,200
48,125
38.10
38.10
38.10
2.41
2.59
2.77
2.29
2.46
2.64
2.12
2.26
2.41
124,030
133,013
141,901
57,915
62,420
66,925
1,210
1,286
1,359
0.1948
0.1823
0.1715
46,771
53,611
60,452
32,011
36,692
41,374
27,686
31,447
35,271
18,949
21,523
24,140
21,572
24,590
27,691
14,764
16,829
18,952
mm

* Meters of stretch when 1,000 kgs of force is applied to a section 1,000 m long.
Grade 70
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Pressure
Yield
Torque
Elastic
Stretch
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
mm
mm
kg/m
kPa
N-m
m*
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
38.10
38.10
38.10
38.10
38.10
38.10
3.00
3.18
3.40
3.68
3.96
4.45
2.87
3.05
3.28
3.56
3.84
4.32
2.59
2.73
2.91
3.12
3.33
3.68
153,186
161,855
172,859
186,094
199,092
220,987
72,716
77,221
83,012
90,091
97,169
109,396
1,450
1,518
1,602
1,700
1,793
1,942
0.1594
0.1512
0.1420
0.1323
0.1240
0.1121
67,238
71,043
75,873
81,682
87,388
96,998
46,019
48,623
51,929
55,904
59,809
66,387
39,800
43,025
47,216
52,395
57,625
66,741
27,240
29,447
32,315
35,860
39,439
45,679
31,484
34,273
37,924
42,476
47,114
55,294
21,548
23,457
25,956
29,071
32,245
37,844
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
2.59
2.77
3.00
3.18
3.40
3.68
3.96
4.45
4.78
2.46
2.64
2.87
3.05
3.28
3.56
3.84
4.32
4.65
2.67
2.84
3.06
3.22
3.44
3.69
3.95
4.38
4.66
156,715
167,313
180,798
191,176
204,380
220,302
235,988
262,525
280,276
53,503
57,364
62,328
66,189
71,153
77,221
83,288
93,768
100,938
1,800
1,907
2,039
2,139
2,264
2,410
2,550
2,777
2,922
0.1546
0.1453
0.1350
0.1280
0.1200
0.1117
0.1045
0.0943
0.0885
40,070
45,933
53,472
59,335
65,908
71,043
76,101
84,659
90,383
27,425
31,437
36,597
40,610
45,109
48,623
52,085
57,942
61,859
24,058
27,230
31,370
34,642
38,689
43,025
47,416
55,106
60,426
16,466
18,637
21,470
23,710
26,479
29,447
32,452
37,715
41,356
18,697
21,209
24,527
27,179
30,528
34,273
38,099
44,875
49,615
12,797
14,515
16,787
18,602
20,894
23,457
26,076
30,713
33,957
50.80
50.80
2.77
3.00
2.64
2.87
3.27
3.53
192,725
208,409
50,193
54,537
2,547
2,730
0.1261
0.1171
35,045
41,641
23,985
28,499
21,366
24,904
14,623
17,045
16,591
19,364
11,355
13,253

mm
Grade 70
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Pressure
Yield
Torque
Elastic
Stretch
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
10
mm
mm
kg/m
kPa
N-m
m*
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
3.18
3.40
3.68
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
3.05
3.28
3.56
3.84
4.32
4.65
5.03
3.72
3.97
4.27
4.57
5.07
5.41
5.79
220,498
235,901
254,511
272,885
304,064
324,991
348,727
57,915
62,259
67,568
72,877
82,047
88,321
95,561
2,868
3,042
3,246
3,443
3,765
3,973
4,201
0.1109
0.1040
0.0966
0.0904
0.0814
0.0763
0.0713
46,771
53,367
61,429
67,375
75,073
80,240
86,100
32,011
36,525
42,043
46,112
51,381
54,917
58,928
27,686
31,312
35,823
39,915
46,514
51,095
56,432
18,949
21,430
24,518
27,318
31,835
34,970
38,623
21,572
24,480
28,141
31,583
37,310
41,329
46,053
14,764
16,755
19,260
21,616
25,536
28,286
31,519
60.33
60.33
60.33
60.33
60.33
60.33
60.33
60.33
3.18
3.40
3.68
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
5.99
3.05
3.28
3.56
3.84
4.32
4.65
5.03
5.87
4.46
4.77
5.13
5.50
6.11
6.53
7.00
8.01
264,480
283,181
305,824
328,229
366,373
392,064
421,298
484,063
48,771
52,429
56,899
61,370
69,092
74,376
80,472
93,884
4,163
4,424
4,734
5,035
5,531
5,856
6,214
6,948
0.0924
0.0866
0.0804
0.0751
0.0675
0.0632
0.0590
0.0515
32,884
38,439
45,228
52,017
63,743
68,645
73,763
84,753
22,507
26,308
30,955
35,601
43,627
46,981
50,485
58,006
20,215
23,182
26,846
30,565
37,135
40,984
45,372
55,192
13,835
15,866
18,374
20,919
25,415
28,050
31,053
37,774
15,698
18,009
20,903
23,879
29,214
32,506
36,314
44,951
10,744
12,326
14,306
16,343
19,994
22,247
24,854
30,765
66.68
66.68
3.68
3.96
3.56
3.84
5.71
6.11
340,032
365,125
51,480
55,525
5,883
6,265
0.0723
0.0675
36,999
43,141
25,323
29,527
22,410
25,715
15,338
17,599
17,405
20,005
11,912
13,692

mm
Grade 70
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Pressure
Yield
Torque
Elastic
Stretch
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
11
mm
mm
kg/m
kPa
N-m
m*
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
66.68
66.68
66.68
66.68
4.45
4.78
5.16
5.99
4.32
4.65
5.03
5.87
6.81
7.27
7.81
8.95
407,911
436,779
469,678
540,507
62,512
67,292
72,808
84,943
6,899
7,315
7,778
8,732
0.0606
0.0567
0.0529
0.0461
53,751
61,010
67,316
77,468
36,788
41,756
46,072
53,020
31,525
35,586
39,866
48,622
21,576
24,356
27,285
33,278
24,652
27,948
31,540
39,156
16,872
19,128
21,587
26,799
73.03
73.03
73.03
73.03
73.03
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
5.99
3.84
4.32
4.65
5.03
5.87
6.73
7.50
8.02
8.61
9.89
402,022
449,450
481,495
518,059
596,951
50,697
57,076
61,441
66,477
77,556
7,630
8,419
8,939
9,519
10,723
0.0613
0.0550
0.0515
0.0479
0.0417
35,809
45,496
52,124
59,772
71,325
24,508
31,138
35,675
40,909
48,816
21,774
26,992
30,624
34,888
43,267
14,903
18,474
20,960
23,878
29,612
16,909
21,019
23,926
27,379
34,482
11,573
14,386
16,376
18,739
23,600
88.90
88.90
88.90
88.90
88.90
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
5.99
3.84
4.32
4.65
5.03
5.87
8.28
9.24
9.88
10.63
12.23
494,262
553,297
593,283
639,010
738,061
41,644
46,884
50,469
54,606
63,707
11,636
12,885
13,715
14,647
16,604
0.0498
0.0447
0.0417
0.0388
0.0337
22,062
30,019
35,463
41,745
55,566
15,099
20,545
24,272
28,571
38,030
14,443
18,690
21,590
24,960
32,533
9,885
12,792
14,776
17,083
22,266
11,301
14,523
16,765
19,409
25,467
7,734
9,940
11,474
13,284
17,430
114.30
114.30
5.18
5.69
5.05
5.56
13.91
15.21
836,542
916,336
42,686
46,976
25,265
27,432
0.0297
0.0271
23,644
30,159
16,182
20,641
15,292
18,764
10,466
12,842
11,939
14,580
8,171
9,979

mm
Grade 70
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Pressure
Yield
Torque
Elastic
Stretch
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
12
mm
mm
mm
kg/m
kPa
N-m
m*
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
114.30
114.30
5.99
6.35
5.87
6.22
15.98
16.87
963,837
1,018,899
49,550
52,553
28,701
30,154
0.0258
0.0245
34,067
38,628
23,316
26,437
20,845
23,283
14,266
15,935
16,186
18,089
11,078
12,380
168.28
168.28
7.11
7.62
6.99
7.49
28.20
30.12
1,706,757
1,825,119
40,067
42,981
76,301
81,103
0.0146
0.0137
20,312
24,093
13,902
16,489
13,392
15,532
9,166
10,631
10,484
12,120
7,175
8,295

Grade 80
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Yield Elastic
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
13
in
in
lb/ft
lb
psi
ft-lb
ft*
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.082
0.090
0.097
0.104
0.85
0.92
0.98
1.04
18,919
20,584
22,014
23,420
13,120
14,400
15,520
16,640
387
414
437
458
0.1484
0.1371
0.1287
0.1214
12,044
13,104
14,015
14,909
8,243
8,969
9,592
10,204
7,362
8,294
9,117
9,948
5,039
5,676
6,240
6,809
5,881
6,696
7,423
8,163
4,025
4,583
5,081
5,587
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.082
0.090
0.097
0.104
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.140
0.151
0.170
1.08
1.17
1.25
1.33
1.43
1.50
1.60
1.71
1.82
2.01
24,071
26,239
28,109
29,954
32,291
34,080
36,344
39,056
41,708
46,144
10,496
11,520
12,416
13,312
14,464
15,360
16,512
17,920
19,328
21,760
635
684
724
763
811
847
891
941
988
1,061
0.1165
0.1074
0.1007
0.0948
0.0883
0.0838
0.0788
0.0736
0.0691
0.0627
8,822
10,395
11,453
12,204
13,156
13,885
14,808
15,913
16,993
18,801
6,038
7,114
7,838
8,353
9,004
9,503
10,135
10,891
11,630
12,867
5,264
6,147
6,856
7,501
8,340
8,999
9,853
10,903
11,959
13,785
3,603
4,207
4,692
5,134
5,708
6,159
6,743
7,462
8,185
9,435
4,130
4,847
5,442
6,002
6,737
7,319
8,078
9,021
9,978
11,655
2,827
3,317
3,725
4,108
4,611
5,009
5,529
6,174
6,829
7,977
1.500
1.500
1.500
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.090
0.097
0.104
1.42
1.52
1.62
31,893
34,203
36,489
9,600
10,347
11,093
1,021
1,085
1,147
0.0883
0.0827
0.0778
7,447
8,593
9,740
5,097
5,881
6,666
4,506
5,137
5,777
3,084
3,516
3,954
3,524
4,028
4,545
2,412
2,757
3,111

in
Grade 80
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Yield Elastic
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
14
in
in
lb/ft
lb
psi
ft-lb
ft*
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.140
0.151
0.170
1.74
1.83
1.95
2.10
2.24
2.47
39,391
41,620
44,450
47,853
51,195
56,825
12,053
12,800
13,760
14,933
16,107
18,133
1,223
1,281
1,352
1,434
1,513
1,638
0.0723
0.0686
0.0644
0.0600
0.0562
0.0508
11,145
11,776
12,577
13,540
14,485
16,078
7,628
8,060
8,608
9,267
9,914
11,004
6,597
7,132
7,826
8,685
9,552
11,063
4,515
4,881
5,357
5,944
6,537
7,572
5,219
5,681
6,286
7,041
7,810
9,165
3,572
3,888
4,302
4,819
5,345
6,273
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
0.102
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.097
0.104
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.140
0.151
0.170
0.183
1.79
1.91
2.05
2.17
2.31
2.48
2.65
2.94
3.13
40,298
43,023
46,491
49,160
52,555
56,649
60,683
67,507
72,071
8,869
9,509
10,331
10,971
11,794
12,800
13,806
15,543
16,731
1,519
1,609
1,721
1,805
1,910
2,034
2,152
2,343
2,466
0.0701
0.0659
0.0612
0.0580
0.0544
0.0507
0.0474
0.0428
0.0401
6,324
7,306
8,570
9,552
10,816
11,776
12,614
14,033
14,982
4,328
5,001
5,865
6,538
7,402
8,060
8,634
9,604
10,254
3,896
4,430
5,124
5,672
6,386
7,132
7,860
9,134
10,016
2,667
3,032
3,507
3,882
4,371
4,881
5,379
6,252
6,855
3,042
3,463
4,017
4,460
5,043
5,681
6,315
7,438
8,224
2,082
2,370
2,750
3,052
3,451
3,888
4,322
5,091
5,629
2.000
2.000
0.109
0.118
0.104
0.113
2.20
2.37
49,558
53,591
8,320
9,040
2,149
2,303
0.0572
0.0531
5,481
6,587
3,752
4,508
3,441
4,039
2,355
2,764
2,688
3,154
1,840
2,159

in
Grade 80
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Yield Elastic
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
15
in
in
lb/ft
lb
psi
ft-lb
ft*
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.120
0.129
0.140
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
2.50
2.67
2.87
3.07
3.41
3.63
3.89
56,699
60,660
65,446
70,170
78,188
83,569
89,673
9,600
10,320
11,200
12,080
13,600
14,640
15,840
2,420
2,566
2,739
2,905
3,176
3,352
3,544
0.0503
0.0471
0.0438
0.0410
0.0369
0.0346
0.0323
7,447
8,552
9,903
11,168
12,444
13,300
14,272
5,097
5,853
6,778
7,644
8,517
9,103
9,768
4,506
5,114
5,869
6,616
7,710
8,469
9,354
3,084
3,500
4,017
4,528
5,277
5,797
6,402
3,524
4,010
4,620
5,235
6,185
6,851
7,634
2,412
2,744
3,162
3,583
4,233
4,689
5,225
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.236
0.120
0.129
0.140
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.231
3.00
3.20
3.45
3.69
4.11
4.39
4.70
5.39
68,009
72,818
78,640
84,402
94,210
100,816
108,334
124,473
8,084
8,691
9,432
10,173
11,453
12,328
13,339
15,562
3,512
3,733
3,994
4,248
4,667
4,940
5,243
5,862
0.0419
0.0393
0.0365
0.0341
0.0306
0.0287
0.0267
0.0234
5,119
6,050
7,188
8,326
10,291
11,378
12,227
14,048
3,504
4,141
4,920
5,698
7,043
7,788
8,368
9,615
3,246
3,748
4,365
4,989
6,088
6,794
7,521
9,149
2,222
2,565
2,988
3,415
4,167
4,650
5,147
6,261
2,538
2,927
3,412
3,909
4,799
5,388
6,019
7,451
1,737
2,003
2,335
2,675
3,284
3,688
4,120
5,100
2.625
2.625
0.145
0.156
0.140
0.151
3.84
4.11
87,437
93,889
8,533
9,204
4,963
5,286
0.0328
0.0306
5,809
6,838
3,976
4,680
3,618
4,175
2,476
2,857
2,825
3,262
1,934
2,232

in
Grade 80
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Yield Elastic
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
in
in
lb/ft
lb
psi
ft-lb
ft*
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.236
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.231
4.57
4.89
5.25
6.02
104,891
112,315
120,774
138,988
10,362
11,154
12,069
14,080
5,821
6,172
6,562
7,367
0.0275
0.0257
0.0240
0.0209
8,617
9,833
11,158
12,841
5,897
6,730
7,637
8,789
5,150
5,829
6,608
8,060
3,525
3,990
4,523
5,516
4,038
4,588
5,228
6,490
2,764
3,140
3,578
4,442
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.236
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.231
4.53
5.04
5.39
5.79
6.64
103,377
115,573
123,813
133,215
153,502
8,403
9,461
10,184
11,019
12,856
6,438
7,103
7,542
8,031
9,047
0.0278
0.0250
0.0233
0.0217
0.0189
5,610
7,233
8,344
9,626
11,823
3,839
4,950
5,711
6,588
8,092
3,511
4,390
4,999
5,713
7,172
2,403
3,004
3,421
3,910
4,908
2,742
3,431
3,917
4,493
5,716
1,877
2,348
2,681
3,075
3,912
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.236
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.231
5.57
6.21
6.64
7.14
8.22
127,096
142,276
152,559
164,317
189,787
6,903
7,771
8,366
9,051
10,560
9,817
10,871
11,571
12,357
14,008
0.0226
0.0203
0.0189
0.0176
0.0153
3,422
4,639
5,552
6,604
8,921
2,342
3,175
3,800
4,520
6,105
2,305
2,987
3,479
4,048
5,319
1,578
2,044
2,381
2,771
3,640
1,818
2,339
2,718
3,162
4,174
1,244
1,601
1,860
2,164
2,857
4.500
4.500
0.204
0.224
0.199
0.219
9.35
10.22
215,111
235,629
7,076
7,787
21,316
23,144
0.0135
0.0123
3,595
4,663
2,460
3,191
2,414
3,000
1,652
2,053
1,905
2,349
1,304
1,608
16
in

Grade 80
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Yield Elastic
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
17
in
in
in
lb/ft
lb
psi
ft-lb
ft*
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
4.500
4.500
0.236
0.250
0.231
0.245
10.74
11.34
247,844
262,003
8,213
8,711
24,215
25,440
0.0117
0.0111
5,318
6,082
3,639
4,163
3,353
3,765
2,295
2,577
2,620
2,940
1,793
2,012
6.625
6.625
0.280
0.300
0.275
0.295
18.95
20.24
438,880
469,316
6,642
7,125
64,374
68,426
0.0066
0.0062
3,161
3,646
2,164
2,495
2,140
2,446
1,465
1,674
1,689
1,930
1,156
1,321

Grade 80
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Pressure
Yield
Torque
Elastic
Stretch
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
18
mm
mm
kg/m
kPa
N-m
m*
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
25.40
25.40
25.40
25.40
2.21
2.41
2.59
2.77
2.08
2.29
2.46
2.64
1.26
1.36
1.45
1.54
84,084
91,483
97,840
104,088
90,458
99,284
107,006
114,728
524
561
592
621
0.3273
0.3024
0.2838
0.2677
83,041
90,348
96,626
102,796
56,834
61,836
66,132
70,355
50,762
57,181
62,862
68,589
34,742
39,136
43,024
46,943
40,551
46,166
51,183
56,283
27,753
31,597
35,030
38,521
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
2.21
2.41
2.59
2.77
3.00
3.18
3.40
3.68
3.96
4.45
2.08
2.29
2.46
2.64
2.87
3.05
3.28
3.56
3.84
4.32
1.61
1.74
1.86
1.97
2.12
2.23
2.37
2.54
2.71
2.99
106,983
116,616
124,928
133,130
143,515
151,467
161,530
173,583
185,367
205,083
72,367
79,427
85,605
91,782
99,725
105,903
113,845
123,553
133,261
150,029
860
926
981
1,034
1,099
1,147
1,206
1,274
1,338
1,438
0.2569
0.2369
0.2220
0.2090
0.1946
0.1849
0.1738
0.1622
0.1523
0.1382
60,828
71,668
78,962
84,146
90,710
95,736
102,096
109,715
117,163
129,625
41,632
49,051
54,042
57,591
62,083
65,523
69,876
75,091
80,188
88,717
36,294
42,380
47,271
51,719
57,504
62,047
67,932
75,175
82,453
95,047
24,840
29,005
32,353
35,397
39,357
42,466
46,494
51,451
56,432
65,051
28,476
33,416
37,523
41,384
46,450
50,461
55,696
62,199
68,796
80,360
19,490
22,870
25,681
28,324
31,791
34,536
38,119
42,570
47,085
55,000
38.10
38.10
38.10
38.10
38.10
38.10
38.10
38.10
2.41
2.59
2.77
3.00
3.18
3.40
3.68
3.96
2.29
2.46
2.64
2.87
3.05
3.28
3.56
3.84
2.12
2.26
2.41
2.59
2.73
2.91
3.12
3.33
141,749
152,015
162,172
175,070
184,977
197,553
212,679
227,534
66,189
71,337
76,485
83,104
88,252
94,871
102,961
111,051
1,383
1,469
1,553
1,657
1,735
1,831
1,943
2,049
0.1948
0.1823
0.1715
0.1594
0.1512
0.1420
0.1323
0.1240
51,343
59,247
67,151
76,844
81,192
86,712
93,351
99,872
35,140
40,550
45,959
52,593
55,569
59,347
63,891
68,353
31,070
35,418
39,829
45,486
49,171
53,961
59,880
65,857
21,265
24,240
27,259
31,131
33,654
36,932
40,983
45,073
24,295
27,770
31,337
35,982
39,169
43,341
48,544
53,845
16,628
19,006
21,447
24,626
26,808
29,664
33,224
36,852

mm
Grade 80
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Pressure
Yield
Torque
Elastic
Stretch
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
mm
mm
kg/m
kPa
N-m
m*
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
38.10
4.45
4.32
3.68
252,556
125,024
2,219
0.1121
110,855
75,870
76,276
52,204
63,193
43,250
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
2.59
2.77
3.00
3.18
3.40
3.68
3.96
4.45
4.78
2.46
2.64
2.87
3.05
3.28
3.56
3.84
4.32
4.65
2.67
2.84
3.06
3.22
3.44
3.69
3.95
4.38
4.66
179,103
191,214
206,626
218,487
233,577
251,774
269,701
300,029
320,315
61,146
65,559
71,232
75,645
81,318
88,252
95,186
107,163
115,358
2,057
2,179
2,331
2,445
2,588
2,755
2,915
3,174
3,340
0.1546
0.1453
0.1350
0.1280
0.1200
0.1117
0.1045
0.0943
0.0885
43,600
50,375
59,086
65,861
74,572
81,192
86,973
96,753
103,295
29,841
34,477
40,439
45,076
51,038
55,569
59,526
66,219
70,697
26,862
30,542
35,328
39,104
44,032
49,171
54,190
62,978
69,058
18,385
20,903
24,179
26,763
30,136
33,654
37,088
43,103
47,264
20,976
23,876
27,699
30,748
34,769
39,169
43,542
51,286
56,702
14,356
16,341
18,957
21,045
23,796
26,808
29,801
35,101
38,808
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
2.77
3.00
3.18
3.40
3.68
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
2.64
2.87
3.05
3.28
3.56
3.84
4.32
4.65
5.03
3.27
3.53
3.72
3.97
4.27
4.57
5.07
5.41
5.79
220,257
238,181
251,998
269,601
290,870
311,868
347,502
371,418
398,545
57,364
62,328
66,189
71,153
77,221
83,288
93,768
100,938
109,212
2,911
3,120
3,278
3,476
3,710
3,934
4,303
4,541
4,801
0.1261
0.1171
0.1109
0.1040
0.0966
0.0904
0.0814
0.0763
0.0713
37,793
45,415
51,343
58,965
68,281
77,000
85,798
91,703
98,400
25,866
31,083
35,140
40,356
46,732
52,700
58,721
62,763
67,346
23,728
27,845
31,070
35,261
40,464
45,617
53,159
58,394
64,494
16,240
19,057
21,265
24,133
27,694
31,221
36,383
39,966
44,141
18,536
21,747
24,295
27,645
31,854
36,094
42,641
47,233
52,632
12,686
14,884
16,628
18,920
21,801
24,704
29,184
32,327
36,022
60.33
60.33
3.18
3.40
3.05
3.28
4.46
4.77
302,263
323,636
55,738
59,919
4,758
5,056
0.0924
0.0866
35,297
41,715
24,158
28,551
22,382
25,844
15,319
17,688
17,498
20,180
11,976
13,811
19
mm

Grade 80
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Pressure
Yield
Torque
Elastic
Stretch
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
20
mm
mm
kg/m
kPa
N-m
m*
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
60.33
60.33
60.33
60.33
60.33
60.33
3.68
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
5.99
3.56
3.84
4.32
4.65
5.03
5.87
5.13
5.50
6.11
6.53
7.00
8.01
349,513
375,119
418,711
448,073
481,483
553,215
65,028
70,137
78,962
85,001
91,968
107,296
5,411
5,754
6,322
6,692
7,102
7,941
0.0804
0.0751
0.0675
0.0632
0.0590
0.0515
49,560
57,405
70,955
78,451
84,301
96,860
33,920
39,289
48,562
53,693
57,697
66,292
30,097
34,399
41,975
46,839
51,854
63,076
20,599
23,543
28,729
32,057
35,489
43,170
23,524
26,952
33,086
37,150
41,501
51,373
16,100
18,447
22,644
25,426
28,404
35,160
66.68
66.68
66.68
66.68
66.68
66.68
3.68
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
5.99
3.56
3.84
4.32
4.65
5.03
5.87
5.71
6.11
6.81
7.27
7.81
8.95
388,608
417,286
466,184
499,176
536,775
617,723
58,835
63,458
71,442
76,905
83,209
97,077
6,724
7,160
7,885
8,361
8,889
9,980
0.0723
0.0675
0.0606
0.0567
0.0529
0.0461
40,051
47,149
59,408
67,797
76,933
88,535
27,412
32,269
40,660
46,401
52,654
60,594
24,946
28,786
35,507
40,192
45,561
55,568
17,073
19,701
24,301
27,508
31,182
38,032
19,480
22,487
27,842
31,632
36,046
44,750
13,333
15,391
19,056
21,649
24,670
30,627
73.03
73.03
73.03
73.03
73.03
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
5.99
3.84
4.32
4.65
5.03
5.87
6.73
7.50
8.02
8.61
9.89
459,453
513,657
550,280
592,067
682,230
57,939
65,230
70,218
75,974
88,636
8,720
9,622
10,216
10,879
12,255
0.0613
0.0550
0.0515
0.0479
0.0417
38,677
49,870
57,529
66,366
81,514
26,471
34,132
39,374
45,422
55,789
24,204
30,266
34,467
39,387
49,448
16,566
20,715
23,590
26,957
33,843
18,905
23,658
27,007
30,978
39,408
12,939
16,192
18,484
21,202
26,972
88.90
88.90
88.90
88.90
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
3.84
4.32
4.65
5.03
8.28
9.24
9.88
10.63
564,871
632,340
678,038
730,297
47,593
53,582
57,679
62,407
13,298
14,726
15,674
16,739
0.0498
0.0447
0.0417
0.0388
23,595
31,986
38,277
45,536
16,149
21,892
26,197
31,165
15,892
20,595
23,989
27,910
10,877
14,096
16,418
19,102
12,537
16,129
18,738
21,798
8,580
11,039
12,824
14,919

mm
Grade 80
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Pressure
Yield
Torque
Elastic
Stretch
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
mm
mm
kg/m
kPa
N-m
m*
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
88.90
5.99
5.87
12.23
843,498
72,808
18,976
0.0337
61,505
42,095
36,671
25,098
28,780
19,697
114.30
114.30
114.30
114.30
5.18
5.69
5.99
6.35
5.05
5.56
5.87
6.22
13.91
15.21
15.98
16.87
956,048
1,047,241
1,101,528
1,164,456
48,784
53,687
56,628
60,060
28,875
31,350
32,801
34,461
0.0297
0.0271
0.0258
0.0245
24,784
32,147
36,664
41,933
16,963
22,002
25,093
28,700
16,647
20,683
23,119
25,961
11,393
14,155
15,823
17,768
13,134
16,195
18,066
20,272
8,989
11,084
12,364
13,874
168.28
168.28
7.11
7.62
6.99
7.49
28.20
30.12
1,950,580
2,085,850
45,791
49,121
87,201
92,690
0.0146
0.0137
21,795
25,138
14,917
17,205
14,756
16,868
10,099
11,544
11,643
13,308
7,969
9,108
21
mm

Grade 90
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Yield Elastic
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
in
in
lb/ft
lb
psi
ft-lb
ft*
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.082
0.090
0.097
0.104
0.85
0.92
0.98
1.04
21,284
23,157
24,766
26,347
14,760
16,200
17,460
18,720
435
466
491
516
0.1484
0.1371
0.1287
0.1214
13,550
14,742
15,766
16,773
9,274
10,090
10,791
11,480
8,283
9,330
10,257
11,192
5,669
6,386
7,020
7,660
6,617
7,533
8,351
9,184
4,528
5,156
5,716
6,285
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.082
0.090
0.097
0.104
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.140
0.151
0.170
1.08
1.17
1.25
1.33
1.43
1.50
1.60
1.71
1.82
2.01
27,080
29,518
31,622
33,698
36,327
38,340
40,887
43,938
46,921
51,912
11,808
12,960
13,968
14,976
16,272
17,280
18,576
20,160
21,744
24,480
714
769
815
859
913
953
1,002
1,058
1,111
1,194
0.1165
0.1074
0.1007
0.0948
0.0883
0.0838
0.0788
0.0736
0.0691
0.0627
9,624
11,413
12,884
13,730
14,801
15,621
16,659
17,902
19,117
21,151
6,587
7,811
8,818
9,397
10,130
10,691
11,402
12,252
13,084
14,476
5,841
6,844
7,713
8,439
9,383
10,124
11,084
12,266
13,454
15,509
3,998
4,684
5,279
5,776
6,422
6,929
7,586
8,395
9,208
10,614
4,595
5,406
6,123
6,753
7,579
8,234
9,088
10,149
11,225
13,112
3,145
3,700
4,190
4,622
5,187
5,635
6,220
6,946
7,683
8,974
1.500
1.500
1.500
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.090
0.097
0.104
1.42
1.52
1.62
35,880
38,479
41,050
10,800
11,640
12,480
1,149
1,220
1,290
0.0883
0.0827
0.0778
8,059
9,363
10,668
5,515
6,408
7,301
4,978
5,696
6,424
3,407
3,899
4,396
3,907
4,479
5,065
2,674
3,065
3,466
22
in

Grade 90
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Yield Elastic
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
23
in
in
lb/ft
lb
psi
ft-lb
ft*
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.140
0.151
0.170
1.74
1.83
1.95
2.10
2.24
2.47
44,315
46,822
50,006
53,834
57,595
63,928
13,560
14,400
15,480
16,800
18,120
20,400
1,376
1,441
1,521
1,614
1,702
1,843
0.0723
0.0686
0.0644
0.0600
0.0562
0.0508
12,345
13,248
14,149
15,232
16,296
18,088
8,449
9,067
9,684
10,425
11,153
12,380
7,373
8,023
8,805
9,771
10,746
12,446
5,046
5,491
6,026
6,687
7,355
8,518
5,839
6,391
7,072
7,921
8,786
10,311
3,997
4,374
4,840
5,421
6,013
7,057
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
0.102
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.097
0.104
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.140
0.151
0.170
0.183
1.79
1.91
2.05
2.17
2.31
2.48
2.65
2.94
3.13
45,335
48,401
52,302
55,305
59,124
63,730
68,268
75,945
81,080
9,977
10,697
11,623
12,343
13,269
14,400
15,531
17,486
18,823
1,709
1,810
1,936
2,031
2,149
2,288
2,421
2,636
2,774
0.0701
0.0659
0.0612
0.0580
0.0544
0.0507
0.0474
0.0428
0.0401
6,781
7,899
9,337
10,455
11,892
13,248
14,191
15,787
16,855
4,641
5,406
6,390
7,155
8,139
9,067
9,713
10,805
11,535
4,280
4,891
5,682
6,304
7,115
8,023
8,842
10,276
11,268
2,929
3,347
3,889
4,315
4,870
5,491
6,052
7,033
7,712
3,359
3,838
4,467
4,968
5,628
6,391
7,105
8,368
9,252
2,299
2,626
3,057
3,400
3,852
4,374
4,863
5,727
6,332
2.000
2.000
0.109
0.118
0.104
0.113
2.20
2.37
55,752
60,290
9,360
10,170
2,418
2,591
0.0572
0.0531
5,822
7,080
3,985
4,846
3,758
4,443
2,572
3,041
2,954
3,486
2,022
2,386

in
Grade 90
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Yield Elastic
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
24
in
in
lb/ft
lb
psi
ft-lb
ft*
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.120
0.129
0.140
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
2.50
2.67
2.87
3.07
3.41
3.63
3.89
63,787
68,243
73,626
78,942
87,961
94,015
100,882
10,800
11,610
12,600
13,590
15,300
16,470
17,820
2,723
2,887
3,081
3,268
3,573
3,771
3,987
0.0503
0.0471
0.0438
0.0410
0.0369
0.0346
0.0323
8,059
9,317
10,854
12,392
14,000
14,963
16,056
5,515
6,376
7,429
8,481
9,581
10,241
10,989
4,978
5,671
6,528
7,400
8,674
9,528
10,523
3,407
3,881
4,468
5,065
5,937
6,521
7,202
3,907
4,458
5,150
5,861
6,958
7,707
8,588
2,674
3,051
3,524
4,012
4,762
5,275
5,878
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.236
0.120
0.129
0.140
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.231
3.00
3.20
3.45
3.69
4.11
4.39
4.70
5.39
76,510
81,920
88,470
94,952
105,986
113,419
121,875
140,033
9,095
9,777
10,611
11,444
12,884
13,869
15,006
17,507
3,952
4,199
4,493
4,779
5,250
5,558
5,898
6,595
0.0419
0.0393
0.0365
0.0341
0.0306
0.0287
0.0267
0.0234
5,410
6,470
7,764
9,059
11,295
12,801
13,755
15,805
3,703
4,428
5,314
6,200
7,731
8,761
9,414
10,817
3,533
4,111
4,817
5,528
6,777
7,643
8,461
10,292
2,418
2,813
3,297
3,784
4,638
5,231
5,791
7,044
2,781
3,227
3,779
4,344
5,352
6,062
6,772
8,382
1,904
2,208
2,587
2,973
3,663
4,149
4,635
5,737
2.625
2.625
0.145
0.156
0.140
0.151
3.84
4.11
98,366
105,626
9,600
10,354
5,584
5,946
0.0328
0.0306
6,195
7,366
4,240
5,042
3,961
4,600
2,711
3,148
3,111
3,608
2,129
2,470

in
Grade 90
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Yield Elastic
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
25
in
in
lb/ft
lb
psi
ft-lb
ft*
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.236
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.231
4.57
4.89
5.25
6.02
118,003
126,354
135,871
156,361
11,657
12,549
13,577
15,840
6,548
6,943
7,383
8,288
0.0275
0.0257
0.0240
0.0209
9,390
10,774
12,372
14,446
6,426
7,374
8,467
9,887
5,711
6,483
7,389
9,067
3,909
4,437
5,057
6,206
4,491
5,113
5,852
7,302
3,073
3,500
4,005
4,997
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.236
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.231
4.53
5.04
5.39
5.79
6.64
116,299
130,020
139,290
149,867
172,689
9,454
10,643
11,457
12,397
14,463
7,242
7,991
8,484
9,035
10,178
0.0278
0.0250
0.0233
0.0217
0.0189
5,968
7,815
9,080
10,538
13,301
4,085
5,349
6,214
7,212
9,103
3,838
4,845
5,540
6,351
8,068
2,626
3,316
3,791
4,347
5,522
3,015
3,802
4,353
5,006
6,430
2,064
2,602
2,979
3,426
4,401
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.236
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.231
5.57
6.21
6.64
7.14
8.22
142,983
160,061
171,628
184,856
213,511
7,766
8,743
9,411
10,183
11,880
11,044
12,230
13,017
13,902
15,759
0.0226
0.0203
0.0189
0.0176
0.0153
3,637
4,864
5,902
7,100
9,736
2,489
3,329
4,039
4,859
6,663
2,507
3,233
3,802
4,454
5,903
1,716
2,213
2,602
3,049
4,040
1,992
2,553
2,988
3,495
4,645
1,363
1,747
2,045
2,392
3,179
4.500
4.500
0.204
0.224
0.199
0.219
9.35
10.22
242,000
265,083
7,960
8,760
23,981
26,037
0.0135
0.0123
3,833
4,890
2,623
3,347
2,632
3,248
1,801
2,223
2,090
2,564
1,431
1,755

in
Grade 90
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Yield Elastic
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
26
in
in
in
lb/ft
lb
psi
ft-lb
ft*
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
4.500
4.500
0.236
0.250
0.231
0.245
10.74
11.34
278,824
294,753
9,240
9,800
27,241
28,620
0.0117
0.0111
5,636
6,506
3,857
4,452
3,656
4,130
2,502
2,827
2,876
3,242
1,968
2,219
6.625
6.625
0.280
0.300
0.275
0.295
18.95
20.24
493,741
527,981
7,472
8,015
72,421
76,979
0.0066
0.0062
3,340
3,888
2,286
2,661
2,318
2,667
1,587
1,825
1,844
2,118
1,262
1,450

Grade 90
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Pressure
Yield
Torque
Elastic
Stretch
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
27
mm
mm
kg/m
kPa
N-m
m*
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
25.40
25.40
25.40
25.40
2.21
2.41
2.59
2.77
2.08
2.29
2.46
2.64
1.26
1.36
1.45
1.54
94,595
102,919
110,070
117,098
101,766
111,694
120,381
129,069
589
631
666
698
0.3273
0.3024
0.2838
0.2677
93,421
101,642
108,704
115,646
63,939
69,565
74,399
79,149
57,107
64,329
70,720
77,162
39,085
44,028
48,402
52,811
45,619
51,937
57,581
63,318
31,223
35,546
39,409
43,336
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
2.21
2.41
2.59
2.77
3.00
3.18
3.40
3.68
3.96
4.45
2.08
2.29
2.46
2.64
2.87
3.05
3.28
3.56
3.84
4.32
1.61
1.74
1.86
1.97
2.12
2.23
2.37
2.54
2.71
2.99
120,356
131,193
140,544
149,771
161,454
170,400
181,721
195,281
208,538
230,719
81,413
89,355
96,305
103,255
112,191
119,140
128,076
138,997
149,918
168,782
968
1,042
1,104
1,163
1,236
1,291
1,357
1,434
1,505
1,617
0.2569
0.2369
0.2220
0.2090
0.1946
0.1849
0.1738
0.1622
0.1523
0.1382
66,355
78,690
88,832
94,664
102,049
107,703
114,859
123,429
131,808
145,828
45,414
53,857
60,798
64,790
69,843
73,713
78,611
84,477
90,211
99,807
40,273
47,184
53,180
58,184
64,693
69,803
76,424
84,572
92,759
106,928
27,563
32,294
36,397
39,822
44,276
47,774
52,305
57,882
63,486
73,183
31,680
37,273
42,213
46,557
52,257
56,768
62,658
69,974
77,396
90,405
21,682
25,510
28,891
31,864
35,765
38,853
42,884
47,891
52,971
61,875
38.10
38.10
38.10
2.41
2.59
2.77
2.29
2.46
2.64
2.12
2.26
2.41
159,467
171,017
182,444
74,463
80,254
86,046
1,556
1,653
1,747
0.1948
0.1823
0.1715
55,561
64,556
73,551
38,027
44,183
50,339
34,322
39,275
44,289
23,491
26,881
30,312
26,935
30,880
34,920
18,435
21,134
23,900

mm
Grade 90
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Pressure
Yield
Torque
Elastic
Stretch
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
28
mm
mm
kg/m
kPa
N-m
m*
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
38.10
38.10
38.10
38.10
38.10
38.10
3.00
3.18
3.40
3.68
3.96
4.45
2.87
3.05
3.28
3.56
3.84
4.32
2.59
2.73
2.91
3.12
3.33
3.68
196,954
208,099
222,248
239,264
255,976
284,126
93,492
99,284
106,730
115,831
124,932
140,652
1,864
1,952
2,060
2,186
2,305
2,497
0.1594
0.1512
0.1420
0.1323
0.1240
0.1121
85,115
91,341
97,551
105,020
112,355
124,711
58,254
62,515
66,765
71,877
76,898
85,354
50,838
55,318
60,706
67,365
74,089
85,810
34,794
37,860
41,548
46,105
50,707
58,730
40,261
44,065
48,759
54,612
60,575
71,092
27,555
30,159
33,371
37,377
41,458
48,656
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
2.59
2.77
3.00
3.18
3.40
3.68
3.96
4.45
4.78
2.46
2.64
2.87
3.05
3.28
3.56
3.84
4.32
4.65
2.67
2.84
3.06
3.22
3.44
3.69
3.95
4.38
4.66
201,490
215,116
232,454
245,798
262,774
283,246
303,414
337,533
360,355
68,789
73,754
80,136
85,100
91,483
99,284
107,085
120,559
129,778
2,314
2,451
2,622
2,751
2,911
3,099
3,279
3,571
3,757
0.1546
0.1453
0.1350
0.1280
0.1200
0.1117
0.1045
0.0943
0.0885
46,750
54,460
64,372
72,082
81,995
91,341
97,845
108,847
116,207
31,997
37,273
44,057
49,334
56,118
62,515
66,966
74,497
79,534
29,511
33,719
39,174
43,466
49,058
55,318
60,964
70,851
77,690
20,198
23,078
26,811
29,748
33,576
37,860
41,725
48,491
53,172
23,157
26,459
30,798
34,254
38,803
44,065
48,985
57,697
63,790
15,849
18,109
21,079
23,444
26,558
30,159
33,526
39,489
43,659
50.80
50.80
2.77
3.00
2.64
2.87
3.27
3.53
247,789
267,954
64,534
70,119
3,275
3,510
0.1261
0.1171
40,142
48,815
27,474
33,410
25,910
30,636
17,734
20,968
20,368
24,036
13,940
16,450

mm
Grade 90
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Pressure
Yield
Torque
Elastic
Stretch
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
29
mm
mm
kg/m
kPa
N-m
m*
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
3.18
3.40
3.68
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
3.05
3.28
3.56
3.84
4.32
4.65
5.03
3.72
3.97
4.27
4.57
5.07
5.41
5.79
283,497
303,301
327,228
350,852
390,940
417,846
448,363
74,463
80,047
86,873
93,699
105,489
113,556
122,864
3,688
3,911
4,173
4,426
4,841
5,108
5,401
0.1109
0.1040
0.0966
0.0904
0.0814
0.0763
0.0713
55,561
64,235
74,836
85,436
96,522
103,165
110,700
38,027
43,963
51,219
58,474
66,061
70,608
75,765
34,322
39,098
45,010
51,021
59,804
65,693
72,556
23,491
26,759
30,806
34,920
40,931
44,961
49,658
26,935
30,737
35,505
40,411
47,971
53,138
59,211
18,435
21,037
24,300
27,658
32,832
36,368
40,525
60.33
60.33
60.33
60.33
60.33
60.33
60.33
60.33
3.18
3.40
3.68
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
5.99
3.05
3.28
3.56
3.84
4.32
4.65
5.03
5.87
4.46
4.77
5.13
5.50
6.11
6.53
7.00
8.01
340,046
364,090
393,202
422,009
471,050
504,082
541,668
622,367
62,705
67,408
73,156
78,904
88,833
95,626
103,464
120,708
5,353
5,688
6,087
6,473
7,112
7,529
7,990
8,934
0.0924
0.0866
0.0804
0.0751
0.0675
0.0632
0.0590
0.0515
37,302
44,606
53,533
62,460
77,879
88,258
94,838
108,968
25,530
30,529
36,638
42,748
53,301
60,405
64,909
74,579
24,359
28,343
33,212
38,116
46,726
52,694
58,335
70,961
16,672
19,398
22,731
26,087
31,980
36,065
39,926
48,567
19,177
22,248
26,058
29,952
36,900
41,793
46,689
57,795
13,125
15,227
17,835
20,500
25,255
28,604
31,955
39,556
66.68
66.68
3.68
3.96
3.56
3.84
5.71
6.11
437,184
469,447
66,189
71,390
7,564
8,055
0.0723
0.0675
42,712
50,789
29,233
34,761
27,311
31,713
18,692
21,705
21,449
24,879
14,680
17,028

mm
Grade 90
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Pressure
Yield
Torque
Elastic
Stretch
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
mm
mm
kg/m
kPa
N-m
m*
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
66.68
66.68
66.68
66.68
4.45
4.78
5.16
5.99
4.32
4.65
5.03
5.87
6.81
7.27
7.81
8.95
524,457
561,574
603,872
694,938
80,373
86,519
93,610
109,212
8,870
9,406
10,000
11,227
0.0606
0.0567
0.0529
0.0461
64,740
74,285
85,299
99,601
44,309
50,842
58,380
68,169
39,377
44,701
50,943
62,515
26,950
30,594
34,866
42,786
30,961
35,254
40,347
50,343
21,190
24,129
27,614
34,456
73.03
73.03
73.03
73.03
73.03
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
5.99
3.84
4.32
4.65
5.03
5.87
6.73
7.50
8.02
8.61
9.89
516,885
577,865
619,065
666,075
767,509
65,182
73,384
78,995
85,470
99,715
9,810
10,825
11,493
12,239
13,787
0.0613
0.0550
0.0515
0.0479
0.0417
41,148
53,885
62,601
72,657
91,703
28,162
36,880
42,845
49,727
62,763
26,459
33,405
38,194
43,787
55,628
18,109
22,863
26,140
29,969
38,073
20,790
26,211
30,014
34,514
44,334
14,229
17,939
20,542
23,622
30,343
88.90
88.90
88.90
88.90
88.90
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
5.99
3.84
4.32
4.65
5.03
5.87
8.28
9.24
9.88
10.63
12.23
635,480
711,382
762,793
821,584
948,936
53,542
60,279
64,889
70,208
81,909
14,960
16,567
17,633
18,831
21,347
0.0498
0.0447
0.0417
0.0388
0.0337
25,076
33,534
40,693
48,953
67,126
17,162
22,951
27,851
33,504
45,942
17,283
22,291
26,211
30,712
40,701
11,829
15,256
17,939
21,019
27,856
13,733
17,600
20,599
24,094
32,024
9,399
12,046
14,098
16,491
21,918
114.30
114.30
5.18
5.69
5.05
5.56
13.91
15.21
1,075,554
1,178,146
54,882
60,398
32,484
35,269
0.0297
0.0271
26,427
33,717
18,087
23,077
18,145
22,392
12,418
15,325
14,412
17,677
9,864
12,098
30
mm

Grade 90
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Pressure
Yield
Torque
Elastic
Stretch
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
31
mm
mm
mm
kg/m
kPa
N-m
m*
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
114.30
114.30
5.99
6.35
5.87
6.22
15.98
16.87
1,239,219
1,310,013
63,707
67,568
36,901
38,769
0.0258
0.0245
38,857
44,854
26,594
30,698
25,209
28,478
17,253
19,491
19,828
22,353
13,571
15,299
168.28
168.28
7.11
7.62
6.99
7.49
28.20
30.12
2,194,402
2,346,581
51,515
55,262
98,102
104,276
0.0146
0.0137
23,031
26,810
15,763
18,349
15,985
18,390
10,940
12,586
12,715
14,605
8,702
9,996

Grade 100
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Yield Elastic
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
in
in
lb/ft
lb
psi
ft-lb
ft*
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.082
0.090
0.097
0.104
0.85
0.92
0.98
1.04
23,649
25,730
27,518
29,275
16,400
18,000
19,400
20,800
483
518
546
573
0.1484
0.1371
0.1287
0.1214
15,055
16,380
17,518
18,637
10,304
11,211
11,990
12,755
9,203
10,367
11,397
12,435
6,299
7,095
7,800
8,511
7,352
8,370
9,279
10,204
5,032
5,728
6,351
6,984
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.082
0.090
0.097
0.104
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.140
0.151
0.170
1.08
1.17
1.25
1.33
1.43
1.50
1.60
1.71
1.82
2.01
30,089
32,798
35,136
37,443
40,363
42,600
45,430
48,820
52,134
57,680
13,120
14,400
15,520
16,640
18,080
19,200
20,640
22,400
24,160
27,200
794
854
905
954
1,014
1,059
1,113
1,176
1,235
1,327
0.1165
0.1074
0.1007
0.0948
0.0883
0.0838
0.0788
0.0736
0.0691
0.0627
10,380
12,392
14,152
15,256
16,446
17,357
18,510
19,891
21,241
23,501
7,104
8,481
9,686
10,441
11,256
11,879
12,668
13,614
14,538
16,084
6,402
7,527
8,528
9,377
10,425
11,249
12,316
13,629
14,949
17,232
4,382
5,152
5,837
6,417
7,135
7,699
8,429
9,328
10,231
11,794
5,049
5,957
6,775
7,503
8,421
9,148
10,098
11,277
12,473
14,569
3,456
4,077
4,637
5,135
5,764
6,261
6,911
7,718
8,536
9,971
1.500
1.500
1.500
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.090
0.097
0.104
1.42
1.52
1.62
39,867
42,754
45,611
12,000
12,933
13,867
1,276
1,356
1,433
0.0883
0.0827
0.0778
8,620
10,087
11,553
5,900
6,904
7,907
5,430
6,239
7,056
3,716
4,270
4,829
4,277
4,919
5,575
2,927
3,367
3,816
32
in

Grade 100
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Yield Elastic
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
33
in
in
lb/ft
lb
psi
ft-lb
ft*
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.140
0.151
0.170
1.74
1.83
1.95
2.10
2.24
2.47
49,238
52,025
55,562
59,816
63,994
71,031
15,067
16,000
17,200
18,667
20,133
22,667
1,529
1,601
1,690
1,793
1,891
2,048
0.0723
0.0686
0.0644
0.0600
0.0562
0.0508
13,439
14,720
15,721
16,924
18,107
20,098
9,198
10,075
10,760
11,583
12,392
13,755
8,121
8,915
9,783
10,856
11,940
13,829
5,558
6,101
6,696
7,430
8,172
9,465
6,441
7,101
7,858
8,801
9,762
11,457
4,409
4,860
5,378
6,023
6,681
7,841
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
0.102
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.097
0.104
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.140
0.151
0.170
0.183
1.79
1.91
2.05
2.17
2.31
2.48
2.65
2.94
3.13
50,373
53,779
58,113
61,450
65,694
70,811
75,853
84,383
90,089
11,086
11,886
12,914
13,714
14,743
16,000
17,257
19,429
20,914
1,898
2,011
2,151
2,256
2,388
2,542
2,690
2,929
3,082
0.0701
0.0659
0.0612
0.0580
0.0544
0.0507
0.0474
0.0428
0.0401
7,183
8,440
10,057
11,314
12,930
14,720
15,768
17,541
18,727
4,916
5,777
6,883
7,743
8,850
10,075
10,792
12,005
12,817
4,641
5,331
6,223
6,922
7,832
8,915
9,825
11,418
12,520
3,176
3,649
4,259
4,738
5,360
6,101
6,724
7,815
8,569
3,660
4,199
4,906
5,467
6,205
7,101
7,894
9,298
10,280
2,505
2,874
3,358
3,742
4,247
4,860
5,403
6,364
7,036
2.000
2.000
0.109
0.118
0.104
0.113
2.20
2.37
61,947
66,988
10,400
11,300
2,686
2,879
0.0572
0.0531
6,106
7,520
4,179
5,147
4,047
4,826
2,770
3,303
3,202
3,804
2,191
2,603

in
Grade 100
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Yield Elastic
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
34
in
in
lb/ft
lb
psi
ft-lb
ft*
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.120
0.129
0.140
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
2.50
2.67
2.87
3.07
3.41
3.63
3.89
70,874
75,825
81,807
87,713
97,735
104,461
112,091
12,000
12,900
14,000
15,100
17,000
18,300
19,800
3,025
3,208
3,423
3,631
3,970
4,190
4,430
0.0503
0.0471
0.0438
0.0410
0.0369
0.0346
0.0323
8,620
10,034
11,763
13,492
15,555
16,626
17,840
5,900
6,868
8,051
9,234
10,646
11,379
12,210
5,430
6,210
7,174
8,151
9,638
10,587
11,693
3,716
4,250
4,910
5,579
6,596
7,246
8,003
4,277
4,896
5,670
6,466
7,731
8,563
9,542
2,927
3,351
3,881
4,425
5,291
5,861
6,531
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.236
0.120
0.129
0.140
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.231
3.00
3.20
3.45
3.69
4.11
4.39
4.70
5.39
85,011
91,023
98,300
105,502
117,763
126,021
135,417
155,592
10,105
10,863
11,789
12,716
14,316
15,411
16,674
19,453
4,391
4,666
4,993
5,310
5,833
6,175
6,554
7,328
0.0419
0.0393
0.0365
0.0341
0.0306
0.0287
0.0267
0.0234
5,643
6,834
8,289
9,745
12,259
13,979
15,284
17,561
3,862
4,677
5,673
6,670
8,390
9,568
10,460
12,019
3,790
4,448
5,248
6,050
7,453
8,430
9,401
11,436
2,594
3,044
3,592
4,141
5,101
5,769
6,434
7,827
3,006
3,511
4,134
4,768
5,896
6,694
7,524
9,314
2,057
2,403
2,829
3,263
4,036
4,582
5,150
6,375
2.625
2.625
0.145
0.156
0.140
0.151
3.84
4.11
109,296
117,362
10,667
11,505
6,204
6,607
0.0328
0.0306
6,525
7,842
4,466
5,367
4,278
5,002
2,928
3,424
3,380
3,941
2,313
2,698

in
Grade 100
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Yield Elastic
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
35
in
in
lb/ft
lb
psi
ft-lb
ft*
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.236
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.231
4.57
4.89
5.25
6.02
131,114
140,393
150,968
173,734
12,952
13,943
15,086
17,600
7,276
7,715
8,203
9,209
0.0275
0.0257
0.0240
0.0209
10,117
11,673
13,469
16,051
6,924
7,989
9,218
10,986
6,256
7,123
8,138
10,074
4,282
4,875
5,570
6,895
4,932
5,630
6,455
8,113
3,376
3,853
4,418
5,553
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.236
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.231
4.53
5.04
5.39
5.79
6.64
129,221
144,466
154,766
166,519
191,877
10,504
11,826
12,730
13,774
16,070
8,047
8,879
9,427
10,039
11,308
0.0278
0.0250
0.0233
0.0217
0.0189
6,270
8,347
9,768
11,408
14,778
4,291
5,713
6,685
7,808
10,115
4,138
5,280
6,063
6,975
8,965
2,832
3,613
4,149
4,773
6,136
3,271
4,159
4,778
5,509
7,145
2,239
2,846
3,270
3,771
4,890
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.236
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.231
5.57
6.21
6.64
7.14
8.22
158,870
177,846
190,698
205,396
237,234
8,629
9,714
10,457
11,314
13,200
12,271
13,589
14,464
15,446
17,510
0.0226
0.0203
0.0189
0.0176
0.0153
3,814
5,028
6,196
7,543
10,506
2,611
3,441
4,240
5,162
7,190
2,688
3,446
4,097
4,838
6,472
1,840
2,359
2,804
3,311
4,429
2,152
2,745
3,240
3,813
5,105
1,473
1,878
2,218
2,610
3,494
4.500
4.500
0.204
0.224
0.199
0.219
9.35
10.22
268,889
294,537
8,844
9,733
26,645
28,930
0.0135
0.0123
4,035
5,058
2,761
3,462
2,829
3,463
1,936
2,370
2,263
2,757
1,549
1,887

in
Grade 100
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Yield Elastic
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
36
in
in
in
lb/ft
lb
psi
ft-lb
ft*
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
4.500
4.500
0.236
0.250
0.231
0.245
10.74
11.34
309,805
327,503
10,267
10,889
30,268
31,800
0.0117
0.0111
5,896
6,874
4,035
4,705
3,931
4,471
2,690
3,060
3,113
3,528
2,131
2,415
6.625
6.625
0.280
0.300
0.275
0.295
18.95
20.24
548,601
586,645
8,302
8,906
80,468
85,532
0.0066
0.0062
3,481
4,097
2,382
2,804
2,475
2,869
1,694
1,964
1,985
2,294
1,359
1,570

Grade 100
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Press.
Yield
Torque
Elastic
Stretch
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
37
mm
mm
kg/m
kPa
N-m
m*
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
25.40
25.40
25.40
25.40
2.21
2.41
2.59
2.77
2.08
2.29
2.46
2.64
1.26
1.36
1.45
1.54
105,105
114,354
122,300
130,109
113,073
124,105
133,757
143,410
655
701
740
776
0.3273
0.3024
0.2838
0.2677
103,801
112,935
120,783
128,495
71,043
77,294
82,665
87,944
63,452
71,477
78,577
85,736
43,428
48,920
53,779
58,679
50,688
57,708
63,979
70,353
34,692
39,496
43,788
48,151
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
2.21
2.41
2.59
2.77
3.00
3.18
3.40
3.68
3.96
4.45
2.08
2.29
2.46
2.64
2.87
3.05
3.28
3.56
3.84
4.32
1.61
1.74
1.86
1.97
2.12
2.23
2.37
2.54
2.71
2.99
133,729
145,770
156,159
166,412
179,393
189,333
201,912
216,979
231,709
256,354
90,458
99,284
107,006
114,728
124,656
132,378
142,307
154,441
166,576
187,536
1,075
1,157
1,226
1,292
1,374
1,434
1,508
1,593
1,672
1,797
0.2569
0.2369
0.2220
0.2090
0.1946
0.1849
0.1738
0.1622
0.1523
0.1382
71,568
85,436
97,571
105,182
113,387
119,670
127,621
137,144
146,454
162,031
48,982
58,473
66,779
71,988
77,604
81,904
87,345
93,863
100,235
110,896
44,139
51,899
58,800
64,649
71,881
77,559
84,915
93,969
103,066
118,809
30,210
35,520
40,244
44,247
49,196
53,083
58,117
64,313
70,540
81,314
34,812
41,072
46,713
51,730
58,063
63,076
69,620
77,748
85,995
100,450
23,826
28,110
31,971
35,405
39,739
43,170
47,649
53,212
58,856
68,750
38.10
38.10
38.10
2.41
2.59
2.77
2.29
2.46
2.64
2.12
2.26
2.41
177,186
190,019
202,715
82,736
89,171
95,607
1,729
1,837
1,942
0.1948
0.1823
0.1715
59,433
69,545
79,657
40,677
47,598
54,519
37,438
43,018
48,650
25,623
29,442
33,297
29,489
33,915
38,440
20,182
23,212
26,309

mm
Grade 100
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Press.
Yield
Torque
Elastic
Stretch
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
38
mm
mm
kg/m
kPa
N-m
m*
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
38.10
38.10
38.10
38.10
38.10
38.10
3.00
3.18
3.40
3.68
3.96
4.45
2.87
3.05
3.28
3.56
3.84
4.32
2.59
2.73
2.91
3.12
3.33
3.68
218,838
231,221
246,942
265,849
284,417
315,695
103,880
110,315
118,589
128,701
138,813
156,280
2,071
2,168
2,289
2,429
2,561
2,774
0.1594
0.1512
0.1420
0.1323
0.1240
0.1121
92,659
101,490
108,390
116,689
124,839
138,568
63,417
69,461
74,184
79,864
85,442
94,838
55,993
61,464
67,451
74,850
82,321
95,345
38,322
42,067
46,164
51,228
56,341
65,255
44,412
48,961
54,177
60,680
67,306
78,991
30,396
33,510
37,079
41,530
46,065
54,063
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
2.59
2.77
3.00
3.18
3.40
3.68
3.96
4.45
4.78
2.46
2.64
2.87
3.05
3.28
3.56
3.84
4.32
4.65
2.67
2.84
3.06
3.22
3.44
3.69
3.95
4.38
4.66
223,878
239,018
258,282
273,109
291,971
314,718
337,126
375,036
400,394
76,433
81,948
89,040
94,556
101,648
110,315
118,983
133,954
144,198
2,572
2,724
2,913
3,056
3,234
3,443
3,643
3,968
4,175
0.1546
0.1453
0.1350
0.1280
0.1200
0.1117
0.1045
0.0943
0.0885
49,527
58,195
69,339
78,006
89,151
101,490
108,716
120,941
129,119
33,897
39,829
47,456
53,389
61,016
69,461
74,407
82,774
88,371
31,996
36,757
42,903
47,726
54,000
61,464
67,738
78,723
86,322
21,898
25,157
29,364
32,665
36,958
42,067
46,361
53,879
59,080
25,233
28,953
33,824
37,694
42,783
48,961
54,428
64,108
70,878
17,270
19,816
23,150
25,798
29,281
33,510
37,251
43,876
48,510
50.80
50.80
2.77
3.00
2.64
2.87
3.27
3.53
275,321
297,727
71,705
77,910
3,639
3,900
0.1261
0.1171
42,098
51,849
28,812
35,486
27,902
33,271
19,096
22,771
22,077
26,225
15,110
17,948

mm
Grade 100
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Press.
Yield
Torque
Elastic
Stretch
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
39
mm
mm
kg/m
kPa
N-m
m*
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
3.18
3.40
3.68
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
3.05
3.28
3.56
3.84
4.32
4.65
5.03
3.72
3.97
4.27
4.57
5.07
5.41
5.79
314,997
337,001
363,587
389,835
434,378
464,273
498,181
82,736
88,942
96,526
104,110
117,210
126,173
136,515
4,098
4,345
4,637
4,918
5,378
5,676
6,002
0.1109
0.1040
0.0966
0.0904
0.0814
0.0763
0.0713
59,433
69,184
81,102
93,020
107,247
114,628
123,000
40,677
47,350
55,507
63,664
73,401
78,453
84,183
37,438
42,818
49,460
56,199
66,449
72,993
80,617
25,623
29,305
33,851
38,463
45,478
49,957
55,176
29,489
33,756
39,095
44,580
53,301
59,042
65,790
20,182
23,103
26,757
30,511
36,480
40,409
45,028
60.33
60.33
60.33
60.33
60.33
60.33
60.33
60.33
3.18
3.40
3.68
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
5.99
3.05
3.28
3.56
3.84
4.32
4.65
5.03
5.87
4.46
4.77
5.13
5.50
6.11
6.53
7.00
8.01
377,829
404,545
436,891
468,899
523,389
560,092
601,854
691,519
69,673
74,898
81,285
87,672
98,703
106,251
114,960
134,120
5,948
6,320
6,763
7,192
7,902
8,365
8,878
9,926
0.0924
0.0866
0.0804
0.0751
0.0675
0.0632
0.0590
0.0515
38,904
47,116
57,152
67,188
84,523
96,384
105,376
121,075
26,627
32,247
39,116
45,984
57,849
65,967
72,121
82,866
26,130
30,670
36,184
41,713
51,384
58,121
64,817
78,846
17,884
20,991
24,765
28,549
35,168
39,779
44,362
53,963
20,723
24,206
28,502
32,875
40,654
46,155
51,877
64,216
14,183
16,567
19,507
22,500
27,824
31,589
35,505
43,951
66.68
66.68
3.68
3.96
3.56
3.84
5.71
6.11
485,760
521,608
73,543
79,322
8,404
8,950
0.0723
0.0675
44,987
54,067
30,790
37,004
29,497
34,489
20,188
23,605
23,302
27,175
15,948
18,599

mm
Grade 100
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Press.
Yield
Torque
Elastic
Stretch
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
mm
mm
kg/m
kPa
N-m
m*
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
66.68
66.68
66.68
66.68
4.45
4.78
5.16
5.99
4.32
4.65
5.03
5.87
6.81
7.27
7.81
8.95
582,731
623,971
670,969
772,153
89,303
96,132
104,011
121,347
9,856
10,451
11,112
12,475
0.0606
0.0567
0.0529
0.0461
69,751
80,483
92,865
110,668
47,739
55,084
63,558
75,743
43,132
49,113
56,111
69,461
29,520
33,614
38,403
47,540
34,007
38,814
44,508
55,937
23,275
26,565
30,462
38,284
73.03
73.03
73.03
73.03
73.03
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
5.99
3.84
4.32
4.65
5.03
5.87
6.73
7.50
8.02
8.61
9.89
574,317
642,072
687,850
740,084
852,787
72,424
81,537
87,773
94,967
110,795
10,900
12,028
12,770
13,599
15,318
0.0613
0.0550
0.0515
0.0479
0.0417
43,228
57,549
67,347
78,652
101,893
29,586
39,387
46,093
53,831
69,737
28,527
36,402
41,801
48,088
61,809
19,524
24,914
28,609
32,912
42,303
22,556
28,674
32,945
37,986
49,260
15,438
19,625
22,548
25,998
33,715
88.90
88.90
88.90
88.90
88.90
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
5.99
3.84
4.32
4.65
5.03
5.87
8.28
9.24
9.88
10.63
12.23
706,089
790,425
847,547
912,871
1,054,373
59,491
66,977
72,099
78,009
91,010
16,622
18,408
19,593
20,924
23,719
0.0498
0.0447
0.0417
0.0388
0.0337
26,299
34,668
42,717
52,003
72,434
17,999
23,727
29,236
35,592
49,575
18,533
23,759
28,244
33,356
44,621
12,684
16,261
19,331
22,829
30,539
14,836
18,924
22,339
26,291
35,198
10,154
12,952
15,289
17,994
24,090
114.30
114.30
5.18
5.69
5.05
5.56
13.91
15.21
1,195,060
1,309,051
60,980
67,108
36,094
39,188
0.0297
0.0271
27,817
34,875
19,039
23,869
19,507
23,876
13,351
16,341
15,601
19,012
10,678
13,012
40
mm

Grade 100
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Press.
Yield
Torque
Elastic
Stretch
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
41
mm
mm
mm
kg/m
kPa
N-m
m*
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
114.30
114.30
5.99
6.35
5.87
6.22
15.98
16.87
1,376,910
1,455,570
70,786
75,076
41,001
43,077
0.0258
0.0245
40,653
47,394
27,823
32,437
27,102
30,823
18,549
21,096
21,464
24,325
14,690
16,648
168.28
168.28
7.11
7.62
6.99
7.49
28.20
30.12
2,438,225
2,607,312
57,239
61,402
109,002
115,862
0.0146
0.0137
24,001
28,248
16,426
19,333
17,062
19,783
11,678
13,540
13,686
15,819
9,367
10,827

Grade 110
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Yield Elastic
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
in
in
lb/ft
lb
psi
ft-lb
ft*
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.082
0.090
0.097
0.104
0.85
0.92
0.98
1.04
26,014
28,303
30,269
32,202
18,040
19,800
21,340
22,880
532
569
601
630
0.1484
0.1371
0.1287
0.1214
16,561
18,018
19,270
20,500
11,334
12,332
13,189
14,031
10,123
11,404
12,536
13,679
6,929
7,805
8,580
9,362
8,087
9,207
10,207
11,224
5,535
6,301
6,986
7,682
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.082
0.090
0.097
0.104
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.140
0.151
0.170
1.08
1.17
1.25
1.33
1.43
1.50
1.60
1.71
1.82
2.01
33,098
36,078
38,649
41,187
44,400
46,860
49,973
53,702
57,348
63,448
14,432
15,840
17,072
18,304
19,888
21,120
22,704
24,640
26,576
29,920
873
940
996
1,049
1,115
1,164
1,224
1,294
1,358
1,459
0.1165
0.1074
0.1007
0.0948
0.0883
0.0838
0.0788
0.0736
0.0691
0.0627
11,091
13,330
15,289
16,781
18,090
19,092
20,361
21,880
23,366
25,851
7,591
9,123
10,464
11,485
12,381
13,067
13,935
14,975
15,992
17,693
6,946
8,198
9,309
10,314
11,468
12,374
13,548
14,992
16,443
18,955
4,754
5,611
6,371
7,059
7,849
8,469
9,272
10,261
11,254
12,973
5,493
6,499
7,405
8,253
9,264
10,063
11,107
12,404
13,720
16,026
3,759
4,448
5,068
5,649
6,340
6,887
7,602
8,490
9,390
10,969
1.500
1.500
1.500
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.090
0.097
0.104
1.42
1.52
1.62
43,853
47,030
50,172
13,200
14,227
15,253
1,404
1,492
1,577
0.0883
0.0827
0.0778
9,131
10,764
12,397
6,250
7,367
8,485
5,861
6,765
7,674
4,011
4,630
5,252
4,634
5,348
6,076
3,172
3,660
4,159
42
in

Grade 110
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Yield Elastic
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
43
in
in
lb/ft
lb
psi
ft-lb
ft*
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.140
0.151
0.170
1.74
1.83
1.95
2.10
2.24
2.47
54,162
57,227
61,118
65,798
70,393
78,135
16,573
17,600
18,920
20,533
22,147
24,933
1,682
1,761
1,859
1,972
2,080
2,253
0.0723
0.0686
0.0644
0.0600
0.0562
0.0508
14,496
16,129
17,293
18,617
19,917
22,108
9,921
11,039
11,835
12,742
13,632
15,131
8,857
9,790
10,761
11,942
13,134
15,212
6,062
6,700
7,365
8,173
8,989
10,411
7,036
7,801
8,644
9,681
10,738
12,602
4,815
5,339
5,916
6,626
7,349
8,625
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
0.102
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.097
0.104
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.140
0.151
0.170
0.183
1.79
1.91
2.05
2.17
2.31
2.48
2.65
2.94
3.13
55,410
59,157
63,925
67,595
72,263
77,893
83,439
92,821
99,097
12,194
13,074
14,206
15,086
16,217
17,600
18,983
21,371
23,006
2,088
2,212
2,366
2,482
2,626
2,796
2,959
3,222
3,390
0.0701
0.0659
0.0612
0.0580
0.0544
0.0507
0.0474
0.0428
0.0401
7,532
8,931
10,731
12,130
13,930
16,129
17,345
19,295
20,600
5,155
6,113
7,344
8,302
9,534
11,039
11,871
13,206
14,099
4,976
5,750
6,746
7,525
8,536
9,790
10,807
12,560
13,772
3,405
3,936
4,617
5,150
5,842
6,700
7,397
8,596
9,426
3,945
4,547
5,333
5,956
6,774
7,801
8,684
10,228
11,308
2,700
3,112
3,650
4,077
4,636
5,339
5,943
7,000
7,739
2.000
2.000
0.109
0.118
0.104
0.113
2.20
2.37
68,142
73,687
11,440
12,430
2,955
3,167
0.0572
0.0531
6,332
7,907
4,334
5,412
4,306
5,183
2,947
3,548
3,430
4,106
2,348
2,810

in
Grade 110
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Yield Elastic
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
44
in
in
lb/ft
lb
psi
ft-lb
ft*
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.120
0.129
0.140
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
2.50
2.67
2.87
3.07
3.41
3.63
3.89
77,962
83,408
89,988
96,484
107,508
114,908
123,300
13,200
14,190
15,400
16,610
18,700
20,130
21,780
3,328
3,528
3,766
3,994
4,368
4,609
4,874
0.0503
0.0471
0.0438
0.0410
0.0369
0.0346
0.0323
9,131
10,706
12,630
14,555
17,111
18,288
19,624
6,250
7,327
8,644
9,961
11,711
12,517
13,431
5,861
6,732
7,805
8,890
10,601
11,645
12,862
4,011
4,608
5,342
6,084
7,256
7,970
8,803
4,634
5,322
6,182
7,063
8,504
9,420
10,496
3,172
3,643
4,231
4,834
5,820
6,447
7,184
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.236
0.120
0.129
0.140
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.231
3.00
3.20
3.45
3.69
4.11
4.39
4.70
5.39
93,513
100,125
108,130
116,052
129,539
138,623
148,959
171,151
11,116
11,949
12,968
13,987
15,747
16,952
18,341
21,398
4,830
5,132
5,492
5,840
6,417
6,793
7,209
8,061
0.0419
0.0393
0.0365
0.0341
0.0306
0.0287
0.0267
0.0234
5,817
7,143
8,763
10,384
13,183
15,098
16,812
19,317
3,981
4,889
5,998
7,107
9,022
10,333
11,506
13,221
4,014
4,759
5,657
6,554
8,115
9,199
10,341
12,579
2,748
3,257
3,872
4,485
5,554
6,296
7,078
8,609
3,209
3,778
4,475
5,181
6,432
7,315
8,277
10,245
2,196
2,586
3,062
3,546
4,402
5,007
5,665
7,012
2.625
2.625
0.145
0.156
0.140
0.151
3.84
4.11
120,226
129,098
11,733
12,655
6,825
7,268
0.0328
0.0306
6,799
8,265
4,653
5,657
4,567
5,382
3,126
3,683
3,630
4,260
2,485
2,915

in
Grade 110
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Yield Elastic
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
45
in
in
lb/ft
lb
psi
ft-lb
ft*
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.236
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.231
4.57
4.89
5.25
6.02
144,226
154,433
166,065
191,108
14,248
15,337
16,594
19,360
8,004
8,486
9,023
10,130
0.0275
0.0257
0.0240
0.0209
10,797
12,530
14,530
17,656
7,390
8,576
9,944
12,084
6,783
7,749
8,876
11,082
4,642
5,303
6,075
7,585
5,363
6,136
7,051
8,924
3,670
4,200
4,826
6,108
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.236
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.231
4.53
5.04
5.39
5.79
6.64
142,143
158,913
170,243
183,171
211,065
11,555
13,009
14,003
15,151
17,677
8,852
9,767
10,370
11,043
12,439
0.0278
0.0250
0.0233
0.0217
0.0189
6,515
8,827
10,409
12,235
16,251
4,459
6,041
7,124
8,374
11,122
4,408
5,693
6,568
7,583
9,860
3,017
3,896
4,495
5,190
6,748
3,509
4,502
5,192
6,003
7,858
2,401
3,081
3,553
4,109
5,378
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.236
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.231
5.57
6.21
6.64
7.14
8.22
174,757
195,630
209,768
225,936
260,957
9,491
10,686
11,503
12,446
14,520
13,498
14,948
15,910
16,991
19,261
0.0226
0.0203
0.0189
0.0176
0.0153
3,952
5,186
6,432
7,932
11,231
2,705
3,549
4,402
5,429
7,686
2,846
3,646
4,362
5,197
7,024
1,948
2,495
2,985
3,557
4,807
2,296
2,927
3,473
4,116
5,555
1,572
2,004
2,377
2,817
3,802
4.500
4.500
0.204
0.224
0.199
0.219
9.35
10.22
295,777
323,990
9,729
10,707
29,310
31,823
0.0135
0.0123
4,198
5,208
2,873
3,564
3,005
3,660
2,057
2,505
2,421
2,939
1,657
2,011

in
Grade 110
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Yield Elastic
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
46
in
in
in
lb/ft
lb
psi
ft-lb
ft*
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
4.500
4.500
0.236
0.250
0.231
0.245
10.74
11.34
340,785
360,253
11,293
11,978
33,295
34,980
0.0117
0.0111
6,099
7,188
4,174
4,919
4,174
4,784
2,857
3,274
3,330
3,797
2,279
2,599
6.625
6.625
0.280
0.300
0.275
0.295
18.95
20.24
603,461
645,310
9,132
9,796
88,515
94,085
0.0066
0.0062
3,581
4,267
2,451
2,921
2,606
3,050
1,784
2,087
2,109
2,456
1,444
1,681

Grade 110
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Press.
Yield
Torque
Elastic
Stretch
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
47
mm
mm
kg/m
kPa
N-m
m*
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
25.40
25.40
25.40
25.40
2.21
2.41
2.59
2.77
2.08
2.29
2.46
2.64
1.26
1.36
1.45
1.54
115,616
125,789
134,530
143,120
124,380
136,515
147,133
157,751
720
771
814
854
0.3273
0.3024
0.2838
0.2677
114,181
124,229
132,861
141,345
78,147
85,024
90,932
96,738
69,798
78,624
86,435
94,309
47,770
53,812
59,157
64,547
55,757
63,478
70,376
77,389
38,161
43,445
48,167
52,966
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
2.21
2.41
2.59
2.77
3.00
3.18
3.40
3.68
3.96
4.45
2.08
2.29
2.46
2.64
2.87
3.05
3.28
3.56
3.84
4.32
1.61
1.74
1.86
1.97
2.12
2.23
2.37
2.54
2.71
2.99
147,101
160,347
171,775
183,053
197,333
208,267
222,103
238,677
254,879
281,989
99,504
109,212
117,706
126,201
137,122
145,616
156,537
169,885
183,234
206,289
1,183
1,273
1,349
1,422
1,511
1,577
1,659
1,752
1,840
1,977
0.2569
0.2369
0.2220
0.2090
0.1946
0.1849
0.1738
0.1622
0.1523
0.1382
76,467
91,906
105,415
115,701
124,726
131,637
140,383
150,858
161,099
178,234
52,335
62,902
72,147
79,187
85,364
90,094
96,080
103,249
110,258
121,986
47,889
56,520
64,180
71,114
79,069
85,315
93,407
103,365
113,372
130,689
32,776
38,683
43,925
48,671
54,116
58,391
63,929
70,745
77,594
89,446
37,870
44,811
51,056
56,903
63,869
69,384
76,582
85,523
94,595
110,495
25,919
30,669
34,943
38,945
43,713
47,487
52,414
58,533
64,742
75,625
38.10
38.10
38.10
38.10
38.10
38.10
38.10
38.10
2.41
2.59
2.77
3.00
3.18
3.40
3.68
3.96
2.29
2.46
2.64
2.87
3.05
3.28
3.56
3.84
2.12
2.26
2.41
2.59
2.73
2.91
3.12
3.33
194,904
209,021
222,987
240,722
254,343
271,636
292,433
312,859
91,010
98,089
105,167
114,268
121,347
130,448
141,571
152,695
1,902
2,021
2,136
2,278
2,385
2,518
2,672
2,818
0.1948
0.1823
0.1715
0.1594
0.1512
0.1420
0.1323
0.1240
62,958
74,216
85,473
99,947
111,204
119,229
128,358
137,323
43,090
50,794
58,499
68,405
76,110
81,602
87,850
93,986
40,409
46,639
52,910
61,066
67,498
74,196
82,335
90,553
27,656
31,921
36,212
41,794
46,196
50,781
56,351
61,976
31,950
36,874
41,894
48,508
53,782
59,595
66,748
74,036
21,867
25,237
28,673
33,200
36,809
40,787
45,683
50,671

mm
Grade 110
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Press.
Yield
Torque
Elastic
Stretch
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
48
mm
mm
kg/m
kPa
N-m
m*
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
38.10
4.45
4.32
3.68
347,265
171,908
3,051
0.1121
152,425
104,322
104,879
71,781
86,890
59,469
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
2.59
2.77
3.00
3.18
3.40
3.68
3.96
4.45
4.78
2.46
2.64
2.87
3.05
3.28
3.56
3.84
4.32
4.65
2.67
2.84
3.06
3.22
3.44
3.69
3.95
4.38
4.66
246,266
262,920
284,110
300,420
321,168
346,190
370,839
412,540
440,433
84,076
90,143
97,944
104,011
111,812
121,347
130,881
147,350
158,617
2,829
2,996
3,205
3,362
3,558
3,788
4,008
4,364
4,592
0.1546
0.1453
0.1350
0.1280
0.1200
0.1117
0.1045
0.0943
0.0885
51,931
61,580
73,986
83,635
96,041
111,204
119,588
133,036
142,031
35,542
42,146
50,637
57,241
65,732
76,110
81,848
91,051
97,208
34,305
39,647
46,512
51,882
58,853
67,498
74,511
86,595
94,954
23,479
27,135
31,833
35,509
40,280
46,196
50,997
59,267
64,988
27,197
31,353
36,772
41,067
46,705
53,782
59,870
70,518
77,966
18,614
21,458
25,168
28,107
31,966
36,809
40,976
48,264
53,361
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
2.77
3.00
3.18
3.40
3.68
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
2.64
2.87
3.05
3.28
3.56
3.84
4.32
4.65
5.03
3.27
3.53
3.72
3.97
4.27
4.57
5.07
5.41
5.79
302,853
327,499
346,497
370,701
399,946
428,819
477,815
510,700
547,999
78,875
85,701
91,010
97,836
106,178
114,521
128,931
138,790
150,167
4,003
4,290
4,507
4,780
5,101
5,410
5,916
6,243
6,602
0.1261
0.1171
0.1109
0.1040
0.0966
0.0904
0.0814
0.0763
0.0713
43,660
54,515
62,958
73,814
87,081
100,349
117,972
126,091
135,300
29,882
37,311
43,090
50,519
59,600
68,680
80,742
86,298
92,601
29,687
35,739
40,409
46,416
53,810
61,294
73,093
80,292
88,679
20,318
24,460
27,656
31,768
36,829
41,951
50,026
54,953
60,693
23,652
28,307
31,950
36,696
42,620
48,695
58,631
64,946
72,369
16,188
19,373
21,867
25,115
29,170
33,327
40,128
44,450
49,530
60.33
60.33
3.18
3.40
3.05
3.28
4.46
4.77
415,612
444,999
76,640
82,388
6,542
6,952
0.0924
0.0866
40,105
49,246
27,449
33,705
27,679
32,812
18,944
22,457
22,124
26,046
15,142
17,826

mm
Grade 110
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Press.
Yield
Torque
Elastic
Stretch
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
49
mm
mm
kg/m
kPa
N-m
m*
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
60.33
60.33
60.33
60.33
60.33
60.33
3.68
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
5.99
3.56
3.84
4.32
4.65
5.03
5.87
5.13
5.50
6.11
6.53
7.00
8.01
480,580
515,789
575,728
616,101
662,039
760,671
89,413
96,439
108,573
116,876
126,456
147,532
7,439
7,912
8,692
9,202
9,766
10,919
0.0804
0.0751
0.0675
0.0632
0.0590
0.0515
60,419
71,592
90,890
104,094
115,914
133,183
41,352
48,998
62,207
71,244
79,333
91,152
39,005
45,185
55,949
63,426
71,299
86,730
26,696
30,925
38,292
43,410
48,798
59,359
30,850
35,718
44,348
50,438
57,064
70,638
21,114
24,446
30,352
34,521
39,056
48,346
66.68
66.68
66.68
66.68
66.68
66.68
3.68
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
5.99
3.56
3.84
4.32
4.65
5.03
5.87
5.71
6.11
6.81
7.27
7.81
8.95
534,336
573,768
641,004
686,368
738,066
849,369
80,898
87,254
98,233
105,745
114,413
133,481
9,245
9,845
10,842
11,496
12,223
13,722
0.0723
0.0675
0.0606
0.0567
0.0529
0.0461
46,876
56,985
74,446
86,392
100,177
121,735
32,083
39,001
50,952
59,128
68,562
83,317
31,490
37,106
46,767
53,424
61,196
76,407
21,552
25,396
32,008
36,564
41,884
52,294
25,031
29,369
36,975
42,309
48,615
61,531
17,131
20,101
25,306
28,957
33,273
42,113
73.03
73.03
73.03
73.03
73.03
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
5.99
3.84
4.32
4.65
5.03
5.87
6.73
7.50
8.02
8.61
9.89
631,748
706,279
756,635
814,092
938,066
79,667
89,691
96,550
104,464
121,874
11,990
13,230
14,047
14,958
16,850
0.0613
0.0550
0.0515
0.0479
0.0417
44,919
60,861
71,769
84,354
112,043
30,743
41,654
49,119
57,733
76,684
30,394
39,249
45,283
52,284
67,980
20,802
26,863
30,992
35,784
46,527
24,192
31,041
35,796
41,391
54,180
16,557
21,245
24,499
28,328
37,081
88.90
88.90
88.90
88.90
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
3.84
4.32
4.65
5.03
8.28
9.24
9.88
10.63
776,698
869,467
932,302
1,004,159
65,441
73,675
79,309
85,809
18,284
20,248
21,552
23,016
0.0498
0.0447
0.0417
0.0388
27,250
35,755
44,349
54,688
18,650
24,471
30,353
37,429
19,625
25,139
30,074
35,834
13,431
17,206
20,583
24,525
15,833
20,184
23,947
28,381
10,837
13,814
16,390
19,424

mm
Grade 110
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Press.
Yield
Torque
Elastic
Stretch
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
50
mm
mm
mm
kg/m
kPa
N-m
m*
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
88.90
5.99
5.87
12.23
1,159,810
100,111
26,091
0.0337
77,432
52,996
48,426
33,143
38,298
26,211
114.30
114.30
114.30
114.30
5.18
5.69
5.99
6.35
5.05
5.56
5.87
6.22
13.91
15.21
15.98
16.87
1,314,566
1,439,957
1,514,601
1,601,127
67,078
73,819
77,864
82,583
39,703
43,107
45,102
47,384
0.0297
0.0271
0.0258
0.0245
28,941
35,905
42,052
49,557
19,808
24,574
28,781
33,917
20,718
25,237
28,781
32,985
14,180
17,272
19,698
22,576
16,690
20,261
22,961
26,179
11,423
13,867
15,715
17,917
168.28
168.28
7.11
7.62
6.99
7.49
28.20
30.12
2,682,047
2,868,044
62,963
67,542
119,902
127,448
0.0146
0.0137
24,691
29,421
16,899
20,136
17,971
21,028
12,299
14,392
14,543
16,933
9,953
11,589

Grade 120
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Yield Elastic
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
51
in
in
lb/ft
lb
psi
ft-lb
ft*
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.082
0.090
0.097
0.104
0.85
0.92
0.98
1.04
28,378
30,876
33,021
35,130
19,680
21,600
23,280
24,960
580
621
655
688
0.1484
0.1371
0.1287
0.1214
18,066
19,656
21,022
22,364
12,365
13,453
14,388
15,306
11,044
12,440
13,676
14,922
7,558
8,514
9,360
10,213
8,822
10,044
11,135
12,245
6,038
6,874
7,621
8,381
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.082
0.090
0.097
0.104
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.140
0.151
0.170
1.08
1.17
1.25
1.33
1.43
1.50
1.60
1.71
1.82
2.01
36,107
39,358
42,163
44,931
48,436
51,120
54,516
58,584
62,561
69,216
15,744
17,280
18,624
19,968
21,696
23,040
24,768
26,880
28,992
32,640
953
1,025
1,086
1,145
1,217
1,270
1,336
1,411
1,482
1,592
0.1165
0.1074
0.1007
0.0948
0.0883
0.0838
0.0788
0.0736
0.0691
0.0627
11,755
14,228
16,391
18,307
19,735
20,828
22,212
23,869
25,490
28,201
8,046
9,738
11,218
12,529
13,507
14,255
15,202
16,337
17,446
19,301
7,472
8,854
10,077
11,252
12,511
13,499
14,779
16,355
17,938
20,678
5,114
6,060
6,897
7,701
8,562
9,239
10,115
11,194
12,277
14,152
5,925
7,032
8,027
9,003
10,106
10,978
12,117
13,532
14,967
17,483
4,055
4,813
5,494
6,162
6,916
7,514
8,293
9,261
10,244
11,966
1.500
1.500
1.500
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.090
0.097
0.104
1.42
1.52
1.62
47,840
51,305
54,733
14,400
15,520
16,640
1,531
1,627
1,720
0.0883
0.0827
0.0778
9,592
11,395
13,198
6,565
7,799
9,033
6,269
7,271
8,276
4,291
4,977
5,664
4,977
5,765
6,567
3,406
3,946
4,495

in
Grade 120
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Yield Elastic
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
52
in
in
lb/ft
lb
psi
ft-lb
ft*
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.140
0.151
0.170
1.74
1.83
1.95
2.10
2.24
2.47
59,086
62,430
66,674
71,779
76,793
85,238
18,080
19,200
20,640
22,400
24,160
27,200
1,835
1,921
2,027
2,152
2,269
2,457
0.0723
0.0686
0.0644
0.0600
0.0562
0.0508
15,515
17,318
18,865
20,309
21,728
24,117
10,619
11,853
12,911
13,900
14,871
16,506
9,580
10,607
11,740
13,027
14,328
16,594
6,557
7,259
8,035
8,916
9,806
11,357
7,622
8,461
9,429
10,561
11,714
13,748
5,216
5,791
6,454
7,228
8,017
9,409
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
0.102
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.097
0.104
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.140
0.151
0.170
0.183
1.79
1.91
2.05
2.17
2.31
2.48
2.65
2.94
3.13
60,447
64,535
69,736
73,739
78,832
84,974
91,024
101,260
108,106
13,303
14,263
15,497
16,457
17,691
19,200
20,709
23,314
25,097
2,278
2,413
2,581
2,708
2,865
3,050
3,227
3,515
3,698
0.0701
0.0659
0.0612
0.0580
0.0544
0.0507
0.0474
0.0428
0.0401
7,826
9,371
11,358
12,903
14,890
17,318
18,922
21,049
22,473
5,356
6,414
7,774
8,831
10,191
11,853
12,950
14,407
15,381
5,283
6,147
7,251
8,112
9,227
10,607
11,790
13,701
15,024
3,616
4,207
4,963
5,552
6,315
7,259
8,069
9,377
10,283
4,212
4,881
5,749
6,435
7,334
8,461
9,473
11,158
12,336
2,883
3,340
3,935
4,404
5,020
5,791
6,483
7,636
8,443
2.000
2.000
0.109
0.118
0.104
0.113
2.20
2.37
74,337
80,386
12,480
13,560
3,224
3,455
0.0572
0.0531
6,502
8,240
4,450
5,640
4,532
5,515
3,102
3,775
3,637
4,391
2,489
3,005

in
Grade 120
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Yield Elastic
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
53
in
in
lb/ft
lb
psi
ft-lb
ft*
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.120
0.129
0.140
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
2.50
2.67
2.87
3.07
3.41
3.63
3.89
85,049
90,990
98,168
105,256
117,282
125,354
134,509
14,400
15,480
16,800
18,120
20,400
21,960
23,760
3,630
3,849
4,108
4,357
4,765
5,028
5,317
0.0503
0.0471
0.0438
0.0410
0.0369
0.0346
0.0323
9,592
11,330
13,455
15,580
18,666
19,951
21,408
6,565
7,755
9,209
10,663
12,775
13,655
14,652
6,269
7,236
8,420
9,617
11,565
12,704
14,031
4,291
4,952
5,763
6,582
7,915
8,695
9,603
4,977
5,737
6,683
7,651
9,277
10,276
11,451
3,406
3,926
4,574
5,237
6,349
7,033
7,837
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.236
0.120
0.129
0.140
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.231
3.00
3.20
3.45
3.69
4.11
4.39
4.70
5.39
102,014
109,227
117,961
126,603
141,315
151,225
162,501
186,710
12,126
13,036
14,147
15,259
17,179
18,493
20,008
23,343
5,269
5,599
5,991
6,371
7,000
7,410
7,865
8,793
0.0419
0.0393
0.0365
0.0341
0.0306
0.0287
0.0267
0.0234
5,932
7,396
9,185
10,975
14,065
16,180
18,340
21,073
4,060
5,062
6,287
7,511
9,626
11,074
12,552
14,422
4,204
5,041
6,043
7,038
8,762
9,957
11,281
13,723
2,877
3,450
4,136
4,817
5,997
6,815
7,721
9,392
3,388
4,026
4,800
5,580
6,959
7,929
9,029
11,177
2,319
2,755
3,285
3,819
4,763
5,427
6,180
7,649
2.625
2.625
0.145
0.156
0.140
0.151
3.84
4.11
131,155
140,834
12,800
13,806
7,445
7,928
0.0328
0.0306
7,017
8,635
4,802
5,910
4,826
5,737
3,303
3,926
3,861
4,562
2,643
3,122

in
Grade 120
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Yield Elastic
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
in
in
lb/ft
lb
psi
ft-lb
ft*
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.236
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.231
4.57
4.89
5.25
6.02
157,337
168,472
181,162
208,481
15,543
16,731
18,103
21,120
8,731
9,258
9,843
11,051
0.0275
0.0257
0.0240
0.0209
11,432
13,345
15,552
19,261
7,824
9,133
10,644
13,183
7,292
8,359
9,601
12,089
4,991
5,721
6,571
8,274
5,782
6,633
7,639
9,736
3,957
4,540
5,228
6,663
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.236
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.231
4.53
5.04
5.39
5.79
6.64
155,065
173,359
185,719
199,823
230,253
12,605
14,191
15,277
16,529
19,283
9,656
10,655
11,313
12,047
13,570
0.0278
0.0250
0.0233
0.0217
0.0189
6,703
9,256
11,003
13,018
17,453
4,588
6,335
7,531
8,910
11,945
4,647
6,083
7,053
8,176
10,684
3,181
4,163
4,827
5,596
7,312
3,725
4,831
5,593
6,487
8,525
2,550
3,306
3,828
4,440
5,834
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.236
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.231
5.57
6.21
6.64
7.14
8.22
190,644
213,415
228,838
246,475
284,681
10,354
11,657
12,549
13,577
15,840
14,725
16,307
17,356
18,536
21,012
0.0226
0.0203
0.0189
0.0176
0.0153
4,049
5,412
6,612
8,268
11,910
2,772
3,704
4,525
5,658
8,151
2,980
3,869
4,595
5,531
7,558
2,039
2,648
3,145
3,785
5,173
2,424
3,124
3,685
4,403
5,993
1,659
2,138
2,522
3,013
4,102
4.500
4.500
0.204
0.224
0.199
0.219
9.35
10.22
322,666
353,444
10,613
11,680
31,974
34,716
0.0135
0.0123
4,320
5,436
2,957
3,721
3,156
3,885
2,160
2,659
2,562
3,137
1,754
2,147
54
in

Grade 120
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Yield Elastic
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
55
in
in
in
lb/ft
lb
psi
ft-lb
ft*
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
4.500
4.500
0.236
0.250
0.231
0.245
10.74
11.34
371,766
393,004
12,320
13,067
36,322
38,160
0.0117
0.0111
6,244
7,446
4,273
5,096
4,384
5,069
3,001
3,469
3,525
4,047
2,413
2,770
6.625
6.625
0.280
0.300
0.275
0.295
18.95
20.24
658,321
703,974
9,962
10,687
96,561
102,639
0.0066
0.0062
3,639
4,397
2,491
3,010
2,711
3,207
1,856
2,195
2,215
2,601
1,516
1,780

Grade 120
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Press.
Yield
Torque
Elastic
Stretch
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
56
mm
mm
kg/m
kPa
N-m
m*
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
25.40
25.40
25.40
25.40
2.21
2.41
2.59
2.77
2.08
2.29
2.46
2.64
1.26
1.36
1.45
1.54
126,126
137,225
146,760
156,131
135,688
148,926
160,509
172,092
785
841
887
931
0.3273
0.3024
0.2838
0.2677
124,561
135,522
144,939
154,194
85,251
92,753
99,198
105,533
76,143
85,772
94,293
102,883
52,113
58,704
64,535
70,414
60,826
69,249
76,774
84,424
41,630
47,395
52,545
57,781
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
2.21
2.41
2.59
2.77
3.00
3.18
3.40
3.68
3.96
4.45
2.08
2.29
2.46
2.64
2.87
3.05
3.28
3.56
3.84
4.32
1.61
1.74
1.86
1.97
2.12
2.23
2.37
2.54
2.71
2.99
160,474
174,924
187,391
199,695
215,272
227,200
242,295
260,375
278,050
307,625
108,550
119,140
128,407
137,673
149,587
158,854
170,768
185,330
199,891
225,043
1,290
1,389
1,471
1,551
1,648
1,721
1,809
1,911
2,007
2,157
0.2569
0.2369
0.2220
0.2090
0.1946
0.1849
0.1738
0.1622
0.1523
0.1382
81,050
98,096
113,012
126,219
136,065
143,604
153,145
164,573
175,744
194,437
55,472
67,138
77,347
86,386
93,125
98,285
104,814
112,636
120,282
133,076
51,516
61,044
69,479
77,579
86,257
93,071
101,898
112,762
123,679
142,570
35,258
41,779
47,552
53,096
59,035
63,699
69,741
77,176
84,648
97,577
40,848
48,487
55,346
62,076
69,675
75,691
83,544
93,298
103,195
120,540
27,957
33,185
37,879
42,486
47,687
51,804
57,179
63,855
70,628
82,500
38.10
38.10
38.10
38.10
38.10
38.10
38.10
38.10
2.41
2.59
2.77
3.00
3.18
3.40
3.68
3.96
2.29
2.46
2.64
2.87
3.05
3.28
3.56
3.84
2.12
2.26
2.41
2.59
2.73
2.91
3.12
3.33
212,623
228,023
243,258
262,605
277,465
296,330
319,018
341,301
99,284
107,006
114,728
124,656
132,378
142,307
154,441
166,576
2,074
2,204
2,330
2,486
2,602
2,746
2,915
3,074
0.1948
0.1823
0.1715
0.1594
0.1512
0.1420
0.1323
0.1240
66,134
78,564
90,994
106,975
119,404
130,068
140,027
149,807
45,263
53,770
62,277
73,215
81,722
89,021
95,836
102,530
43,226
50,134
57,062
66,052
73,129
80,941
89,820
98,785
29,584
34,312
39,054
45,207
50,050
55,397
61,474
67,610
34,312
39,750
45,279
52,549
58,338
65,012
72,816
80,767
23,484
27,206
30,990
35,965
39,927
44,495
49,836
55,278

mm
Grade 120
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Press.
Yield
Torque
Elastic
Stretch
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
mm
mm
kg/m
kPa
N-m
m*
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
38.10
4.45
4.32
3.68
378,834
187,536
3,329
0.1121
166,282
113,806
114,414
78,306
94,789
64,875
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
2.59
2.77
3.00
3.18
3.40
3.68
3.96
4.45
4.78
2.46
2.64
2.87
3.05
3.28
3.56
3.84
4.32
4.65
2.67
2.84
3.06
3.22
3.44
3.69
3.95
4.38
4.66
268,654
286,822
309,939
327,731
350,365
377,661
404,552
450,044
480,473
91,719
98,338
106,848
113,467
121,977
132,378
142,779
160,745
173,037
3,086
3,268
3,496
3,668
3,881
4,132
4,372
4,761
5,010
0.1546
0.1453
0.1350
0.1280
0.1200
0.1117
0.1045
0.0943
0.0885
53,958
64,612
78,310
88,964
102,662
119,404
130,460
145,130
154,943
36,930
44,221
53,597
60,888
70,263
81,722
89,288
99,329
106,045
36,426
42,379
49,992
55,928
63,615
73,129
81,285
94,468
103,587
24,930
29,005
34,216
38,278
43,539
50,050
55,633
64,655
70,896
29,039
33,651
39,638
44,370
50,568
58,338
65,313
76,929
85,054
19,874
23,031
27,129
30,367
34,610
39,927
44,701
52,651
58,212
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
2.77
3.00
3.18
3.40
3.68
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
2.64
2.87
3.05
3.28
3.56
3.84
4.32
4.65
5.03
3.27
3.53
3.72
3.97
4.27
4.57
5.07
5.41
5.79
330,385
357,272
377,996
404,401
436,304
467,802
521,253
557,128
597,817
86,046
93,492
99,284
106,730
115,831
124,932
140,652
151,408
163,818
4,367
4,680
4,917
5,214
5,564
5,902
6,454
6,811
7,202
0.1261
0.1171
0.1109
0.1040
0.0966
0.0904
0.0814
0.0763
0.0713
44,826
56,812
66,134
78,120
92,769
107,418
128,696
137,554
147,600
30,680
38,883
45,263
53,466
63,493
73,519
88,082
94,144
101,020
31,248
38,027
43,226
49,887
58,056
66,303
79,738
87,591
96,741
21,387
26,026
29,584
34,143
39,734
45,379
54,574
59,949
66,211
25,079
30,273
34,312
39,555
46,078
52,754
63,961
70,850
78,948
17,164
20,719
23,484
27,072
31,536
36,105
43,776
48,491
54,033
60.33
60.33
3.18
3.40
3.05
3.28
4.46
4.77
453,395
485,454
83,607
89,878
7,137
7,584
0.0924
0.0866
40,901
50,994
27,993
34,901
28,985
34,756
19,838
23,787
23,362
27,756
15,989
18,997
57
mm

Grade 120
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Press.
Yield
Torque
Elastic
Stretch
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
58
mm
mm
kg/m
kPa
N-m
m*
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
60.33
60.33
60.33
60.33
60.33
60.33
3.68
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
5.99
3.56
3.84
4.32
4.65
5.03
5.87
5.13
5.50
6.11
6.53
7.00
8.01
524,269
562,679
628,067
672,110
722,225
829,823
97,542
105,206
118,444
127,501
137,952
160,944
8,116
8,631
9,482
10,038
10,653
11,912
0.0804
0.0751
0.0675
0.0632
0.0590
0.0515
63,330
75,667
96,975
111,554
126,451
145,290
43,344
51,787
66,371
76,349
86,545
99,439
41,666
48,523
60,414
68,650
77,780
94,615
28,517
33,210
41,348
46,985
53,234
64,756
33,095
38,476
47,978
54,668
62,252
77,060
22,651
26,333
32,837
37,415
42,606
52,741
66.68
66.68
66.68
66.68
66.68
66.68
3.68
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
5.99
3.56
3.84
4.32
4.65
5.03
5.87
5.71
6.11
6.81
7.27
7.81
8.95
582,912
625,929
699,277
748,765
805,163
926,584
88,252
95,186
107,163
115,358
124,814
145,616
10,085
10,740
11,827
12,541
13,334
14,970
0.0723
0.0675
0.0606
0.0567
0.0529
0.0461
48,377
59,539
78,817
92,008
107,228
132,802
33,110
40,749
53,944
62,972
73,388
90,891
33,274
39,551
50,275
57,630
66,196
83,353
22,773
27,070
34,409
39,443
45,305
57,048
26,622
31,452
39,862
45,735
52,666
67,125
18,221
21,526
27,282
31,302
36,045
45,941
73.03
73.03
73.03
73.03
73.03
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
5.99
3.84
4.32
4.65
5.03
5.87
6.73
7.50
8.02
8.61
9.89
689,180
770,486
825,420
888,101
1,023,345
86,909
97,845
105,327
113,960
132,954
13,081
14,433
15,324
16,318
18,382
0.0613
0.0550
0.0515
0.0479
0.0417
46,216
63,818
75,862
89,758
120,331
31,631
43,678
51,921
61,432
82,356
32,043
41,937
48,632
56,372
73,660
21,931
28,702
33,284
38,582
50,414
25,684
33,306
38,561
44,725
58,774
17,578
22,795
26,392
30,611
40,226
88.90
88.90
88.90
88.90
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
3.84
4.32
4.65
5.03
8.28
9.24
9.88
10.63
847,307
948,510
1,017,057
1,095,446
71,390
80,373
86,519
93,610
19,947
22,089
23,511
25,108
0.0498
0.0447
0.0417
0.0388
27,920
37,317
45,587
57,002
19,109
25,540
31,200
39,013
20,543
26,678
31,684
38,133
14,060
18,259
21,685
26,099
16,712
21,540
25,410
30,355
11,438
14,742
17,391
20,775

mm
Grade 120
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Collapse Pressures
Wt.
Yield
Load
Yield
Press.
Yield
Torque
Elastic
Stretch
Ovality = 0%
Ovality = 2%
Ovality = 4%
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
Fa=0
Fa=Fy/2
mm
mm
kg/m
kPa
N-m
m*
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
88.90
5.99
5.87
12.23
1,265,248
109,212
28,463
0.0337
82,115
56,201
52,109
35,664
41,320
28,280
114.30
114.30
114.30
114.30
5.18
5.69
5.99
6.35
5.05
5.56
5.87
6.22
13.91
15.21
15.98
16.87
1,434,073
1,570,862
1,652,292
1,746,684
73,176
80,530
84,943
90,091
43,312
47,026
49,202
51,692
0.0297
0.0271
0.0258
0.0245
29,788
37,482
43,050
51,337
20,387
25,653
29,464
35,136
21,763
26,786
30,228
34,949
14,895
18,333
20,688
23,920
17,666
21,625
24,304
27,905
12,091
14,801
16,634
19,098
168.28
168.28
7.11
7.62
6.99
7.49
28.20
30.12
2,925,870
3,128,775
68,687
73,682
130,802
139,034
0.0146
0.0137
25,092
30,318
17,174
20,750
18,693
22,108
12,793
15,131
15,271
17,936
10,451
12,276
59
mm


60

Drill Pipe Yield Strength & Pressure

The following tables contain the sizes, volumes, displacements, torsional and tensile yield
strengths, internal pressures and collapse pressures for new and used drill pipe (DP) of different grades. Upsets and couplings are not considered in these calculations.
Equations
The following equations are used in any consistent units. The values must then be converted to the units shown in the tables.
The internal volume is:
(1)
The external displacement is:
(2)
The tensile yield strength is:
P = Ym A
(3)
The torsional yield strength is:
0.096167 JYm
Do
Q=
(4)
The internal pressure is:
Pi =
2Ymt
Do
(5)
For new drill pipe the nominal wall thickness t in equation (4) is multiplied by the factor
0.875 due to permissible wall thickness tolerance of minus 12.5 percent.
For used drill pipe, replace
Do
by
Do
and
by
t * in the above equations as per the
following table.
anchor
Drill Pipe Type
Do
t*
Premium class
Do 0.4t
0.8t
Class 2
Do 0.6t
0.7t
The collapse pressure calculation is based on the equations in reference 1. As the equations
are lengthy, they are not reproduced in this handbook.

Nomenclature
Ai
= internal cross sectional area of DP =
As
= average area of steel
Do
= outside diameter of the DP
Di
= inside diameter of the DP
= polar moment of inertia =
= minimum tensile strength
Pi
= internal pressure
= minimum torsional yield strength
cross sectional area of the DP wall =
= nominal wall thickness =
2
2
( Do Di )
4
4
4
( Do Di )
32
Do Di
2
Vi
= internal volume
Vo
= external displacement
Ym
= minimum yield strength of the material
References
API Recommended Practice 7G, Sixteenth Edition: Recommended Practice for Drill Stem
Design and Operating Limits, December 1998
Drill Pipe Yield Strength

English Units
Outside
Diameter
Weight w/ Internal
Couplings Diameter
in
Torsional Yield Strength

ft-lb
Tensile Yield Strength

lb
lb/ft
in
E75
X95
G105
S135
E75
X95
G105
S135
4.80
4.85
6.65
2.000
1.995
1.815
4,716
4,763
6,250
5,973
6,033
7,917
6,602
6,668
8,751
8,488
8,574
11,251
96,641
97,817
138,214
122,412
123,902
175,072
135,297
136,944
193,500
173,953
176,071
248,786
2.875
6.45
6.85
8.35
10.40
2.469
2.441
2.323
2.151
7,674
8,083
9,655
11,554
9,721
10,238
12,229
14,636
10,744
11,316
13,517
16,176
13,814
14,549
17,378
20,798
127,804
135,902
169,015
214,344
161,885
172,143
214,086
271,503
178,925
190,263
236,622
300,082
230,047
244,624
304,228
385,820
8.50
9.50
11.20
13.30
15.50
3.063
2.992
2.900
2.764
2.602
12,552
14,146
16,050
18,551
21,086
15,899
17,919
20,330
23,499
26,709
17,572
19,805
22,470
25,972
29,520
22,593
25,463
28,890
33,393
37,954
168,941
194,264
226,195
271,569
322,775
213,992
246,068
286,513
343,988
408,848
236,517
271,970
316,673
380,197
451,885
304,094
349,676
407,150
488,825
580,995
11.85
14.00
3.476
3.340
19,474
23,288
24,668
29,498
27,264
32,603
35,054
41,918
230,755
285,359
292,290
361,454
323,057
399,502
415,360
513,646
12.75
13.75
16.60
20.00
4.000
3.958
3.826
3.640
24,242
25,908
30,807
36,901
30,707
32,816
39,022
46,741
33,939
36,271
43,130
51,661
43,636
46,634
55,453
66,422
250,346
270,034
330,558
412,358
317,105
342,043
418,707
522,320
350,484
378,047
462,781
577,301
450,622
486,061
595,004
742,244
16.25
19.50
4.408
4.276
35,044
41,167
44,390
52,145
49,062
57,633
63,080
74,100
328,073
395,595
415,559
501,087
459,302
553,833
590,531
712,070
3.500
*
4.000
4.500
*
*
5.000
* Not API Standard.

2.375
English Units
Outside
Diameter
Weight w/ Internal
Couplings Diameter

lb
lb/ft
in
E75
X95
G105
S135
E75
X95
G105
S135
5.500
21.90
24.70
4.778
4.670
50,710
56,574
64,233
71,661
70,994
79,204
91,279
101,834
437,116
497,222
553,681
629,814
611,963
696,111
786,809
894,999
5.563
19.00
22.20
25.25
4.975
4.859
4.733
43,889
50,912
57,991
55,593
64,488
73,455
61,445
71,276
81,187
79,000
91,641
104,383
364,667
431,862
503,054
461,912
547,026
637,202
510,534
604,607
704,276
656,401
777,352
905,498
6.625
22.20
25.20
31.90
6.065
5.965
5.761
61,276
70,581
88,163
77,616
89,402
111,673
85,786
98,813
123,429
110,297
127,045
158,694
418,602
489,464
630,371
530,229
619,988
798,469
586,042
685,250
882,519
753,483
881,035
1,134,667
7.625
29.25
6.969
94,868
120,167
132,816
170,763
563,935
714,318
789,510
1,015,084
8.625
40.00
7.825
146,525
185,599
205,135
263,746
775,188
981,905
1,085,263
1,395,338
in
* Not API Standard.

anchor
anchor

ft-lb


Metric Units
Outside
Diameter
Weight w/
Couplings
Internal
Diameter
mm
Kg/m
mm
E75
X95
G105
S135
E75
X95
G105
S135
m-Kg
Kg
7.14
7.22
9.90
50.80
50.67
46.10
652
659
864
826
834
1,095
913
922
1,210
1,174
1,185
1,555
43,835
44,369
62,693
55,525
56,201
79,411
61,369
62,117
87,770
78,904
79,864
112,847
73.03
9.60
10.19
12.42
15.48
62.71
62.00
59.00
54.64
1,061
1,117
1,335
1,597
1,344
1,415
1,691
2,023
1,485
1,564
1,869
2,236
1,910
2,011
2,403
2,875
57,971
61,644
76,664
97,224
73,429
78,082
97,107
123,151
81,159
86,301
107,329
136,114
104,347
110,959
137,995
175,004
12.65
14.14
16.67
19.79
23.06
77.80
76.00
73.66
70.21
66.09
1,735
1,956
2,219
2,565
2,915
2,198
2,477
2,811
3,249
3,693
2,429
2,738
3,107
3,591
4,081
3,124
3,520
3,994
4,617
5,247
76,630
88,116
102,600
123,181
146,407
97,065
111,614
129,960
156,029
185,449
107,282
123,363
143,639
172,454
204,970
137,934
158,610
184,679
221,726
263,533
17.63
20.83
88.29
84.84
2,692
3,220
3,410
4,078
3,769
4,508
4,846
5,795
104,668
129,436
132,580
163,952
146,536
181,210
188,403
232,985
18.97
20.46
24.70
29.76
101.60
100.53
97.18
92.46
3,352
3,582
4,259
5,102
4,245
4,537
5,395
6,462
4,692
5,015
5,963
7,142
6,033
6,447
7,667
9,183
113,554
122,485
149,938
187,041
143,835
155,147
189,921
236,919
158,976
171,478
209,913
261,858
204,398
220,472
269,888
336,674
24.18
29.02
111.96
108.61
4,845
5,692
6,137
7,209
6,783
7,968
8,721
10,245
148,811
179,438
188,493
227,288
208,335
251,213
267,859
322,988
88.90
*
101.60
114.30
127.00
* Not API Standard.
*
*

60.33
Metric Units
Weight w/
Couplings
Internal
Diameter
mm
Kg/m
mm
E75
X95
G105
S135
E75
X95
G105
S135
139.70
32.59
36.75
121.36
118.62
7,011
7,822
8,881
9,907
9,815
10,950
12,620
14,079
198,272
225,535
251,144
285,677
277,580
315,749
356,889
405,963
141.29
28.27
33.03
37.57
126.37
123.42
120.22
6,068
7,039
8,017
7,686
8,916
10,155
8,495
9,854
11,224
10,922
12,670
14,431
165,409
195,889
228,180
209,519
248,125
289,029
231,573
274,244
319,453
297,737
352,599
410,725
168.28
33.03
37.50
47.47
154.05
151.51
146.33
8,472
9,758
12,189
10,731
12,360
15,439
11,860
13,661
17,065
15,249
17,565
21,940
189,873
222,016
285,930
240,506
281,220
362,178
265,823
310,822
400,302
341,772
399,629
514,674
193.68
43.52
177.01
13,116
16,614
18,362
23,609
255,795
324,008
358,114
460,432
219.08
59.52
198.76
20,258
25,660
28,361
36,464
351,618
445,382
492,265
632,912
Outside
Diameter
* Not API Standard.

anchor
m-Kg
Kg

Used Drill Pipe Yield Strength

English Units
Used Premium Class Drill Pipe
I.D.
in
lb/ft
in
E75
X95
G105
S135
2.375 *
4.80
4.85
6.65
2.000
1.995
1.815
3,689
3,725
4,811
4,673
4,719
6,093
5,165
5,215
6,735
6,641
6,705
8,659
2.875 *
6.45
6.85
8.35
10.40
2.469
2.441
2.323
2.151
6,023
6,332
7,503
8,858
7,629
8,020
9,504
11,220
8,432
8,865
10,505
12,401
8.50
9.50
11.20
13.30
15.50
3.063
2.992
2.900
2.764
2.602
9,878
11,094
12,525
14,361
16,146
12,512
14,052
15,866
18,191
20,452
4.000
11.85
14.00
3.476 15,310
3.340 18,196
4.500 *
*
12.75
13.75
16.60
20.00
4.000
3.958
3.826
3.640
5.000
16.25
3.500
*
**Torsional Yield Strength

ft-lb
Used Class 2 Drill Pipe
**Tensile Yield Strength

lb
E75
X95
G105
S135
75,987 96,251 106,382 136,777

76,893 97,398 107,650 138,407
107,616 136,313 150,662 193,709
3,193
3,224
4,130
4,045
4,083
5,232
4,471
4,513
5,782
5,748
5,802
7,434
10,841
11,397
13,506
15,945
100,689
106,946
132,341
166,535
127,540
135,465
167,631
210,945
140,965
149,725
185,277
233,149
181,241
192,503
238,213
299,764
5,220
5,484
6,473
7,591
6,612
6,946
8,199
9,615
7,308
7,677
9,062
10,627
9,396 87,424 110,737

9,871 92,801 117,548
11,651 114,542 145,086
13,663 143,557 181,839
122,393
129,922
160,358
200,980
157,362
167,043
206,175
258,403
13,829
15,531
17,536
20,106
22,605
17,780
19,969
22,546
25,851
29,063
133,353
152,979
177,563
212,150
250,620
168,914
193,774
224,913
268,723
317,452
186,694
214,171
248,588
297,010
350,868
240,035
275,363
319,613
381,870
451,115
8,573
9,612
10,827
12,366
13,828
10,860
12,176
13,714
15,663
17,515
12,003
13,457
15,158
17,312
19,359
15,432
17,302
19,489
22,258
24,890
162,255
185,910
215,436
256,757
302,354
208,614
239,027
276,990
330,116
388,741
19,392
23,048
21,434
25,474
27,557 182,016 230,554 254,823 327,630

32,753 224,182 283,963 313,854 403,527
13,282
15,738
16,823
19,935
18,594
22,034
23,907 158,132 200,301 221,385 284,638

28,329 194,363 246,193 272,108 349,853
19,120
20,403
24,139
28,684
24,219
25,844
30,576
36,333
26,768
28,564
33,795
40,157
34,416
36,725
43,451
51,630
356,257
383,865
468,297
581,248
16,613
17,715
20,908
24,747
21,044
22,439
26,483
31,346
23,259
24,801
29,271
34,646
29,904
31,887
37,634
44,544
4.408 27,607
34,969
38,650
49,693 259,155 328,263 362,817 466,479
23,975
30,368
33,564
43,154 225,316 285,400 315,442 405,568
* Not API Standard.

** Premium Class: t = (0.80) Wall Thickness, D = OD - (0.40) Wall Thickness
*** Class 2: t = (0.70) Wall Thickness, D = OD - (0.60) Wall Thickness
250,699
270,127
329,542
409,026
G105
277,088
298,562
364,231
452,082
S135
***Tensile Yield Strength

lb
E75
197,920
213,258
260,165
322,916
X95
***Torsional Yield Strength

ft-lb
E75
X95
G105
S135
65,909 83,485 92,273 118,636

66,686 84,469 93,360 120,035
92,871 117,636 130,019 167,167
115,896
132,793
153,883
183,398
215,967
172,149
185,390
225,771
279,501
146,802
168,204
194,919
232,304
273,558
218,056
234,827
285,977
354,035
241,009
259,546
316,080
391,302
309,869
333,702
406,388
503,103

Wt w/
Couplings
O.D.
English Units
O.D.
Wt w/
Couplings
I.D.
in
lb/ft
in
**Torsional Yield Strength

ft-lb
E75
X95
G105
S135
**Tensile Yield Strength

lb
E75
X95
G105
S135
***Torsional Yield Strength

ft-lb
E75
X95
G105
S135
***Tensile Yield Strength

lb
E75
X95
G105
S135
19.50
4.276 32,285
40,895
45,200
58,114 311,536 394,612 436,150 560,764
27,976
35,436
39,166
50,356 270,432 342,547 378,605 486,778
5.500
21.90
24.70
4.778 39,864
4.670 44,320
50,494
56,139
55,809
62,049
71,755 344,780 436,721 482,692 620,604

79,777 391,285 495,627 547,799 704,313
34,582
38,384
43,804
48,619
48,415
53,737
62,248 299,533 379,409 419,346 539,160

69,090 339,534 430,076 475,347 611,160
5.563
19.00
22.20
25.25
4.975 34,645
4.859 40,054
4.733 45,444
43,884
50,735
57,563
48,503
56,076
63,622
62,362 288,481 365,409 403,873 519,265

72,098 340,826 431,712 477,156 613,486
81,800 395,959 501,548 554,342 712,726
30,116
34,761
39,363
38,147
44,031
49,860
42,162
48,665
55,109
54,209 250,997 317,930 351,396 451,795

62,570 296,182 375,163 414,654 533,127
70,854 343,627 435,260 481,077 618,528
6.625
22.20
25.20
31.90
6.065 48,522
5.965 55,766
5.761 69,316
61,461
70,637
87,800
67,931 87,340 331,926 420,439 464,696 597,466

78,073 100,379 387,466 490,790 542,452 697,438
97,042 124,768 497,261 629,864 696,165 895,070
42,244
48,498
60,136
53,508
61,430
76,172
59,141 76,038 289,142 366,246 404,799 520,455

67,897 87,296 337,236 427,166 472,131 607,026
84,190 108,245 432,025 547,232 604,835 777,645
7.625
29.25
6.969 75,107
95,135 105,149 135,192 447,092 566,317 625,929 804,766
65,381
82,816
91,534 117,686 389,431 493,280 545,204 700,977
8.625
40.00
7.825 115,890 146,793 162,245 208,601 614,119 777,883 859,766 1,105,413 100,835 127,724 141,169 181,503 534,715 677,305 748,601 962,487
* Not API Standard.

anchor


Metric Units
I.D.
** Torsional Yield Strength

m-kg
mm
kg/m
mm
E75
X95
G105
S135
E75
X95
G105
S135
E75
X95
G105
S135
E75
X95
G105
S135
60.33 *
7.14
7.22
9.90
50.80
50.67
46.10
510
515
665
646
652
842
714
721
931
918
927
1,197
34,467
34,878
48,813
43,658
44,179
61,830
48,254
48,829
68,339
62,041
62,780
87,864
441
446
571
559
565
723
618
624
799
795
802
1,028
29,896
30,248
42,125
37,868
38,314
53,359
41,854
42,347
58,975
53,812
54,447
75,825
73.03 *
9.60
10.19
12.42
15.48
62.71
62.00
59.00
54.64
833
875
1,037
1,225
1,055
1,109
1,314
1,551
1,166
1,226
1,452
1,715
1,499
1,576
1,867
2,204
45,672
48,510
60,028
75,539
57,851
61,446
76,036
95,682
63,940 82,209
67,914 87,318
84,040 108,051
105,754 135,970
722
758
895
1,049
914
960
1,134
1,329
1,010
1,061
1,253
1,469
1,299
1,365
1,611
1,889
39,654
42,094
51,955
65,116
50,229
53,319
65,810
82,480
55,516
58,931
72,737
91,162
71,378
75,769
93,519
117,209
12.65
14.14
16.67
19.79
23.06
77.80
76.00
73.66
70.21
66.09
1,366
1,534
1,732
1,986
2,232
1,730
1,943
2,193
2,515
2,828
1,912
2,147
2,424
2,780
3,125
2,458
2,761
3,117
3,574
4,018
60,488 76,618 84,683 108,878

69,390 87,894 97,146 124,902
80,541 102,018 112,757 144,973
96,229 121,890 134,721 173,212
113,679 143,993 159,150 204,621
1,185
1,329
1,497
1,710
1,912
1,501
1,683
1,896
2,165
2,422
1,659
1,861
2,096
2,393
2,676
2,134
2,392
2,694
3,077
3,441
52,569
60,234
69,800
83,187
97,961
66,588 73,597 94,625

76,296 84,327 108,420
88,413 97,720 125,640
105,371 116,462 149,737
124,083 137,145 176,329
101.60
17.63
20.83
88.29
84.84
2,117
2,516
2,681
3,187
2,963
3,522
3,810
4,528
82,561 104,577 115,585 148,610

101,687 128,803 142,361 183,036
1,836
2,176
2,326
2,756
2,571
3,046
3,305
3,917
71,727
88,161
90,854 100,418 129,109

111,671 123,425 158,690
114.30 *
*
18.97
20.46
24.70
29.76
101.60
100.53
97.18
92.46
2,643
2,821
3,337
3,966
3,348
3,573
4,227
5,023
3,701
3,949
4,672
5,552
4,758
5,077
6,007
7,138
89,775
96,732
118,008
146,471
161,594
174,117
212,415
263,648
2,297
2,449
2,891
3,421
2,909
3,102
3,661
4,334
3,216
3,429
4,047
4,790
4,134
4,409
5,203
6,158
78,085 98,908 109,319 140,553

84,091 106,515 117,727 151,364
102,408 129,716 143,371 184,334
126,779 160,587 177,491 228,202
127.00
24.18
111.96
3,817
4,835
5,344
6,870
117,550 148,897 164,570 211,590
3,315
4,198
4,640
5,966
102,201 129,455 143,081 183,962
88.90
*
** Tensile Yield Strength

kg
* Not API Standard.

113,715
122,527
149,477
185,530
125,685
135,425
165,211
205,060
*** Torsional Yield Strength

m-kg
*** Tensile Yield Strength

kg

Wt w/
Couplings
O.D.
Metric Units
10
O.D.
Wt w/
Couplings
I.D.
** Torsional Yield Strength

m-kg
** Tensile Yield Strength

kg
mm
kg/m
mm
E75
X95
G105
S135
29.02
108.61 4,464
5,654
6,249
8,035
139.70
32.59
36.75
121.36 5,511
118.62 6,128
6,981
7,762
141.29
28.27
33.03
37.57
126.37 4,790
123.42 5,538
120.22 6,283
6,067
7,014
7,958
168.28
33.03
37.50
47.47
154.05 6,708 8,497 9,392 12,075 150,558 190,707 210,781 271,005

151.51 7,710 9,766 10,794 13,878 175,751 222,617 246,051 316,351
146.33 9,583 12,139 13,417 17,250 225,553 285,700 315,774 405,995
5,840 7,398 8,177 10,513 131,152 166,126 183,613 236,073

6,705 8,493 9,387 12,069 152,967 193,758 214,154 275,341
8,314 10,531 11,640 14,965 195,962 248,219 274,347 352,732
193.68
43.52
177.01 10,384 13,153 14,537 18,691 202,797 256,876 283,915 365,034
9,039
219.08
59.52
198.76 16,022 20,295 22,431 28,840 278,558 352,840 389,981 501,404 13,941 17,658 19,517 25,094 242,541 307,219 339,558 436,574
E75
anchor
G105
S135
*** Tensile Yield Strength

kg
E75
X95
G105
S135
141,309 178,992 197,833 254,357
3,868
4,899
5,415
6,962
122,665 155,376 171,731 220,798
7,716
8,579
9,920 156,389 198,092 218,944 281,500

11,030 177,483 224,812 248,476 319,469
4,781
5,307
6,056
6,722
6,694
7,429
8,606
9,552
135,865 172,096 190,211 244,557

154,009 195,078 215,613 277,216
6,706
7,753
8,796
8,622 130,852 165,746 183,193 235,534

9,968 154,595 195,820 216,433 278,271
11,309 179,603 227,497 251,444 323,285
4,164
4,806
5,442
5,274
6,087
6,893
5,829
6,728
7,619
7,495
8,651
9,796
113,850 144,210 159,390 204,930

134,345 170,170 188,083 241,821
155,866 197,430 218,212 280,558
* Not API Standard.

X95
*** Torsional Yield Strength

m-kg
E75
X95
G105
S135
11,450 12,655 16,271 176,642 223,747 247,299 317,956

Drill Pipe Pressure

English Units
Outer
Weight w/ Internal
Wall
Diameter Couplings Diameter Thickness
in
Collapse Pressure
Based on Minimum Values
psi
Internal Yield Pressure

at Minimum Yield Strength
psi
lb/ft
in
in
E75
X95
G105
S135
E75
X95
G105
S135
4.800
4.850
6.650
2.000
1.995
1.815
0.188
0.190
0.280
10,907
11,040
15,599
13,816
13,984
19,759
15,172
15,456
21,839
18,565
19,030
28,079
10,362
10,500
15,474
13,125
13,300
19,600
14,507
14,700
21,663
18,651
18,900
27,853
2.875
6.450
6.850
8.350
10.400
2.469
2.441
2.323
2.151
0.203
0.217
0.276
0.362
9,552
10,467
13,018
16,509
11,493
12,938
16,489
20,911
12,404
14,021
18,225
23,112
14,874
17,029
23,432
29,716
9,267
9,907
12,600
16,526
11,739
12,548
15,960
20,933
12,974
13,869
17,640
23,137
16,681
17,832
22,680
29,747
8.500
9.500
11.200
13.300
15.500
3.063
2.992
2.900
2.764
2.602
0.219
0.254
0.300
0.368
0.449
7,678
10,001
11,755
14,113
16,774
9,065
12,075
14,890
17,877
21,247
9,688
13,055
16,457
19,758
23,484
11,255
15,743
21,159
25,404
30,194
8,194
9,525
11,250
13,800
16,838
10,379
12,065
14,250
17,480
21,328
11,471
13,335
15,750
19,320
23,573
14,749
17,145
20,250
24,840
30,308
11.850
14.000
3.476
3.340
0.262
0.330
8,382
11,354
9,977
14,382
10,708
15,896
12,614
20,137
8,597
10,828
10,889
13,716
12,036
15,159
15,474
19,491
12.750
13.750
16.600
20.000
4.000
3.958
3.826
3.640
0.250
0.271
0.337
0.430
6,104
7,173
10,392
12,964
7,025
8,410
12,763
16,421
7,406
8,955
13,825
18,149
8,213
10,278
16,769
23,335
7,292
7,904
9,829
12,542
10,391
10,012
14,007
17,872
10,208
11,066
13,761
17,558
13,125
14,228
17,693
22,575
16.250
19.500
4.408
4.276
0.296
0.362
6,939
9,962
8,107
12,024
8,616
12,999
9,826
15,667
7,770
9,503
9,842
12,037
10,878
13,304
13,986
17,105
3.500
*
4.000
4.500
5.000
*
*
* Not API Standard.

11
2.375
English Units
Outer
Weight w/ Internal
Wall

psi
lb/ft
in
in
E75
X95
G105
S135
E75
X95
G105
S135
5.500
21.900
24.700
4.778
4.670
0.361
0.415
8,413
10,464
10,017
12,931
10,753
14,013
12,674
17,019
8,615
9,903
10,912
12,544
12,061
13,865
15,507
17,826
5.563
19.000
22.200
25.250
4.975
4.859
4.733
0.294
0.352
0.415
5,475
7,863
10,350
6,210
9,305
12,666
6,494
9,956
13,716
6,998
11,612
16,624
6,931
8,300
9,786
8,779
10,513
12,396
9,704
11,620
13,701
12,476
14,939
17,615
6.625
22.200
25.200
31.900
6.065
5.965
5.761
0.280
0.330
0.432
3,173
4,788
8,315
3,568
5,321
9,890
3,703
5,499
10,611
3,864
6,041
12,484
5,547
6,538
8,558
7,026
8,281
10,841
7,766
9,153
11,982
9,985
11,768
15,405
7.625
29.250
6.969
0.328
3,285
3,713
3,865
4,084
5,646
7,151
7,904
10,163
8.625
40.000
7.825
0.400
4,002
4,360
4,590
5,052
6,087
7,710
8,522
10,957
12
in
* Not API Standard.

anchor
Collapse Pressure
psi

Drill Pipe Pressure
Drill Pipe Pressure

Metric Units
Outer
Weight w/ Internal
Wall
mm
Collapse Pressure

KPa
KPa
Kg/m
mm
mm
E75
X95
G105
S135
E75
X95
G105
S135
7.14
7.22
9.90
50.80
50.67
46.10
4.763
4.826
7.112
75,203
76,118
107,554
95,257
96,416
136,235
104,609
106,565
150,575
127,998
131,210
193,597
71,442
1,523
2,244
90,494
1,929
2,842
100,019
2,132
3,141
128,596
2,741
4,039
73.03
9.60
10.19
12.42
15.48
62.71
62.00
59.00
54.64
5.156
5.512
7.010
9.195
65,858
72,169
89,753
113,824
79,240
89,204
113,687
144,178
85,521
96,668
125,654
159,354
102,556
117,414
161,556
204,884
63,896
68,303
86,874
113,943
80,935
86,517
110,040
144,328
89,455
95,624
121,624
159,521
115,014
122,946
156,373
205,098
12.65
14.14
16.67
19.79
23.06
77.80
76.00
73.66
70.21
66.09
5.550
6.452
7.620
9.347
11.405
52,940
68,958
81,049
97,307
115,655
62,501
83,256
102,662
123,255
146,496
66,796
90,014
113,468
136,230
161,916
77,597
108,544
145,887
175,152
208,178
56,494
65,673
77,566
95,148
116,090
71,559
83,185
98,250
120,520
147,048
79,091
91,942
108,592
133,207
162,527
101,689
118,211
139,619
171,266
208,963
17.63
20.83
88.29
84.84
6.655
8.382
57,790
78,284
68,786
99,159
73,827
109,597
86,969
138,838
59,273
74,657
75,080
94,566
82,983
104,520
106,692
134,383
18.97
20.46
24.70
29.76
101.60
100.53
97.18
92.46
6.350
6.883
8.560
10.922
42,086
49,455
71,651
89,382
48,438
57,987
87,998
113,217
51,063
61,745
95,319
125,134
56,627
70,865
115,615
160,887
50,274
54,497
67,770
86,472
71,641
69,030
96,572
123,222
70,384
76,296
94,878
121,060
90,494
98,095
121,985
155,649
24.18
29.02
111.96
108.61
7.518
9.195
47,841
68,687
55,895
82,905
59,405
89,622
67,746
108,021
53,572
65,517
67,858
82,989
75,001
91,724
96,430
117,931
88.90
*
101.60
114.30
127.00
*
*
* Not API Standard.

13
60.33
Metric Units
Outer
Weight w/ Internal
Wall

KPa
KPa
Kg/m
mm
mm
E75
X95
G105
S135
E75
X95
G105
S135
139.70
32.59
36.75
121.36
118.62
9.169
10.541
58,006
72,148
69,065
89,155
74,139
96,614
87,385
117,341
59,397
68,282
75,236
86,490
83,155
95,594
106,914
122,907
141.29
28.27
33.03
37.57
126.37
123.42
120.22
7.461
8.934
10.535
37,748
54,215
71,363
42,817
64,153
87,329
44,775
68,644
94,570
48,246
80,061
114,617
47,789
57,225
67,474
60,532
72,484
85,467
66,904
80,114
94,463
86,020
103,004
121,453
168.28
33.03
37.50
47.47
154.05
151.51
146.33
7.112
8.382
10.973
21,877
33,014
57,328
24,598
36,684
68,188
25,532
37,913
73,157
26,643
41,651
86,076
38,246
45,076
59,009
48,445
57,096
74,744
53,545
63,107
82,612
68,844
81,137
106,216
193.68
43.52
177.01
8.331
22,651
25,598
26,651
28,160
38,927
49,308
54,498
70,069
219.08
59.52
198.76
10.160
27,590
30,064
31,645
34,832
41,968
53,160
58,755
75,543
14
mm
* Not API Standard.

anchor
Collapse Pressure

Drill Pipe Pressure
Used Drill Pipe Pressure

English Units
Weight w/
Wall
I.D.
Couplings
Thickness
O.D.
Collapse Pressure
Based on MinimumValues
psi
~Internal Yield Pressure

psi
Collapse Pressure
psi
# Internal Yield Pressure

psi
E75
E75
E75
E75
lb/ft
in
in
2.375 *
4.80
4.85
6.65
2.00
2.00
1.82
0.188
0.190
0.280
8,317 9,893 10,614 12,489 9,474 12,000 13,263 17,053 6,666 7,754 8,221 9,300 8,289 10,500 11,605 14,921
8,523 10,159 10,912 12,886 9,600 12,160 13,440 17,280 6,853 7,995 8,491 9,659 8,400 10,640 11,760 15,120
13,378 16,945 18,729 24,080 14,147 17,920 19,806 25,465 12,138 15,375 16,993 21,849 12,379 15,680 17,331 22,282
2.875 *
6.45
6.85
8.35
10.40
2.47
2.44
2.32
2.15
0.203
0.217
0.276
0.362
6,693 7,789 8,260 9,352 8,473 10,733

7,640 9,016 9,633 11,181 9,057 11,473
11,023 13,963 15,433 18,971 11,520 14,592
14,223 18,016 19,912 25,602 15,110 19,139
8.50
9.50
11.20
13.30
15.50
3.06
2.99
2.90
2.76
2.60
0.219
0.254
0.300
0.368
0.449
5,111 5,739 5,967 6,447 7,491 9,489 10,488

7,075 8,283 8,813 10,088 8,709 11,031 12,192
9,643 11,611 12,536 15,050 10,286 13,029 14,400
12,015 15,218 16,820 21,626 12,617 15,982 17,664
14,472 18,331 20,260 26,049 15,394 19,499 21,552
4.000
11.85
14.00
3.48
3.34
0.262
0.330
5,704
9,012
4.500 *
*
12.75
13.75
16.60
20.00
4.00
3.96
3.83
3.64
0.250
0.271
0.337
0.430
3,790 4,183 4,391 4,786 6,667 8,444 9,333

4,687 5,189 5,351 5,913 7,227 9,154 10,117
7,525 8,867 9,466 10,959 8,987 11,383 12,581
10,975 13,901 15,350 18,801 11,467 14,524 16,053
15
in
3.500
*
X95
G105
S135
* Not API Standard.

~ Premium Class: nominal Wall Thickenss = 80% (nominal wall)
# Class 2: nominal Wall Thickenss = 70% (nominal wall)
7,860
9,900
G105
11,862
12,680
16,128
21,153
S135
X95
G105
S135
X95
G105
S135
15,251 5,201 5,855 6,097 6,560 7,414 9,391 10,379 13,345

16,303 6,055 6,962 7,335 8,118 7,925 10,039 11,095 14,265
20,736 9,712 11,700 12,636 15,184 10,080 12,768 14,112 18,144
27,197 12,938 16,388 18,113 23,288 13,221 16,746 18,509 23,798
13,485 3,778 4,172 4,379 4,771 6,555 8,303
15,675 5,544 6,300 6,595 7,132 7,620 9,652
18,514 7,867 9,310 9,962 11,619 9,000 11,400
22,711 10,858 13,753 15,042 18,391 11,040 13,984
27,710 13,174 16,686 18,443 23,712 13,470 17,062
9,956 11,004 14,148

12,540 13,860 17,820
12,000
13,008
16,176
20,640
4,880
9,133
5,440
10,515
6,878
8,663
9,177
10,668
12,600
15,456
18,858
11,799
13,716
16,200
19,872
24,246
4,311
7,296
4,702
8,569
8,712 9,629 12,380

10,973 12,128 15,593
2,869
3,397
5,951
9,632
3,176 3,265 3,319 5,833 7,389 8,167 10,500

3,851 4,020 4,291 6,323 8,010 8,853 11,382
6,827 7,185 7,918 7,863 9,960 11,009 14,154
11,596 12,519 15,029 10,033 12,709 14,047 18,060

6,507 6,826 7,440

10,793 11,621 13,832
X95
English Units
O.D.
Weight w/
Wall
I.D.
Couplings
Thickness
Collapse Pressure
Based on MinimumValues
psi

psi
Collapse Pressure
psi

psi
S135
E75
X95
G105
S135
E75
X95
lb/ft
in
in
E75
X95
G105
S135
E75
5.000
16.25
19.50
4.41
4.28
0.296
0.362
4,490
7,041
4,934
8,240
5,066
8,765
5,666
10,024
7,104
8,688
8,998 9,946 12,787

11,005 12,163 15,638
3,278
5,514
3,703
6,261
3,854
6,551
4,070
7,074
6,216
7,602
7,874
9,629
5.500
21.90
24.70
4.78
4.67
0.361
0.415
5,730
7,636
6,541
9,010
6,865
9,626
7,491
11,172
7,876
9,055
9,977 11,027 14,177

11,469 12,676 16,298
4,334
6,051
4,732
6,956
4,903
7,329
5,470
8,110
6,892
7,923
8,730 9,649 12,405

10,035 11,092 14,261
5.563
19.00
22.20
25.25
4.98
4.86
4.73
0.294
0.352
0.415
3,306
5,267
7,462
3,740
5,941
8,784
3,896
6,193
9,374
4,125
6,643
10,836
6,337
7,588
8,947
8,027 8,872 11,407

9,612 10,624 13,659
11,333 12,526 16,105
2,563
3,918
5,894
2,780
4,290
6,753
2,822
4,511
7,101
2,824
4,947
7,807
5,545
6,640
7,829
7,024
8,410
9,917
7,763 9,981
9,296 11,952
10,961 14,092
6.625
22.20
25.20
31.90
6.07
5.97
5.76
0.280
0.330
0.432
1,998
2,933
5,648
2,048
3,258
6,434
2,048
3,357
6,744
2,048
3,429
7,331
5,072
5,977
7,825
6,424
7,571
9,912
7,100 9,129
8,368 10,759
10,955 14,085
1,397
2,229
4,260
1,397
2,349
4,636
1,397
2,346
4,833
1,397
2,346
5,376
4,438
5,230
6,847
5,621
6,625
8,673
6,213
7,322
9,586
7,988
9,414
12,324
7.625
29.25
6.97
0.328
2,091
2,165
2,165
2,165
5,162
6,538
7,227
9,292
1,476
1,476
1,476
1,476
4,517
5,721
6,323
8,130
8.625
40.00
7.83
0.400
2,507
2,708
2,741
2,740
5,565
7,049
7,791
10,017
1,849
1,871
1,871
1,871
4,870
6,168
6,817
8,765
16
in
* Not API Standard.

~ Premium Class: nominal Wall Thickenss = 80% (nominal wall)
# Class 2: nominal Wall Thickenss = 70% (nominal wall)
anchor
anchor
X95
G105
G105
S135
8,702 11,189
10,643 13,684


English Units
Collapse Pressure
Wall
Thickness
KPa

KPa
Collapse Pressure
KPa

KPa
I.D.
mm
Kg/m
mm
mm
E75
60.33 *
7.14
7.22
9.90
50.80
50.67
46.10
4.76
4.83
7.11
106 57,344 68,208 73,180 86,106 65,319 82,737 91,446 117,574 119 45,963 53,462 56,684 64,119 57,154 72,395
104 58,763 70,046 75,236 88,847 66,190 83,840 92,666 119,141 117 47,247 55,125 58,543 66,598 57,916 73,360
70 92,237 116,834 129,132 166,027 97,543 123,554 136,560 175,577 78 83,690 106,007 117,166 150,642 85,350 108,110
73.03 *
9.60
10.19
12.42
15.48
62.71
62.00
59.00
54.64
5.16
5.51
7.01
9.19
119
111
86
65
46,149
52,677
76,002
98,066
53,703
62,161
96,270
124,216
56,953
66,415
106,403
137,292
64,478
77,090
130,804
176,518
58,420
62,449
79,428
104,177
73,998
79,101
100,608
131,957
81,787
87,428
111,199
145,847
105,155 134 35,859 40,370

112,407 125 41,747 47,999
142,970 97 66,961 80,669
187,518 72 89,203 112,990
42,037
50,571
87,120
124,884
45,227
55,972
104,687
160,565
51,117
54,642
69,499
91,155
64,748
69,214
88,032
115,463
12.65
14.14
16.67
19.79
23.06
77.80
76.00
73.66
70.21
66.09
5.55
6.45
7.62
9.35
11.40
135
115
97
79
64
35,242
48,777
66,485
82,838
99,778
39,570
57,108
80,053
104,928
126,385
41,142
60,762
86,430
115,973
139,689
44,451
69,555
103,768
149,108
179,600
51,652
60,043
70,918
86,992
106,140
65,425
76,055
89,829
110,190
134,444
72,312
84,061
99,285
121,789
148,596
92,973 152 26,048 28,766

108,078 130 38,228 43,439
127,652 109 54,242 64,188
156,586 88 74,861 94,824
191,052 71 90,828 115,049
30,194
45,471
68,683
103,713
127,159
32,894
49,173
80,113
126,803
163,491
45,195
52,538
62,053
76,118
92,872
57,247
66,548
78,600
96,416
117,638
101.60
17.63
20.83
88.29
84.84
6.65
8.38
128 39,329 44,865

101 62,137 74,418
47,066
80,127
51,300
95,366
54,193
68,258
68,644
86,460
114.30 *
*
18.97
20.46
24.70
29.76
101.60
100.53
97.18
92.46
6.35
6.88
8.56
10.92
152
140
112
87
28,838 30,274
35,774 36,896
61,136 65,268
95,846 105,834
33,001
40,768
75,561
129,631
45,965 58,222
49,826 63,113
61,961 78,484
79,060 100,143
127.00
24.18
29.02
111.96
108.61
7.52
9.19
142 30,957 34,018

116 48,548 56,810
34,931
60,429
39,064
69,111
48,980
59,902
62,042
75,875
68,572 88,165 160 22,599

83,862 107,823 130 38,021
25,531 26,576
43,171 45,170
28,060 42,858 54,287

48,773 52,414 66,391
139.70
32.59
121.36
9.17
128 39,510 45,101
47,330
51,651
54,306
68,787
76,028 97,750 144 29,884
32,627 33,803
37,715 47,517 60,189
17
O.D.
Weight w/
Couplings
88.90
*
X95
S135
E75
X95
G105
S135
E75
X95 G105
75,870 97,547 144 29,720

95,561 122,865 113 50,301
64,351
69,757
86,745
110,684
82,737
89,687
111,530
142,308
171
158
126
97
19,783
23,419
41,032
66,408
S135
E75
32,416 33,650
59,082 62,970
21,894
26,554
47,073
79,953
X95
G105
S135
37,510 47,419 60,064

72,498 59,726 75,653
22,509 22,881
27,720 29,589
49,536 54,592
86,319 103,619
40,219
43,598
54,216
69,177
50,945
55,224
68,673
87,625

26,134
32,312
51,886
75,668
G105
English Units
Collapse Pressure
Wall
Thickness
KPa

KPa
Collapse Pressure
KPa

KPa
I.D.
mm
Kg/m
mm
mm
E75
G105
S135
E75
X95
G105
36.75
118.62
10.54
111 52,645 62,120
66,369
77,029
62,429
79,077
87,400 112,372 125 41,718
47,961 50,530
55,916 54,625 69,192
141.29
28.27
33.03
37.57
126.37
123.42
120.22
7.46
8.93
10.53
160 22,797 25,787

133 36,315 40,961
112 51,447 60,567
26,862
42,698
64,632
28,443
45,801
74,713
43,693
52,320
61,690
55,344
66,271
78,141
61,170 78,647 181 17,670

73,247 94,175 150 27,012
86,366 111,042 126 40,636
19,165 19,456
29,577 31,101
46,559 48,961
19,468 38,231 48,426

34,105 45,780 57,988
53,826 53,979 68,373
168.28
33.03
37.50
47.47
154.05
151.51
146.33
7.11
8.38
10.97
200 13,777 14,124

170 20,225 22,465
129 38,939 44,361
14,124
23,147
46,502
14,124
23,642
50,547
34,968
41,212
53,951
44,293
52,202
68,338
48,955 62,943 227 9,630

57,697 74,182 192 15,371
75,531 97,111 145 29,370
9,630
9,630
16,196 16,172
31,962 33,320
9,630 30,597 38,756

16,172 36,061 45,677
37,069 47,207 59,795
193.68
43.52
177.01
8.33
197 14,417 14,924
14,924
14,924
35,591
45,081
49,827 64,063 223 10,179
10,179 10,179
10,179 31,142 39,446
219.08
59.52
198.76
10.16
182 17,286 18,669
18,902
18,888
38,371
48,603
53,719 69,067 206 12,748
12,901 12,901
12,901 33,574 42,528
18
O.D.
Weight w/
Couplings
X95
* Not API Standard.

** Premium Class: t = (0.80)Wall Thickness, D = OD - (0.40)Wall Thickness
*** Class 2: t = (0.70)Wall Thickness, D = OD - (0.60)Wall Thickness
~ Premium Class: nominal Wall Thickenss = 80%(nominal wall)
# Class 2: nominal Wall Thickenss = 70%(nominal wall)
anchor
anchor
anchor
anchor
anchor
S135
E75
X95 G105
S135
E75
X95
G105
S135

Nitrogen
Calculations
Nitrogen
Calculations
The density of nitrogen at a given temperature and pressure is:
MP
ZRT
Once the constants and unit conversions are included, this equation can be written for
English units as:
( scf / bbl ) =
198.6 P( psia )
Z (460+ F )
In metric units it can be written as:
( sm3 / m3 ) =
2.8416 P( kPa )
Z (273+ C )
These densities are the "volume factors" in the following tables. Note that both of these densities express the weight or mass as a "standard" volume. Standard conditions are defined
as atmospheric pressure (14.7 psia or 1 atm) and 60 F or 15 C. SCF stands for standard
cubic feet and scm or sm3 stands for standard cubic meters.
The Pressure vs. Depth for a Well Filled with Nitrogen graphs were based upon a surface
temperature of 70F (21C) and a gradient of 1.6F per 100 ft. (2.92C per 100 meters).
Variations in the well temperature from these values make relatively small changes in the
pressures.
The following examples show how the graphs in this section can be used to solve nitrogen
problems.
Example 1 E
How much nitrogen is required to fill a 12,500 ft. reel of 2" OD X 0.156" wall CT to 3,500 psia
at an average temperature of 75 F?
1. From the Coiled Tubing Volumes and Displacements table in the Pipe Sizes, Volumes and Displacements section of this handbook, read the internal volume for this
size 2.768 bbls/1,000 ft.
2. Multiply this value by 12.5 thousand feet to obtain a total volume of 34.6 bbls
3. Using the Volume Factor - Medium Pressure graph, read the volume factor as 1,200
SCF/bbl
4. Multiply the volume of the reel by the volume factor to obtain 41,520 SCF. This is the
amount of nitrogen needed.
Nitrogen
Calculations
Example 1 M
How much nitrogen is required to fill a 3,810 m reel of 50.8mm OD X 3.962mm wall CT to
24,100 kPa at an average temperature of 24 C?
size 1.4438 liters/m which is the same as 1.4438 m3/1,000m.
2. Multiply this value by 3.81 thousand meters to obtain a total volume of 5.5m3
3. Using the Volume Factor - Medium Pressure graph, read the volume factor as 221
scm/m3.
4. Multiply the volume of the reel by the volume factor to obtain 1,215 scm. This is the
amount of nitrogen needed.
Example 2 E
The same reel of CT as Example 1 E is being used to place nitrogen in a well. The CT will
be run to 7,500 ft. Nitrogen will be pumped until the pressure at the end of the CT reaches
3,500 psia, filling both the well tubular, which is 3.5" 12.95 lb/ft. EU tubing and the CT.
1. From the Tubing Sizes, Volumes and Displacements table in the Pipe Sizes, Volumes and Displacements section of this handbook, read the internal volume for this
size tubing as 7.35 bbls/1,000 ft.
2. Multiply this value by the depth of 7.5 thousand feet to obtain a well volume of 55.125
bbls.
coiled tubing size as 2.768 bbls/1,000 ft. and the external displacement as 3.886
bbls/1,000 ft.
4. Multiply these values by 7.5 thousand feet to obtain a internal volume of 20.76 bbls
and the external displacement as 29.145 bbls.
5. The total volume in the well to be filled with nitrogen is 55.125 - 29.145 + 20.76 =
46.74 bbls.
6. From the Pressure vs. Depth for a Well Filled with Nitrogen graph, find the point
where the pressure is 3,500 psia at 7,500 ft. of depth. Follow the curves upward to
read an approximate surface pressure of 2,750 psia.
7. The average pressure is (3,500 + 2,750)/2 = 3,125 psia.
8. The estimated bottom hole temperature is 70F + 1.6 * 75 hundred feet = 190F. The
average temperature is (190 + 70)/2 = 130F.
9. The Volume Factor for this average temperature and pressure is approximately 950
scf/bbl.
10. Multiplying this volume factor by the well volume from step 5 yields a nitrogen
requirement of 44,400 scf.
11. For the remaining 5,000 ft. of CT on the reel assume the pressure will be the same
as the wellhead pressure which is 2,750 psia, and the temperature is 75F. Using
the Volume Factor - Medium Pressure graph, read the volume factor as 990 scf/bbl.
The volume of this section of the coiled tubing is 2.768 * 5 thousand feet = 13.84
bbls.
12. Multiply the volume of this section by the volume factor to obtain 13,700 scf.
13. The total nitrogen required is 13,700 + 44,400 = 58,100 scf
Nitrogen
Calculations
Example 2 M
The same reel of CT as Example 1 M is being used to place nitrogen in a well. The CT will
be run to 2,285 m. Nitrogen will be pumped until the pressure at the end of the CT reaches
24,100 kPa, filling both the well tubular, which is 88.9mm 19.27 kg/m EU tubing and the CT.
1. From the Tubing Sizes, Volumes and Displacements table in the Pipe Sizes, Volumes and Displacements section of this handbook, read the internal volume for this
size tubing as 3.832 liters/m which is the same as 3.832 m3 per 1,000 meters.
2. Multiply this value by the depth of 2.285 thousand meters to obtain a well volume of
8.756 m3.
coiled tubing size as 1.4438 liters/m and the external displacement as 2.0268 liters/
m.
4. Multiply these values by 2.285 thousand meters to obtain a internal volume of 3.3 m3
and the external displacement as 4.631 m3.
5. The total volume in the well to be filled with nitrogen is 8.756 - 4.631 + 3.3 = 7.425
m3.
6. From the Pressure vs. Depth for a Well Filled with Nitrogen graph, find the point
where the pressure is 24,100 kPa at 2,285 m of depth. Follow the curves upward to
read an approximate surface pressure of approximately 19,000 kPa.
7. The average pressure is (24,100 + 19,000)/2 = 21,550 kPa.
8. The estimated bottom hole temperature is 21C + 2.92 * 2.2.85 hundred meters =
88C. The average temperature is (88 + 21)/2 = 55C.
9. The Volume Factor for this average temperature and pressure is approximately 170
sm3/m3.
10. Multiplying this volume factor by the well volume from step 5 yields a nitrogen
requirement of 1,262 sm3.
11. For the remaining 1,525 m of CT on the reel assume the pressure will be the same
as the wellhead pressure which is 1,900 kPa, and the temperature is 24C. Using
the Volume Factor - Medium Pressure graph, read the volume factor as 175 sm3/
m3. The volume of this section of the coiled tubing is 1.4438 * 1.525 thousand
meters = 2.2 sm3/m3.
12. Multiply the volume of this section by the volume factor to obtain 385 sm3.
13. The total nitrogen required is 385 + 1,262 = 1,647 sm3
Nomenclature
M
P
R
T
Z
=
=
=
=
=
=
molecular weight of Nitrogen = 28.0134

absolute pressure (psi for English units, kPa for metric units)
gas constant (1545 ft. /lb/lb mole R - for English units, 0.08206 atm-liters/gm mole K)
absolute temperature (F + 460 for English units, C + 273 for metric units)
compressibility factor from the following Nitrogen Compressibility Factor curves
density in weight or standard volume per unit volume
For properties and uses of Nitrogen, please see the General Section of this handbook
Nitrogen
Nitrogen Compressibility Factor
Nitrogen Compressibility Factor

English
2.2
0F
2.0
Compressibility Factor for Nitrogen
200F
1.8
400F
1.6
600F
800F
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
Pressure (psia)
Metric
2.2
0C
Compressibility Factor for Nitrogen
2.0
100C
1.8
200C
1.6
300C
400C
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
Pressure (kPa)
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
100,000
Nitrogen
Volume Factor - Low Pressure
Volume Factor - Low Pressure
SCF of Nitrogen per Barrel of Volume
English
450
0F
400
50F
350
100F
150F
300
200F
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
Pressure (psia)
Metric
120
0C
SCM of Nitrogen per Cubic Meter of Volume
100
40C
80C
80
120C
160C
60
40
20
0
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
Pressure (kPa)
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
Nitrogen
Volume Factor - Medium Pressure
Volume Factor - Medium Pressure

English
2,000
0F
1,800
50F
1,600
100F
1,400
150F
200F
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
Pressure (psia)
Metric
300
0C
250
40C
80C
200
120C
160C
150
100
50
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
Pressure (kPa)
22,000
24,000
26,000
28,000
30,000
Nitrogen
Volume Factor - High Pressure
Volume Factor - High Pressure

English
3,000
0F
50F
2,800
100F
2,600
150F
200F
2,400
2,200
2,000
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
11,000
12,000
13,000
14,000
15,000
Pressure (psia)
Metric
500
0C
450
40C
80C
400
120C
160C
350
300
250
200
150
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
Pressure (kPa)
80,000
90,000
100,000
Nitrogen
Volume Factor High Temperature
Volume Factor High Temperature

English
2,500
200F
400F
2,000
600F
800F
1,500
1,000
500
0
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
Pressure (psia)
Metric
Volume Factor - High Temperature
Metric
400
150C
350
250C
300
350C
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
Pressure (kPa)
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
100,000
Nitrogen
Pressure vs. Depth for Well Full of Nitrogen

English
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000
-2,000
-4,000
True Vertical Depth (ft)
-6,000
-8,000
-10,000
-12,000
-14,000
-16,000
-18,000
-20,000
Pressure (psia)
Metric
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
-1,000
True Vertical Depth (m)
-2,000
-3,000
-4,000
-5,000
-6,000
Pressure (kPa)
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
100,000
Nitrogen
10

Coiled Tubing Stress Limits

Three factors cause stresses in the CT:
Internal pressure (PI)
External pressure (Po)
Axial force (Fa)
There are other internal residual stresses in the CT from the manufacturing and plastic
bending. Currently these residual stresses are ignored when determining the CT limits,
though research is ongoing to include these residual stresses in the limits calculations.
Torque is also an external force which is being ignored for these stress limits.
The three principle stresses due to these factors are:
Axial Stress - The axial stress is caused by the axial force (tension or compression)
applied to the CT. If the compressive force exceeds the helical buckling load, the
CT forms a helix in the hole. The helix causes an additional axial bending stress in
the CT.
Radial Stress - The radial stress at a given location in the CT wall is the stress
through the CT wall due to inner and outer pressures. The radial stress is the least
of the three stresses and is often ignored in stress calculations.
Tangential or Hoop stress - The hoop stress at a given location in the CT wall is the
stress around the circumference of the CT due to inner and outer pressures.
These three stresses are combined using the Von Mises Yield Criterion to determine what
pressure and axial force combinations will cause the CT to yield. Thus the limits are set
based upon incipient yield in the same manner used for other oil country tubular goods.
To simplify the limits curve, two of the three forces are combined by calculating the pressure
difference DP = PI - Po. Though this simplification makes it easier to plot the limit curve, it is
important to consider the implications of this simplification as will be discussed later for each
point of the curve.
The following figure shows an example curve based on the Von Mises yield criterion.
For the right half of the curve, Fa>0, the CT is in tension.
For the left half of the curve, Fa<0, the CT is in compression.
For the top half of the curve, DP>0, so PI > Po. making this the burst portion of the
curve.
For the bottom half of the curve, DP<0, so PI > Po, making this the collapse portion of
the curve.
When the CT is in compression, it is assumed that the CT is buckled into a helical shape.
The additional axial bending stress causes the limits to be reduced. Exceeding these
reduced limits will corkscrew the CT.
The axial force, Fa, discussed here is different from the weight as measured by the weight
indicator. The weight can be converted to the axial force as follows:
Fa = Weight + Pi A i

1.50" X 0.134" 90ksi in 4" ID Hole

20000
G
10000
5000
F
0
-40000
-20000
DP = P i - P o (psi)
Py
15000
Axial Force (lb)

20000
40000
60000
-5000
-10000
-15000
-20000
This handbook provides values for points Py, Fy and C through G from this limit curve.
Each or these point is discussed in detail below.
Point Py. The pressure for point Py is given in the Coiled Tubing Performance tables
under the Yield Pressure column. The equation for this value is given in the description for
that table. This calculation assumes that Po = 0. Calculations with larger values of Po yield
similar results.
Point Fy. The axial force for point Fy is given in the Coiled Tubing Performance tables
under the Yield Load column. The equation for this value is given in the description for that
table. This calculation assumes that PI = Po = 0. Note that DP is 0 whenever PI = Po. Let's
assume both pressures have the value P. As P increases, the axial force required to yield
the CT decreases. Thus, the value from the table is not conservative. For an accurate value
at high pressures modify Fy as follows:
Fy p = Fy PA
Points C and D. These points, given in the Coiled Tubing Performance tables in the
Collapse Pressures columns, were not calculated using the Von Mises incipient yield criterion. Instead they are calculated using the collapse equations given in the reference for that
table. The points shown in the above figure are for the 0% ovality case with 0 and Fy/2
loads. Note that they do agree well with the Von Mises criterion which was used to generate
the curve. Since all used CT has some ovality, the 2% or 4% ovality numbers should be
used in actual practice.

Point E. The Po value, assuming PI = 0 is found by multiplying the appropriate value from
the following table by the yield strength of the CT. For English units, multiply the value from
the table by the yield strength in psi to obtain the value of Po in psi. For Metric units multiply
the value in the table by the yield strength in MPa to obtain the value of Po in MPa. As the
value of PI increases, the amount of negative differential pressure the CT can withstand
decreases. Thus, values from this table are not conservative. As the internal pressure
increases the collapse differential pressure decreases. Also, these values do not account
for ovality.
Point F. The axial compressive force value which will cause the CT to yield into a corkscrew when PI = Po = 0 can be found by multiplying the value in the attached table by the
yield strength. For English units, multiply the value from the table by the yield strength in psi
to obtain the compressive force in pounds. For Metric units, multiply the value from the table
by the yield strength in MPa to obtain the compressive force in MN. Increasing the PI and Po
pressure values to a higher pressure, P, has a minimal impact upon this compressive force.
Point G. The PI value, assuming Po = 0 is found by multiplying the appropriate value from
the following table by the yield strength of the CT. For English units, multiply the value from
the table by the yield strength in psi to obtain the value of PI in psi. For Metric units multiply
the value in the table by the yield strength in MPa to obtain the value of PI in MPa. Increasing the Po value has a minimal impact upon the burst differential pressure the pipe can withstand.
Safety Factors. There are several factors which are not taken into consideration in the
calculation of these stress limits:
Diametrical changes occur during the life of the CT, usually resulting in increases in
the CT diameter.
The effective yield stress of the CT decreases during the life of the CT due to plastic
fatigue.
Wall thinning tends to occur during the life of the CT due to corrosion, elongation and
diametrical growth.
As mentioned previously, residual stresses from the plastic bending of the CT are ignored in
these limits calculations.
No safety factors have been included in any of the yield stress limits in this handbook. Typically the industry uses 80% of the yield stress limit for the working limit. The results in a factor of safety of 1.25. Each company must decide what safety factor they will use.
Equations
The equations in this section were developed by K. Newman at CTES, L.C.
The following values are defined as:
ro
t min
rc ro
2I min
The equation for the external pressure, assuming the internal pressure is 0, for point E is:
Po =
2 + 2 A o2 + A o

The equation for the compressive axial load at point F is:
Fy c =
1
A
The equation for the internal pressure, assuming the external pressure is 0, for point G is:
Pi =
y
2 + 2 A i2 + A i
Nomenclature
A
AI
Ao
Fy
Fy-p
Fy-c

= internal cross sectional area of CT = ri2
=
=
=
=
I
=
Imin =
PI =
Po =
Py =
rc =
rI =
ro =
t
=
tmin =
external cross sectional area of CT = ro2

axial yield load of the CT with no pressure
axial yield load corrected for pressure
axial yield load in compression with no pressure
moment of inertia = (ro4 - ri4)/4
moment of inertia based on the minimum wall thickness
internal pressure
external pressure
internal pressure required to yield the CT
radial clearance between wellbore and the CT
internal radius of the CT
nominal external radius of the CT
nominal wall thickness of the CT = ro-rI
minimum wall thickness of the CT
= yield stress of the CT

External Pressure Multiplier

Point E - English Units
Wall Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Hole ID
2
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.082
0.090
0.097
0.104
0.1145
0.1245
0.1332
0.1416
0.0828
0.0895
0.0953
0.1009
0.0637
0.0687
0.0730
0.0770
0.0515
0.0555
0.0588
0.0620
0.0431
0.0464
0.0491
0.0517
0.0370
0.0398
0.0421
0.0443
0.0324
0.0348
0.0368
0.0387
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
0.075
0.080
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.070
0.075
0.082
0.090
0.097
0.104
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.0920
0.0983
0.1071
0.1171
0.1257
0.1343
0.1452
0.1536
0.1643
0.1898
0.2111
0.0706
0.0752
0.0816
0.0888
0.0950
0.1010
0.1086
0.1144
0.1217
0.1387
0.1525
0.0560
0.0596
0.0645
0.0699
0.0746
0.0791
0.0848
0.0891
0.0945
0.1069
0.1167
0.0460
0.0489
0.0528
0.0572
0.0609
0.0645
0.0690
0.0724
0.0766
0.0862
0.0937
0.0388
0.0412
0.0445
0.0481
0.0512
0.0542
0.0579
0.0607
0.0641
0.0720
0.0781
0.0335
0.0356
0.0384
0.0415
0.0441
0.0466
0.0498
0.0521
0.0551
0.0617
0.0668
0.0295
0.0313
0.0337
0.0364
0.0387
0.0409
0.0436
0.0457
0.0482
0.0539
0.0583
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.090
0.097
0.104
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.1078
0.1160
0.1241
0.1346
0.1427
0.1530
0.1781
0.1995
0.0857
0.0920
0.0981
0.1059
0.1119
0.1195
0.1376
0.1527
0.0693
0.0742
0.0789
0.0850
0.0896
0.0954
0.1090
0.1201
0.0575
0.0614
0.0653
0.0701
0.0738
0.0784
0.0892
0.0979
0.0489
0.0521
0.0554
0.0594
0.0624
0.0663
0.0751
0.0822
0.0423
0.0452
0.0479
0.0513
0.0539
0.0572
0.0647
0.0707
0.0373
0.0398
0.0422
0.0452
0.0474
0.0502
0.0567
0.0619
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.104
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.1137
0.1234
0.1310
0.1407
0.1644
0.1848
0.1987
0.0937
0.1014
0.1073
0.1149
0.1332
0.1486
0.1589
0.0773
0.0835
0.0882
0.0942
0.1084
0.1203
0.1281
0.0650
0.0700
0.0738
0.0787
0.0902
0.0996
0.1058
0.0556
0.0598
0.0631
0.0671
0.0767
0.0845
0.0896
0.0484
0.0521
0.0548
0.0583
0.0664
0.0730
0.0774
0.0428
0.0460
0.0484
0.0514
0.0585
0.0642
0.0679
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.104
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.0886
0.0960
0.1018
0.1092
0.1270
0.1422
0.1526
0.0749
0.0810
0.0857
0.0917
0.1061
0.1183
0.1264
0.0639
0.0690
0.0729
0.0779
0.0897
0.0996
0.1062
0.0553
0.0596
0.0629
0.0671
0.0771
0.0853
0.0908
0.0485
0.0522
0.0551
0.0587
0.0673
0.0743
0.0789
0.0430
0.0463
0.0489
0.0520
0.0595
0.0656
0.0697
* Multiply by the yield stress to obtain the external pressure (in the same units as the yield stress)

External Pressure Multiplier (CONT)

Point E - English Units
Wall Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Hole ID
2
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
2.375
2.000
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.104
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.0809
0.0960
0.0932
0.1000
0.1168
0.1312
0.1410
0.0705
0.0810
0.0810
0.0868
0.1009
0.1130
0.1211
0.0615
0.0690
0.0704
0.0754
0.0874
0.0975
0.1042
0.0540
0.0596
0.0617
0.0660
0.0763
0.0848
0.0906
0.0479
0.0522
0.0546
0.0584
0.0673
0.0747
0.0797
0.0428
0.0463
0.0488
0.0521
0.0600
0.0665
0.0708
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
0.125
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.120
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.0876
0.0942
0.1101
0.1238
0.1332
0.1440
0.0775
0.0832
0.0969
0.1087
0.1167
0.1258
0.0684
0.0733
0.0851
0.0951
0.1019
0.1097
0.0605
0.0648
0.0750
0.0837
0.0895
0.0962
0.0539
0.0577
0.0667
0.0743
0.0793
0.0851
0.0485
0.0518
0.0598
0.0665
0.0709
0.0760
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
0.125
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.120
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.0824
0.0886
0.1037
0.1167
0.1256
0.1359
0.0740
0.0795
0.0928
0.1042
0.1119
0.1208
0.0661
0.0709
0.0825
0.0924
0.0991
0.1068
0.0591
0.0633
0.0735
0.0821
0.0880
0.0946
0.0531
0.0568
0.0658
0.0734
0.0786
0.0844
0.0479
0.0513
0.0593
0.0661
0.0706
0.0758
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.0707
0.0827
0.0931
0.1001
0.1083
0.0647
0.0756
0.0849
0.0912
0.0985
0.0590
0.0688
0.0772
0.0828
0.0894
0.0539
0.0627
0.0702
0.0753
0.0811
0.0493
0.0573
0.0641
0.0687
0.0739
4.500
4.500
4.500
0.204
0.224
0.250
0.199
0.219
0.245
0.0799
0.0878
0.0980
0.0743
0.0815
0.0909
0.0690
0.0757
0.0843

External Pressure Multiplier

Point E - Metric Units
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Hole ID
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
25.400
25.400
25.400
25.400
2.210
2.413
2.591
2.769
2.083
2.286
2.464
2.642
0.1158
0.1260
0.1347
0.1433
0.0839
0.0908
0.0966
0.1023
0.0647
0.0698
0.0741
0.0782
0.0523
0.0563
0.0597
0.0629
0.0438
0.0471
0.0499
0.0525
0.0376
0.0404
0.0428
0.0450
0.0329
0.0354
0.0374
0.0393
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
1.905
2.032
2.210
2.413
2.591
2.769
2.997
3.175
3.404
3.962
4.445
1.778
1.905
2.083
2.286
2.464
2.642
2.870
3.048
3.277
3.835
4.318
0.0928
0.0992
0.1081
0.1182
0.1269
0.1356
0.1466
0.1551
0.1659
0.1918
0.2134
0.0714
0.0761
0.0826
0.0899
0.0962
0.1023
0.1100
0.1159
0.1233
0.1406
0.1547
0.0568
0.0604
0.0654
0.0709
0.0756
0.0803
0.0861
0.0904
0.0959
0.1085
0.1185
0.0466
0.0496
0.0536
0.0580
0.0618
0.0655
0.0700
0.0735
0.0777
0.0875
0.0952
0.0394
0.0419
0.0452
0.0489
0.0520
0.0550
0.0588
0.0616
0.0651
0.0731
0.0793
0.0341
0.0361
0.0390
0.0421
0.0448
0.0474
0.0506
0.0530
0.0559
0.0626
0.0679
0.0299
0.0318
0.0342
0.0370
0.0393
0.0415
0.0443
0.0464
0.0490
0.0548
0.0592
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
2.413
2.591
2.769
2.997
3.175
3.404
3.962
4.445
2.286
2.464
2.642
2.870
3.048
3.277
3.835
4.318
0.1085
0.1168
0.1250
0.1356
0.1438
0.1542
0.1796
0.2012
0.0867
0.0930
0.0992
0.1071
0.1132
0.1209
0.1393
0.1546
0.0702
0.0751
0.0800
0.0861
0.0908
0.0967
0.1105
0.1218
0.0583
0.0623
0.0662
0.0711
0.0749
0.0796
0.0905
0.0994
0.0496
0.0529
0.0562
0.0603
0.0634
0.0673
0.0763
0.0835
0.0430
0.0458
0.0486
0.0521
0.0548
0.0581
0.0657
0.0718
0.0379
0.0404
0.0428
0.0459
0.0482
0.0510
0.0576
0.0629
44.450
44.450
44.450
44.450
44.450
44.450
44.450
2.769
2.997
3.175
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
2.642
2.870
3.048
3.277
3.835
4.318
4.648
0.1144
0.1242
0.1318
0.1416
0.1655
0.1860
0.2000
0.0945
0.1023
0.1084
0.1160
0.1345
0.1501
0.1606
0.0782
0.0845
0.0893
0.0953
0.1098
0.1218
0.1298
0.0658
0.0709
0.0748
0.0798
0.0914
0.1010
0.1074
0.0564
0.0607
0.0640
0.0681
0.0778
0.0857
0.0909
0.0492
0.0528
0.0556
0.0592
0.0674
0.0742
0.0785
0.0435
0.0467
0.0491
0.0522
0.0594
0.0652
0.0690
50.800
50.800
50.800
50.800
50.800
50.800
50.800
2.769
2.997
3.175
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
2.642
2.870
3.048
3.277
3.835
4.318
4.648
0.0893
0.0968
0.1026
0.1101
0.1281
0.1435
0.1539
0.0757
0.0819
0.0867
0.0927
0.1073
0.1196
0.1279
0.0647
0.0699
0.0738
0.0789
0.0909
0.1009
0.1076
0.0560
0.0604
0.0638
0.0680
0.0781
0.0865
0.0921
0.0492
0.0530
0.0559
0.0595
0.0682
0.0754
0.0801
0.0437
0.0470
0.0496
0.0528
0.0604
0.0666
0.0707

External Pressure Multiplier (CONT)

Point E - Metric Units
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
mm
mm
mm
60.325
50.800
60.325
60.325
60.325
60.325
60.325
2.769
2.997
3.175
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
2.642
2.870
3.048
3.277
3.835
4.318
4.648
66.675
66.675
66.675
66.675
66.675
66.675
3.175
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
3.048
3.277
3.835
4.318
4.648
5.029
73.025
73.025
73.025
73.025
73.025
73.025
3.175
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
3.048
3.277
3.835
4.318
4.648
5.029
88.900
88.900
88.900
88.900
88.900
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
3.277
3.835
4.318
4.648
5.029
114.300
114.300
114.300
5.182
5.690
6.350
5.055
5.563
6.223
Hole ID
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
0.0814
0.0968
0.0938
0.1007
0.1176
0.1321
0.1420
0.0711
0.0819
0.0817
0.0876
0.1019
0.1141
0.1223
0.0621
0.0699
0.0712
0.0762
0.0883
0.0986
0.1055
0.0547
0.0604
0.0625
0.0668
0.0772
0.0859
0.0918
0.0485
0.0530
0.0553
0.0591
0.0682
0.0757
0.0808
0.0434
0.0470
0.0495
0.0528
0.0608
0.0674
0.0718
0.0881
0.0947
0.1107
0.1245
0.1340
0.1449
0.0781
0.0838
0.0977
0.1096
0.1177
0.1269
0.0690
0.0740
0.0860
0.0961
0.1030
0.1109
0.0612
0.0655
0.0759
0.0847
0.0906
0.0973
0.0546
0.0584
0.0675
0.0752
0.0804
0.0862
0.0491
0.0525
0.0606
0.0674
0.0719
0.0770
0.0828
0.0890
0.1042
0.1173
0.1263
0.1366
0.0746
0.0801
0.0935
0.1050
0.1128
0.1218
0.0667
0.0715
0.0833
0.0933
0.1001
0.1079
0.0597
0.0640
0.0743
0.0831
0.0890
0.0957
0.0537
0.0575
0.0666
0.0743
0.0795
0.0854
0.0485
0.0519
0.0601
0.0669
0.0716
0.0768
0.0711
0.0832
0.0936
0.1007
0.1089
0.0652
0.0761
0.0855
0.0919
0.0993
0.0596
0.0694
0.0779
0.0836
0.0902
0.0544
0.0633
0.0709
0.0761
0.0820
0.0499
0.0579
0.0648
0.0694
0.0747
0.0804
0.0884
0.0987
0.0749
0.0822
0.0917
0.0697
0.0764
0.0851
0.0976
0.1050
0.1231
0.1388
0.1495
0.1620

Compressive Load Multiplier

Point F - English Units
Wall Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Hole ID
2
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in2
in2
in2
in2
in2
in2
in2
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.082
0.090
0.097
0.104
0.1086
0.1172
0.1244
0.1313
0.0705
0.0759
0.0803
0.0847
0.0522
0.0561
0.0593
0.0625
0.0414
0.0445
0.0470
0.0495
0.0343
0.0369
0.0390
0.0410
0.0293
0.0315
0.0333
0.0350
0.0256
0.0275
0.0290
0.0305
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
0.075
0.080
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.070
0.075
0.082
0.090
0.097
0.104
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.1553
0.1652
0.1787
0.1938
0.2067
0.2192
0.2349
0.2468
0.2617
0.2959
0.3233
0.1011
0.1074
0.1159
0.1254
0.1334
0.1412
0.1509
0.1581
0.1671
0.1877
0.2038
0.0750
0.0796
0.0858
0.0927
0.0985
0.1041
0.1111
0.1163
0.1228
0.1374
0.1488
0.0596
0.0632
0.0681
0.0735
0.0781
0.0825
0.0879
0.0920
0.0970
0.1084
0.1172
0.0494
0.0524
0.0564
0.0609
0.0646
0.0683
0.0728
0.0761
0.0802
0.0895
0.0967
0.0422
0.0448
0.0482
0.0520
0.0552
0.0582
0.0620
0.0649
0.0684
0.0762
0.0822
0.0369
0.0391
0.0421
0.0453
0.0481
0.0508
0.0541
0.0565
0.0596
0.0664
0.0716
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.090
0.097
0.104
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.2898
0.3100
0.3299
0.3549
0.3740
0.3981
0.4548
0.5012
0.1874
0.2000
0.2123
0.2278
0.2395
0.2541
0.2881
0.3155
0.1385
0.1476
0.1565
0.1677
0.1761
0.1866
0.2108
0.2302
0.1098
0.1170
0.1240
0.1327
0.1392
0.1474
0.1663
0.1812
0.0910
0.0969
0.1026
0.1098
0.1152
0.1219
0.1372
0.1494
0.0777
0.0827
0.0875
0.0936
0.0982
0.1038
0.1168
0.1271
0.0678
0.0721
0.0763
0.0816
0.0855
0.0905
0.1017
0.1106
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.104
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.4633
0.4999
0.5280
0.5637
0.6485
0.7192
0.7662
0.2981
0.3206
0.3378
0.3595
0.4105
0.4522
0.4795
0.2197
0.2360
0.2484
0.2639
0.3002
0.3297
0.3489
0.1740
0.1867
0.1964
0.2085
0.2367
0.2595
0.2742
0.1440
0.1545
0.1624
0.1723
0.1953
0.2139
0.2259
0.1229
0.1317
0.1384
0.1468
0.1663
0.1819
0.1920
0.1071
0.1148
0.1206
0.1279
0.1448
0.1583
0.1670
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.104
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.3985
0.4295
0.4533
0.4834
0.5548
0.6139
0.6530
0.2937
0.3161
0.3332
0.3548
0.4057
0.4475
0.4750
0.2325
0.2500
0.2634
0.2802
0.3197
0.3520
0.3732
0.1925
0.2068
0.2178
0.2316
0.2638
0.2902
0.3073
0.1642
0.1764
0.1856
0.1973
0.2246
0.2468
0.2613
0.1431
0.1537
0.1618
0.1719
0.1955
0.2147
0.2272
* Multiply by the yield stress in pounds per square inch (psi) to obtain the compressive force in pounds.

Compressive Load Multiplier (CONT)

Point F - English Units
Wall Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Hole ID
2
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in2
in2
in2
in2
in2
in2
in2
in
in
in
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.104
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.5764
0.6228
0.6584
0.7038
0.8124
0.9034
0.9643
0.4248
0.4582
0.4839
0.5164
0.5938
0.6582
0.7010
0.3363
0.3625
0.3825
0.4078
0.4679
0.5177
0.5507
0.2783
0.2998
0.3162
0.3370
0.3861
0.4266
0.4534
0.2374
0.2556
0.2695
0.2871
0.3286
0.3628
0.3854
0.2070
0.2228
0.2349
0.2501
0.2860
0.3156
0.3351
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
0.125
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.120
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.8166
0.8738
1.0115
1.1278
1.2060
1.2947
0.6000
0.6411
0.7393
0.8215
0.8764
0.9384
0.4743
0.5063
0.5825
0.6461
0.6883
0.7359
0.3921
0.4183
0.4806
0.5324
0.5667
0.6053
0.3342
0.3564
0.4090
0.4527
0.4816
0.5141
0.2912
0.3104
0.3560
0.3938
0.4187
0.4467
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
0.125
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.120
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.9917
1.0623
1.2327
1.3773
1.4749
1.5861
0.7287
0.7793
0.9008
1.0030
1.0716
1.1493
0.5759
0.6154
0.7097
0.7887
0.8415
0.9011
0.4761
0.5084
0.5855
0.6499
0.6928
0.7411
0.4058
0.4331
0.4983
0.5526
0.5887
0.6294
0.3536
0.3773
0.4337
0.4806
0.5118
0.5469
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
1.1841
1.3746
1.5366
1.6460
1.7708
0.9349
1.0829
1.2080
1.2922
1.3880
0.7723
0.8932
0.9952
1.0637
1.1413
0.6579
0.7601
0.8461
0.9038
0.9691
0.5731
0.6616
0.7359
0.7857
0.8420
4.500
4.500
4.500
0.204
0.224
0.250
0.199
0.219
0.245
1.9712
2.1541
2.3878
1.6734
1.8269
2.0225
1.4538
1.5860
1.7541
10

Compressive Load Multiplier

Point F - Metric Units
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Hole ID
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
25.400
25.400
25.400
25.400
2.210
2.413
2.591
2.769
2.083
2.286
2.464
2.642
71.29
76.91
81.65
86.23
46.25
49.77
52.72
55.55
34.23
36.79
38.93
40.97
27.17
29.18
30.85
32.45
22.52
24.18
25.55
26.87
19.23
20.64
21.81
22.92
16.78
18.00
19.02
19.99
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
1.905
2.032
2.210
2.413
2.591
2.769
2.997
3.175
3.404
3.962
4.445
1.778
1.905
2.083
2.286
2.464
2.642
2.870
3.048
3.277
3.835
4.318
101.91
108.39
117.29
127.21
135.67
143.94
154.28
162.10
171.87
194.44
212.48
66.35
70.45
76.05
82.26
87.53
92.65
99.00
103.78
109.71
123.22
133.83
49.19
52.18
56.27
60.78
64.60
68.30
72.89
76.32
80.57
90.19
97.67
39.08
41.44
44.65
48.20
51.20
54.09
57.68
60.35
63.66
71.12
76.90
32.42
34.36
37.01
39.93
42.40
44.78
47.72
49.91
52.62
58.71
63.41
27.69
29.35
31.60
34.09
36.18
38.20
40.69
42.55
44.84
49.99
53.95
24.17
25.62
27.58
29.73
31.55
33.30
35.47
37.08
39.06
43.52
46.94
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
2.413
2.591
2.769
2.997
3.175
3.404
3.962
4.445
2.286
2.464
2.642
2.870
3.048
3.277
3.835
4.318
190.23
203.52
216.59
233.08
245.67
261.54
298.87
329.48
122.97
131.24
139.33
149.47
157.16
166.79
189.16
207.16
90.85
96.84
102.70
110.01
115.54
122.44
138.36
151.08
72.03
76.73
81.32
87.03
91.34
96.72
109.07
118.89
59.67
63.54
67.30
71.99
75.53
79.93
90.02
98.01
50.93
54.22
57.41
61.39
64.38
68.10
76.63
83.37
44.43
47.28
50.05
53.50
56.10
59.33
66.71
72.53
44.450
44.450
44.450
44.450
44.450
44.450
44.450
2.769
2.997
3.175
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
2.642
2.870
3.048
3.277
3.835
4.318
4.648
304.20
328.30
346.80
370.28
426.20
472.81
503.81
195.60
210.43
221.73
235.99
269.49
296.92
314.91
144.15
154.84
162.96
173.18
197.04
216.41
229.03
114.12
122.48
128.82
136.77
155.29
170.25
179.96
94.45
101.31
106.51
113.02
128.14
140.32
148.20
80.56
86.38
90.78
96.29
109.07
119.34
125.97
70.24
75.28
79.10
83.88
94.94
103.82
109.54
50.800
50.800
50.800
50.800
50.800
50.800
2.769
2.997
3.175
3.404
3.962
4.445
2.642
2.870
3.048
3.277
3.835
4.318
261.47
281.88
297.51
317.30
364.23
403.13
192.66
207.37
218.61
232.79
266.22
293.70
152.52
164.02
172.79
183.83
209.77
231.00
126.22
135.66
142.85
151.89
173.08
190.36
107.66
115.66
121.75
129.40
147.31
161.88
93.86
100.80
106.08
112.72
128.22
140.81
* Multiply by the yield stress in Mega Pascals to obtain the compressive force in Mega Newtons.
11

Compressive Load Multiplier (CONT)

Point F - Metric Units
Wall
Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Hole ID
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm
mm
mm
50.800
4.775
4.648
428.89
311.78
244.90
201.65
171.38
149.01
60.325
2.769
2.642
378.27
278.67
220.59
182.54
155.69
135.73
60.325
60.325
60.325
60.325
60.325
3.175
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
3.048
3.277
3.835
4.318
4.648
432.17
461.99
533.37
593.30
633.40
317.49
338.86
389.71
432.05
460.19
250.91
267.55
307.01
339.72
361.37
207.41
221.04
253.27
279.90
297.49
176.77
188.30
215.54
237.99
252.80
154.01
164.01
187.59
207.00
219.78
66.675
66.675
66.675
66.675
66.675
66.675
3.175
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
3.048
3.277
3.835
4.318
4.648
5.029
535.95
573.60
664.16
740.67
792.12
850.57
393.69
420.67
485.18
539.23
575.34
616.12
311.11
332.12
382.19
423.94
451.72
483.00
257.16
274.37
315.26
349.26
371.83
397.18
219.16
233.73
268.29
296.95
315.95
337.25
190.95
203.57
233.49
258.27
274.67
293.04
73.025
73.025
73.025
73.025
73.025
73.025
3.175
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
3.048
3.277
3.835
4.318
4.648
5.029
650.93
697.34
809.37
904.51
968.74
1,042.0
478.10
511.37
591.17
658.39
703.47
754.57
377.80
403.70
465.64
517.55
552.24
591.43
312.28
333.49
384.08
426.35
454.53
486.30
266.13
284.08
326.83
362.48
386.20
412.90
231.86
247.42
284.44
315.25
335.73
358.75
88.900
88.900
88.900
88.900
88.900
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
3.277
3.835
4.318
4.648
5.029
776.96
902.18
1,008.63
1,080.5
1,162.6
613.30
710.49
792.71
848.05
911.00
506.60
585.98
652.93
697.89
748.91
431.52
498.61
555.06
592.91
635.79
375.82
433.91
482.71
515.38
552.36
114.300
114.300
114.300
5.182
5.690
6.350
5.055
5.563
6.223
1,293.5
1,413.6
1,567.2
1,097.9
1,198.7
1,327.2
953.7
1,040.5
1,150.9
* Multiply by the yield stress in Mega Pascals to obtain the compressive force in Mega Newtons.
12

Internal Pressure Multiplier

Point G - English
Wall Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Hole ID
2
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.082
0.090
0.097
0.104
0.1277
0.1407
0.1521
0.1637
0.0998
0.1103
0.1196
0.1290
0.0805
0.0891
0.0968
0.1046
0.0669
0.0742
0.0806
0.0873
0.0571
0.0633
0.0689
0.0746
0.0496
0.0551
0.0600
0.0650
0.0439
0.0487
0.0531
0.0575
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
0.075
0.080
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.070
0.075
0.082
0.090
0.097
0.104
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.0961
0.1030
0.1128
0.1240
0.1339
0.1437
0.1565
0.1664
0.1793
0.2110
0.2387
0.0776
0.0834
0.0914
0.1007
0.1089
0.1171
0.1278
0.1362
0.1472
0.1744
0.1986
0.0638
0.0685
0.0753
0.0830
0.0899
0.0969
0.1059
0.1130
0.1223
0.1457
0.1668
0.0536
0.0576
0.0634
0.0700
0.0758
0.0818
0.0895
0.0957
0.1037
0.1240
0.1424
0.0460
0.0495
0.0544
0.0602
0.0652
0.0704
0.0771
0.0825
0.0895
0.1073
0.1236
0.0402
0.0433
0.0476
0.0526
0.0571
0.0616
0.0676
0.0723
0.0785
0.0943
0.1088
0.0356
0.0383
0.0422
0.0467
0.0507
0.0547
0.0600
0.0643
0.0698
0.0840
0.0971
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.090
0.097
0.104
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.1105
0.1192
0.1279
0.1391
0.1478
0.1590
0.1865
0.2104
0.0926
0.1000
0.1074
0.1170
0.1245
0.1342
0.1582
0.1792
0.0779
0.0842
0.0906
0.0988
0.1052
0.1136
0.1344
0.1529
0.0665
0.0719
0.0774
0.0845
0.0901
0.0974
0.1156
0.1319
0.0576
0.0624
0.0672
0.0734
0.0784
0.0848
0.1008
0.1152
0.0507
0.0549
0.0592
0.0647
0.0691
0.0748
0.0891
0.1020
0.0452
0.0489
0.0527
0.0577
0.0616
0.0667
0.0796
0.0912
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.104
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.1149
0.1248
0.1326
0.1426
0.1670
0.1882
0.2026
0.0990
0.1077
0.1145
0.1233
0.1449
0.1637
0.1767
0.0850
0.0926
0.0986
0.1062
0.1252
0.1419
0.1534
0.0736
0.0803
0.0855
0.0922
0.1090
0.1237
0.1340
0.0644
0.0703
0.0749
0.0809
0.0958
0.1090
0.1182
0.0571
0.0623
0.0664
0.0718
0.0851
0.0969
0.1052
0.0511
0.0558
0.0595
0.0643
0.0763
0.0870
0.0946
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.104
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.0916
0.0996
0.1058
0.1139
0.1336
0.1507
0.1625
0.0800
0.0871
0.0926
0.0997
0.1173
0.1326
0.1431
0.0701
0.0764
0.0812
0.0876
0.1032
0.1169
0.1264
0.0619
0.0675
0.0718
0.0775
0.0914
0.1037
0.1123
0.0552
0.0602
0.0641
0.0691
0.0817
0.0928
0.1005
0.0496
0.0541
0.0576
0.0622
0.0736
0.0837
0.0907
* Multiply by the yield stress to obtain the internal pressure (in the same units as the yield stress)
13

Internal Pressure Multiplier (CONT)

Point G - English
Wall Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Hole ID
2
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
2.375
2.000
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.104
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.0820
0.0996
0.0947
0.1018
0.1193
0.1344
0.1448
0.0732
0.0871
0.0846
0.0911
0.1069
0.1206
0.1300
0.0653
0.0764
0.0755
0.0813
0.0956
0.1080
0.1165
0.0584
0.0675
0.0676
0.0728
0.0857
0.0969
0.1047
0.0525
0.0602
0.0609
0.0656
0.0773
0.0875
0.0946
0.0476
0.0541
0.0551
0.0595
0.0701
0.0795
0.0859
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
0.125
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.120
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.0883
0.0949
0.1112
0.1252
0.1348
0.1459
0.0799
0.0859
0.1008
0.1136
0.1224
0.1326
0.0720
0.0775
0.0910
0.1027
0.1107
0.1201
0.0650
0.0700
0.0822
0.0929
0.1003
0.1088
0.0589
0.0634
0.0746
0.0843
0.0911
0.0989
0.0536
0.0577
0.0680
0.0769
0.0831
0.0903
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
0.125
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.120
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.0826
0.0888
0.1040
0.1171
0.1260
0.1364
0.0755
0.0812
0.0952
0.1073
0.1156
0.1251
0.0687
0.0739
0.0867
0.0978
0.1054
0.1143
0.0625
0.0672
0.0789
0.0891
0.0961
0.1043
0.0569
0.0613
0.0720
0.0814
0.0878
0.0953
0.0521
0.0561
0.0660
0.0746
0.0805
0.0874
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.0712
0.0833
0.0938
0.1010
0.1093
0.0660
0.0773
0.0871
0.0938
0.1016
0.0610
0.0715
0.0807
0.0869
0.0941
0.0564
0.0661
0.0746
0.0804
0.0872
0.0522
0.0612
0.0691
0.0745
0.0808
4.500
4.500
4.500
0.204
0.224
0.250
0.199
0.219
0.245
0.0813
0.0895
0.1002
0.0766
0.0844
0.0945
0.0721
0.0794
0.0890
14

Internal Pressure Multiplier

Point G - Metric Units
Wall Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Hole ID
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.082
0.090
0.097
0.104
0.1277
0.1407
0.1521
0.1637
0.0998
0.1103
0.1196
0.1290
0.0805
0.0891
0.0968
0.1046
0.0669
0.0742
0.0806
0.0873
0.0571
0.0633
0.0689
0.0746
0.0496
0.0551
0.0600
0.0650
0.0439
0.0487
0.0531
0.0575
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
0.075
0.080
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.070
0.075
0.082
0.090
0.097
0.104
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.0961
0.1030
0.1128
0.1240
0.1339
0.1437
0.1565
0.1664
0.1793
0.2110
0.2387
0.0776
0.0834
0.0914
0.1007
0.1089
0.1171
0.1278
0.1362
0.1472
0.1744
0.1986
0.0638
0.0685
0.0753
0.0830
0.0899
0.0969
0.1059
0.1130
0.1223
0.1457
0.1668
0.0536
0.0576
0.0634
0.0700
0.0758
0.0818
0.0895
0.0957
0.1037
0.1240
0.1424
0.0460
0.0495
0.0544
0.0602
0.0652
0.0704
0.0771
0.0825
0.0895
0.1073
0.1236
0.0402
0.0433
0.0476
0.0526
0.0571
0.0616
0.0676
0.0723
0.0785
0.0943
0.1088
0.0356
0.0383
0.0422
0.0467
0.0507
0.0547
0.0600
0.0643
0.0698
0.0840
0.0971
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.090
0.097
0.104
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.1105
0.1192
0.1279
0.1391
0.1478
0.1590
0.1865
0.2104
0.0926
0.1000
0.1074
0.1170
0.1245
0.1342
0.1582
0.1792
0.0779
0.0842
0.0906
0.0988
0.1052
0.1136
0.1344
0.1529
0.0665
0.0719
0.0774
0.0845
0.0901
0.0974
0.1156
0.1319
0.0576
0.0624
0.0672
0.0734
0.0784
0.0848
0.1008
0.1152
0.0507
0.0549
0.0592
0.0647
0.0691
0.0748
0.0891
0.1020
0.0452
0.0489
0.0527
0.0577
0.0616
0.0667
0.0796
0.0912
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.104
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.1149
0.1248
0.1326
0.1426
0.1670
0.1882
0.2026
0.0990
0.1077
0.1145
0.1233
0.1449
0.1637
0.1767
0.0850
0.0926
0.0986
0.1062
0.1252
0.1419
0.1534
0.0736
0.0803
0.0855
0.0922
0.1090
0.1237
0.1340
0.0644
0.0703
0.0749
0.0809
0.0958
0.1090
0.1182
0.0571
0.0623
0.0664
0.0718
0.0851
0.0969
0.1052
0.0511
0.0558
0.0595
0.0643
0.0763
0.0870
0.0946
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.104
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.0916
0.0996
0.1058
0.1139
0.1336
0.1507
0.1625
0.0800
0.0871
0.0926
0.0997
0.1173
0.1326
0.1431
0.0701
0.0764
0.0812
0.0876
0.1032
0.1169
0.1264
0.0619
0.0675
0.0718
0.0775
0.0914
0.1037
0.1123
0.0552
0.0602
0.0641
0.0691
0.0817
0.0928
0.1005
0.0496
0.0541
0.0576
0.0622
0.0736
0.0837
0.0907
15

Internal Pressure Multiplier (CONT)

Point G - Metric Units
Wall Thickness
OD
Nom.
Min.
Hole ID
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
2.375
2.000
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.104
0.113
0.120
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.0820
0.0996
0.0947
0.1018
0.1193
0.1344
0.1448
0.0732
0.0871
0.0846
0.0911
0.1069
0.1206
0.1300
0.0653
0.0764
0.0755
0.0813
0.0956
0.1080
0.1165
0.0584
0.0675
0.0676
0.0728
0.0857
0.0969
0.1047
0.0525
0.0602
0.0609
0.0656
0.0773
0.0875
0.0946
0.0476
0.0541
0.0551
0.0595
0.0701
0.0795
0.0859
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
0.125
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.120
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.0883
0.0949
0.1112
0.1252
0.1348
0.1459
0.0799
0.0859
0.1008
0.1136
0.1224
0.1326
0.0720
0.0775
0.0910
0.1027
0.1107
0.1201
0.0650
0.0700
0.0822
0.0929
0.1003
0.1088
0.0589
0.0634
0.0746
0.0843
0.0911
0.0989
0.0536
0.0577
0.0680
0.0769
0.0831
0.0903
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
0.125
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.120
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.0826
0.0888
0.1040
0.1171
0.1260
0.1364
0.0755
0.0812
0.0952
0.1073
0.1156
0.1251
0.0687
0.0739
0.0867
0.0978
0.1054
0.1143
0.0625
0.0672
0.0789
0.0891
0.0961
0.1043
0.0569
0.0613
0.0720
0.0814
0.0878
0.0953
0.0521
0.0561
0.0660
0.0746
0.0805
0.0874
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.129
0.151
0.170
0.183
0.198
0.0712
0.0833
0.0938
0.1010
0.1093
0.0660
0.0773
0.0871
0.0938
0.1016
0.0610
0.0715
0.0807
0.0869
0.0941
0.0564
0.0661
0.0746
0.0804
0.0872
0.0522
0.0612
0.0691
0.0745
0.0808
4.500
4.500
4.500
0.204
0.224
0.250
0.199
0.219
0.245
0.0813
0.0895
0.1002
0.0766
0.0844
0.0945
0.0721
0.0794
0.0890
16

Coiled Tubing Fatigue

In a typical application CT experiences 3 bending and 3 unbending events in one trip into
and out of a well:
1. Unbending off of the reel,
2. Bending over the guide arch (while RIH),
3. Unbending off of the guide arch (RIH),
4. Bending over the guide arch (while POOH),
5. Unbending off of the guide arch (when POOH),
6. Bending onto the reel.
Note that 4 of these bending events involve the guide arch and 2 involve the reel. Thus, in a
typical situation, more fatigue damage is done at the guide arch than at the reel.
The primary factors that affect the fatigue life are:
CT diameter
CT material
CT wall thickness
pressure in the CT while it is being bent
welds in the CT
radius of bending at the reel
radius of bending at the guide arch
tension in the CT while bending
rotation of the CT between bends
CT surface finish, internal and external
previous fatigue history
Calculating the fatigue life is very complex, and thus must be done with computer modeling.
Three major fatigue models have been developed to determine the fatigue life of CT.
These models have been developed by:
S. Tipton University of Tulsa
V. Avakov Halliburton
BJ/Nowsco
The model developed by Tipton is used in the CTES Cerberus (non-Halliburton) software
and the Schlumberger Dowell software. The Avakov model is used in the CTES Cerberus
(Halliburton), Maurer and Medco software. The BJ/Nowsco model is exclusive to BJ.
This section includes a series of graphs produced using the Tipton model in the CTES Cerberus software. These graphs show the number of trips to failure. In a trip, the section
of CT of interest experiences the 3 bending and 3 unbending events listed above. Failure
for most of these graphs is defined as crack initiation, when the first cracking would begin
to occur in the surface of the CT material. The Varying Failure Criterion graph shows a
comparison of this crack initiation failure criterion with a pressure loss failure criterion
where the crack has propagated through the wall thickness and pressure is lost through a
pin-hole or through crack. No safety factor has been included in these graphs.
These graphs provide a qualitative understanding of the fatigue life and how it varies as the
various parameters are varied. In actual field operations, the pressure is not constant for the
entire life of the CT. Thus these graphs cannot be used to determine the actual life of a section of CT used in the field. The computer models must be used to determine the actual
fatigue life.

Varying Materials
250
Grade 70 (70 kpsi yield)
Trips to Crack Iniation
200

150
100
50
0
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
Pressure (psi)
CT Diameter
Wall Thickness
Reel Diameter
Guide Arch Radius
Material Grade (yield Stress)
Failure Criterion
1.75 in
0.134 in
84 in
72 in
80 kpsi
Varies
Varying Failure Criterion

250
Crack Initiation
200
Pressure Loss
150
100
50
0
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
Pressure (psi)
CT Diameter
Wall Thickness
Reel Diameter
Guide Arch Radius
Failure Criterion
1.75 in
0.109 in
84 in
72 in
Varies
Crack Initiation
5,000

Coiled Tubing Diameters 1.00" - 1.75"

500
450
1.00 in
1.25 in
1.50 in
1.75 in
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
Pressure (psi)
CT Diameter
Wall Thickness
Reel Diameter
Guide Arch Radius
Failure Criterion
Varies
0.109 in
84 in
50 in
80 kpsi
Crack Initiation

300
1.50 in
1.75 in
2.00 in
2.375 in
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
Pressure (psi)
CT Diameter
Wall Thickness
Reel Diameter
Guide Arch Radius
Failure Criterion
Varies
0.134 in
84 in
72 in
80 kpsi
Crack Initiation
4,000
5,000


250
2.00 in
2.375 in
2.875 in
3.5 in
4.5 in
200
150
100
50
0
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
Pressure (psi)
CT Diameter
Wall Thickness
Reel Diameter
Guide Arch Radius
Failure Criterion
Varies
0.175 in
84 in
120 in
80 kpsi
Crack Initiation
Varying Wall Thickness

200
0.095 in
0.109 in
0.125 in
0.134 in
0.156 in
0.175 in
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
Pressure (psi)
CT Diameter
Wall Thickness
Reel Diameter
Guide Arch Radius
Failure Criterion
1.75 in
Varies
84 in
72 in
80 kpsi
Crack Initiation
4,000
5,000

Varying Reel Diameter

300
72 in
84 in
250
96 in
108 in
200
120 in
150
100
50
0
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
Pressure (psi)
CT Diameter
Wall Thickness
Reel Diameter
Guide Arch Radius
Failure Criterion
1.75 in
0.134 in
Varies
72 in
80 kpsi
Crack Initiation
Varying Guide Arch Radius

300
48 in
250
72 in
90 in
200
120 in
150
100
50
0
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
Pressure (psi)
CT Diameter
Wall Thickness
Reel Diameter
Guide Arch Radius
Failure Criterion
1.75 in
0.109 in
84 in
Varies
80 kpsi
Crack Initiation
4,000
5,000


Depth Correction & Stuck Point

There are four things which change the depth of CT in the well compared to the measured
length of CT at surface:
1. Stretch due to axial load
2. Thermal elongation
3. Elongation due to pressure differential
4. Shortening due to helical buckling
Each of these depth corrections is discussed below, followed by a discussion of stuck point
calculations.
Stretch due to Axial Load. The depth measurement systems used at surface may or
may not account for some of the stretch in the CT due to the axial load depending on the
location of the friction wheel. The axial load in the CT (sometimes called the "real axial
force") varies as the pressure inside and outside the CT varies. The stretch included in the
depth measurement depends upon the axial load in the CT under the friction wheel when
the measurement is being made.
CT stretch is much more complicated than stretch of conventional tubulars because of the
residual bending stresses in the CT. The following figure shows the stretch, which occurs as
a piece of CT is loaded from zero to 80% of its yield load, and then the load is released.
Stretch (ft/1,000 ft)
5.0
4.0
elastic
plastic > Ft
3.0
2.0
1.0
plastic < Ft
0.0
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
Axial Force (lb)

There are three portions of this stretch curve which must be considered:
1. During the initial loading from zero to the "transition load", Ft, the CT stretches at one
slope which includes some plastic deformation. The slope of this portion of the curve is
found in the "Plastic Stretch" table under "Stretch < Ft"
2. When the load becomes greater than Pt the slope of the stretch increases, with
increased plastic deformation. The slope of this portion of the curve is found in the
"Plastic Stretch" table under "Stretch >Ft"

3. When the load is released at any point along the loading curve, the stretch decreases
along the elastic curve, which has less slope than either of the plastic curves. The
slope of this portion of the curve is found in the "Coiled Tubing Performance Data" table
under Elastic Stretch. When the load is fully released there is still some remaining
stretch or elongation in the CT. If a load is applied again it will follow the elastic curve.
When the CT is bent again on surface, some or all of this elongation will be removed.
The above discussion applies to compressive loads as well as tensile loads. Note that the
plastic stretch values depend upon the bending radius that the CT was last bent to on surface. Usually this is the radius of the guide arch.
Example stretch calculation:
A 1,000 ft section of 1.5" diameter, 0.109" wall, 80,000 psi yield CT has been bent
around a 48" radius and straightened. (Note that these are the values used to create
the above figure). From the Plastic Stretch table and Coiled Tubing Performance Data
table obtain the following values:
Transition load (Ft) 21,551 lb

Elastic Stretch 0.0778 ft/1,000 ft per 1,000 lb
Plastic Stretch <Ft 0.1298 ft/1,000 ft per 1,000 lb
Plastic Stretch >Ft 0.1940 ft/1,000 ft per 1,000 lb
Each of the following is a stretch calculation based upon these values. Note that this
sequence of loads must be applied in this order, as some of the stretch calculations
depend on previous load steps. Also note that this exact sequence can be done in
compression, in which case all of the load and stretch numbers would be negative.
1. An axial load (Fa) of 10,000 lb is applied to this 1,000 ft section of CT. Since Fa is
less than Pt, only the 0.1298 stretch factor is needed. The stretch is this value multiplied by 10 (for 10 thousand lbs) which gives a stretch of 1.298 ft
2. The above axial load is released, so Fa=0. When the load is released the CT shortens elastically. The elastic stretch factor multiplied by 10 is 0.778 ft. The remaining
stretch (or elongation) once the load is released is 1.298-0.778 = 0.542 ft.
3. A load of 10,000 lb is applied again. The CT stretches elastically to 1.298 ft again.
4. The load is increased to 25,000 lbs. Until the transition load the stretch is 0.1298
multiplied by 21.551 (the transition load is 21.551 thousand lb) which gives a stretch at
the transition load of 2.797 ft. The remaining load (25,000 - 21,551 = 3,449lb) causes
stretching to occur at the 0.194 rate for an additional stretch of 0.669 ft. The total
stretch is 2.797 + 0.669 = 3.466 ft.
5. The load is released. The elastic shortening is 0.0778 * 25 = 1.945 ft. The remaining
elongation once the load is released is 3.466-1.945 = 1.521 ft
Elongation due to Temperature. The elongation due to temperature is simply the

change in temperature multiplied by an expansion coefficient. The expansion coefficients
are:
For degrees Fahrenheit the expansion coefficient is 6.5 X 10-6

For degrees Centigrade the expansion coefficient is 3.61 X 10-6
Example Thermal Elongation Calculation

A 1,000 ft. section of CT is 100F at surface and 350F downhole. The change in temperature is 250F. The elongation is 250 X 6.5 X 10-6 X 1,000 = 1.625 ft.
2

Elongation due to Pressure Differential. Changes in internal and external pressure

cause changes in the axial force in the CT. The axial force used to calculate the axial stretch
of the CT must take these pressures into account. When they are accounted for correctly in
the axial force calculation, the stretch due to the pressure differential is already included in
the stretch calculation for axial force discussed previously.
There is another elongation effect caused by pressure, known as the Poisson effect. However, this effect is very small, and can be neglected.
Shortening due to Helical Buckling. Sometimes when CT is in compression it buckles into a helical shape in the hole. Though the CT itself does not change length, the length
it occupies in the well is shorter when it is in a helical shape. This apparent shortening of the
CT affects the depth of the end of the CT.
Helical buckling of the CT is quite complicated. The Period and Shortening Due to Helical
Buckling table is only for a hole that is horizontal with no curvature. The Helical Buckling
Load (HBL) values are the compressive effective axial forces at which the CT will buckle
into a helix ignoring friction affects. The effective axial force is different from the real axial
force in that it does not include the effects of pressure. Given the real axial force and the
internal and external pressures, the effective axial force can be calculated using the equation given later under equations.
The HBL depends upon the buoyant weight of the CT, which in turn depends on the density
of the fluids inside and outside the CT. Two values are given in the attached table for the
HBL. The first (air) assumes that the fluids inside and outside the CT have negligible density. The second (water) assumes that a salt water with a density of 8.6 lb/gal is inside and
outside the CT.
Example Shortening due to Helical Bucking Calculation
A 1,000 ft long section of 1.5 diameter, 0.109 wall is in a horizontal wellbore with a 4
ID which is filled with saltwater. There is an effective compressive axial load of 5,000 lb
in the CT section, which is greater than the HBL of 1,083 lb from the table. Thus the
CT is buckled into a helix with a period of 18.5 ft. The length change of 0.624 means
that the shortening due to the helical buckling is 0.624 ft for this 1,000 ft section.
Stuck Point Calculation. When CT becomes stuck in a well it may be desirable to
determine at what depth the CT is stuck, known as the stuck point. To calculate the stuck
point the operator must follow this procedure:
1. Pull on the CT to the maximum weight the operator is allowed to pull which is typically 80% of the yield load.
2. Release to some lower weight at which the CT is still in tension all the way to the
stuck point. The change in depth as the weight is slacked off from the maximum weight
to the lower weight must be accurately measured. This change in depth (or length) will
be called sp.
It is important that the testing be done in this way because it causes sp to occur in the elastic range of the CT. The change in weight and sp can now be used to back calculate the
length of CT, which corresponds to the depth of the stuck point. This calculation procedure
only works for vertical wells and non-tapered CT strings. For more complicated well and CT
geometrys, a computer model must be used.
Example Stuck Point Calculation
1.5 diameter, 0.109 wall CT is stuck in a vertical well. The operator pulls to weight of
30,000 lb and then slacks-off to a weight of 20,000 lb, causing a change in axial load of
10,000 lb. The sp is measured to be 4.12 ft.

The elastic stretch coefficient for this CT, discussed in the axial load example above, is
0.0777 ft/1,000 ft per 1,000 lb of load. In this calculation the change in load is 10,000
lb, so the elastic stretch is 0.777 ft/1,000 ft. Dividing sp by 0.777 yields 5.302. Thus
the stuck point is calculated to be at a depth of 5,302 ft.
Equations
The effective axial force is calculated from the real axial force with the following equation:
Fe = Fa Pi A i + Po A o
The plastic stretch coefficients are calculated using the following equations developed by K.
Newman of CTES, L.C. The radius at which yielding begins when the CT is bent is:
ry =
R b y
E
Three geometric values required to calculate the area of yielding are:
r
r
o = arcsin y i = arcsin y
ro
ri
= ro2 o ri2 i + ro ri sin( i o )
The transition load defined in reference 1 is calculated using a = 1.0:
Ft = y ( 12 A + )
The elastic stretch is:
af =
Fa L
AE
a varies between 1 and 2. For this handbook a=1.5 was used for the following equations.
The plastic stretch for axial loads less than the transition load is:
af =
Fa L
( A2 + ) E

For axial loads above the transition load the plastic stretch is:
af =
( Fa Ft ) L
Ft L
+
( A2 + ) E ( A2 ) E
The plastic stretch values in the table use an axial force of 1,000 lb or 1,000 kg and a length
of 1,000 ft. or 1,000 meters.
The helical buckling load for CT in a horizontal hole without friction is:
HBL = 2
2 EIWb
rc
The period of the helix is:
= 2
2EI
Fe
The change in length due to the helix is:
2 r 2
c
hb = L
+
1 1


Nomenclature
AI
= cross sectional area of the inside of the CT
Ao
= cross sectional area of the outside of the CT
= modulus of elasticity - 27 x 106 psi used for tables
Fe
= effective axial force
Fa
= real axial force
Ft
= transition load
= CT moment of inertia = (ro4 - ri4)/4
L
PI
= length of the CT section
Po
= external pressure
rI
= internal radius of the CT
ro
= external radius of the CT
rc
= radial clearance between wellbore and CT
Rb
= radius of bending at surface, typically the guide arch radius
t
af
= internal pressure
= wall thickness of the CT = ro-rI

= stretch due to axial force
sp = stretch used for stuck point calculation

hb = change in length due to the helical shape when CT is buckled
= geometric area
= geometric angle
= geometric angle
= period of helix
= Poissons ratio (0.3 for steel)
= Ration of outside diameter divided by wall thickness
References
Newman, K., Sathuvalli, U., Wolhart, S.: Elongation of Coiled Tubing During its Life, SPE
38408, SPE/ICoTA North American Coiled Tubing Roundtable, April 1-3, 1997
Plastic Stretch
Grade 70
CT OD
Rb
Wall
(mm)
(in)
(mm)
(in)
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
25.400
25.400
25.400
25.400
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
2.210
2.413
2.591
2.769
36
36
36
36
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
25.400
25.400
25.400
25.400
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
2.210
2.413
2.591
2.769
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
25.400
25.400
25.400
25.400
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
1.250
1.250
1.250
31.750
31.750
31.750
Ft
(mm)
Stretch <Ft
(kg)
(ft *)
1.42
1.42
1.42
1.42
9,879
10,704
11,414
12,114
4,481
4,855
5,177
5,495
0.2477
0.2285
0.2142
0.2017
0.0755
0.0696
0.0653
0.0615
0.3703
0.3429
0.3225
0.3048
0.1129
0.1045
0.0983
0.0929
48
48
48
48
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
10,269
11,130
11,872
12,604
4,658
5,049
5,385
5,717
0.2341
0.2158
0.2022
0.1904
0.0713
0.0658
0.0616
0.0580
0.4057
0.3761
0.3541
0.3351
0.1236
0.1146
0.1079
0.1021
2.210
2.413
2.591
2.769
72
72
72
72
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
11,077
12,014
12,822
13,620
5,024
5,449
5,816
6,178
0.2089
0.1924
0.1801
0.1694
0.0637
0.0586
0.0549
0.0516
0.5125
0.4772
0.4511
0.4286
0.1562
0.1455
0.1375
0.1306
0.095
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
2.413
2.769
2.997
3.404
3.962
48
48
48
48
48
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
13,733
15,590
16,760
18,798
21,508
6,229
7,071
7,602
8,527
9,756
0.1777
0.1564
0.1454
0.1295
0.1131
0.0541
0.0477
0.0443
0.0395
0.0345
0.2719
0.2407
0.2246
0.2014
0.1775
0.0829
0.0734
0.0684
0.0614
0.0541
0.095
0.109
0.118
2.413
2.769
2.997
72
72
72
2.83
2.83
2.83
14,593
16,578
17,831
6,619
7,520
8,088
0.1625
0.1429
0.1328
0.0495
0.0436
0.0405
0.3171
0.2816
0.2633
0.0967
0.0858
0.0803
*Feet of stretch when 1,000 lbs of force is applied to a section 1,000 ft long.
** Meters of stretch when 1,000 kg of force is applied to a section 1,000 m long.
(m **)
Stretch >Ft
(lb)
(ft *)
(m **)

(in)
Grade 70
CT OD
Rb
Wall
(in)
Ft
(mm)
(lb)
Stretch <Ft
(mm)
(in)
(mm)
1.250
1.250
31.750
31.750
0.134
0.156
3.404
3.962
72
72
2.83
2.83
20,015
22,928
9,079
10,400
0.1181
0.1029
0.0360
0.0314
0.2371
0.2101
0.0723
0.0641
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
0.095
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
2.413
2.769
2.997
3.404
3.962
100
100
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
15,642
17,784
19,139
21,505
24,671
7,095
8,067
8,681
9,755
11,191
0.1461
0.1282
0.1190
0.1056
0.0917
0.0445
0.0391
0.0363
0.0322
0.0280
0.4061
0.3634
0.3416
0.3106
0.2796
0.1238
0.1108
0.1041
0.0947
0.0852
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
0.095
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
2.413
2.769
2.997
3.404
3.962
48
48
48
48
48
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
16,340
18,581
19,998
22,475
25,788
7,412
8,428
9,071
10,194
11,697
0.1508
0.1326
0.1231
0.1095
0.0954
0.0460
0.0404
0.0375
0.0334
0.0291
0.2131
0.1880
0.1751
0.1564
0.1370
0.0650
0.0573
0.0534
0.0477
0.0418
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
0.095
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
2.413
2.769
2.997
3.404
3.962
72
72
72
72
72
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
17,189
19,556
21,054
23,674
27,186
7,797
8,870
9,550
10,739
12,331
0.1401
0.1230
0.1142
0.1015
0.0883
0.0427
0.0375
0.0348
0.0309
0.0269
0.2391
0.2112
0.1969
0.1762
0.1548
0.0729
0.0644
0.0600
0.0537
0.0472
1.750
1.750
1.750
44.450
44.450
44.450
0.109
0.118
0.134
2.769
2.997
3.404
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
23,693
25,534
28,762
10,747
11,582
13,046
0.1003
0.0930
0.0825
0.0306
0.0283
0.0251
0.1923
0.1791
0.1601
0.0586
0.0546
0.0488
(kg)
(ft *)
(m **)
Stretch >Ft
(in)
(ft *)
(m **)

Plastic Stretch (CONT)

Grade 70
CT OD
Rb
Wall
(in)
Ft
(mm)
(lb)
Stretch <Ft
(in)
(mm)
(ft *)
(m **)
(ft *)
(m **)
1.750
1.750
44.450
44.450
0.156
0.175
3.962
4.445
100
100
3.94
3.94
33,110
36,781
15,019
16,684
0.0716
0.0644
0.0218
0.0196
0.1404
0.1275
0.0428
0.0389
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
44.450
44.450
44.450
44.450
44.450
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
0.175
2.769
2.997
3.404
3.962
4.445
120
120
120
120
120
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
24,538
26,449
29,803
34,324
38,146
11,130
11,997
13,518
15,569
17,303
0.0952
0.0882
0.0782
0.0678
0.0609
0.0290
0.0269
0.0238
0.0207
0.0186
0.2144
0.2000
0.1792
0.1577
0.1436
0.0654
0.0610
0.0546
0.0481
0.0438
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
50.800
50.800
50.800
50.800
50.800
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
72
72
72
72
72
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
31,020
35,736
39,723
42,406
45,455
14,070
16,210
18,018
19,235
20,618
0.0790
0.0685
0.0616
0.0577
0.0538
0.0241
0.0209
0.0188
0.0176
0.0164
0.1170
0.1020
0.0921
0.0865
0.0810
0.0357
0.0311
0.0281
0.0264
0.0247
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
50.800
50.800
50.800
50.800
50.800
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
100
100
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
32,423
37,371
41,559
44,379
47,587
14,707
16,951
18,851
20,130
21,585
0.0740
0.0642
0.0577
0.0540
0.0503
0.0226
0.0196
0.0176
0.0164
0.0153
0.1298
0.1134
0.1026
0.0965
0.0904
0.0396
0.0346
0.0313
0.0294
0.0276
2.375
2.375
2.375
60.325
60.325
60.325
0.134
0.156
0.175
3.404
3.962
4.445
72
72
72
2.83
2.83
2.83
36,537
42,159
46,929
16,573
19,123
21,287
0.0676
0.0586
0.0526
0.0206
0.0179
0.0160
0.0936
0.0813
0.0732
0.0285
0.0248
0.0223

(mm)
(kg)
Stretch >Ft
(in)
Grade 70
CT OD
Rb
Wall
(in)
Ft
(mm)
(lb)
Stretch <Ft
10
(mm)
(in)
(mm)
2.375
60.325
0.188
4.775
72
2.83
50,146
22,746
0.0492
0.0150
0.0687
0.0209
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
60.325
60.325
60.325
60.325
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
100
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
37,927
43,778
48,746
52,099
17,204
19,858
22,111
23,632
0.0641
0.0555
0.0498
0.0466
0.0195
0.0169
0.0152
0.0142
0.1014
0.0882
0.0795
0.0746
0.0309
0.0269
0.0242
0.0227
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
60.325
60.325
60.325
60.325
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
120
120
120
120
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
38,934
44,950
50,061
53,513
17,660
20,389
22,708
24,273
0.0617
0.0534
0.0479
0.0448
0.0188
0.0163
0.0146
0.0136
0.1081
0.0941
0.0849
0.0797
0.0329
0.0287
0.0259
0.0243
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
66.675
66.675
66.675
66.675
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
100
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
48,056
53,544
57,253
61,488
21,798
24,287
25,970
27,891
0.0508
0.0456
0.0426
0.0397
0.0155
0.0139
0.0130
0.0121
0.0769
0.0692
0.0649
0.0606
0.0234
0.0211
0.0198
0.0185
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
66.675
66.675
66.675
66.675
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
120
120
120
120
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
49,220
54,851
58,658
63,004
22,326
24,880
26,607
28,579
0.0491
0.0440
0.0412
0.0383
0.0150
0.0134
0.0125
0.0117
0.0813
0.0732
0.0686
0.0641
0.0248
0.0223
0.0209
0.0195
2.625
2.625
66.675
66.675
0.156
0.175
3.962
4.445
150
150
5.91
5.91
50,992
56,840
23,130
25,782
0.0466
0.0418
0.0142
0.0127
0.0892
0.0804
0.0272
0.0245
(kg)
(ft *)
(m **)
Stretch >Ft
(in)
(ft *)
(m **)


Grade 70
CT OD
Rb
Wall
(in)
Ft
(mm)
(lb)
Stretch <Ft
11
(in)
(mm)
(ft *)
(m **)
(ft *)
(m **)
2.625
2.625
66.675
66.675
0.188
0.203
4.775
5.156
150
150
5.91
5.91
60,796
65,315
27,577
29,627
0.0390
0.0363
0.0119
0.0111
0.0755
0.0705
0.0230
0.0215
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
73.025
73.025
73.025
73.025
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
100
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
52,337
58,346
62,412
67,057
23,740
26,465
28,310
30,417
0.0469
0.0421
0.0393
0.0366
0.0143
0.0128
0.0120
0.0112
0.0682
0.0613
0.0574
0.0535
0.0208
0.0187
0.0175
0.0163
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
73.025
73.025
73.025
73.025
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
120
120
120
120
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
53,495
59,646
63,809
68,566
24,265
27,055
28,943
31,101
0.0454
0.0407
0.0381
0.0354
0.0139
0.0124
0.0116
0.0108
0.0715
0.0644
0.0603
0.0562
0.0218
0.0196
0.0184
0.0171
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
73.025
73.025
73.025
73.025
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
150
150
150
150
5.91
5.91
5.91
5.91
55,253
61,619
65,930
70,857
25,063
27,950
29,906
32,141
0.0433
0.0388
0.0363
0.0338
0.0132
0.0118
0.0111
0.0103
0.0775
0.0697
0.0654
0.0610
0.0236
0.0213
0.0199
0.0186
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
88.900
88.900
88.900
88.900
0.175
0.203
0.224
0.236
4.445
5.156
5.690
5.994
120
120
120
120
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
71,648
82,488
90,505
95,042
32,499
37,416
41,053
43,111
0.0343
0.0298
0.0271
0.0258
0.0105
0.0091
0.0083
0.0079
0.0495
0.0431
0.0394
0.0375
0.0151
0.0131
0.0120
0.0114
3.500
88.900
0.175
4.445
150
5.91
73,598
33,384
0.0330
0.0101
0.0525
0.0160

(mm)
(kg)
Stretch >Ft
(in)
Grade 70
CT OD
Rb
Wall
(in)
Ft
(mm)
(lb)
Stretch <Ft
(mm)
(in)
(mm)
3.500
3.500
3.500
88.900
88.900
88.900
0.203
0.224
0.236
5.156
5.690
5.994
150
150
150
5.91
5.91
5.91
84,750
93,002
97,674
38,442
42,185
44,305
0.0286
0.0261
0.0248
0.0087
0.0079
0.0076
0.0458
0.0418
0.0399
0.0139
0.0127
0.0122
4.500
4.500
114.300
114.300
0.203
0.250
5.156
6.350
150
150
5.91
5.91
107,027
130,517
48,547
59,202
0.0230
0.0189
0.0070
0.0057
0.0328
0.0270
0.0100
0.0082
(kg)
(ft *)
(m **)
Stretch >Ft
(in)
(ft *)
(m **)

12
Plastic Stretch
Grade 80
CT OD
Rb
Wall
13
(mm)
(in)
(mm)
(in)
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
25.400
25.400
25.400
25.400
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
2.210
2.413
2.591
2.769
36
36
36
36
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
25.400
25.400
25.400
25.400
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
2.210
2.413
2.591
2.769
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
25.400
25.400
25.400
25.400
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
Ft
(mm)
Stretch <Ft
(kg)
(ft *)
1.42
1.42
1.42
1.42
11,480
12,441
13,268
14,083
5,207
5,643
6,018
6,388
0.2417
0.2229
0.2089
0.1967
0.0737
0.0679
0.0637
0.0600
0.3845
0.3562
0.3352
0.3169
0.1172
0.1086
0.1022
0.0966
48
48
48
48
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
11,995
13,003
13,873
14,730
5,441
5,898
6,293
6,681
0.2266
0.2089
0.1957
0.1842
0.0691
0.0637
0.0596
0.0561
0.4300
0.3990
0.3760
0.3561
0.1311
0.1216
0.1146
0.1085
2.210
2.413
2.591
2.769
72
72
72
72
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
13,073
14,183
15,141
16,087
5,930
6,433
6,868
7,297
0.1985
0.1827
0.1709
0.1606
0.0605
0.0557
0.0521
0.0489
0.5883
0.5499
0.5217
0.4975
0.1793
0.1676
0.1590
0.1516
0.095
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
2.413
2.769
2.997
3.404
3.962
48
48
48
48
48
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
15,973
18,136
19,500
21,876
25,038
7,245
8,226
8,845
9,923
11,357
0.1732
0.1524
0.1417
0.1261
0.1101
0.0528
0.0464
0.0432
0.0384
0.0335
0.2831
0.2508
0.2341
0.2102
0.1855
0.0863
0.0764
0.0714
0.0641
0.0565
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
0.095
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
2.413
2.769
2.997
3.404
3.962
72
72
72
72
72
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
17,110
19,443
20,917
23,488
26,920
7,761
8,819
9,488
10,654
12,211
0.1564
0.1374
0.1276
0.1135
0.0988
0.0477
0.0419
0.0389
0.0346
0.0301
0.3433
0.3055
0.2860
0.2582
0.2298
0.1046
0.0931
0.0872
0.0787
0.0700
31.750
31.750
31.750
0.095
0.109
0.118
2.413
2.769
2.997
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
18,520
21,066
22,678
8,401
9,555
10,287
0.1377
0.1207
0.1119
0.0420
0.0368
0.0341
0.4888
0.4415
0.4177
0.1490
0.1345
0.1273
(m **)
Stretch >Ft
(lb)
(ft *)
(m **)

(in)
Grade 80
CT OD
Rb
Wall
(in)
Ft
(mm)
(lb)
Stretch <Ft
14
(mm)
(in)
(mm)
1.250
1.250
31.750
31.750
0.134
0.156
3.404
3.962
100
100
3.94
3.94
25,496
29,275
11,565
13,279
0.0991
0.0858
0.0302
0.0261
0.3850
0.3549
0.1173
0.1082
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
0.095
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
2.413
2.769
2.997
3.404
3.962
48
48
48
48
48
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
18,950
21,551
23,197
26,074
29,924
8,596
9,776
10,522
11,827
13,574
0.1476
0.1298
0.1205
0.1071
0.0933
0.0450
0.0395
0.0367
0.0327
0.0284
0.2198
0.1940
0.1807
0.1615
0.1416
0.0670
0.0591
0.0551
0.0492
0.0432
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
0.095
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
2.413
2.769
2.997
3.404
3.962
72
72
72
72
72
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
20,068
22,835
24,588
27,655
31,767
9,103
10,358
11,153
12,544
14,409
0.1358
0.1192
0.1107
0.0983
0.0854
0.0414
0.0363
0.0337
0.0300
0.0260
0.2528
0.2236
0.2085
0.1868
0.1645
0.0770
0.0681
0.0636
0.0569
0.0501
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
44.450
44.450
44.450
44.450
44.450
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
0.175
2.769
2.997
3.404
3.962
4.445
100
100
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
27,765
29,926
33,717
38,828
43,145
12,594
13,574
15,294
17,612
19,570
0.0966
0.0896
0.0794
0.0689
0.0619
0.0294
0.0273
0.0242
0.0210
0.0189
0.2074
0.1934
0.1731
0.1522
0.1385
0.0632
0.0589
0.0528
0.0464
0.0422
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
44.450
44.450
44.450
44.450
44.450
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
0.175
2.769
2.997
3.404
3.962
4.445
120
120
120
120
120
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
28,892
31,147
35,108
40,451
44,971
13,105
14,128
15,925
18,348
20,399
0.0909
0.0842
0.0746
0.0646
0.0580
0.0277
0.0257
0.0227
0.0197
0.0177
0.2400
0.2242
0.2014
0.1781
0.1629
0.0732
0.0683
0.0614
0.0543
0.0496
2.000
2.000
2.000
50.800
50.800
50.800
0.134
0.156
0.175
3.404
3.962
4.445
72
72
72
2.83
2.83
2.83
36,036
41,523
46,164
16,346
18,835
20,940
0.0771
0.0669
0.0601
0.0235
0.0204
0.0183
0.1213
0.1059
0.0956
0.0370
0.0323
0.0292
(kg)
(ft *)
(m **)
Stretch >Ft
(in)
(ft *)
(m **)


Grade 80
CT OD
Rb
Wall
(in)
Ft
(mm)
(lb)
Stretch <Ft
(kg)
(ft *)
(m **)
Stretch >Ft
(mm)
(in)
(mm)
(ft *)
(m **)
2.000
2.000
50.800
50.800
0.188
0.203
4.775
5.156
72
72
2.83
2.83
49,287
52,838
22,356
23,967
0.0563
0.0525
0.0172
0.0160
0.0899
0.0841
0.0274
0.0256
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
50.800
50.800
50.800
50.800
50.800
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
100
100
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
37,887
43,679
48,585
51,890
55,651
17,185
19,813
22,038
23,537
25,243
0.0716
0.0621
0.0558
0.0522
0.0486
0.0218
0.0189
0.0170
0.0159
0.0148
0.1379
0.1206
0.1092
0.1028
0.0964
0.0420
0.0368
0.0333
0.0313
0.0294
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
60.325
60.325
60.325
60.325
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
72
72
72
72
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
42,338
48,859
54,392
58,126
19,204
22,162
24,672
26,366
0.0663
0.0574
0.0516
0.0482
0.0202
0.0175
0.0157
0.0147
0.0963
0.0837
0.0754
0.0707
0.0293
0.0255
0.0230
0.0216
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
60.325
60.325
60.325
60.325
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
100
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
44,165
50,987
56,781
60,694
20,033
23,128
25,756
27,530
0.0623
0.0540
0.0484
0.0453
0.0190
0.0164
0.0148
0.0138
0.1061
0.0923
0.0833
0.0782
0.0323
0.0281
0.0254
0.0238
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
60.325
60.325
60.325
60.325
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
120
120
120
120
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
45,494
52,535
58,519
62,562
20,636
23,830
26,544
28,378
0.0597
0.0516
0.0463
0.0433
0.0182
0.0157
0.0141
0.0132
0.1148
0.1001
0.0904
0.0849
0.0350
0.0305
0.0275
0.0259
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
66.675
66.675
66.675
66.675
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
100
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
55,870
62,258
66,577
71,508
25,342
28,240
30,199
32,436
0.0496
0.0445
0.0416
0.0387
0.0151
0.0136
0.0127
0.0118
0.0800
0.0720
0.0675
0.0630
0.0244
0.0220
0.0206
0.0192
2.625
66.675
0.156
3.962
120
4.72
57,404
26,038
0.0477
0.0145
0.0856
0.0261
15
(in)

Grade 80
CT OD
Rb
Wall
(in)
Ft
(mm)
(lb)
Stretch <Ft
16
(mm)
(in)
(mm)
2.625
2.625
2.625
66.675
66.675
66.675
0.175
0.188
0.203
4.445
4.775
5.156
120
120
120
4.72
4.72
4.72
63,980
68,428
73,507
29,021
31,039
33,343
0.0427
0.0399
0.0372
0.0130
0.0122
0.0113
0.0771
0.0723
0.0676
0.0235
0.0220
0.0206
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
66.675
66.675
66.675
66.675
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
150
150
150
150
5.91
5.91
5.91
5.91
59,750
66,615
71,260
76,568
27,103
30,216
32,324
34,731
0.0449
0.0402
0.0376
0.0350
0.0137
0.0123
0.0115
0.0107
0.0961
0.0868
0.0815
0.0763
0.0293
0.0265
0.0248
0.0233
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
73.025
73.025
73.025
73.025
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
100
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
60,758
67,741
72,467
77,867
27,559
30,727
32,871
35,320
0.0459
0.0411
0.0384
0.0358
0.0140
0.0125
0.0117
0.0109
0.0705
0.0635
0.0594
0.0554
0.0215
0.0193
0.0181
0.0169
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
73.025
73.025
73.025
73.025
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
120
120
120
120
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
62,281
69,451
74,305
79,852
28,251
31,503
33,704
36,221
0.0442
0.0396
0.0370
0.0345
0.0135
0.0121
0.0113
0.0105
0.0748
0.0673
0.0631
0.0589
0.0228
0.0205
0.0192
0.0179
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
73.025
73.025
73.025
73.025
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
150
150
150
150
5.91
5.91
5.91
5.91
64,604
72,058
77,107
82,880
29,304
32,685
34,975
37,594
0.0419
0.0376
0.0351
0.0326
0.0128
0.0114
0.0107
0.0099
0.0825
0.0744
0.0697
0.0651
0.0252
0.0227
0.0213
0.0199
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
88.900
88.900
88.900
88.900
0.175
0.203
0.224
0.236
4.445
5.156
5.690
5.994
120
120
120
120
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
83,154
95,746
105,061
110,334
37,718
43,430
47,655
50,047
0.0335
0.0291
0.0265
0.0253
0.0102
0.0089
0.0081
0.0077
0.0512
0.0446
0.0407
0.0388
0.0156
0.0136
0.0124
0.0118
3.500
88.900
0.175
4.445
150
5.91
85,719
38,882
0.0321
0.0098
0.0550
0.0168
(kg)
(ft *)
(m **)
Stretch >Ft
(in)
(ft *)
(m **)


Grade 80
CT OD
Rb
Wall
(in)
Ft
(mm)
(lb)
Stretch <Ft
(kg)
(ft *)
(m **)
Stretch >Ft
(in)
(mm)
(in)
(mm)
(ft *)
(m **)
3.500
3.500
3.500
88.900
88.900
88.900
0.203
0.224
0.236
5.156
5.690
5.994
150
150
150
5.91
5.91
5.91
98,723
108,347
113,797
44,780
49,146
51,618
0.0278
0.0254
0.0241
0.0085
0.0077
0.0074
0.0479
0.0438
0.0418
0.0146
0.0134
0.0127
4.500
4.500
114.300
114.300
0.203
0.250
5.156
6.350
150
150
5.91
5.91
124,156
151,428
56,317
68,687
0.0225
0.0184
0.0069
0.0056
0.0338
0.0278
0.0103
0.0085
17
Grade 90
CT OD
Rb
Wall
18
(in)
(mm)
(in)
(mm)
(in)
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
25.400
25.400
25.400
25.400
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
2.210
2.413
2.591
2.769
36
36
36
36
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
25.400
25.400
25.400
25.400
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
2.210
2.413
2.591
2.769
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
25.400
25.400
25.400
25.400
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
1.250
1.250
1.250
31.750
31.750
31.750
Ft
(mm)
Stretch <Ft
(kg)
(ft *)
1.42
1.42
1.42
1.42
13,131
14,232
15,180
16,114
5,956
6,455
6,885
7,309
0.2359
0.2176
0.2039
0.1919
0.0719
0.0663
0.0621
0.0585
0.4001
0.3709
0.3491
0.3303
0.1219
0.1130
0.1064
0.1007
48
48
48
48
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
13,790
14,952
15,954
16,942
6,255
6,782
7,237
7,685
0.2195
0.2022
0.1894
0.1782
0.0669
0.0616
0.0577
0.0543
0.4586
0.4260
0.4018
0.3809
0.1398
0.1298
0.1225
0.1161
2.210
2.413
2.591
2.769
72
72
72
72
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
15,189
16,484
17,603
18,708
6,890
7,477
7,984
8,486
0.1878
0.1726
0.1613
0.1514
0.0572
0.0526
0.0492
0.0461
0.7077
0.6665
0.6369
0.6124
0.2157
0.2031
0.1941
0.1867
0.095
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
2.413
2.769
2.997
3.404
3.962
48
48
48
48
48
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
18,285
20,765
22,330
25,056
28,688
8,294
9,419
10,129
11,365
13,013
0.1688
0.1485
0.1380
0.1229
0.1071
0.0515
0.0453
0.0421
0.0374
0.0327
0.2955
0.2620
0.2448
0.2200
0.1944
0.0901
0.0799
0.0746
0.0670
0.0593
0.095
0.109
0.118
2.413
2.769
2.997
72
72
72
2.83
2.83
2.83
19,745
22,444
24,150
8,956
10,181
10,955
0.1504
0.1321
0.1226
0.0458
0.0403
0.0374
0.3762
0.3357
0.3149
0.1147
0.1023
0.0960
(m **)
Stretch >Ft
(lb)
(ft *)
(m **)

Plastic Stretch

Grade 90
CT OD
Rb
Wall
(in)
Ft
(mm)
(lb)
Stretch <Ft
19
(in)
(mm)
(ft *)
(m **)
(ft *)
(m **)
1.250
1.250
31.750
31.750
0.134
0.156
3.404
3.962
72
72
2.83
2.83
27,129
31,110
12,306
14,111
0.1089
0.0947
0.0332
0.0289
0.2853
0.2553
0.0870
0.0778
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
0.095
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
2.413
2.769
2.997
3.404
3.962
100
100
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
21,592
24,573
26,463
29,772
34,217
9,794
11,146
12,004
13,504
15,521
0.1286
0.1124
0.1039
0.0920
0.0804
0.0392
0.0343
0.0317
0.0280
0.0245
0.6521
0.6058
0.5871
0.5508
0.4906
0.1988
0.1846
0.1789
0.1679
0.1495
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
0.095
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
2.413
2.769
2.997
3.404
3.962
48
48
48
48
48
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
21,630
24,602
26,484
29,773
34,178
9,811
11,160
12,013
13,505
15,503
0.1446
0.1270
0.1179
0.1048
0.0912
0.0441
0.0387
0.0359
0.0320
0.0278
0.2271
0.2005
0.1868
0.1670
0.1465
0.0692
0.0611
0.0569
0.0509
0.0447
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
0.095
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
2.413
2.769
2.997
3.404
3.962
72
72
72
72
72
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
23,058
26,243
28,261
31,794
36,534
10,459
11,904
12,819
14,422
16,572
0.1316
0.1155
0.1072
0.0952
0.0827
0.0401
0.0352
0.0327
0.0290
0.0252
0.2687
0.2380
0.2221
0.1993
0.1758
0.0819
0.0725
0.0677
0.0607
0.0536
1.750
1.750
1.750
44.450
44.450
44.450
0.109
0.118
0.134
2.769
2.997
3.404
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
32,023
34,520
38,903
14,525
15,658
17,646
0.0930
0.0862
0.0764
0.0283
0.0263
0.0233
0.2263
0.2111
0.1894
0.0690
0.0644
0.0577

(mm)
(kg)
Stretch >Ft
(in)
Grade 90
CT OD
Rb
Wall
(in)
Ft
(mm)
(lb)
Stretch <Ft
20
(mm)
(in)
(mm)
1.750
1.750
44.450
44.450
0.156
0.175
3.962
4.445
100
100
3.94
3.94
44,814
49,813
20,328
22,595
0.0662
0.0595
0.0202
0.0181
0.1670
0.1524
0.0509
0.0464
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
44.450
44.450
44.450
44.450
44.450
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
0.175
2.769
2.997
3.404
3.962
4.445
120
120
120
120
120
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
33,487
36,107
40,711
46,928
52,193
15,190
16,378
18,466
21,286
23,674
0.0866
0.0802
0.0710
0.0614
0.0551
0.0264
0.0244
0.0216
0.0187
0.0168
0.2762
0.2587
0.2336
0.2080
0.1917
0.0842
0.0788
0.0712
0.0634
0.0584
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
50.800
50.800
50.800
50.800
50.800
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
72
72
72
72
72
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
41,204
47,486
52,801
56,380
60,450
18,690
21,539
23,951
25,574
27,420
0.0753
0.0653
0.0587
0.0549
0.0512
0.0230
0.0199
0.0179
0.0167
0.0156
0.1261
0.1101
0.0995
0.0936
0.0876
0.0384
0.0336
0.0303
0.0285
0.0267
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
50.800
50.800
50.800
50.800
50.800
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
100
100
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
43,572
50,246
55,902
59,714
64,054
19,764
22,792
25,357
27,086
29,055
0.0693
0.0600
0.0539
0.0504
0.0470
0.0211
0.0183
0.0164
0.0154
0.0143
0.1474
0.1291
0.1171
0.1103
0.1036
0.0449
0.0393
0.0357
0.0336
0.0316
2.375
2.375
2.375
60.325
60.325
60.325
0.134
0.156
0.175
3.404
3.962
4.445
72
72
72
2.83
2.83
2.83
48,287
55,731
62,050
21,903
25,279
28,146
0.0650
0.0563
0.0505
0.0198
0.0172
0.0154
0.0992
0.0863
0.0777
0.0302
0.0263
0.0237
(kg)
(ft *)
(m **)
Stretch >Ft
(in)
(ft *)
(m **)


Grade 90
CT OD
Rb
Wall
(in)
Ft
(mm)
(lb)
Stretch <Ft
21
(in)
(mm)
(ft *)
(m **)
(ft *)
(m **)
2.375
60.325
0.188
4.775
72
2.83
66,315
30,080
0.0473
0.0144
0.0729
0.0222
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
60.325
60.325
60.325
60.325
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
100
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
50,617
58,445
65,097
69,590
22,960
26,511
29,528
31,566
0.0607
0.0525
0.0471
0.0440
0.0185
0.0160
0.0144
0.0134
0.1113
0.0970
0.0876
0.0822
0.0339
0.0296
0.0267
0.0251
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
60.325
60.325
60.325
60.325
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
120
120
120
120
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
52,320
60,430
67,326
71,986
23,732
27,411
30,539
32,653
0.0577
0.0499
0.0448
0.0419
0.0176
0.0152
0.0136
0.0128
0.1227
0.1071
0.0968
0.0910
0.0374
0.0326
0.0295
0.0277
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
66.675
66.675
66.675
66.675
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
100
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
63,929
71,248
76,197
81,848
28,998
32,318
34,563
37,126
0.0484
0.0434
0.0405
0.0377
0.0147
0.0132
0.0124
0.0115
0.0833
0.0751
0.0704
0.0658
0.0254
0.0229
0.0215
0.0201
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
66.675
66.675
66.675
66.675
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
120
120
120
120
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
65,891
73,450
78,564
84,406
29,888
33,317
35,636
38,286
0.0463
0.0415
0.0388
0.0361
0.0141
0.0126
0.0118
0.0110
0.0904
0.0816
0.0766
0.0716
0.0276
0.0249
0.0233
0.0218
2.625
2.625
66.675
66.675
0.156
0.175
3.962
4.445
150
150
5.91
5.91
68,909
76,840
31,257
34,854
0.0432
0.0387
0.0132
0.0118
0.1048
0.0948
0.0319
0.0289

(mm)
(kg)
Stretch >Ft
(in)
Grade 90
CT OD
Rb
Wall
(in)
Ft
(mm)
(lb)
Stretch <Ft
22
(mm)
(in)
(mm)
2.625
2.625
66.675
66.675
0.188
0.203
4.775
5.156
150
150
5.91
5.91
82,209
88,346
37,290
40,073
0.0362
0.0336
0.0110
0.0103
0.0891
0.0835
0.0272
0.0254
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
73.025
73.025
73.025
73.025
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
100
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
69,422
77,408
82,814
88,993
31,489
35,112
37,564
40,367
0.0448
0.0402
0.0376
0.0349
0.0137
0.0123
0.0114
0.0106
0.0731
0.0658
0.0616
0.0575
0.0223
0.0201
0.0188
0.0175
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
73.025
73.025
73.025
73.025
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
120
120
120
120
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
71,366
79,591
85,160
91,527
32,371
36,102
38,628
41,517
0.0431
0.0386
0.0360
0.0335
0.0131
0.0118
0.0110
0.0102
0.0784
0.0706
0.0662
0.0618
0.0239
0.0215
0.0202
0.0188
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
73.025
73.025
73.025
73.025
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
150
150
150
150
5.91
5.91
5.91
5.91
74,344
82,934
88,754
95,411
33,722
37,619
40,259
43,278
0.0405
0.0363
0.0339
0.0315
0.0123
0.0111
0.0103
0.0096
0.0885
0.0799
0.0749
0.0701
0.0270
0.0243
0.0228
0.0214
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
88.900
88.900
88.900
88.900
0.175
0.203
0.224
0.236
4.445
5.156
5.690
5.994
120
120
120
120
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
94,986
109,383
120,036
126,067
43,085
49,616
54,448
57,184
0.0328
0.0285
0.0259
0.0247
0.0100
0.0087
0.0079
0.0075
0.0530
0.0462
0.0422
0.0403
0.0161
0.0141
0.0129
0.0123
3.500
88.900
0.175
4.445
150
5.91
98,259
44,570
0.0312
0.0095
0.0577
0.0176
(kg)
(ft *)
(m **)
Stretch >Ft
(in)
(ft *)
(m **)


Grade 90
CT OD
Rb
Wall
(in)
Ft
(mm)
(lb)
Stretch <Ft
(kg)
(ft *)
(m **)
Stretch >Ft
(in)
(mm)
(in)
(mm)
(ft *)
(m **)
3.500
3.500
3.500
88.900
88.900
88.900
0.203
0.224
0.236
5.156
5.690
5.994
150
150
150
5.91
5.91
5.91
113,182
124,231
130,488
51,339
56,351
59,189
0.0271
0.0247
0.0235
0.0083
0.0075
0.0072
0.0504
0.0461
0.0440
0.0154
0.0140
0.0134
4.500
4.500
114.300
114.300
0.203
0.250
5.156
6.350
150
150
5.91
5.91
141,757
172,921
64,300
78,437
0.0220
0.0180
0.0067
0.0055
0.0350
0.0288
0.0107
0.0088
23

Grade 100
CT OD
Rb
Wall
24
(in)
(mm)
(in)
(mm)
(in)
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
25.400
25.400
25.400
25.400
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
2.210
2.413
2.591
2.769
36
36
36
36
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
25.400
25.400
25.400
25.400
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
2.210
2.413
2.591
2.769
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
25.400
25.400
25.400
25.400
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
1.250
1.250
1.250
31.750
31.750
31.750
Ft
(mm)
Stretch <Ft
(kg)
(ft *)
1.42
1.42
1.42
1.42
14,832
16,077
17,150
18,208
6,728
7,292
7,779
8,259
0.2303
0.2123
0.1989
0.1872
0.0702
0.0647
0.0606
0.0571
0.4174
0.3871
0.3647
0.3452
0.1272
0.1180
0.1111
0.1052
48
48
48
48
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
15,655
16,978
18,118
19,244
7,101
7,701
8,218
8,729
0.2124
0.1957
0.1832
0.1723
0.0647
0.0596
0.0558
0.0525
0.4927
0.4584
0.4329
0.4109
0.1502
0.1397
0.1320
0.1253
2.210
2.413
2.591
2.769
72
72
72
72
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
17,437
18,929
20,221
21,498
7,909
8,586
9,172
9,752
0.1760
0.1613
0.1504
0.1416
0.0536
0.0492
0.0458
0.0432
0.9475
0.9156
0.8930
0.8500
0.2888
0.2791
0.2722
0.2591
0.095
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
2.413
2.769
2.997
3.404
3.962
48
48
48
48
48
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
20,670
23,478
25,251
28,341
32,460
9,376
10,649
11,454
12,855
14,724
0.1646
0.1447
0.1345
0.1197
0.1043
0.0502
0.0441
0.0410
0.0365
0.0318
0.3095
0.2747
0.2568
0.2310
0.2045
0.0943
0.0837
0.0783
0.0704
0.0623
0.095
0.109
0.118
2.413
2.769
2.997
72
72
72
2.83
2.83
2.83
22,504
25,588
27,539
10,208
11,607
12,492
0.1444
0.1268
0.1176
0.0440
0.0386
0.0358
0.4195
0.3759
0.3536
0.1279
0.1146
0.1078
(m **)
Stretch >Ft
(lb)
(ft *)
(m **)

Plastic Stretch

Grade 100
CT OD
Rb
Wall
(in)
Ft
(mm)
(lb)
Stretch <Ft
25
(in)
(mm)
(ft *)
(m **)
(ft *)
(m **)
1.250
1.250
31.750
31.750
0.134
0.156
3.404
3.962
72
72
2.83
2.83
30,947
35,509
14,038
16,107
0.1044
0.0906
0.0318
0.0276
0.3222
0.2909
0.0982
0.0887
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
0.095
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
2.413
2.769
2.997
3.404
3.962
100
100
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
24,882
28,335
30,527
34,371
39,550
11,287
12,853
13,847
15,590
17,940
0.1193
0.1050
0.0977
0.0872
0.0764
0.0363
0.0320
0.0298
0.0266
0.0233
1.0849
0.9709
0.9095
0.8175
0.7177
0.3307
0.2959
0.2772
0.2492
0.2187
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
0.095
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
2.413
2.769
2.997
3.404
3.962
48
48
48
48
48
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
24,381
27,736
29,860
33,573
38,548
11,059
12,581
13,544
15,229
17,485
0.1416
0.1244
0.1155
0.1026
0.0893
0.0431
0.0379
0.0352
0.0313
0.0272
0.2349
0.2075
0.1934
0.1730
0.1519
0.0716
0.0632
0.0589
0.0527
0.0463
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
0.095
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
2.413
2.769
2.997
3.404
3.962
72
72
72
72
72
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
26,164
29,783
32,078
36,097
41,493
11,868
13,510
14,551
16,373
18,821
0.1275
0.1119
0.1038
0.0921
0.0800
0.0389
0.0341
0.0316
0.0281
0.0244
0.2876
0.2551
0.2383
0.2142
0.1895
0.0877
0.0777
0.0726
0.0653
0.0578
1.750
1.750
1.750
44.450
44.450
44.450
0.109
0.118
0.134
2.769
2.997
3.404
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
36,475
39,325
44,329
16,545
17,838
20,108
0.0894
0.0829
0.0734
0.0273
0.0253
0.0224
0.2506
0.2342
0.2107
0.0764
0.0714
0.0642

(mm)
(kg)
Stretch >Ft
(in)
Grade 100
CT OD
Rb
Wall
(in)
Ft
(mm)
(lb)
Stretch <Ft
26
(mm)
(in)
(mm)
1.750
1.750
44.450
44.450
0.156
0.175
3.962
4.445
100
100
3.94
3.94
51,084
56,800
23,171
25,764
0.0636
0.0570
0.0194
0.0174
0.1866
0.1710
0.0569
0.0521
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
44.450
44.450
44.450
44.450
44.450
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
0.175
2.769
2.997
3.404
3.962
4.445
120
120
120
120
120
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
38,339
41,347
46,634
53,782
59,842
17,391
18,755
21,153
24,395
27,144
0.0821
0.0760
0.0672
0.0580
0.0519
0.0250
0.0232
0.0205
0.0177
0.0158
0.3338
0.3142
0.2867
0.2596
0.2436
0.1017
0.0958
0.0874
0.0791
0.0742
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
50.800
50.800
50.800
50.800
50.800
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
72
72
72
72
72
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
46,525
53,628
59,640
63,689
68,296
21,104
24,325
27,053
28,889
30,979
0.0735
0.0637
0.0573
0.0536
0.0500
0.0224
0.0194
0.0175
0.0163
0.0152
0.1314
0.1148
0.1038
0.0977
0.0915
0.0400
0.0350
0.0316
0.0298
0.0279
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
50.800
50.800
50.800
50.800
50.800
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
100
100
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
49,486
57,080
63,520
67,862
72,808
22,447
25,892
28,812
30,782
33,025
0.0671
0.0580
0.0521
0.0487
0.0454
0.0204
0.0177
0.0159
0.0148
0.0138
0.1588
0.1394
0.1267
0.1195
0.1124
0.0484
0.0425
0.0386
0.0364
0.0343
2.375
2.375
2.375
60.325
60.325
60.325
0.134
0.156
0.175
3.404
3.962
4.445
72
72
72
2.83
2.83
2.83
54,386
62,778
69,904
24,669
28,476
31,708
0.0637
0.0552
0.0495
0.0194
0.0168
0.0151
0.1023
0.0890
0.0803
0.0312
0.0271
0.0245
(kg)
(ft *)
(m **)
Stretch >Ft
(in)
(ft *)
(m **)


Grade 100
CT OD
Rb
Wall
(in)
Ft
(mm)
(lb)
Stretch <Ft
27
(in)
(mm)
(ft *)
(m **)
(ft *)
(m **)
2.375
60.325
0.188
4.775
72
2.83
74,714
33,890
0.0463
0.0141
0.0753
0.0230
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
60.325
60.325
60.325
60.325
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
100
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
57,287
66,158
73,699
78,794
25,985
30,009
33,430
35,741
0.0590
0.0511
0.0458
0.0428
0.0180
0.0156
0.0140
0.0130
0.1172
0.1023
0.0924
0.0868
0.0357
0.0312
0.0282
0.0265
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
60.325
60.325
60.325
60.325
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
120
120
120
120
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
59,419
68,645
76,492
81,798
26,952
31,137
34,697
37,103
0.0559
0.0483
0.0433
0.0404
0.0170
0.0147
0.0132
0.0123
0.1321
0.1156
0.1047
0.0985
0.0403
0.0352
0.0319
0.0300
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
66.675
66.675
66.675
66.675
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
100
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
72,239
80,518
86,118
92,515
32,767
36,523
39,063
41,964
0.0472
0.0423
0.0395
0.0368
0.0144
0.0129
0.0121
0.0112
0.0871
0.0785
0.0737
0.0689
0.0265
0.0239
0.0225
0.0210
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
66.675
66.675
66.675
66.675
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
120
120
120
120
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
74,688
83,269
89,075
95,711
33,878
37,770
40,404
43,414
0.0449
0.0402
0.0376
0.0350
0.0137
0.0123
0.0115
0.0107
0.0961
0.0868
0.0815
0.0763
0.0293
0.0265
0.0248
0.0233
2.625
2.625
66.675
66.675
0.156
0.175
3.962
4.445
150
150
5.91
5.91
78,484
87,534
35,600
39,705
0.0416
0.0372
0.0127
0.0114
0.1160
0.1051
0.0353
0.0320

(mm)
(kg)
Stretch >Ft
(in)
Grade 100
CT OD
Rb
Wall
(in)
Ft
(mm)
(lb)
Stretch <Ft
28
(mm)
(in)
(mm)
2.625
2.625
66.675
66.675
0.188
0.203
4.775
5.156
150
150
5.91
5.91
93,663
100,671
42,485
45,664
0.0348
0.0323
0.0106
0.0099
0.0990
0.0929
0.0302
0.0283
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
73.025
73.025
73.025
73.025
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
100
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
78,332
87,352
93,459
100,440
35,531
39,623
42,393
45,559
0.0438
0.0393
0.0367
0.0341
0.0134
0.0120
0.0112
0.0104
0.0759
0.0684
0.0641
0.0598
0.0231
0.0208
0.0195
0.0182
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
73.025
73.025
73.025
73.025
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
120
120
120
120
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
80,755
90,073
96,383
103,600
36,630
40,857
43,719
46,993
0.0419
0.0376
0.0351
0.0326
0.0128
0.0114
0.0107
0.0099
0.0825
0.0744
0.0697
0.0651
0.0252
0.0227
0.0213
0.0199
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
73.025
73.025
73.025
73.025
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
150
150
150
150
5.91
5.91
5.91
5.91
84,486
94,263
100,889
108,470
38,322
42,757
45,763
49,202
0.0391
0.0350
0.0327
0.0304
0.0119
0.0107
0.0100
0.0093
0.0959
0.0866
0.0813
0.0761
0.0292
0.0264
0.0248
0.0232
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
88.900
88.900
88.900
88.900
0.175
0.203
0.224
0.236
4.445
5.156
5.690
5.994
120
120
120
120
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
107,148
123,403
135,434
142,247
48,602
55,975
61,432
64,523
0.0321
0.0278
0.0254
0.0241
0.0098
0.0085
0.0077
0.0074
0.0550
0.0479
0.0438
0.0418
0.0168
0.0146
0.0134
0.0127
3.500
88.900
0.175
4.445
150
5.91
111,228
50,453
0.0304
0.0093
0.0609
0.0186
(kg)
(ft *)
(m **)
Stretch >Ft
(in)
(ft *)
(m **)


Grade 100
CT OD
Rb
Wall
(in)
Ft
(mm)
(lb)
Stretch <Ft
(kg)
(ft *)
(m **)
Stretch >Ft
(in)
(mm)
(in)
(mm)
(ft *)
(m **)
3.500
3.500
3.500
88.900
88.900
88.900
0.203
0.224
0.236
5.156
5.690
5.994
150
150
150
5.91
5.91
5.91
128,140
140,664
147,759
58,124
63,805
67,023
0.0263
0.0240
0.0228
0.0080
0.0073
0.0070
0.0532
0.0487
0.0465
0.0162
0.0148
0.0142
4.500
4.500
114.300
114.300
0.203
0.250
5.156
6.350
150
150
5.91
5.91
159,835
195,003
72,500
88,453
0.0216
0.0177
0.0066
0.0054
0.0362
0.0299
0.0110
0.0091
29

Grade 110
CT OD
Rb
Wall
30
(in)
(mm)
(in)
(mm)
(in)
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
25.400
25.400
25.400
25.400
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
2.210
2.413
2.591
2.769
36
36
36
36
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
25.400
25.400
25.400
25.400
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
2.210
2.413
2.591
2.769
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
25.400
25.400
25.400
25.400
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
1.250
1.250
1.250
31.750
31.750
31.750
Ft
(mm)
Stretch <Ft
(kg)
(ft *)
1.42
1.42
1.42
1.42
16,583
17,978
19,180
20,366
7,522
8,155
8,700
9,238
0.2248
0.2072
0.1941
0.1827
0.0685
0.0632
0.0592
0.0557
0.4367
0.4054
0.3821
0.3619
0.1331
0.1235
0.1164
0.1103
48
48
48
48
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
17,594
19,084
20,370
21,639
7,981
8,656
9,240
9,815
0.2054
0.1892
0.1770
0.1664
0.0626
0.0577
0.0540
0.0507
0.5347
0.4984
0.4716
0.4485
0.1630
0.1519
0.1437
0.1367
2.210
2.413
2.591
2.769
72
72
72
72
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
19,830
21,537
23,014
24,478
8,995
9,769
10,439
11,103
0.1654
0.1527
0.1433
0.1351
0.0504
0.0465
0.0437
0.0412
1.4439
1.3443
1.2678
1.1995
0.4401
0.4097
0.3864
0.3656
0.095
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
2.413
2.769
2.997
3.404
3.962
48
48
48
48
48
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
23,129
26,277
28,265
31,731
36,356
10,491
11,919
12,821
14,393
16,491
0.1604
0.1411
0.1310
0.1166
0.1015
0.0489
0.0430
0.0399
0.0355
0.0309
0.3253
0.2890
0.2704
0.2436
0.2162
0.0991
0.0881
0.0824
0.0742
0.0659
0.095
0.109
0.118
2.413
2.769
2.997
72
72
72
2.83
2.83
2.83
25,393
28,882
31,091
11,518
13,101
14,103
0.1384
0.1213
0.1125
0.0422
0.0370
0.0343
0.4804
0.4334
0.4098
0.1464
0.1321
0.1249
(m **)
Stretch >Ft
(lb)
(ft *)
(m **)

Plastic Stretch

Grade 110
CT OD
Rb
Wall
(in)
Ft
(mm)
(lb)
Stretch <Ft
31
(in)
(mm)
(ft *)
(m **)
(ft *)
(m **)
1.250
1.250
31.750
31.750
0.134
0.156
3.404
3.962
72
72
2.83
2.83
34,954
40,131
15,855
18,203
0.0997
0.0863
0.0304
0.0263
0.3771
0.3465
0.1149
0.1056
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
0.095
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
2.413
2.769
2.997
3.404
3.962
100
100
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
28,424
32,393
34,918
39,355
45,360
12,893
14,694
15,838
17,851
20,575
0.1117
0.0985
0.0918
0.0820
0.0719
0.0340
0.0300
0.0280
0.0250
0.0219
2.8360
2.4867
2.3043
2.0384
1.7593
0.8644
0.7579
0.7023
0.6213
0.5362
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
0.095
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
2.413
2.769
2.997
3.404
3.962
48
48
48
48
48
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
27,205
30,952
33,325
37,475
43,039
12,340
14,040
15,116
16,999
19,522
0.1386
0.1218
0.1130
0.1004
0.0873
0.0423
0.0371
0.0344
0.0306
0.0266
0.2434
0.2152
0.2006
0.1796
0.1579
0.0742
0.0656
0.0611
0.0547
0.0481
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
0.095
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
2.413
2.769
2.997
3.404
3.962
72
72
72
72
72
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
29,388
33,461
36,044
40,569
46,651
13,330
15,178
16,350
18,402
21,161
0.1234
0.1083
0.1004
0.0891
0.0773
0.0376
0.0330
0.0306
0.0271
0.0236
0.3105
0.2759
0.2581
0.2326
0.2065
0.0946
0.0841
0.0787
0.0709
0.0629
1.750
1.750
1.750
44.450
44.450
44.450
0.109
0.118
0.134
2.769
2.997
3.404
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
41,133
44,352
50,010
18,658
20,118
22,684
0.0858
0.0795
0.0704
0.0262
0.0242
0.0214
0.2838
0.2660
0.2405
0.0865
0.0811
0.0733

(mm)
(kg)
Stretch >Ft
(in)
Grade 110
CT OD
Rb
Wall
(in)
Ft
(mm)
(lb)
Stretch <Ft
32
(mm)
(in)
(mm)
1.750
1.750
44.450
44.450
0.156
0.175
3.962
4.445
100
100
3.94
3.94
57,652
64,124
26,151
29,087
0.0609
0.0546
0.0185
0.0166
0.2146
0.1981
0.0654
0.0604
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
44.450
44.450
44.450
44.450
44.450
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
0.175
2.769
2.997
3.404
3.962
4.445
120
120
120
120
120
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
43,472
46,891
52,907
61,050
67,963
19,719
21,270
23,999
27,692
30,828
0.0772
0.0713
0.0628
0.0543
0.0488
0.0235
0.0217
0.0191
0.0165
0.0149
0.4514
0.4317
0.4086
0.3757
0.3441
0.1376
0.1316
0.1245
0.1145
0.1049
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
50.800
50.800
50.800
50.800
50.800
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
72
72
72
72
72
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
52,002
59,951
66,684
71,219
76,380
23,588
27,194
30,248
32,305
34,646
0.0718
0.0622
0.0559
0.0523
0.0487
0.0219
0.0190
0.0170
0.0159
0.0149
0.1372
0.1200
0.1086
0.1022
0.0959
0.0418
0.0366
0.0331
0.0312
0.0292
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
50.800
50.800
50.800
50.800
50.800
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
100
100
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
55,636
64,192
71,450
76,347
81,927
25,236
29,117
32,410
34,631
37,162
0.0648
0.0561
0.0503
0.0470
0.0438
0.0198
0.0171
0.0153
0.0143
0.0133
0.1730
0.1523
0.1387
0.1311
0.1237
0.0527
0.0464
0.0423
0.0400
0.0377
2.375
2.375
2.375
60.325
60.325
60.325
0.134
0.156
0.175
3.404
3.962
4.445
72
72
72
2.83
2.83
2.83
60,637
70,002
77,956
27,505
31,753
35,361
0.0625
0.0541
0.0485
0.0190
0.0165
0.0148
0.1057
0.0920
0.0830
0.0322
0.0280
0.0253
(kg)
(ft *)
(m **)
Stretch >Ft
(in)
(ft *)
(m **)


Grade 110
CT OD
Rb
Wall
(in)
Ft
(mm)
(lb)
Stretch <Ft
33
(in)
(mm)
(ft *)
(m **)
(ft *)
(m **)
2.375
60.325
0.188
4.775
72
2.83
83,327
37,797
0.0454
0.0138
0.0779
0.0237
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
60.325
60.325
60.325
60.325
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
100
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
64,180
74,132
82,594
88,313
29,112
33,626
37,464
40,059
0.0574
0.0497
0.0445
0.0416
0.0175
0.0151
0.0136
0.0127
0.1241
0.1084
0.0980
0.0922
0.0378
0.0330
0.0299
0.0281
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
60.325
60.325
60.325
60.325
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
120
120
120
120
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
66,803
77,192
86,033
92,013
30,302
35,014
39,024
41,737
0.0540
0.0467
0.0418
0.0391
0.0165
0.0142
0.0127
0.0119
0.1439
0.1262
0.1145
0.1079
0.0439
0.0384
0.0349
0.0329
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
66.675
66.675
66.675
66.675
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
100
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
80,802
90,074
96,347
103,513
36,652
40,857
43,703
46,953
0.0460
0.0413
0.0386
0.0359
0.0140
0.0126
0.0118
0.0109
0.0913
0.0824
0.0773
0.0723
0.0278
0.0251
0.0236
0.0220
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
66.675
66.675
66.675
66.675
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
120
120
120
120
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
83,805
93,448
99,974
107,434
38,014
42,388
45,348
48,732
0.0436
0.0390
0.0365
0.0339
0.0133
0.0119
0.0111
0.0103
0.1029
0.0930
0.0874
0.0819
0.0314
0.0284
0.0266
0.0250
2.625
2.625
66.675
66.675
0.156
0.175
3.962
4.445
150
150
5.91
5.91
88,498
98,723
40,142
44,780
0.0399
0.0357
0.0122
0.0109
0.1312
0.1193
0.0400
0.0364

(mm)
(kg)
Stretch >Ft
(in)
Grade 110
CT OD
Rb
Wall
(in)
Ft
(mm)
(lb)
Stretch <Ft
34
(mm)
(in)
(mm)
2.625
2.625
66.675
66.675
0.188
0.203
4.775
5.156
150
150
5.91
5.91
105,650
113,574
47,923
51,517
0.0334
0.0310
0.0102
0.0094
0.1126
0.1061
0.0343
0.0323
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
73.025
73.025
73.025
73.025
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
100
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
87,492
97,577
104,406
112,214
39,686
44,261
47,358
50,900
0.0429
0.0384
0.0359
0.0334
0.0131
0.0117
0.0109
0.0102
0.0791
0.0712
0.0667
0.0623
0.0241
0.0217
0.0203
0.0190
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
73.025
73.025
73.025
73.025
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
120
120
120
120
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
90,455
100,904
107,983
116,079
41,030
45,770
48,981
52,653
0.0408
0.0365
0.0341
0.0317
0.0124
0.0111
0.0104
0.0097
0.0872
0.0787
0.0738
0.0690
0.0266
0.0240
0.0225
0.0210
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
73.025
73.025
73.025
73.025
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
150
150
150
150
5.91
5.91
5.91
5.91
95,046
106,063
113,531
122,077
43,113
48,110
51,497
55,374
0.0378
0.0338
0.0316
0.0293
0.0115
0.0103
0.0096
0.0089
0.1052
0.0951
0.0895
0.0839
0.0320
0.0290
0.0273
0.0256
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
88.900
88.900
88.900
88.900
0.175
0.203
0.224
0.236
4.445
5.156
5.690
5.994
120
120
120
120
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
119,646
137,814
151,263
158,880
54,271
62,512
68,612
72,068
0.0314
0.0272
0.0248
0.0236
0.0096
0.0083
0.0076
0.0072
0.0571
0.0499
0.0456
0.0435
0.0174
0.0152
0.0139
0.0133
3.500
88.900
0.175
4.445
150
5.91
124,635
56,534
0.0295
0.0090
0.0645
0.0197
(kg)
(ft *)
(m **)
Stretch >Ft
(in)
(ft *)
(m **)


Grade 110
CT OD
Rb
Wall
(in)
Ft
(mm)
(lb)
Stretch <Ft
(kg)
(ft *)
(m **)
Stretch >Ft
(in)
(mm)
(in)
(mm)
(ft *)
(m **)
3.500
3.500
3.500
88.900
88.900
88.900
0.203
0.224
0.236
5.156
5.690
5.994
150
150
150
5.91
5.91
5.91
143,608
157,662
165,625
65,140
71,515
75,127
0.0256
0.0233
0.0222
0.0078
0.0071
0.0068
0.0564
0.0517
0.0494
0.0172
0.0158
0.0150
4.500
4.500
114.300
114.300
0.203
0.250
5.156
6.350
150
150
5.91
5.91
178,396
217,681
80,920
98,740
0.0211
0.0173
0.0064
0.0053
0.0376
0.0310
0.0115
0.0094
35

Grade 120
CT OD
Rb
Wall
(in)
Ft
(mm)
(lb)
Stretch <Ft
36
(mm)
(in)
(mm)
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
25.400
25.400
25.400
25.400
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
2.210
2.413
2.591
2.769
36
36
36
36
1.42
1.42
1.42
1.42
18,386
19,936
21,272
22,589
8,340
9,043
9,649
10,246
0.2195
0.2022
0.1894
0.1782
0.0669
0.0616
0.0577
0.0543
0.4586
0.4260
0.4018
0.3809
0.1398
0.1298
0.1225
0.1161
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
25.400
25.400
25.400
25.400
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
2.210
2.413
2.591
2.769
48
48
48
48
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
19,609
21,274
22,711
24,131
8,895
9,650
10,302
10,946
0.1985
0.1827
0.1709
0.1606
0.0605
0.0557
0.0521
0.0489
0.5883
0.5499
0.5217
0.4975
0.1793
0.1676
0.1590
0.1516
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
25.400
25.400
25.400
25.400
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
2.210
2.413
2.591
2.769
72
72
72
72
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
22,391
24,330
26,011
27,679
10,156
11,036
11,799
12,555
0.1567
0.1448
0.1359
0.1282
0.0477
0.0441
0.0414
0.0391
2.8211
2.5994
2.4321
2.2850
0.8598
0.7922
0.7413
0.6964
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
0.095
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
2.413
2.769
2.997
3.404
3.962
48
48
48
48
48
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
25,666
29,164
31,375
35,231
40,380
11,642
13,229
14,232
15,981
18,316
0.1564
0.1374
0.1276
0.1135
0.0988
0.0477
0.0419
0.0389
0.0346
0.0301
0.3433
0.3055
0.2860
0.2582
0.2298
0.1046
0.0931
0.0872
0.0787
0.0700
1.250
1.250
1.250
31.750
31.750
31.750
0.095
0.109
0.118
2.413
2.769
2.997
72
72
72
2.83
2.83
2.83
28,420
32,337
34,820
12,891
14,668
15,794
0.1321
0.1156
0.1070
0.0402
0.0352
0.0326
0.5764
0.5274
0.5041
0.1757
0.1607
0.1536
(kg)
(ft *)
(m **)
Stretch >Ft
(in)
(ft *)
(m **)

Plastic Stretch

Grade 120
CT OD
Rb
Wall
(in)
Ft
(mm)
(lb)
Stretch <Ft
37
(in)
(mm)
(ft *)
(m **)
(ft *)
(m **)
1.250
1.250
31.750
31.750
0.134
0.156
3.404
3.962
72
72
2.83
2.83
39,164
44,994
17,764
20,409
0.0945
0.0819
0.0288
0.0250
0.4757
0.4420
0.1450
0.1347
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
31.750
0.095
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
2.413
2.769
2.997
3.404
3.962
100
100
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
32,273
36,818
39,717
44,833
51,817
14,639
16,701
18,016
20,336
23,504
0.1074
0.0948
0.0883
0.0788
0.0691
0.0327
0.0289
0.0269
0.0240
0.0211
0.1074
0.0948
0.0883
0.0788
0.0691
0.0327
0.0289
0.0269
0.0240
0.0211
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
0.095
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
2.413
2.769
2.997
3.404
3.962
48
48
48
48
48
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
30,102
34,252
36,882
41,482
47,651
13,654
15,537
16,730
18,816
21,614
0.1358
0.1192
0.1107
0.0983
0.0854
0.0414
0.0363
0.0337
0.0300
0.0260
0.2528
0.2236
0.2085
0.1868
0.1645
0.0770
0.0681
0.0636
0.0569
0.0501
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
38.100
0.095
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
2.413
2.769
2.997
3.404
3.962
72
72
72
72
72
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
32,736
37,281
40,165
45,219
52,017
14,849
16,911
18,219
20,511
23,595
0.1194
0.1047
0.0971
0.0860
0.0746
0.0364
0.0319
0.0296
0.0262
0.0227
0.3393
0.3023
0.2833
0.2562
0.2286
0.1034
0.0921
0.0863
0.0781
0.0697
1.750
1.750
1.750
44.450
44.450
44.450
0.109
0.118
0.134
2.769
2.997
3.404
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
46,007
49,616
55,961
20,869
22,506
25,384
0.0821
0.0760
0.0672
0.0250
0.0232
0.0205
0.3338
0.3142
0.2867
0.1017
0.0958
0.0874

(mm)
(kg)
Stretch >Ft
(in)
Grade 120
CT OD
Rb
Wall
(in)
Ft
(mm)
(lb)
Stretch <Ft
38
(mm)
(in)
(mm)
1.750
1.750
44.450
44.450
0.156
0.175
3.962
4.445
100
100
3.94
3.94
64,538
71,811
29,274
32,573
0.0580
0.0519
0.0177
0.0158
0.2596
0.2436
0.0791
0.0742
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
44.450
44.450
44.450
44.450
44.450
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
0.175
2.769
2.997
3.404
3.962
4.445
120
120
120
120
120
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
48,914
52,774
59,571
68,783
76,618
22,187
23,938
27,021
31,200
34,753
0.0720
0.0669
0.0594
0.0517
0.0466
0.0220
0.0204
0.0181
0.0157
0.0142
0.7747
0.7262
0.6535
0.5745
0.5202
0.2361
0.2213
0.1992
0.1751
0.1585
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
50.800
50.800
50.800
50.800
50.800
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
72
72
72
72
72
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
57,638
66,461
73,936
78,973
84,707
26,144
30,146
33,537
35,822
38,423
0.0702
0.0608
0.0546
0.0511
0.0476
0.0214
0.0185
0.0166
0.0156
0.0145
0.1438
0.1259
0.1141
0.1074
0.1009
0.0438
0.0384
0.0348
0.0327
0.0307
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
50.800
50.800
50.800
50.800
50.800
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
100
100
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
62,034
71,593
79,708
85,185
91,430
28,139
32,474
36,155
38,640
41,472
0.0626
0.0541
0.0485
0.0453
0.0421
0.0191
0.0165
0.0148
0.0138
0.0128
0.1914
0.1692
0.1547
0.1466
0.1388
0.0583
0.0516
0.0471
0.0447
0.0423
2.375
2.375
2.375
60.325
60.325
60.325
0.134
0.156
0.175
3.404
3.962
4.445
72
72
72
2.83
2.83
2.83
67,041
77,405
86,209
30,410
35,111
39,104
0.0613
0.0530
0.0476
0.0187
0.0162
0.0145
0.1093
0.0952
0.0860
0.0333
0.0290
0.0262
(kg)
(ft *)
(m **)
Stretch >Ft
(in)
(ft *)
(m **)


Grade 120
CT OD
Rb
Wall
(in)
Ft
(mm)
(lb)
Stretch <Ft
39
(in)
(mm)
(ft *)
(m **)
(ft *)
(m **)
2.375
60.325
0.188
4.775
72
2.83
92,156
41,802
0.0445
0.0136
0.0807
0.0246
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
60.325
60.325
60.325
60.325
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
100
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
71,303
82,374
91,791
98,158
32,343
37,365
41,636
44,524
0.0559
0.0483
0.0433
0.0404
0.0170
0.0147
0.0132
0.0123
0.1321
0.1156
0.1047
0.0985
0.0403
0.0352
0.0319
0.0300
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
60.325
60.325
60.325
60.325
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
3.404
3.962
4.445
4.775
120
120
120
120
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
74,484
86,086
95,965
102,649
33,786
39,048
43,530
46,561
0.0521
0.0450
0.0403
0.0376
0.0159
0.0137
0.0123
0.0115
0.1591
0.1399
0.1274
0.1203
0.0485
0.0427
0.0388
0.0367
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
66.675
66.675
66.675
66.675
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
100
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
89,626
99,923
106,891
114,853
40,654
45,325
48,485
52,097
0.0449
0.0402
0.0376
0.0350
0.0137
0.0123
0.0115
0.0107
0.0961
0.0868
0.0815
0.0763
0.0293
0.0265
0.0248
0.0233
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
66.675
66.675
66.675
66.675
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
120
120
120
120
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
93,253
103,998
111,274
119,592
42,299
47,173
50,474
54,247
0.0422
0.0378
0.0353
0.0328
0.0129
0.0115
0.0108
0.0100
0.1111
0.1006
0.0947
0.0888
0.0339
0.0307
0.0289
0.0271
2.625
2.625
66.675
66.675
0.156
0.175
3.962
4.445
150
150
5.91
5.91
98,977
110,437
44,896
50,094
0.0382
0.0342
0.0116
0.0104
0.1539
0.1409
0.0469
0.0429

(mm)
(kg)
Stretch >Ft
(in)
Grade 120
CT OD
Rb
Wall
(in)
Ft
(mm)
(lb)
Stretch <Ft
40
(mm)
(in)
(mm)
2.625
2.625
66.675
66.675
0.188
0.203
4.775
5.156
150
150
5.91
5.91
118,204
127,092
53,617
57,649
0.0319
0.0296
0.0097
0.0090
0.1336
0.1265
0.0407
0.0386
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
73.025
73.025
73.025
73.025
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
100
100
100
100
3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
96,906
108,087
115,660
124,320
43,956
49,028
52,463
56,391
0.0419
0.0376
0.0351
0.0326
0.0128
0.0114
0.0107
0.0099
0.0825
0.0744
0.0697
0.0651
0.0252
0.0227
0.0213
0.0199
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
73.025
73.025
73.025
73.025
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
120
120
120
120
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
100,474
112,095
119,969
128,977
45,575
50,846
54,418
58,504
0.0397
0.0355
0.0332
0.0309
0.0121
0.0108
0.0101
0.0094
0.0927
0.0837
0.0786
0.0735
0.0283
0.0255
0.0240
0.0224
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
73.025
73.025
73.025
73.025
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
150
150
150
150
5.91
5.91
5.91
5.91
106,045
118,356
126,704
136,261
48,102
53,686
57,473
61,808
0.0364
0.0326
0.0304
0.0282
0.0111
0.0099
0.0093
0.0086
0.1174
0.1065
0.1004
0.0944
0.0358
0.0325
0.0306
0.0288
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
88.900
88.900
88.900
88.900
0.175
0.203
0.224
0.236
4.445
5.156
5.690
5.994
120
120
120
120
4.72
4.72
4.72
4.72
132,485
152,620
167,530
175,976
60,095
69,228
75,991
79,822
0.0307
0.0266
0.0243
0.0231
0.0094
0.0081
0.0074
0.0070
0.0596
0.0520
0.0476
0.0454
0.0182
0.0159
0.0145
0.0138
3.500
88.900
0.175
4.445
150
5.91
138,494
62,821
0.0287
0.0088
0.0688
0.0210
(kg)
(ft *)
(m **)
Stretch >Ft
(in)
(ft *)
(m **)


Grade 120
CT OD
Rb
Wall
(in)
Ft
(mm)
(lb)
Stretch <Ft
(kg)
(ft *)
(m **)
Stretch >Ft
(in)
(mm)
(in)
(mm)
(ft *)
(m **)
3.500
3.500
3.500
88.900
88.900
88.900
0.203
0.224
0.236
5.156
5.690
5.994
150
150
150
5.91
5.91
5.91
159,600
175,240
184,104
72,394
79,488
83,509
0.0249
0.0227
0.0216
0.0076
0.0069
0.0066
0.0602
0.0552
0.0528
0.0184
0.0168
0.0161
4.500
4.500
114.300
114.300
0.203
0.250
5.156
6.350
150
150
5.91
5.91
197,450
240,966
89,563
####
0.0207
0.0169
0.0063
0.0052
0.0391
0.0323
0.0119
0.0098
41

English Units
42
Po (psi)
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
Pi (psi)
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.041
-0.046
-0.052
-0.057
-0.063
-0.068
-0.074
-0.079
-0.085
-0.090
-0.096
-0.101
-0.107
-0.112
-0.118
-0.123
-0.129
-0.134
-0.140
-0.145
-0.151
-0.156
-0.162
-0.167
-0.173
-0.178
-0.184
-0.082
-0.093
-0.103
-0.114
-0.125
-0.136
-0.147
-0.158
-0.169
-0.180
-0.191
-0.202
-0.213
-0.224
-0.235
-0.246
-0.257
-0.268
-0.279
-0.290
-0.301
-0.313
-0.324
-0.335
-0.346
-0.357
-0.368
-0.123
-0.139
-0.155
-0.171
-0.188
-0.204
-0.221
-0.237
-0.254
-0.270
-0.287
-0.303
-0.320
-0.336
-0.353
-0.369
-0.386
-0.402
-0.419
-0.436
-0.452
-0.469
-0.485
-0.502
-0.519
-0.535
-0.552
-0.164
-0.185
-0.207
-0.229
-0.250
-0.272
-0.294
-0.316
-0.338
-0.360
-0.382
-0.404
-0.426
-0.448
-0.470
-0.492
-0.514
-0.537
-0.559
-0.581
-0.603
-0.625
-0.647
-0.669
-0.691
-0.714
-0.736
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.004
-0.002
-0.007
-0.013
-0.018
-0.024
-0.029
-0.035
-0.040
-0.046
-0.051
-0.057
-0.062
-0.068
-0.073
-0.079
-0.084
-0.090
-0.095
-0.101
-0.106
-0.112
-0.117
-0.123
-0.128
-0.134
-0.139
-0.037
-0.048
-0.059
-0.070
-0.081
-0.092
-0.103
-0.114
-0.125
-0.136
-0.147
-0.158
-0.169
-0.180
-0.191
-0.202
-0.213
-0.224
-0.235
-0.246
-0.257
-0.268
-0.279
-0.290
-0.301
-0.312
-0.323
-0.078
-0.094
-0.111
-0.127
-0.143
-0.160
-0.176
-0.193
-0.209
-0.226
-0.242
-0.259
-0.275
-0.292
-0.308
-0.325
-0.341
-0.358
-0.375
-0.391
-0.408
-0.424
-0.441
-0.458
-0.474
-0.491
-0.507
-0.034
-0.050
-0.066
-0.083
-0.099
-0.115
-0.132
-0.148
-0.165
-0.181
-0.198
-0.214
-0.231
-0.247
-0.264
-0.280
-0.297
-0.313
-0.330
-0.347
-0.363
-0.380
-0.396
-0.413
-0.430
-0.446
-0.463
OD/Wall
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
15.0
15.5
16.0
16.5
17.0
17.5
18.0
18.5
19.0
19.5
Feet of Stretch per 1,000 feet

-0.205
0.085
-0.231
0.091
-0.259
0.096
-0.286
0.102
-0.313
0.107
-0.340
0.113
-0.368
0.118
-0.395
0.123
-0.423
0.129
-0.450
0.134
-0.478
0.140
-0.505
0.145
-0.533
0.151
-0.560
0.156
-0.588
0.162
-0.615
0.168
-0.643
0.173
-0.671
0.179
-0.698
0.184
-0.726
0.190
-0.754
0.195
-0.781
0.201
-0.809
0.206
-0.837
0.212
-0.864
0.217
-0.892
0.223
-0.920
0.228

Elongation Due to Pressure - Poisson Effect

Metric Units
Po (kPa)
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
Pi (kPa)
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.030
-0.034
-0.037
-0.041
-0.045
-0.049
-0.053
-0.057
-0.061
-0.065
-0.069
-0.073
-0.077
-0.081
-0.085
-0.089
-0.093
-0.097
-0.101
-0.105
-0.109
-0.113
-0.117
-0.121
-0.125
-0.129
-0.133
-0.059
-0.067
-0.075
-0.083
-0.091
-0.099
-0.107
-0.115
-0.123
-0.131
-0.139
-0.147
-0.154
-0.162
-0.171
-0.179
-0.187
-0.195
-0.203
-0.211
-0.219
-0.227
-0.235
-0.243
-0.251
-0.259
-0.267
-0.089
-0.101
-0.112
-0.124
-0.136
-0.148
-0.160
-0.172
-0.184
-0.196
-0.208
-0.220
-0.232
-0.244
-0.256
-0.268
-0.280
-0.292
-0.304
-0.316
-0.328
-0.340
-0.352
-0.364
-0.376
-0.388
-0.400
-0.119
-0.134
-0.150
-0.166
-0.182
-0.197
-0.213
-0.229
-0.245
-0.261
-0.277
-0.293
-0.309
-0.325
-0.341
-0.357
-0.373
-0.389
-0.405
-0.421
-0.437
-0.453
-0.469
-0.485
-0.501
-0.517
-0.534
0.003
-0.001
-0.005
-0.009
-0.013
-0.017
-0.021
-0.025
-0.029
-0.033
-0.037
-0.041
-0.045
-0.049
-0.053
-0.057
-0.061
-0.065
-0.069
-0.073
-0.077
-0.081
-0.085
-0.089
-0.093
-0.097
-0.101
-0.027
-0.035
-0.043
-0.051
-0.059
-0.066
-0.074
-0.082
-0.090
-0.098
-0.106
-0.114
-0.122
-0.130
-0.138
-0.146
-0.154
-0.162
-0.170
-0.178
-0.186
-0.194
-0.202
-0.210
-0.218
-0.227
-0.235
-0.057
-0.068
-0.080
-0.092
-0.104
-0.116
-0.128
-0.140
-0.152
-0.164
-0.176
-0.188
-0.200
-0.212
-0.224
-0.236
-0.248
-0.260
-0.272
-0.284
-0.296
-0.308
-0.320
-0.332
-0.344
-0.356
-0.368
-0.086
-0.102
-0.118
-0.134
-0.149
-0.165
-0.181
-0.197
-0.213
-0.229
-0.245
-0.261
-0.277
-0.293
-0.309
-0.325
-0.341
-0.357
-0.373
-0.389
-0.405
-0.421
-0.437
-0.453
-0.469
-0.485
-0.501
OD/Wall
43
Meters of Stretch per 1,000 meters

-0.148
-0.168
-0.187
-0.207
-0.227
-0.247
-0.267
-0.286
-0.306
-0.326
-0.346
-0.366
-0.386
-0.406
-0.426
-0.446
-0.466
-0.486
-0.506
-0.526
-0.546
-0.567
-0.587
-0.607
-0.627
-0.647
-0.667
0.062
0.066
0.070
0.074
0.078
0.082
0.086
0.090
0.094
0.097
0.101
0.105
0.109
0.113
0.117
0.121
0.125
0.129
0.134
0.138
0.142
0.146
0.150
0.154
0.158
0.162
0.166
0.032
0.032
0.032
0.032
0.032
0.032
0.032
0.032
0.032
0.032
0.032
0.032
0.032
0.032
0.032
0.032
0.032
0.032
0.032
0.032
0.032
0.032
0.032
0.032
0.032
0.032
0.032

6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
15.0
15.5
16.0
16.5
17.0
17.5
18.0
18.5
19.0
19.5
English Units
44
Po (psi)
Pi (psi)
8,000
0
8,000
2,000
8,000
4,000
8,000
6,000
8,000
8,000
8,000
10,000
10,000
0
10,000
2,000
OD/Wall
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
15.0
15.5
16.0
16.5
17.0
17.5
18.0
18.5
19.0
19.5
0.341
0.363
0.385
0.406
0.428
0.450
0.472
0.494
0.516
0.538
0.560
0.582
0.604
0.626
0.648
0.670
0.692
0.714
0.736
0.759
0.781
0.803
0.825
0.847
0.869
0.891
0.914
0.301
0.317
0.333
0.349
0.366
0.382
0.398
0.415
0.431
0.448
0.464
0.481
0.497
0.514
0.530
0.547
0.564
0.580
0.597
0.613
0.630
0.647
0.663
0.680
0.696
0.713
0.730
0.260
0.270
0.281
0.292
0.303
0.314
0.325
0.336
0.347
0.358
0.369
0.380
0.391
0.402
0.413
0.424
0.435
0.446
0.457
0.468
0.479
0.490
0.501
0.512
0.523
0.535
0.546
0.219
0.224
0.229
0.235
0.240
0.246
0.251
0.257
0.262
0.268
0.273
0.279
0.284
0.290
0.295
0.301
0.306
0.312
0.317
0.323
0.328
0.334
0.340
0.345
0.351
0.356
0.362
0.178
0.178
0.178
0.178
0.178
0.178
0.178
0.178
0.178
0.178
0.178
0.178
0.178
0.178
0.178
0.178
0.178
0.178
0.178
0.178
0.178
0.178
0.178
0.178
0.178
0.178
0.178

0.137
0.427
0.386
0.131
0.454
0.407
0.126
0.481
0.429
0.121
0.508
0.451
0.115
0.535
0.473
0.110
0.563
0.494
0.104
0.590
0.516
0.099
0.617
0.538
0.093
0.645
0.560
0.088
0.672
0.582
0.082
0.700
0.604
0.077
0.727
0.626
0.071
0.755
0.648
0.066
0.782
0.670
0.060
0.810
0.692
0.055
0.838
0.715
0.049
0.865
0.737
0.044
0.893
0.759
0.038
0.920
0.781
0.033
0.948
0.803
0.027
0.976
0.825
0.022
1.003
0.847
0.016
1.031
0.869
0.010
1.059
0.892
0.005
1.087
0.914
-0.001
1.114
0.936
-0.006
1.142
0.958
10,000
4,000
10,000
6,000
10,000
8,000
10,000
10,000
0.345
0.361
0.377
0.394
0.410
0.426
0.443
0.459
0.476
0.492
0.509
0.525
0.542
0.558
0.575
0.591
0.608
0.625
0.641
0.658
0.674
0.691
0.708
0.724
0.741
0.757
0.774
0.304
0.315
0.326
0.337
0.347
0.358
0.369
0.380
0.391
0.402
0.413
0.424
0.435
0.446
0.457
0.468
0.479
0.490
0.502
0.513
0.524
0.535
0.546
0.557
0.568
0.579
0.590
0.263
0.269
0.274
0.279
0.285
0.290
0.296
0.301
0.307
0.312
0.318
0.323
0.329
0.334
0.340
0.345
0.351
0.356
0.362
0.367
0.373
0.378
0.384
0.390
0.395
0.401
0.406
0.222
0.222
0.222
0.222
0.222
0.222
0.222
0.222
0.222
0.222
0.222
0.222
0.222
0.222
0.222
0.222
0.222
0.222
0.222
0.222
0.222
0.222
0.222
0.222
0.222
0.222
0.222


Metric Units
45
20,000
20,000
20,000
20,000
20,000
20,000
30,000
30,000
30,000
30,000
30,000
30,000
Pi (kPa)
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
0.126
0.130
0.134
0.138
0.142
0.146
0.150
0.154
0.158
0.162
0.166
0.170
0.174
0.178
0.182
0.186
0.190
0.194
0.198
0.202
0.206
0.210
0.214
0.218
0.222
0.226
0.230
0.097
0.097
0.097
0.097
0.097
0.097
0.097
0.097
0.097
0.097
0.097
0.097
0.097
0.097
0.097
0.097
0.097
0.097
0.097
0.097
0.097
0.097
0.097
0.097
0.097
0.097
0.097
0.067
0.063
0.059
0.055
0.051
0.047
0.043
0.039
0.035
0.031
0.027
0.023
0.019
0.015
0.011
0.007
0.003
-0.001
-0.005
-0.009
-0.013
-0.017
-0.021
-0.025
-0.029
-0.033
-0.037
0.037
0.030
0.022
0.014
0.006
-0.002
-0.010
-0.018
-0.026
-0.034
-0.042
-0.050
-0.058
-0.066
-0.074
-0.082
-0.090
-0.098
-0.106
-0.114
-0.122
-0.130
-0.138
-0.146
-0.154
-0.162
-0.170
OD/Wall
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
15.0
15.5
16.0
16.5
17.0
17.5
18.0
18.5
19.0
19.5
0.124
0.132
0.139
0.147
0.155
0.163
0.171
0.179
0.187
0.195
0.203
0.211
0.219
0.227
0.235
0.243
0.251
0.259
0.267
0.275
0.283
0.291
0.299
0.307
0.315
0.323
0.331
0.094
0.098
0.102
0.106
0.110
0.114
0.118
0.122
0.126
0.130
0.134
0.138
0.142
0.146
0.150
0.154
0.158
0.162
0.166
0.170
0.174
0.178
0.182
0.186
0.190
0.194
0.198
0.064
0.064
0.064
0.064
0.064
0.064
0.064
0.064
0.064
0.064
0.064
0.064
0.064
0.064
0.064
0.064
0.064
0.064
0.064
0.064
0.064
0.064
0.064
0.064
0.064
0.064
0.064
0.035
0.031
0.027
0.023
0.019
0.015
0.011
0.007
0.003
-0.001
-0.005
-0.009
-0.013
-0.017
-0.021
-0.025
-0.029
-0.033
-0.037
-0.041
-0.045
-0.049
-0.053
-0.057
-0.061
-0.065
-0.069

0.005
-0.025
0.186
0.156
-0.003
-0.036
0.197
0.164
-0.011
-0.048
0.209
0.172
-0.018
-0.060
0.221
0.180
-0.026
-0.072
0.233
0.187
-0.034
-0.084
0.245
0.195
-0.042
-0.096
0.257
0.203
-0.050
-0.107
0.269
0.211
-0.058
-0.119
0.281
0.219
-0.066
-0.131
0.292
0.227
-0.074
-0.143
0.304
0.235
-0.082
-0.155
0.316
0.243
-0.090
-0.167
0.328
0.251
-0.098
-0.179
0.340
0.259
-0.106
-0.191
0.352
0.267
-0.114
-0.203
0.364
0.275
-0.122
-0.215
0.376
0.283
-0.130
-0.227
0.388
0.291
-0.138
-0.239
0.401
0.299
-0.146
-0.251
0.413
0.307
-0.154
-0.263
0.425
0.315
-0.162
-0.275
0.437
0.323
-0.170
-0.288
0.449
0.331
-0.178
-0.300
0.461
0.339
-0.186
-0.312
0.473
0.347
-0.194
-0.324
0.485
0.355
-0.202
-0.336
0.497
0.363

Po (kPa)
English Units
46
Po (psi)
Pi (psi)
4,000
0
4,000
2,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
6,000
4,000
8,000
OD/Wall
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
15.0
15.5
16.0
16.5
17.0
17.5
18.0
18.5
19.0
19.5
0.171
0.181
0.192
0.203
0.214
0.225
0.236
0.247
0.258
0.269
0.280
0.291
0.302
0.313
0.324
0.335
0.346
0.357
0.368
0.379
0.390
0.401
0.412
0.424
0.435
0.446
0.457
0.130
0.135
0.141
0.146
0.151
0.157
0.162
0.168
0.173
0.179
0.184
0.190
0.195
0.201
0.206
0.212
0.217
0.223
0.229
0.234
0.240
0.245
0.251
0.256
0.262
0.267
0.273
0.089
0.089
0.089
0.089
0.089
0.089
0.089
0.089
0.089
0.089
0.089
0.089
0.089
0.089
0.089
0.089
0.089
0.089
0.089
0.089
0.089
0.089
0.089
0.089
0.089
0.089
0.089
0.048
0.043
0.037
0.032
0.026
0.021
0.015
0.010
0.004
-0.001
-0.007
-0.012
-0.018
-0.023
-0.029
-0.034
-0.040
-0.045
-0.051
-0.056
-0.062
-0.067
-0.073
-0.078
-0.084
-0.090
-0.095
0.007
-0.004
-0.015
-0.025
-0.036
-0.047
-0.058
-0.069
-0.080
-0.091
-0.102
-0.113
-0.124
-0.135
-0.146
-0.157
-0.168
-0.179
-0.190
-0.201
-0.213
-0.224
-0.235
-0.246
-0.257
-0.268
-0.279
4,000
10,000
6,000
0

-0.034
0.256
-0.050
0.272
-0.066
0.288
-0.083
0.305
-0.099
0.321
-0.115
0.338
-0.132
0.354
-0.148
0.370
-0.165
0.387
-0.181
0.403
-0.198
0.420
-0.214
0.436
-0.231
0.453
-0.247
0.469
-0.264
0.486
-0.280
0.503
-0.297
0.519
-0.313
0.536
-0.330
0.552
-0.347
0.569
-0.363
0.585
-0.380
0.602
-0.396
0.619
-0.413
0.635
-0.430
0.652
-0.446
0.669
-0.463
0.685
6,000
2,000
6,000
4,000
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,000
6,000
10,000
0.215
0.226
0.237
0.248
0.259
0.269
0.280
0.291
0.302
0.313
0.324
0.335
0.346
0.357
0.368
0.379
0.391
0.402
0.413
0.424
0.435
0.446
0.457
0.468
0.479
0.490
0.501
0.174
0.180
0.185
0.190
0.196
0.201
0.207
0.212
0.218
0.223
0.229
0.234
0.240
0.245
0.251
0.256
0.262
0.267
0.273
0.279
0.284
0.290
0.295
0.301
0.306
0.312
0.317
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.133
0.092
0.087
0.082
0.076
0.071
0.065
0.060
0.054
0.049
0.043
0.038
0.032
0.027
0.021
0.016
0.010
0.005
-0.001
-0.006
-0.012
-0.017
-0.023
-0.028
-0.034
-0.040
-0.045
-0.051
0.052
0.041
0.030
0.019
0.008
-0.003
-0.014
-0.025
-0.036
-0.047
-0.058
-0.069
-0.080
-0.091
-0.102
-0.113
-0.124
-0.135
-0.146
-0.157
-0.168
-0.179
-0.190
-0.201
-0.212
-0.223
-0.235


Metric Units
47
40,000
0
40,000
10,000
40,000
20,000
40,000
30,000
OD/Wall
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
15.0
15.5
16.0
16.5
17.0
17.5
18.0
18.5
19.0
0.248
0.263
0.279
0.295
0.310
0.326
0.342
0.358
0.374
0.390
0.406
0.422
0.438
0.454
0.470
0.486
0.502
0.518
0.534
0.550
0.566
0.582
0.598
0.614
0.630
0.646
0.218
0.230
0.241
0.253
0.265
0.277
0.289
0.301
0.313
0.325
0.337
0.349
0.361
0.373
0.385
0.397
0.409
0.421
0.433
0.445
0.457
0.469
0.481
0.493
0.505
0.517
0.188
0.196
0.204
0.212
0.220
0.228
0.236
0.244
0.251
0.259
0.267
0.275
0.283
0.291
0.299
0.307
0.315
0.323
0.331
0.339
0.348
0.356
0.364
0.372
0.380
0.388
0.159
0.162
0.166
0.170
0.174
0.178
0.182
0.186
0.190
0.194
0.198
0.202
0.206
0.210
0.214
0.218
0.222
0.226
0.230
0.234
0.238
0.242
0.246
0.250
0.254
0.258
40,000
40,000
40,000
50,000
50,000
0
50,000
10,000

0.129
0.099
0.309
0.280
0.129
0.095
0.329
0.295
0.129
0.091
0.349
0.311
0.129
0.087
0.368
0.327
0.129
0.084
0.388
0.343
0.129
0.080
0.408
0.359
0.129
0.076
0.428
0.374
0.129
0.072
0.448
0.390
0.129
0.068
0.468
0.406
0.129
0.064
0.487
0.422
0.129
0.060
0.507
0.438
0.129
0.056
0.527
0.454
0.129
0.052
0.547
0.470
0.129
0.048
0.567
0.486
0.129
0.044
0.587
0.502
0.129
0.040
0.607
0.518
0.129
0.036
0.627
0.534
0.129
0.032
0.647
0.550
0.129
0.028
0.668
0.566
0.129
0.024
0.688
0.582
0.129
0.020
0.708
0.598
0.129
0.016
0.728
0.614
0.129
0.012
0.748
0.630
0.129
0.008
0.768
0.647
0.129
0.004
0.788
0.663
0.129
0.000
0.808
0.679
50,000
20,000
50,000
30,000
50,000
40,000
50,000
50,000
0.250
0.262
0.274
0.285
0.297
0.309
0.321
0.333
0.345
0.357
0.369
0.381
0.393
0.405
0.417
0.429
0.441
0.453
0.465
0.477
0.489
0.501
0.513
0.525
0.537
0.549
0.220
0.228
0.236
0.244
0.252
0.260
0.268
0.276
0.284
0.292
0.300
0.308
0.316
0.324
0.332
0.340
0.348
0.356
0.364
0.372
0.380
0.388
0.396
0.404
0.412
0.420
0.191
0.195
0.199
0.203
0.207
0.211
0.214
0.218
0.222
0.226
0.230
0.234
0.238
0.242
0.246
0.250
0.254
0.258
0.262
0.266
0.270
0.274
0.278
0.282
0.287
0.291
0.161
0.161
0.161
0.161
0.161
0.161
0.161
0.161
0.161
0.161
0.161
0.161
0.161
0.161
0.161
0.161
0.161
0.161
0.161
0.161
0.161
0.161
0.161
0.161
0.161
0.161

Po (kPa)
Pi (kPa)
English Units
Effective Axial Force (lb)
1,000
Hole
CT OD Wall
ID
HBL
(air)
2,500
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
HBL
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
(water)
48
in
in
in
lb
lb
ft
ft *
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.087
0.095
0.109
0.087
0.095
0.109
0.087
0.095
0.109
0.087
0.095
0.109
2.00
2.00
2.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
633
679
757
365
392
437
283
304
339
239
257
286
590
633
706
340
366
407
264
283
316
223
239
267
19.7
20.3
21.3
19.7
20.3
21.3
19.7
20.3
21.3
19.7
20.3
21.3
0.088
0.083
0.075
0.794
0.745
0.678
2.203
2.068
1.881
4.314
4.049
3.684
12.5
12.9
13.5
12.5
12.9
13.5
12.5
12.9
13.5
12.5
12.9
13.5
0.221
0.207
0.188
1.983
1.861
1.693
5.499
5.162
4.697
10.750
10.092
9.185
8.8
9.1
9.5
8.8
9.1
9.5
8.8
9.1
9.5
8.8
9.1
9.5
0.441
0.414
0.377
3.962
3.719
3.384
10.968
10.297
9.372
21.387
20.084
18.288
6.2
6.4
6.7
6.2
6.4
6.7
6.2
6.4
6.7
6.2
6.4
6.7
0.882
0.828
0.753
7.909
7.424
6.757
21.819
20.490
18.657
42.335
39.781
36.253
5.1
5.3
5.5
5.1
5.3
5.5
5.1
5.3
5.5
5.1
5.3
5.5
1.323
1.241
1.129
11.840
11.116
10.118
32.555
30.582
27.859
62.870
59.111
53.911
4.4
4.5
4.8
4.4
4.5
4.8
4.4
4.5
4.8
4.4
4.5
4.8
1.763
1.655
1.505
15.757
14.794
13.468
43.181
40.577
36.979
83.016
78.094
71.279
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
0.095
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
0.095
0.109
0.118
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
1,275
1,429
1,524
1,686
1,891
666
746
796
1,188
1,332
1,421
1,571
1,762
621
696
742
29.3
30.8
31.7
33.1
34.8
29.3
30.8
31.7
0.022
0.020
0.019
0.018
0.016
0.302
0.273
0.258
18.5
19.5
20.1
21.0
22.0
18.5
19.5
20.1
0.056
0.051
0.048
0.044
0.040
0.756
0.682
0.644
13.1
13.8
14.2
14.8
15.6
13.1
13.8
14.2
0.112
0.101
0.096
0.088
0.080
1.511
1.363
1.287
9.3
9.7
10.0
10.5
11.0
9.3
9.7
10.0
0.225
0.203
0.192
0.175
0.159
3.020
2.725
2.573
7.6
8.0
8.2
8.6
9.0
7.6
8.0
8.2
0.337
0.304
0.287
0.263
0.239
4.527
4.084
3.857
6.5
6.9
7.1
7.4
7.8
6.5
6.9
7.1
0.450
0.406
0.383
0.351
0.318
6.032
5.442
5.140
* Feet CT appears to shorten due to helical buckling for 1,000 ft length.
ft
ft *
ft
ft *
ft
ft *
ft
ft *
ft
ft *

Period & Shortening due to Helical Buckling
Period & Shortening due to Helical Buckling (CONT)

English Units
1,000
Hole
CT OD Wall
ID
HBL
(air)
2,500
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
HBL
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
(water)
49
in
in
lb
lb
ft
ft *
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
0.134
0.156
0.095
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
0.095
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
4.00
4.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
880
988
507
568
606
670
751
425
476
508
562
630
820
920
472
529
565
624
700
396
444
474
524
587
33.1
34.8
29.3
30.8
31.7
33.1
34.8
29.3
30.8
31.7
33.1
34.8
0.236
0.214
0.902
0.814
0.768
0.704
0.638
1.821
1.642
1.551
1.421
1.288
21.0
22.0
18.5
19.5
20.1
21.0
22.0
18.5
19.5
20.1
21.0
22.0
0.590
0.535
2.254
2.033
1.920
1.758
1.594
4.546
4.101
3.873
3.547
3.217
14.8
15.6
13.1
13.8
14.2
14.8
15.6
13.1
13.8
14.2
14.8
15.6
1.179
1.069
4.502
4.062
3.836
3.513
3.186
9.071
8.185
7.731
7.082
6.423
10.5
11.0
9.3
9.7
10.0
10.5
11.0
9.3
9.7
10.0
10.5
11.0
2.357
2.137
8.985
8.107
7.657
7.015
6.361
18.062
16.305
15.403
14.115
12.805
8.6
9.0
7.6
8.0
8.2
8.6
9.0
7.6
8.0
8.2
8.6
9.0
3.533
3.203
13.447
12.136
11.464
10.504
9.527
26.974
24.360
23.018
21.100
19.147
7.4
7.8
6.5
6.9
7.1
7.4
7.8
6.5
6.9
7.1
7.4
7.8
4.708
4.269
17.890
16.149
15.257
13.981
12.683
35.809
32.352
30.577
28.037
25.450
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
0.095
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
0.095
0.109
0.118
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
2,308
2,598
2,778
3,086
3,484
1,032
1,162
1,242
2,151
2,421
2,589
2,875
3,247
962
1,083
1,158
39.2
41.4
42.7
44.8
47.2
39.2
41.4
42.7
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.139
0.125
0.117
24.8
26.2
27.0
28.3
29.9
24.8
26.2
27.0
0.014
0.012
0.012
0.011
0.010
0.348
0.312
0.294
17.5
18.5
19.1
20.0
21.1
17.5
18.5
19.1
0.028
0.025
0.023
0.021
0.019
0.696
0.624
0.587
12.4
13.1
13.5
14.2
14.9
12.4
13.1
13.5
0.056
0.050
0.047
0.043
0.038
1.391
1.247
1.174
10.1
10.7
11.0
11.6
12.2
10.1
10.7
11.0
0.084
0.075
0.070
0.064
0.058
2.086
1.870
1.760
8.8
9.3
9.5
10.0
10.6
8.8
9.3
9.5
0.111
0.100
0.094
0.085
0.077
2.780
2.493
2.346
ft
ft *
ft
ft *
ft
ft *
ft
ft *
ft
ft *

in
English Units
1,000
Hole
CT OD Wall
ID
HBL
(air)
2,500
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
HBL
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
(water)
50
in
in
in
lb
lb
ft
ft *
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
0.134
0.156
0.095
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
0.095
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
4.00
4.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
1,380
1,558
769
866
926
1,029
1,161
640
721
770
856
966
1,286
1,452
717
807
863
958
1,082
597
672
718
797
900
44.8
47.2
39.2
41.4
42.7
44.8
47.2
39.2
41.4
42.7
44.8
47.2
0.107
0.096
0.451
0.404
0.380
0.346
0.311
0.940
0.843
0.794
0.722
0.649
28.3
29.9
24.8
26.2
27.0
28.3
29.9
24.8
26.2
27.0
28.3
29.9
0.267
0.240
1.127
1.010
0.951
0.865
0.777
2.350
2.107
1.983
1.804
1.621
20.0
21.1
17.5
18.5
19.1
20.0
21.1
17.5
18.5
19.1
20.0
21.1
0.534
0.480
2.252
2.020
1.901
1.729
1.554
4.694
4.210
3.961
3.605
3.239
14.2
14.9
12.4
13.1
13.5
14.2
14.9
12.4
13.1
13.5
14.2
14.9
1.068
0.959
4.500
4.036
3.797
3.456
3.105
9.365
8.402
7.907
7.196
6.468
11.6
12.2
10.1
10.7
11.0
11.6
12.2
10.1
10.7
11.0
11.6
12.2
1.601
1.439
6.742
6.048
5.691
5.179
4.654
14.015
12.577
11.837
10.775
9.686
10.0
10.6
8.8
9.3
9.5
10.0
10.6
8.8
9.3
9.5
10.0
10.6
2.134
1.918
8.979
8.056
7.581
6.899
6.201
18.644
16.735
15.752
14.341
12.894
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.109
0.118
0.134
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
1,703
1,824
2,033
2,306
2,529
1,239
1,327
1,479
1,587
1,700
1,894
2,149
2,357
1,155
1,237
1,378
53.0
54.7
57.5
60.9
63.4
53.0
54.7
57.5
0.062
0.058
0.052
0.047
0.043
0.220
0.206
0.187
33.5
34.6
36.4
38.5
40.1
33.5
34.6
36.4
0.154
0.145
0.131
0.117
0.108
0.550
0.516
0.467
23.7
24.5
25.7
27.2
28.4
23.7
24.5
25.7
0.308
0.289
0.262
0.234
0.216
1.100
1.032
0.935
16.8
17.3
18.2
19.3
20.1
16.8
17.3
18.2
0.617
0.579
0.524
0.468
0.431
2.198
2.063
1.868
13.7
14.1
14.9
15.7
16.4
13.7
14.1
14.9
0.925
0.868
0.786
0.702
0.646
3.296
3.093
2.801
11.9
12.2
12.9
13.6
14.2
11.9
12.2
12.9
1.233
1.157
1.048
0.935
0.862
4.392
4.122
3.733
ft
ft *
ft
ft *
ft
ft *
ft
ft *
ft
ft *


English Units
1,000
Hole
CT OD Wall
ID
HBL
(air)
2,500
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
HBL
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
(water)
51
in
in
lb
lb
ft
ft *
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
0.156
0.175
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.109
0.118
0.134
0.156
0.175
6.00
6.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
1,678
1,840
1,022
1,095
1,220
1,383
1,517
889
953
1,062
1,204
1,321
1,563
1,715
952
1,020
1,137
1,289
1,414
829
888
989
1,122
1,231
60.9
63.4
53.0
54.7
57.5
60.9
63.4
53.0
54.7
57.5
60.9
63.4
0.167
0.154
0.476
0.446
0.404
0.361
0.333
0.829
0.778
0.704
0.629
0.579
38.5
40.1
33.5
34.6
36.4
38.5
40.1
33.5
34.6
36.4
38.5
40.1
0.417
0.384
1.189
1.116
1.010
0.902
0.831
2.071
1.943
1.760
1.571
1.448
27.2
28.4
23.7
24.5
25.7
27.2
28.4
23.7
24.5
25.7
27.2
28.4
0.834
0.769
2.377
2.230
2.020
1.803
1.662
4.138
3.883
3.517
3.140
2.894
19.3
20.1
16.8
17.3
18.2
19.3
20.1
16.8
17.3
18.2
19.3
20.1
1.668
1.537
4.748
4.456
4.036
3.603
3.321
8.259
7.751
7.022
6.270
5.780
15.7
16.4
13.7
14.1
14.9
15.7
16.4
13.7
14.1
14.9
15.7
16.4
2.501
2.305
7.114
6.677
6.048
5.400
4.978
12.363
11.605
10.514
9.391
8.657
13.6
14.2
11.9
12.2
12.9
13.6
14.2
11.9
12.2
12.9
13.6
14.2
3.333
3.072
9.474
8.892
8.056
7.194
6.631
16.450
15.444
13.995
12.501
11.526
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
0.134
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.134
0.175
0.188
0.203
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
2,872
3,596
3,811
4,051
2,031
2,542
2,695
2,864
2,677
3,351
3,551
3,775
1,893
2,369
2,511
2,669
71.3
79.0
81.1
83.3
71.3
79.0
81.1
83.3
0.027
0.022
0.021
0.020
0.108
0.088
0.083
0.079
45.1
50.0
51.3
52.7
45.1
50.0
51.3
52.7
0.067
0.055
0.052
0.049
0.269
0.220
0.209
0.198
31.9
35.3
36.3
37.2
31.9
35.3
36.3
37.2
0.135
0.110
0.104
0.099
0.539
0.439
0.417
0.395
22.6
25.0
25.6
26.3
22.6
25.0
25.6
26.3
0.269
0.220
0.209
0.198
1.077
0.878
0.834
0.790
18.4
20.4
20.9
21.5
18.4
20.4
20.9
21.5
0.404
0.329
0.313
0.296
1.615
1.317
1.251
1.185
15.9
17.7
18.1
18.6
15.9
17.7
18.1
18.6
0.539
0.439
0.417
0.395
2.153
1.756
1.667
1.580
ft
ft *
ft
ft *
ft
ft *
ft
ft *
ft
ft *

in
English Units
1,000
Hole
CT OD Wall
ID
HBL
(air)
2,500
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
HBL
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
(water)
52
in
in
in
lb
lb
ft
ft *
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
0.134
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.134
0.175
0.188
0.203
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
1,658
2,076
2,200
2,339
1,436
1,798
1,905
2,025
1,545
1,935
2,050
2,180
1,338
1,675
1,776
1,888
71.3
79.0
81.1
83.3
71.3
79.0
81.1
83.3
0.242
0.198
0.188
0.178
0.431
0.351
0.334
0.316
45.1
50.0
51.3
52.7
45.1
50.0
51.3
52.7
0.606
0.494
0.469
0.445
1.077
0.878
0.834
0.790
31.9
35.3
36.3
37.2
31.9
35.3
36.3
37.2
1.212
0.988
0.938
0.889
2.153
1.756
1.667
1.580
22.6
25.0
25.6
26.3
22.6
25.0
25.6
26.3
2.422
1.975
1.875
1.777
4.302
3.508
3.331
3.157
18.4
20.4
20.9
21.5
18.4
20.4
20.9
21.5
3.631
2.961
2.812
2.665
6.446
5.258
4.993
4.732
15.9
17.7
18.1
18.6
15.9
17.7
18.1
18.6
4.838
3.946
3.747
3.551
8.585
7.004
6.652
6.305
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
4,593
5,246
5,788
6,148
3,075
3,512
3,875
4,116
2,468
2,820
3,111
3,305
4,280
4,889
5,394
5,730
2,866
3,273
3,612
3,836
2,300
2,628
2,899
3,080
93.8
99.8
104.4
107.3
93.8
99.8
104.4
107.3
93.8
99.8
104.4
107.3
0.010
0.009
0.008
0.008
0.051
0.045
0.041
0.039
0.123
0.109
0.099
0.094
59.3
63.1
66.0
67.9
59.3
63.1
66.0
67.9
59.3
63.1
66.0
67.9
0.026
0.023
0.021
0.020
0.128
0.113
0.103
0.098
0.308
0.272
0.249
0.235
41.9
44.6
46.7
48.0
41.9
44.6
46.7
48.0
41.9
44.6
46.7
48.0
0.051
0.045
0.042
0.039
0.256
0.226
0.207
0.195
0.616
0.544
0.497
0.471
29.7
31.6
33.0
33.9
29.7
31.6
33.0
33.9
29.7
31.6
33.0
33.9
0.103
0.091
0.083
0.079
0.512
0.452
0.413
0.391
1.232
1.088
0.994
0.941
24.2
25.8
27.0
27.7
24.2
25.8
27.0
27.7
24.2
25.8
27.0
27.7
0.154
0.136
0.125
0.118
0.767
0.678
0.619
0.586
1.847
1.632
1.491
1.411
21.0
22.3
23.3
24.0
21.0
22.3
23.3
24.0
21.0
22.3
23.3
24.0
0.206
0.182
0.166
0.157
1.023
0.904
0.826
0.782
2.462
2.175
1.987
1.881
ft
ft *
ft
ft *
ft
ft *
ft
ft *
ft
ft *


English Units
1,000
Hole
CT OD Wall
ID
HBL
(air)
2,500
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
HBL
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
(water)
53
in
in
lb
lb
ft
ft *
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
0.134
0.156
0.175
0.188
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
2,120
2,422
2,672
2,838
1,976
2,257
2,490
2,645
93.8
99.8
104.4
107.3
0.226
0.200
0.183
0.173
59.3
63.1
66.0
67.9
0.566
0.500
0.457
0.432
41.9
44.6
46.7
48.0
1.132
1.000
0.913
0.865
29.7
31.6
33.0
33.9
2.262
1.999
1.826
1.728
24.2
25.8
27.0
27.7
3.391
2.997
2.738
2.592
21.0
22.3
23.3
24.0
4.519
3.994
3.649
3.454
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
7,057
7,799
8,293
8,850
4,504
4,978
5,294
5,649
3,569
3,945
4,195
4,476
3,047
3,368
3,581
3,821
6,576
7,268
7,729
8,247
4,198
4,639
4,933
5,264
3,326
3,676
3,909
4,171
2,840
3,138
3,337
3,561
117.1
122.6
126.1
129.9
117.1
122.6
126.1
129.9
117.1
122.6
126.1
129.9
117.1
122.6
126.1
129.9
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.028
0.026
0.025
0.023
0.072
0.066
0.062
0.059
0.136
0.124
0.117
0.110
74.0
77.6
79.8
82.2
74.0
77.6
79.8
82.2
74.0
77.6
79.8
82.2
74.0
77.6
79.8
82.2
0.012
0.011
0.010
0.010
0.071
0.065
0.061
0.058
0.181
0.165
0.156
0.147
0.340
0.310
0.293
0.276
52.4
54.8
56.4
58.1
52.4
54.8
56.4
58.1
52.4
54.8
56.4
58.1
52.4
54.8
56.4
58.1
0.024
0.022
0.020
0.019
0.142
0.130
0.123
0.116
0.361
0.329
0.311
0.293
0.680
0.620
0.585
0.552
37.0
38.8
39.9
41.1
37.0
38.8
39.9
41.1
37.0
38.8
39.9
41.1
37.0
38.8
39.9
41.1
0.047
0.043
0.041
0.038
0.285
0.260
0.245
0.231
0.722
0.658
0.622
0.586
1.359
1.239
1.171
1.103
30.2
31.7
32.6
33.6
30.2
31.7
32.6
33.6
30.2
31.7
32.6
33.6
30.2
31.7
32.6
33.6
0.071
0.065
0.061
0.058
0.427
0.389
0.368
0.347
1.083
0.987
0.933
0.879
2.038
1.857
1.755
1.654
26.2
27.4
28.2
29.1
26.2
27.4
28.2
29.1
26.2
27.4
28.2
29.1
26.2
27.4
28.2
29.1
0.095
0.086
0.081
0.077
0.569
0.519
0.490
0.462
1.444
1.316
1.244
1.172
2.716
2.476
2.340
2.205
ft
ft *
ft
ft *
ft
ft *
ft
ft *
ft
ft *

in
English Units
1,000
Hole
CT OD Wall
ID
in
HBL
(air)
lb
2,500
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
HBL
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
(water)
54
in
in
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
4.00
9,458
4.00 10,467
4.00 11,140
4.00 11,901
6.00
5,675
6.00
6,280
6.00
6,684
6.00
7,140
8.00
4,431
8.00
4,904
8.00
5,220
8.00
5,576
10.00 3,758
10.00 4,159
10.00 4,427
10.00 4,729
8,814
9,754
10,382
11,090
5,288
5,853
6,229
6,654
4,130
4,570
4,864
5,196
3,502
3,876
4,125
4,407
135.2
141.8
146.0
150.5
135.2
141.8
146.0
150.5
135.2
141.8
146.0
150.5
135.2
141.8
146.0
150.5
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.018
0.017
0.016
0.015
0.049
0.045
0.042
0.040
0.095
0.087
0.082
0.077
85.5
89.7
92.3
95.2
85.5
89.7
92.3
95.2
85.5
89.7
92.3
95.2
85.5
89.7
92.3
95.2
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.046
0.042
0.039
0.037
0.123
0.112
0.106
0.099
0.238
0.216
0.204
0.192
60.5
63.4
65.3
67.3
60.5
63.4
65.3
67.3
60.5
63.4
65.3
67.3
60.5
63.4
65.3
67.3
0.012
0.011
0.010
0.010
0.091
0.083
0.079
0.074
0.246
0.224
0.211
0.199
0.475
0.432
0.408
0.384
42.8
44.8
46.2
47.6
42.8
44.8
46.2
47.6
42.8
44.8
46.2
47.6
42.8
44.8
46.2
47.6
0.024
0.022
0.020
0.019
0.183
0.166
0.157
0.148
0.492
0.448
0.422
0.397
0.951
0.865
0.816
0.768
34.9
36.6
37.7
38.9
34.9
36.6
37.7
38.9
34.9
36.6
37.7
38.9
34.9
36.6
37.7
38.9
0.036
0.032
0.031
0.029
0.274
0.250
0.236
0.222
0.738
0.671
0.633
0.596
1.426
1.297
1.224
1.152
30.2
31.7
32.6
33.6
30.2
31.7
32.6
33.6
30.2
31.7
32.6
33.6
30.2
31.7
32.6
33.6
0.047
0.043
0.041
0.038
0.366
0.333
0.314
0.296
0.984
0.895
0.845
0.795
1.900
1.729
1.632
1.535
3.500
3.500
3.500
0.175
0.203
0.224
4.00
4.00
4.00
22,173
25,303
27,578
193.7
206.1
214.5
0.000
0.000
0.000
122.5
130.3
135.6
0.001
0.001
0.000
86.6
92.1
95.9
0.001
0.001
0.001
61.2
65.2
67.8
0.002
0.002
0.002
50.0
53.2
55.4
0.003
0.003
0.003
43.3
46.1
48.0
0.005
0.004
0.004
23,794
27,152
29,593
lb
ft
ft *
ft
ft *
ft
ft *
ft
ft *
ft
ft *
ft
ft *


English Units
1,000
Hole
CT OD Wall
ID
HBL
(air)
2,500
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
HBL
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
(water)
55
in
in
lb
lb
ft
ft *
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
0.250
0.175
0.203
0.224
0.250
0.175
0.203
0.224
0.250
0.175
0.203
0.224
0.250
4.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
32,526
10,641
12,143
13,234
14,546
7,931
9,051
9,864
10,842
6,599
7,531
8,208
9,021
30,311
9,916
11,316
12,333
13,555
7,391
8,434
9,193
10,104
6,150
7,018
7,649
8,407
224.0
193.7
206.1
214.5
224.0
193.7
206.1
214.5
224.0
193.7
206.1
214.5
224.0
0.000
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.019
0.016
0.015
0.014
0.039
0.034
0.031
0.029
141.7
122.5
130.3
135.6
141.7
122.5
130.3
135.6
141.7
122.5
130.3
135.6
141.7
0.000
0.014
0.013
0.012
0.011
0.046
0.041
0.038
0.035
0.097
0.085
0.079
0.072
100.2
86.6
92.1
95.9
100.2
86.6
92.1
95.9
100.2
86.6
92.1
95.9
100.2
0.001
0.029
0.025
0.023
0.021
0.093
0.082
0.075
0.069
0.193
0.170
0.157
0.144
70.8
61.2
65.2
67.8
70.8
61.2
65.2
67.8
70.8
61.2
65.2
67.8
70.8
0.002
0.057
0.050
0.047
0.043
0.185
0.163
0.151
0.138
0.386
0.341
0.315
0.288
57.8
50.0
53.2
55.4
57.8
50.0
53.2
55.4
57.8
50.0
53.2
55.4
57.8
0.003
0.086
0.076
0.070
0.064
0.278
0.245
0.226
0.207
0.579
0.511
0.472
0.433
50.1
43.3
46.1
48.0
50.1
43.3
46.1
48.0
50.1
43.3
46.1
48.0
50.1
0.003
0.114
0.101
0.093
0.085
0.370
0.327
0.302
0.277
0.772
0.682
0.629
0.577
4.500
4.500
4.500
4.500
4.500
4.500
4.500
0.204 6.00
0.224 6.00
0.250 6.00
0.204 8.00
0.224 8.00
0.250 8.00
0.204 10.00
26,726
29,080
32,074
17,496
19,037
20,997
13,957
24,906
27,100
29,890
16,305
17,741
19,567
13,007
307.0
319.5
334.6
307.0
319.5
334.6
307.0
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.011
194.2
202.1
211.6
194.2
202.1
211.6
194.2
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.011
0.010
0.009
0.027
137.3
142.9
149.6
137.3
142.9
149.6
137.3
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.022
0.021
0.019
0.055
97.1
101.0
105.8
97.1
101.0
105.8
97.1
0.008
0.008
0.007
0.045
0.041
0.037
0.110
79.3
82.5
86.4
79.3
82.5
86.4
79.3
0.012
0.011
0.010
0.067
0.062
0.056
0.165
68.6
71.4
74.8
68.6
71.4
74.8
68.6
0.016
0.015
0.014
0.089
0.082
0.075
0.220
ft
ft *
ft
ft *
ft
ft *
ft
ft *
ft
ft *

in
English Units
1,000
Hole
CT OD Wall
ID
in
4.500
4.500
in
in
HBL
(air)
lb
0.224 10.00 15,187

0.250 10.00 16,750
2,500
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
HBL
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
(water)
lb
14,153
15,609
ft
319.5
334.6
ft *
0.010
0.009
ft
202.1
211.6
ft *
0.025
0.023
ft
142.9
149.6
ft *
0.051
0.046
ft
101.0
105.8
ft *
0.102
0.093
ft
82.5
86.4
ft *
0.152
0.139
ft
71.4
74.8
ft *
0.203
0.185

56
Period & Shortening due to Helical Buckling

Metric Units
Effective Axial Force (kg)
500
Hole
CT OD Wall
ID
HBL
(air)
1,000
2,500
5,000
7,500
10,000
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
HBL
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
(water)
57
mm
mm
kg
kg
m*
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
2.21
2.41
2.77
2.21
2.41
2.77
2.21
2.41
2.77
2.21
2.41
2.77
50
50
50
100
100
100
150
150
150
200
200
200
292
313
349
167
180
200
130
139
155
109
118
131
272
292
325
156
168
187
121
130
144
102
110
122
5.7
5.9
6.2
5.7
5.9
6.2
5.7
5.9
6.2
5.7
5.9
6.2
0.091
0.086
0.078
0.839
0.787
0.716
2.338
2.194
1.996
4.586
4.304
3.916
4.0
4.2
4.4
4.0
4.2
4.4
4.0
4.2
4.4
4.0
4.2
4.4
0.182
0.171
0.156
1.677
1.574
1.432
4.670
4.384
3.989
9.151
8.590
7.818
2.6
2.6
2.8
2.6
2.6
2.8
2.6
2.6
2.8
2.6
2.6
2.8
0.456
0.428
0.389
4.186
3.929
3.575
11.636
10.924
9.943
22.723
21.340
19.432
1.8
1.9
2.0
1.8
1.9
2.0
1.8
1.9
2.0
1.8
1.9
2.0
0.912
0.856
0.779
8.356
7.844
7.138
23.139
21.731
19.789
44.952
42.243
38.500
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.368
1.284
1.168
12.508
11.743
10.688
34.515
32.425
29.540
66.717
62.734
57.225
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.823
1.711
1.557
16.643
15.627
14.226
45.767
43.010
39.201
88.048
82.838
75.623
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
2.41
2.77
3.00
3.40
3.96
2.41
2.77
3.00
50
50
50
50
50
100
100
100
591
662
706
781
876
306
342
365
551
617
658
728
817
285
319
340
8.5
8.9
9.2
9.6
10.1
8.5
8.9
9.2
0.023
0.021
0.019
0.018
0.016
0.318
0.287
0.271
6.0
6.3
6.5
6.8
7.1
6.0
6.3
6.5
0.046
0.041
0.039
0.036
0.032
0.637
0.574
0.542
3.8
4.0
4.1
4.3
4.5
3.8
4.0
4.1
0.114
0.103
0.097
0.089
0.080
1.591
1.435
1.355
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.2
2.7
2.8
2.9
0.228
0.205
0.194
0.178
0.161
3.179
2.868
2.708
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.2
2.3
2.4
0.341
0.308
0.291
0.266
0.241
4.765
4.298
4.059
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
1.9
2.0
2.1
0.455
0.411
0.388
0.355
0.322
6.348
5.727
5.409
* Meters CT appears to shorten due to helical buckling for 1,000 m length.
m*
m*
m*
m*
m*

mm
Metric Units
500
Hole
CT OD Wall
ID
HBL
(air)
1,000
2,500
5,000
7,500
10,000
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
HBL
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
(water)
58
mm
mm
mm
kg
kg
m*
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
3.40
3.96
2.41
2.77
3.00
3.40
3.96
2.41
2.77
3.00
3.40
3.96
100
100
150
150
150
150
150
200
200
200
200
200
404
453
232
260
277
307
344
195
218
233
257
289
376
422
216
242
259
286
321
181
203
217
240
269
9.6
10.1
8.5
8.9
9.2
9.6
10.1
8.5
8.9
9.2
9.6
10.1
0.248
0.225
0.955
0.862
0.814
0.745
0.676
1.933
1.744
1.647
1.508
1.367
6.8
7.1
6.0
6.3
6.5
6.8
7.1
6.0
6.3
6.5
6.8
7.1
0.497
0.450
1.910
1.723
1.627
1.490
1.351
3.863
3.484
3.291
3.014
2.733
4.3
4.5
3.8
4.0
4.1
4.3
4.5
3.8
4.0
4.1
4.3
4.5
1.241
1.125
4.768
4.301
4.062
3.721
3.374
9.629
8.688
8.206
7.518
6.818
3.0
3.2
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.2
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.2
2.480
2.249
9.513
8.584
8.108
7.428
6.736
19.166
17.302
16.347
14.980
13.590
2.5
2.6
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
3.718
3.371
14.236
12.848
12.137
11.121
10.087
28.616
25.844
24.422
22.388
20.317
2.2
2.3
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
4.955
4.493
18.937
17.095
16.151
14.801
13.427
37.979
34.316
32.434
29.743
27.000
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
2.41
2.77
3.00
3.40
3.96
2.41
2.77
3.00
50
50
50
50
50
100
100
100
1,081
1,217
1,301
1,446
1,632
474
534
571
1,008
1,134
1,213
1,347
1,521
442
497
532
11.4
12.0
12.4
13.0
13.7
11.4
12.0
12.4
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.146
0.131
0.123
8.1
8.5
8.8
9.2
9.7
8.1
8.5
8.8
0.011
0.010
0.009
0.008
0.007
0.292
0.261
0.246
5.1
5.4
5.5
5.8
6.1
5.1
5.4
5.5
0.027
0.024
0.023
0.021
0.019
0.729
0.654
0.615
3.6
3.8
3.9
4.1
4.3
3.6
3.8
3.9
0.054
0.048
0.045
0.041
0.037
1.457
1.307
1.229
2.9
3.1
3.2
3.4
3.5
2.9
3.1
3.2
0.081
0.072
0.068
0.062
0.056
2.185
1.960
1.844
2.5
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.1
2.5
2.7
2.8
0.108
0.097
0.091
0.083
0.074
2.912
2.612
2.457
m*
m*
m*
m*
m*


Metric Units
500
Hole
CT OD Wall
ID
HBL
(air)
1,000
2,500
5,000
7,500
10,000
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
HBL
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
(water)
59
mm
mm
kg
kg
m*
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
3.40
3.96
2.41
2.77
3.00
3.40
3.96
2.41
2.77
3.00
3.40
3.96
100
100
150
150
150
150
150
200
200
200
200
200
634
716
353
397
424
471
532
293
330
353
392
443
591
667
329
370
396
439
496
273
308
329
365
412
13.0
13.7
11.4
12.0
12.4
13.0
13.7
11.4
12.0
12.4
13.0
13.7
0.112
0.101
0.476
0.427
0.402
0.366
0.329
0.997
0.894
0.841
0.765
0.688
9.2
9.7
8.1
8.5
8.8
9.2
9.7
8.1
8.5
8.8
9.2
9.7
0.224
0.201
0.953
0.854
0.804
0.731
0.657
1.993
1.787
1.682
1.530
1.375
5.8
6.1
5.1
5.4
5.5
5.8
6.1
5.1
5.4
5.5
5.8
6.1
0.559
0.503
2.380
2.134
2.008
1.827
1.642
4.975
4.463
4.199
3.821
3.434
4.1
4.3
3.6
3.8
3.9
4.1
4.3
3.6
3.8
3.9
4.1
4.3
1.119
1.005
4.754
4.264
4.012
3.651
3.281
9.926
8.906
8.381
7.628
6.856
3.4
3.5
2.9
3.1
3.2
3.4
3.5
2.9
3.1
3.2
3.4
3.5
1.677
1.507
7.123
6.390
6.012
5.472
4.917
14.853
13.329
12.545
11.420
10.266
2.9
3.1
2.5
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.1
2.5
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.1
2.236
2.009
9.486
8.510
8.009
7.289
6.551
19.756
17.733
16.692
15.198
13.665
44.5
44.5
44.5
44.5
44.5
44.5
44.5
44.5
2.77
3.00
3.40
3.96
4.45
2.77
3.00
3.40
100
100
100
100
100
150
150
150
783
839
935
1,061
1,163
568
609
678
730
782
871
988
1,084
530
567
632
15.4
15.9
16.7
17.7
18.4
15.4
15.9
16.7
0.064
0.060
0.055
0.049
0.045
0.232
0.218
0.197
10.9
11.2
11.8
12.5
13.0
10.9
11.2
11.8
0.128
0.121
0.109
0.097
0.090
0.464
0.435
0.394
6.9
7.1
7.5
7.9
8.2
6.9
7.1
7.5
0.321
0.301
0.273
0.244
0.225
1.159
1.088
0.985
4.9
5.0
5.3
5.6
5.8
4.9
5.0
5.3
0.642
0.603
0.546
0.487
0.449
2.317
2.174
1.969
4.0
4.1
4.3
4.6
4.8
4.0
4.1
4.3
0.963
0.904
0.819
0.731
0.673
3.473
3.260
2.952
3.4
3.6
3.7
4.0
4.1
3.4
3.6
3.7
1.284
1.205
1.091
0.974
0.898
4.629
4.344
3.934
m*
m*
m*
m*
m*

mm
Metric Units
500
Hole
CT OD Wall
ID
HBL
(air)
1,000
2,500
5,000
7,500
10,000
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
HBL
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
(water)
60
mm
mm
mm
kg
kg
m*
44.5
44.5
44.5
44.5
44.5
44.5
44.5
44.5
44.5
44.5
44.5
44.5
3.96
4.45
2.77
3.00
3.40
3.96
4.45
2.77
3.00
3.40
3.96
4.45
150
150
200
200
200
200
200
250
250
250
250
250
769
844
468
501
559
634
695
407
436
486
551
605
717
786
436
467
521
591
648
380
407
453
514
564
17.7
18.4
15.4
15.9
16.7
17.7
18.4
15.4
15.9
16.7
17.7
18.4
0.176
0.162
0.504
0.473
0.428
0.382
0.352
0.879
0.825
0.747
0.667
0.615
12.5
13.0
10.9
11.2
11.8
12.5
13.0
10.9
11.2
11.8
12.5
13.0
0.352
0.324
1.007
0.945
0.856
0.764
0.704
1.758
1.650
1.494
1.334
1.229
7.9
8.2
6.9
7.1
7.5
7.9
8.2
6.9
7.1
7.5
7.9
8.2
0.879
0.810
2.516
2.361
2.138
1.909
1.759
4.389
4.119
3.730
3.331
3.070
5.6
5.8
4.9
5.0
5.3
5.6
5.8
4.9
5.0
5.3
5.6
5.8
1.758
1.620
5.025
4.716
4.271
3.814
3.515
8.759
8.221
7.447
6.650
6.130
4.6
4.8
4.0
4.1
4.3
4.6
4.8
4.0
4.1
4.3
4.6
4.8
2.636
2.429
7.528
7.066
6.400
5.715
5.268
13.110
12.306
11.150
9.959
9.181
4.0
4.1
3.4
3.6
3.7
4.0
4.1
3.4
3.6
3.7
4.0
4.1
3.513
3.237
10.025
9.410
8.525
7.613
7.018
17.442
16.375
14.839
13.257
12.223
50.8
50.8
50.8
50.8
50.8
50.8
50.8
50.8
3.40
4.45
4.78
5.16
3.40
4.45
4.78
5.16
100
100
100
100
150
150
150
150
1,324
1,657
1,756
1,867
932
1,167
1,237
1,315
1,234
1,544
1,637
1,740
869
1,087
1,153
1,225
20.7
22.9
23.5
24.2
20.7
22.9
23.5
24.2
0.028
0.023
0.022
0.020
0.113
0.092
0.088
0.083
14.6
16.2
16.6
17.1
14.6
16.2
16.6
17.1
0.056
0.045
0.043
0.041
0.227
0.185
0.175
0.166
9.3
10.3
10.5
10.8
9.3
10.3
10.5
10.8
0.139
0.114
0.108
0.102
0.566
0.462
0.438
0.415
6.5
7.3
7.4
7.6
6.5
7.3
7.4
7.6
0.279
0.227
0.216
0.204
1.132
0.923
0.876
0.831
5.3
5.9
6.1
6.2
5.3
5.9
6.1
6.2
0.418
0.341
0.323
0.307
1.698
1.384
1.314
1.246
4.6
5.1
5.3
5.4
4.6
5.1
5.3
5.4
0.557
0.454
0.431
0.409
2.263
1.845
1.752
1.660
m*
m*
m*
m*
m*


Metric Units
500
Hole
CT OD Wall
ID
HBL
(air)
1,000
2,500
5,000
7,500
10,000
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
HBL
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
(water)
61
mm
mm
kg
kg
m*
50.8
50.8
50.8
50.8
50.8
50.8
50.8
50.8
3.40
4.45
4.78
5.16
3.40
4.45
4.78
5.16
200
200
200
200
250
250
250
250
760
951
1,008
1,072
658
823
873
928
708
887
940
999
613
767
813
865
20.7
22.9
23.5
24.2
20.7
22.9
23.5
24.2
0.256
0.209
0.198
0.188
0.457
0.372
0.353
0.335
14.6
16.2
16.6
17.1
14.6
16.2
16.6
17.1
0.512
0.418
0.397
0.376
0.913
0.744
0.707
0.670
9.3
10.3
10.5
10.8
9.3
10.3
10.5
10.8
1.280
1.044
0.991
0.939
2.281
1.860
1.766
1.674
6.5
7.3
7.4
7.6
6.5
7.3
7.4
7.6
2.559
2.087
1.981
1.878
4.557
3.717
3.529
3.345
5.3
5.9
6.1
6.2
5.3
5.9
6.1
6.2
3.836
3.128
2.971
2.815
6.828
5.570
5.289
5.013
4.6
5.1
5.3
5.4
4.6
5.1
5.3
5.4
5.112
4.169
3.959
3.752
9.094
7.419
7.046
6.679
60.3
60.3
60.3
60.3
60.3
60.3
60.3
60.3
60.3
60.3
60.3
60.3
3.40
3.96
4.45
4.78
3.40
3.96
4.45
4.78
3.40
3.96
4.45
4.78
100
100
100
100
150
150
150
150
200
200
200
200
2,124
2,427
2,677
2,844
1,413
1,614
1,781
1,892
1,132
1,293
1,427
1,516
1,980
2,261
2,495
2,650
1,317
1,504
1,660
1,763
1,055
1,205
1,330
1,413
27.2
29.0
30.3
31.2
27.2
29.0
30.3
31.2
27.2
29.0
30.3
31.2
0.010
0.009
0.008
0.008
0.054
0.047
0.043
0.041
0.130
0.115
0.105
0.099
19.3
20.5
21.4
22.0
19.3
20.5
21.4
22.0
19.3
20.5
21.4
22.0
0.021
0.019
0.017
0.016
0.107
0.095
0.086
0.082
0.260
0.229
0.210
0.198
12.2
13.0
13.6
13.9
12.2
13.0
13.6
13.9
12.2
13.0
13.6
13.9
0.052
0.046
0.042
0.040
0.268
0.236
0.216
0.204
0.649
0.573
0.524
0.496
8.6
9.2
9.6
9.9
8.6
9.2
9.6
9.9
8.6
9.2
9.6
9.9
0.105
0.093
0.085
0.080
0.535
0.473
0.432
0.409
1.298
1.147
1.047
0.991
7.0
7.5
7.8
8.0
7.0
7.5
7.8
8.0
7.0
7.5
7.8
8.0
0.157
0.139
0.127
0.120
0.803
0.709
0.648
0.613
1.946
1.719
1.571
1.487
6.1
6.5
6.8
7.0
6.1
6.5
6.8
7.0
6.1
6.5
6.8
7.0
0.210
0.185
0.169
0.160
1.070
0.945
0.864
0.817
2.594
2.292
2.094
1.982
m*
m*
m*
m*
m*

mm
Metric Units
500
Hole
CT OD Wall
ID
HBL
(air)
1,000
2,500
5,000
7,500
10,000
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
HBL
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
(water)
62
mm
mm
mm
kg
kg
m*
60.3
60.3
60.3
60.3
3.40
3.96
4.45
4.78
250
250
250
250
972
1,110
1,225
1,301
905
1,034
1,141
1,212
27.2
29.0
30.3
31.2
0.239
0.212
0.193
0.183
19.3
20.5
21.4
22.0
0.479
0.423
0.386
0.366
12.2
13.0
13.6
13.9
1.197
1.057
0.966
0.914
8.6
9.2
9.6
9.9
2.392
2.113
1.931
1.828
7.0
7.5
7.8
8.0
3.585
3.169
2.895
2.740
6.1
6.5
6.8
7.0
4.778
4.222
3.858
3.652
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
100
100
100
100
150
150
150
150
200
200
200
200
250
250
250
250
3,276
3,621
3,850
4,109
2,072
2,290
2,435
2,598
1,638
1,810
1,925
2,054
1,397
1,544
1,642
1,752
3,053
3,374
3,588
3,829
1,931
2,134
2,269
2,421
1,526
1,687
1,794
1,914
1,302
1,439
1,530
1,633
34.0
35.6
36.6
37.7
34.0
35.6
36.6
37.7
34.0
35.6
36.6
37.7
34.0
35.6
36.6
37.7
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.030
0.027
0.026
0.024
0.076
0.069
0.065
0.062
0.144
0.131
0.124
0.117
24.0
25.2
25.9
26.7
24.0
25.2
25.9
26.7
24.0
25.2
25.9
26.7
24.0
25.2
25.9
26.7
0.009
0.009
0.008
0.008
0.059
0.054
0.051
0.048
0.152
0.138
0.131
0.123
0.287
0.262
0.247
0.233
15.2
15.9
16.4
16.9
15.2
15.9
16.4
16.9
15.2
15.9
16.4
16.9
15.2
15.9
16.4
16.9
0.024
0.022
0.020
0.019
0.148
0.135
0.128
0.120
0.380
0.346
0.327
0.308
0.718
0.654
0.618
0.583
10.7
11.3
11.6
11.9
10.7
11.3
11.6
11.9
10.7
11.3
11.6
11.9
10.7
11.3
11.6
11.9
0.047
0.043
0.041
0.039
0.297
0.270
0.255
0.241
0.759
0.692
0.654
0.616
1.435
1.308
1.236
1.165
8.8
9.2
9.5
9.7
8.8
9.2
9.5
9.7
8.8
9.2
9.5
9.7
8.8
9.2
9.5
9.7
0.071
0.065
0.061
0.058
0.445
0.405
0.383
0.361
1.139
1.038
0.981
0.924
2.152
1.961
1.854
1.747
7.6
8.0
8.2
8.4
7.6
8.0
8.2
8.4
7.6
8.0
8.2
8.4
7.6
8.0
8.2
8.4
0.095
0.086
0.082
0.077
0.593
0.541
0.511
0.481
1.518
1.383
1.307
1.232
2.868
2.614
2.471
2.329
m*
m*
m*
m*
m*


Metric Units
500
Hole
CT OD Wall
ID
HBL
(air)
1,000
2,500
5,000
7,500
10,000
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
HBL
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
(water)
63
mm
mm
kg
kg
m*
73.0
73.0
73.0
73.0
73.0
73.0
73.0
73.0
73.0
73.0
73.0
73.0
73.0
73.0
73.0
73.0
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
3.96
4.45
4.78
5.16
100
100
100
100
150
150
150
150
200
200
200
200
250
250
250
250
4,415
4,886
5,200
5,555
2,613
2,892
3,078
3,288
2,035
2,252
2,397
2,560
1,724
1,907
2,030
2,169
4,114
4,553
4,846
5,177
2,435
2,695
2,869
3,064
1,896
2,099
2,234
2,386
1,606
1,778
1,892
2,021
39.3
41.2
42.4
43.7
39.3
41.2
42.4
43.7
39.3
41.2
42.4
43.7
39.3
41.2
42.4
43.7
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.019
0.017
0.016
0.015
0.052
0.047
0.044
0.042
0.100
0.091
0.086
0.081
27.8
29.1
30.0
30.9
27.8
29.1
30.0
30.9
27.8
29.1
30.0
30.9
27.8
29.1
30.0
30.9
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.038
0.035
0.033
0.031
0.103
0.094
0.089
0.083
0.201
0.182
0.172
0.162
17.6
18.4
18.9
19.5
17.6
18.4
18.9
19.5
17.6
18.4
18.9
19.5
17.6
18.4
18.9
19.5
0.012
0.011
0.010
0.009
0.095
0.086
0.081
0.077
0.258
0.235
0.222
0.208
0.501
0.456
0.430
0.405
12.4
13.0
13.4
13.8
12.4
13.0
13.4
13.8
12.4
13.0
13.4
13.8
12.4
13.0
13.4
13.8
0.023
0.021
0.020
0.019
0.190
0.173
0.163
0.153
0.516
0.469
0.443
0.417
1.002
0.912
0.860
0.810
10.1
10.6
10.9
11.3
10.1
10.6
10.9
11.3
10.1
10.6
10.9
11.3
10.1
10.6
10.9
11.3
0.035
0.032
0.030
0.028
0.285
0.259
0.244
0.230
0.774
0.704
0.664
0.625
1.503
1.367
1.290
1.214
8.8
9.2
9.5
9.8
8.8
9.2
9.5
9.8
8.8
9.2
9.5
9.8
8.8
9.2
9.5
9.8
0.047
0.042
0.040
0.038
0.379
0.345
0.326
0.306
1.032
0.939
0.886
0.834
2.004
1.823
1.720
1.619
88.9
88.9
88.9
4.45
5.16
5.69
100
100
100
11,542
13,171
14,356
10,756
12,274
13,378
56.2
59.8
62.3
0.000
0.000
0.000
39.7
42.3
44.0
0.000
0.000
0.000
25.1
26.7
27.8
0.001
0.001
0.001
17.8
18.9
19.7
0.002
0.002
0.002
14.5
15.4
16.1
0.003
0.003
0.002
12.6
13.4
13.9
0.004
0.003
0.003
m*
m*
m*
m*
m*

mm
Metric Units
500
Hole
CT OD Wall
ID
HBL
(air)
1,000
2,500
5,000
7,500
10,000
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
HBL
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
(water)
64
mm
mm
mm
kg
kg
m*
88.9
88.9
88.9
88.9
88.9
88.9
88.9
88.9
88.9
88.9
88.9
88.9
88.9
6.35
4.45
5.16
5.69
6.35
4.45
5.16
5.69
6.35
4.45
5.16
5.69
6.35
100
150
150
150
150
200
200
200
200
250
250
250
250
15,778
4,920
5,614
6,119
6,725
3,648
4,163
4,538
4,987
3,030
3,457
3,768
4,142
14,704
4,585
5,232
5,702
6,267
3,400
3,880
4,229
4,648
2,823
3,222
3,512
3,860
65.0
56.2
59.8
62.3
65.0
56.2
59.8
62.3
65.0
56.2
59.8
62.3
65.0
0.000
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.019
0.017
0.016
0.014
0.041
0.036
0.033
0.030
46.0
39.7
42.3
44.0
46.0
39.7
42.3
44.0
46.0
39.7
42.3
44.0
46.0
0.000
0.012
0.010
0.010
0.009
0.039
0.034
0.031
0.029
0.081
0.072
0.066
0.061
29.1
25.1
26.7
27.8
29.1
25.1
26.7
27.8
29.1
25.1
26.7
27.8
29.1
0.001
0.029
0.026
0.024
0.022
0.096
0.085
0.079
0.072
0.203
0.179
0.165
0.151
20.6
17.8
18.9
19.7
20.6
17.8
18.9
19.7
20.6
17.8
18.9
19.7
20.6
0.001
0.058
0.051
0.048
0.044
0.193
0.170
0.157
0.144
0.405
0.358
0.330
0.303
16.8
14.5
15.4
16.1
16.8
14.5
15.4
16.1
16.8
14.5
15.4
16.1
16.8
0.002
0.087
0.077
0.071
0.065
0.289
0.255
0.236
0.216
0.608
0.537
0.495
0.454
14.5
12.6
13.4
13.9
14.5
12.6
13.4
13.9
14.5
12.6
13.4
13.9
14.5
0.003
0.117
0.103
0.095
0.087
0.385
0.340
0.314
0.288
0.810
0.716
0.661
0.605
114.3
114.3
114.3
114.3
114.3
114.3
114.3
5.18
5.69
6.35
5.18
5.69
6.35
5.18
150
150
150
200
200
200
250
12,521
13,624
15,027
8,081
8,793
9,699
6,422
11,669
12,697
14,004
7,531
8,195
9,038
5,985
89.1
92.7
97.1
89.1
92.7
97.1
89.1
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.011
63.0
65.6
68.7
63.0
65.6
68.7
63.0
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.009
0.008
0.008
0.023
39.9
41.5
43.4
39.9
41.5
43.4
39.9
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.023
0.021
0.019
0.057
28.2
29.3
30.7
28.2
29.3
30.7
28.2
0.008
0.007
0.007
0.046
0.042
0.038
0.114
23.0
23.9
25.1
23.0
23.9
25.1
23.0
0.012
0.011
0.010
0.068
0.063
0.058
0.172
19.9
20.7
21.7
19.9
20.7
21.7
19.9
0.016
0.015
0.013
0.091
0.084
0.077
0.229
m*
m*
m*
m*
m*


Metric Units
500
Hole
CT OD Wall
ID
HBL
(air)
1,000
2,500
5,000
7,500
10,000
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
HBL
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Period
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
Change
(water)
mm
mm
mm
kg
kg
114.3
114.3
5.69
6.35
250
250
6,988
7,707
6,512
7,183
m
92.7
97.1
m*
0.011
0.010
m
65.6
68.7
m*
0.021
0.019
m
41.5
43.4
m*
0.053
0.048
m
29.3
30.7
m*
0.106
0.096
m
23.9
25.1
m*
0.158
0.144
m
20.7
21.7
m*
0.211
0.193

65

66

Helical Lockup
Helical Lockup
When compressive axial forces in excess of the helical buckling load are applied to CT in a
hole, the CT buckles into a helical shape. This helical shape causes additional radial wall
contact forces, which causes additional friction. After the CT becomes helically buckled,
frictin increases as the square of the axial force. A point is reached at which this becomes a
vicious-circle and any additional axial force is lost due to the additional friction. This locking
of the CT in the hole is called helical lockup.
Helical lockup is not dangerous, in that it usually does no damage to the CT. However, it is
limiting because it limits the amount of force that can be applied at the end of the CT or it limits how far CT can be pushed in a horizontal well.
Modeling of this helical lockup is complicated. It is not possible to prepare a few tables that
show when helical lockup will occur. The graphs in this section of the paper were prepared
using the Cerberus Coiled Tubing Modeling software written by CTES, L.C. These graphs
may be used only as guides to give an indication of the effect of helical lockup. A computer
model such as Cerberus must be used for specific situations.
Horizontal Reach. The following horizontal reach graphs show how far CT can be
pushed in a straight horizontal cased hole. The CT, with no tool on the end, is pushed until
helical lockup occurs, limiting further penetration. The density of the fluid in the well and in
the CT affects the buoyant weight and thus the possible horizontal reach. Two fluid densities were used, 0 and 8.6 pounds per gallon (ppg). Four curves are shown on each graph
for the four possible combinations of these two fluid densities in the two conduits (the CT
and the well). The following points must be taken into consideration in using these graphs:
These graphs are given for only one wall thickness for each CT size. Changing the
wall thickness has a minimal impact on the horizontal reach.
The friction coefficients used in these calculations are the coefficients which CTES
has found to be conservative in cased hole and pipeline applications.
These curves assume that all of the force required to push the CT is available at the
input end of the hole. In many horizontal well applications it is not possible to transfer enough axial force to the beginning of the horizontal section of the well to push
the CT all the way to helical lockup..
Maximum Weight. The following maximum weight graphs show the maximum downhole
force that the CT can apply in a vertical cased hole. Weight is set down on the CT with no
tool on the end until helical lockup occurs. The maximum weights shown in these graphs
are the force on the end of the CT when helical lockup occurs. The following points must be
considered in using these graphs:
These graphs are given for only one wall thickness for each CT size. Increasing the
wall thickness will increase the maximum weight, and decreasing the wall thickness
will decrease the maximum weight.
The friction coefficients used in these calculations are the coefficients that CTES has
found to be conservative in cased hole applications.
The maximum weight is independent of the well depth as long as the well is deep
enough for the helical lockup to occur.

Helical Lockup
Horizontal Reach
1.00 x 0.095 Coiled Tubing
12.00
11.00
10.00
Hole Diameter (in)
9.00
8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
5,500
6,000
6,500
7,000
7,500
Lockup Depth (ft)

CT - 0 ppg, Well - 0 ppg
CT - 8.6 ppg, Well - 0 ppg
CT - 0 ppg, Well - 8.6 ppg

CT - 8.6 ppg, Well - 8.6 ppg
25.4mm x 2.41mm Coiled Tubing
300.00
Hole Diameter (mm)
250.00
200.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
500
750
1,000
1,250
1,500
1,750
Lockup Depth (m)

CT - 0 kg/m3, Well - 0 kg/m3
CT - 0 kg/m3, Well - 1031 kg/m3
CT - 1031 kg/m3, Well - 0 kg/m3
CT - 1031 kg/m3, Well - 1031 kg/m3
2,000

Helical Lockup
12.00
11.00
10.00
Hole Diameter (in)
9.00
8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
Lockup Depth
300.00
Hole Diameter (mm)
250.00
200.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Lockup Depth (m)

CT - 0 kg/m3, Well - 1031 kg/m3
CT - 1031 kg/m3, Well - 0 kg/m3
CT - 1031 kg/m3, Well - 1031 kg/m3
3,000

Helical Lockup
12.00
11.00
10.00
Hole Diameter (in)
9.00
8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
15000
16000
Lockup Depth
300.00
Hole Diameter (mm)
250.00
200.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
Lockup Depth (m)

CT - 0 kg/m3, Well - 1031 kg/m3
CT - 1031 kg/m3, Well - 0 kg/m3
CT - 1031 kg/m3, Well - 1031 kg/m3
5,000

Helical Lockup
12.00
11.00
Hole Diameter (in)
10.00
9.00
8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
11,000
Lockup Depth (ft)

44.mm x 3.40mm Coiled Tubing
300.00
Hole Diameter (mm)
250.00
200.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
500
1,500
2,500
3,500
4,500
5,500
6,500
Lockup Depth (m)

CT - 0 kg/m3, Well - 1031 kg/m3
CT - 1031 kg/m3, Well - 0 kg/m3
CT - 1031 kg/m3, Well - 1031 kg/m3
7,500
12,000

Helical Lockup
12.00
11.00
Hole Diameter (in)
10.00
9.00
8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
11,000
12,000
13,000
14,000
15,000
Lockup Depth (ft)

300.00
Hole Diameter (mm)
250.00
200.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
500
1,500
2,500
3,500
Lockup Depth (m)

CT - 0 kg/m3, Well - 1031 kg/m3
CT - 1031 kg/m3, Well - 0 kg/m3
CT - 1031 kg/m3, Well - 1031 kg/m3
4,500

Helical Lockup
12.00
11.00
Hole Diameter (in)
10.00
9.00
8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000 16,000 17,000 18,000 19,000 20,000
Lockup Depth (ft)

300.00
Hole Diameter (mm)
250.00
200.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
Lockup Depth (m)

CT - 0 kg/m3, Well - 1031 kg/m3
CT - 1031 kg/m3, Well - 0 kg/m3
CT - 1031 kg/m3, Well - 1031 kg/m3
7,000

Helical Lockup
12.00
11.00
Hole Diameter (in)
10.00
9.00
8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000 16,000 17,000 18,000 19,000 20,000
Lockup Depth (ft)

73mm x 5.16mm Coiled Tubing
350.00
Hole Diameter (mm)
300.00
250.00
200.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
Lockup Depth (m)

CT - 0 kg/m3, Well - 1031 kg/m3
CT - 1031 kg/m3, Well - 0 kg/m3
CT - 1031 kg/m3, Well - 1031 kg/m3
9,000

Helical Lockup
Maximum Weight
12.00
11.00
10.00
Hole Diameter (in)
9.00
8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
1,100
1,200
1,300
1,400
Maximum Weight (lb)

350.00
Hole Diameter (mm)
300.00
250.00
200.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Maximum Weight (kg)

CT - 0 kg/m3, Well - 1031 kg/m3
CT - 1031 kg/m3, Well - 0 kg/m3
CT - 1031 kg/m3, Well - 1031 kg/m3
700

Helical Lockup
.25 x 0.109 Coiled Tubing
12.00
11.00
10.00
Hole Diameter (in)
9.00
8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
500
750
1,000
1,250
1,500
1,750
2,000
2,250
2,500
2,750
3,000
Maximum Weight (lb)

350.00
Hole Diameter (mm)
300.00
250.00
200.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
1,100
1,200
1,300
Maximum Weight (kg)

CT - 0 kg/m3, Well - 1031 kg/m3
CT - 1031 kg/m3, Well - 0 kg/m3
CT - 1031 kg/m3, Well - 1031 kg/m3
10
1,400
1,500

Helical Lockup
12.00
11.00
10.00
Hole Diameter (in)
9.00
8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
5,500
6,000
Maximum Weight (lb)

350.00
Hole Diameter (mm)
300.00
250.00
200.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Maximum Weight (kg)

CT - 0 kg/m3, Well - 1031 kg/m3
CT - 1031 kg/m3, Well - 0 kg/m3
CT - 1031 kg/m3, Well - 1031 kg/m3
11
3,000

Helical Lockup
12.00
11.00
10.00
Hole Diameter (in)
9.00
8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
5,500
6,000
6,500
7,000
Maximum Weight (lb)

350.00
Hole Diameter (mm)
300.00
250.00
200.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
500
1,500
2,500
3,500
4,500
5,500
Maximum Weight (kg)

CT - 0 kg/m3, Well - 1031 kg/m3
CT - 1031 kg/m3, Well - 0 kg/m3
CT - 1031 kg/m3, Well - 1031 kg/m3
12
6,500

Helical Lockup
12.00
11.00
Hole Diameter (in)
10.00
9.00
8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
Maximum Weight (lb)

350.00
Hole Diameter (mm)
300.00
250.00
200.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
500
1,500
2,500
3,500
4,500
Maximum Weight (kg)

CT - 0 kg/m3, Well - 1031 kg/m3
CT - 1031 kg/m3, Well - 0 kg/m3
CT - 1031 kg/m3, Well - 1031 kg/m3
13
10,000

Helical Lockup
12.00
11.00
Hole Diameter (in)
10.00
9.00
8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
3,000
5,000
7,000
9,000
11,000
13,000
15,000
17,000
19,000
Maximum Weight (lb)

350.00
Hole Diameter (mm)
300.00
250.00
200.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
Maximum Weight (kg)

CT - 0 kg/m3, Well - 1031 kg/m3
CT - 1031 kg/m3, Well - 0 kg/m3
CT - 1031 kg/m3, Well - 1031 kg/m3
14
10,000

Helical Lockup
12.00
11.00
Hole Diameter (in)
10.00
9.00
8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
5,000
8,000
11,000
14,000
17,000
20,000
23,000
26,000
29,000
32,000
35,000
Maximum Weight (lb)

73mm x 5.16mm Coiled Tubing
350.00
Hole Diameter (mm)
300.00
250.00
200.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000 16,000 17,000
Maximum Weight (kg)

CT - 0 kg/m3, Well - 1031 kg/m3
CT - 1031 kg/m3, Well - 0 kg/m3
CT - 1031 kg/m3, Well - 1031 kg/m3
15

Helical Lockup
16

Catastrophic Buckling
It is possible for catastrophic buckling of the CT to occur in the unsupported length between
the bottom of the injector chains and the top of the stripper when snubbing into a well as
shown in the following picture.
The Catastrophic Buckling tables are used to calculate the amount of axial compressive
load that can safely be applied to the CT in this unsupported length.
To use these tables:
1. Measure the unsupported length, defined as the vertical length from the top of the
stripper guide to the centerline of the lower chain sprockets.
2. Look up the value from the table in the appropriate unsupported length column for the
CT size of interest.
3. Multiply the value from the table by the yield strength of the CT material. For the
English units table the yield strength must be in psi. For the Metric units table the
yield strength must be in MPa. The result is the maximum safe axial compressive
load (including a 50% safety factor) in the unsupported section in pounds for the
English units and Newtons for the Metric table.
Example
The unsupported length is 14 inches for 1.5" diameter, 0.109" wall CT with a yield strength of
80,000 psi. The value from the English units table is 0.1381. 80,000 X 0.1381 = 11,048 lb.
In Metric the unsupported length is 350 mm for 38.10 mm diameter, 2.77 mm wall CT with a yield
strength of 552 MPa. The value from the Metric units table is 90.3. 552 X 90.3 = 49,845 Newtons.
Equations
The equation for the radius of gyration is:
rg =
1
2
ro2 + ri2

The equation for the slenderness ratio is:
= L rg
The equation for the buckling load is:
Pb
A
=
y 1 + ( 0.03 )2
This value is multiplied by 0.5 to provide a factor of safety of 2.
Nomenclature
A
L
rI
ro
rg
Pb
=
=
=
=
=
=
cross sectional area of the CT wall = Ao - AI

length of the unsupported CT section
internal radius of the CT
external radius of the CT
radius of gyration of the CT
buckling load
= slenderness ratio
References
Newman, K., Aasen, J.: Catastrophic Buckling of Coiled Tubing in the Injector, SPE
46007, SPE/ICoTA Coiled Tubing Roundtable, Houston, Texas, 15-16 April 1998
English Units **
Wall
Outside
Diameter Thickness
(in)
(in)
Unsupported Length (in)

4
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
in2
in *
in *
in *
in *
in *
in *
in *
in *
in *
in2 *
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.1097
0.1186
0.1261
0.1335
0.0954
0.1029
0.1092
0.1154
0.0806
0.0868
0.0920
0.0971
0.0672
0.0722
0.0765
0.0806
0.0559
0.0600
0.0634
0.0667
0.0466
0.0499
0.0527
0.0554
0.0391
0.0419
0.0442
0.0464
0.0331
0.0354
0.0373
0.0392
0.0282
0.0302
0.0318
0.0334
0.0243
0.0259
0.0273
0.0286
0.0210
0.0225
0.0237
0.0248
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
1.250
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.1465
0.1587
0.1693
0.1796
0.1927
0.2027
0.2153
0.2303
0.2450
0.2693
0.1335
0.1445
0.1539
0.1632
0.1748
0.1837
0.1949
0.2082
0.2211
0.2425
0.1187
0.1283
0.1366
0.1446
0.1548
0.1625
0.1721
0.1836
0.1946
0.2128
0.1039
0.1122
0.1193
0.1262
0.1349
0.1414
0.1496
0.1593
0.1686
0.1839
0.0902
0.0973
0.1033
0.1092
0.1165
0.1221
0.1290
0.1372
0.1450
0.1577
0.0780
0.0840
0.0892
0.0942
0.1004
0.1051
0.1110
0.1178
0.1244
0.1350
0.0675
0.0727
0.0770
0.0813
0.0866
0.0906
0.0955
0.1013
0.1068
0.1157
0.0585
0.0630
0.0667
0.0704
0.0749
0.0783
0.0825
0.0874
0.0921
0.0996
0.0510
0.0548
0.0581
0.0612
0.0651
0.0680
0.0716
0.0758
0.0798
0.0862
0.0446
0.0479
0.0508
0.0535
0.0569
0.0594
0.0625
0.0661
0.0696
0.0750
0.0393
0.0422
0.0446
0.0470
0.0499
0.0521
0.0549
0.0580
0.0610
0.0657
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
0.095
0.102
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.1982
0.2116
0.2249
0.2417
0.2546
0.2710
0.2906
0.3098
0.3422
0.1854
0.1979
0.2102
0.2257
0.2377
0.2527
0.2708
0.2885
0.3181
0.1701
0.1814
0.1926
0.2067
0.2174
0.2310
0.2473
0.2631
0.2895
0.1538
0.1639
0.1739
0.1864
0.1960
0.2080
0.2224
0.2364
0.2596
0.1377
0.1466
0.1554
0.1665
0.1749
0.1855
0.1980
0.2103
0.2305
0.1225
0.1304
0.1381
0.1478
0.1551
0.1644
0.1754
0.1860
0.2035
0.1087
0.1156
0.1223
0.1308
0.1373
0.1453
0.1549
0.1641
0.1793
0.0963
0.1024
0.1083
0.1158
0.1214
0.1285
0.1368
0.1448
0.1579
0.0855
0.0908
0.0961
0.1026
0.1075
0.1137
0.1210
0.1280
0.1394
0.0760
0.0808
0.0854
0.0911
0.0955
0.1009
0.1073
0.1134
0.1234
0.0678
0.0720
0.0761
0.0812
0.0850
0.0898
0.0955
0.1009
0.1097
1.750
1.750
0.102
0.109
0.2533
0.2695
0.2411
0.2564
0.2259
0.2401
0.2089
0.2219
0.1913
0.2031
0.1740
0.1846
0.1575
0.1671
0.1423
0.1509
0.1284
0.1361
0.1159
0.1228
0.1047
0.1109
** Includes 50% safety factor

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
English Units **
Wall
Outside
Diameter Thickness
(in)
(in)

4
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
in2
in *
in *
in *
in *
in *
in *
in *
in *
in *
in2 *
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.2900
0.3058
0.3259
0.3500
0.3738
0.4140
0.4408
0.2758
0.2907
0.3096
0.3324
0.3548
0.3924
0.4175
0.2581
0.2719
0.2894
0.3105
0.3311
0.3658
0.3889
0.2384
0.2510
0.2670
0.2862
0.3050
0.3365
0.3573
0.2181
0.2295
0.2440
0.2613
0.2782
0.3064
0.3251
0.1981
0.2084
0.2213
0.2369
0.2520
0.2772
0.2938
0.1792
0.1884
0.2000
0.2138
0.2273
0.2497
0.2644
0.1617
0.1699
0.1802
0.1926
0.2046
0.2245
0.2375
0.1457
0.1531
0.1623
0.1733
0.1840
0.2017
0.2132
0.1314
0.1380
0.1463
0.1561
0.1656
0.1813
0.1916
0.1187
0.1246
0.1320
0.1408
0.1493
0.1633
0.1724
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
0.109
0.118
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.3137
0.3379
0.3565
0.3803
0.4089
0.4372
0.4850
0.5171
0.5535
0.3020
0.3251
0.3430
0.3657
0.3931
0.4201
0.4658
0.4963
0.5309
0.2869
0.3088
0.3257
0.3471
0.3729
0.3983
0.4412
0.4699
0.5022
0.2697
0.2901
0.3058
0.3258
0.3498
0.3734
0.4132
0.4397
0.4696
0.2512
0.2701
0.2846
0.3030
0.3251
0.3469
0.3834
0.4077
0.4351
0.2324
0.2497
0.2630
0.2799
0.3002
0.3200
0.3533
0.3754
0.4003
0.2139
0.2297
0.2419
0.2573
0.2757
0.2938
0.3240
0.3440
0.3665
0.1962
0.2106
0.2217
0.2357
0.2524
0.2688
0.2961
0.3142
0.3344
0.1796
0.1927
0.2028
0.2155
0.2306
0.2454
0.2702
0.2865
0.3047
0.1642
0.1762
0.1853
0.1968
0.2106
0.2240
0.2463
0.2610
0.2774
0.1502
0.1610
0.1693
0.1798
0.1922
0.2044
0.2246
0.2379
0.2526
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
2.375
0.125
0.134
0.145
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.236
0.4320
0.4612
0.4965
0.5314
0.5908
0.6308
0.6762
0.7737
0.4203
0.4486
0.4829
0.5167
0.5742
0.6129
0.6568
0.7509
0.4050
0.4322
0.4650
0.4974
0.5525
0.5895
0.6314
0.7212
0.3869
0.4127
0.4439
0.4747
0.5269
0.5619
0.6016
0.6863
0.3669
0.3912
0.4206
0.4496
0.4986
0.5315
0.5687
0.6479
0.3457
0.3685
0.3960
0.4231
0.4689
0.4995
0.5342
0.6077
0.3241
0.3454
0.3710
0.3962
0.4387
0.4671
0.4992
0.5672
0.3027
0.3225
0.3462
0.3695
0.4089
0.4352
0.4648
0.5273
0.2819
0.3002
0.3221
0.3437
0.3800
0.4042
0.4315
0.4889
0.2620
0.2789
0.2992
0.3191
0.3525
0.3748
0.3998
0.4525
0.2432
0.2588
0.2775
0.2958
0.3266
0.3471
0.3701
0.4183
2.625
0.145
0.5545
0.5421
0.5256
0.5058
0.4836
0.4597
0.4350
0.4099
0.3851
0.3610
0.3378

Catastrophic Buckling (CONT)

English Units **
Wall
Outside
Diameter Thickness
(in)
(in)

4
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
in2
in *
in *
in *
in *
in *
in *
in *
in *
in *
in2 *
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.236
0.5938
0.6609
0.7061
0.7575
0.8683
0.5804
0.6457
0.6897
0.7398
0.8475
0.5627
0.6257
0.6681
0.7164
0.8201
0.5413
0.6017
0.6423
0.6884
0.7873
0.5174
0.5747
0.6132
0.6570
0.7506
0.4917
0.5458
0.5822
0.6234
0.7114
0.4650
0.5159
0.5500
0.5886
0.6710
0.4380
0.4857
0.5176
0.5537
0.6304
0.4114
0.4559
0.4856
0.5192
0.5905
0.3855
0.4269
0.4545
0.4858
0.5519
0.3606
0.3991
0.4248
0.4538
0.5150
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
2.875
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.236
0.6561
0.7307
0.7811
0.8386
0.9625
0.6438
0.7168
0.7661
0.8223
0.9435
0.6273
0.6982
0.7461
0.8006
0.9180
0.6073
0.6757
0.7219
0.7744
0.8873
0.5846
0.6501
0.6943
0.7445
0.8524
0.5598
0.6222
0.6643
0.7121
0.8146
0.5337
0.5929
0.6327
0.6780
0.7749
0.5069
0.5628
0.6004
0.6431
0.7343
0.4799
0.5327
0.5680
0.6081
0.6937
0.4533
0.5028
0.5360
0.5736
0.6538
0.4273
0.4738
0.5049
0.5401
0.6150
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
3.500
0.156
0.175
0.188
0.203
0.236
0.8111
0.9046
0.9679
1.0403
1.1971
0.8009
0.8931
0.9556
1.0269
1.1814
0.7871
0.8775
0.9388
1.0087
1.1601
0.7700
0.8583
0.9180
0.9862
1.1338
0.7500
0.8358
0.8939
0.9601
1.1032
0.7278
0.8108
0.8669
0.9309
1.0691
0.7037
0.7837
0.8377
0.8994
1.0323
0.6782
0.7551
0.8070
0.8661
0.9936
0.6519
0.7255
0.7752
0.8318
0.9536
0.6251
0.6954
0.7428
0.7968
0.9129
0.5981
0.6652
0.7104
0.7618
0.8722
4.500
4.500
4.500
4.500
0.204
0.224
0.236
0.250
1.3681
1.4952
1.5708
1.6584
1.3576
1.4836
1.5585
1.6454
1.3432
1.4677
1.5417
1.6276
1.3250
1.4477
1.5207
1.6052
1.3036
1.4240
1.4957
1.5787
1.2790
1.3970
1.4672
1.5484
1.2519
1.3671
1.4356
1.5149
1.2225
1.3347
1.4014
1.4787
1.1912
1.3003
1.3651
1.4401
1.1584
1.2643
1.3271
1.3998
1.1245
1.2270
1.2878
1.3582
6.625
6.625
0.280
0.300
2.7827
2.9720
2.7729
2.9614
2.7592
2.9467
2.7417
2.9280
2.7207
2.9055
2.6963
2.8792
2.6687
2.8496
2.6381
2.8167
2.6047
2.7808
2.5688
2.7423
2.5305
2.7012

2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
2.625
Metric Units **
Wall
Outside
Diameter Thickness
(mm)
(mm)
Unsupported Length (mm)

100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
600
*
mm2 *
25.40
25.40
25.40
25.40
2.210
2.413
2.591
2.769
71.1
76.8
81.7
86.4
62.0
66.9
71.0
75.0
52.6
56.6
60.0
63.3
44.0
47.3
50.1
52.8
36.7
39.4
41.6
43.8
30.7
32.9
34.7
36.5
25.8
27.6
29.1
30.6
21.8
23.4
24.6
25.9
18.6
19.9
21.0
22.1
16.1
17.2
18.1
19.0
13.9
14.9
15.7
16.4
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
31.75
2.210
2.413
2.591
2.769
2.997
3.175
3.404
3.683
3.962
4.445
94.8
102.7
109.5
116.2
124.6
131.1
139.2
149.0
158.5
174.3
86.6
93.7
99.8
105.8
113.4
119.2
126.4
135.1
143.5
157.3
77.2
83.5
88.8
94.1
100.7
105.7
112.0
119.4
126.7
138.5
67.8
73.2
77.8
82.3
88.0
92.3
97.6
104.0
110.1
120.1
59.0
63.6
67.6
71.4
76.2
79.9
84.4
89.8
94.9
103.2
51.1
55.1
58.5
61.8
65.9
68.9
72.8
77.3
81.6
88.6
44.3
47.7
50.6
53.4
56.9
59.5
62.8
66.6
70.2
76.1
38.5
41.5
43.9
46.3
49.3
51.6
54.3
57.6
60.7
65.6
33.6
36.1
38.3
40.3
42.9
44.8
47.2
50.0
52.7
56.9
29.4
31.6
33.5
35.3
37.5
39.2
41.3
43.7
45.9
49.6
25.9
27.9
29.5
31.1
33.0
34.5
36.3
38.3
40.3
43.5
38.10
38.10
38.10
38.10
38.10
38.10
38.10
38.10
38.10
2.413
2.591
2.769
2.997
3.175
3.404
3.683
3.962
4.445
128.1
136.7
145.3
156.2
164.5
175.1
187.8
200.3
221.2
120.1
128.1
136.1
146.2
153.9
163.7
175.4
186.8
206.0
110.4
117.8
125.0
134.1
141.1
150.0
160.5
170.8
188.0
100.1
106.6
113.1
121.3
127.5
135.4
144.7
153.9
169.0
89.8
95.6
101.4
108.6
114.1
121.0
129.2
137.2
150.4
80.1
85.2
90.3
96.6
101.4
107.5
114.7
121.6
133.1
71.2
75.7
80.1
85.7
89.9
95.2
101.5
107.6
117.5
63.2
67.2
71.1
76.0
79.7
84.3
89.8
95.1
103.7
56.2
59.7
63.1
67.4
70.7
74.8
79.6
84.2
91.7
50.1
53.2
56.2
60.0
62.9
66.4
70.7
74.7
81.3
44.7
47.5
50.2
53.5
56.0
59.2
62.9
66.5
72.3
44.45
2.591
163.7
156.0
146.4
135.6
124.5
113.5
102.9
93.1
84.2
76.1
68.9
* Multiply by the yield stress in Mega Pascals to obtain the compressive force in Newtons.


Metric Units **
Wall
Outside
Diameter Thickness
(mm)
(mm)

100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
600
*
mm2 *
2.769
2.997
3.175
3.404
3.683
3.962
4.445
4.775
174.1
187.4
197.6
210.5
226.1
241.5
267.4
284.8
165.9
178.4
188.1
200.3
215.1
229.5
253.9
270.2
155.6
167.3
176.2
187.6
201.3
214.6
237.2
252.1
144.1
154.8
163.0
173.4
185.9
198.1
218.6
232.2
132.2
141.9
149.4
158.8
170.1
181.1
199.5
211.7
120.4
129.2
135.9
144.4
154.5
164.4
180.9
191.7
109.2
117.1
123.1
130.7
139.8
148.6
163.2
172.9
98.8
105.8
111.2
118.0
126.1
134.0
147.0
155.6
89.2
95.6
100.4
106.5
113.7
120.7
132.3
139.9
80.6
86.3
90.6
96.1
102.5
108.8
119.1
125.9
72.9
78.0
81.9
86.8
92.6
98.2
107.4
113.4
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
50.80
2.769
2.997
3.175
3.404
3.683
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
202.6
218.2
230.2
245.6
264.1
282.3
313.3
334.0
357.5
195.2
210.2
221.8
236.4
254.1
271.6
301.2
320.9
343.3
185.8
200.0
210.9
224.7
241.5
257.9
285.7
304.3
325.3
174.9
188.1
198.3
211.3
226.9
242.2
268.0
285.3
304.7
163.2
175.5
184.9
196.9
211.3
225.4
249.2
265.0
282.8
151.3
162.6
171.2
182.2
195.4
208.4
230.1
244.5
260.7
139.5
149.8
157.8
167.8
179.8
191.6
211.4
224.5
239.1
128.2
137.6
144.8
154.0
164.9
175.6
193.5
205.4
218.6
117.5
126.1
132.7
141.0
150.9
160.6
176.9
187.6
199.5
107.6
115.4
121.4
129.0
138.0
146.8
161.5
171.1
181.9
98.5
105.7
111.1
118.0
126.2
134.1
147.4
156.2
165.9
60.33
60.33
60.33
60.33
60.33
60.33
60.33
60.33
3.175
3.404
3.683
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
5.994
278.9
297.7
320.5
343.1
381.4
407.2
436.6
499.5
271.6
289.9
312.0
333.9
371.0
396.0
424.4
485.3
262.0
279.6
300.8
321.8
357.4
381.3
408.5
466.6
250.6
267.3
287.5
307.5
341.3
364.0
389.7
444.6
238.0
253.8
272.8
291.6
323.5
344.8
369.0
420.4
224.6
239.4
257.3
274.9
304.7
324.6
347.1
395.0
210.9
224.7
241.4
257.8
285.5
304.0
324.9
369.2
197.2
210.1
225.6
240.8
266.5
283.6
303.0
343.8
184.0
195.9
210.2
224.3
248.1
263.9
281.7
319.2
171.2
182.2
195.5
208.5
230.4
245.0
261.4
295.9
159.1
169.3
181.6
193.6
213.8
227.2
242.3
273.9

44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
44.45
Metric Units **
Wall
Outside
Diameter Thickness
(mm)
(mm)

100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
600
*
mm2 *
66.68
66.68
66.68
66.68
66.68
66.68
3.683
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
5.994
358.0
383.3
426.6
455.8
489.0
560.5
350.2
374.9
417.1
445.6
477.9
547.5
339.8
363.8
404.6
432.0
463.3
530.3
327.4
350.4
389.5
415.8
445.6
509.7
313.4
335.3
372.5
397.5
425.9
486.6
298.3
319.1
354.2
377.8
404.6
461.8
282.6
302.2
335.3
357.5
382.6
436.2
266.7
285.1
316.1
336.9
360.4
410.4
251.0
268.1
297.1
316.5
338.4
385.0
235.6
251.6
278.6
296.7
317.1
360.3
220.7
235.6
260.8
277.6
296.6
336.7
73.03
73.03
73.03
73.03
73.03
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
5.994
423.5
471.6
504.2
541.3
621.3
415.8
463.0
494.8
531.1
609.4
405.5
451.3
482.3
517.5
593.4
392.9
437.2
467.0
501.0
574.1
378.6
421.1
449.7
482.2
552.2
363.0
403.5
430.8
461.8
528.3
346.5
384.9
410.8
440.2
503.2
329.5
365.9
390.3
418.1
477.5
312.4
346.7
369.7
395.9
451.7
295.4
327.7
349.4
373.9
426.2
278.8
309.2
329.5
352.5
401.4
88.90
88.90
88.90
88.90
88.90
3.962
4.445
4.775
5.156
5.994
523.4
583.8
624.7
671.4
772.6
517.1
576.6
616.9
663.0
762.8
508.4
566.9
606.4
651.6
749.4
497.7
554.8
593.4
637.5
732.9
485.2
540.7
578.2
621.1
713.7
471.2
524.9
561.3
602.8
692.3
456.0
507.9
542.9
582.9
669.1
439.9
489.8
523.5
561.9
644.6
423.3
471.1
503.4
540.2
619.3
406.3
452.0
482.9
518.0
593.5
389.2
432.8
462.2
495.7
567.7
114.30
114.30
114.30
114.30
5.182
5.690
5.994
6.350
882.8
964.8
1013.6
1070.2
876.2
957.6
1006.0
1062.0
867.2
947.6
995.4
1050.9
855.9
935.1
982.2
1036.9
842.4
920.3
966.6
1020.2
827.0
903.3
948.7
1001.2
810.0
884.5
928.9
980.2
791.4
864.2
907.4
957.4
771.7
842.5
884.5
933.1
751.1
819.7
860.5
907.7
729.7
796.2
835.7
881.4
168.28
168.28
7.112
7.620
1795.5
1917.6
1789.3
1911.0
1780.7
1901.8
1769.8
1890.1
1756.7
1876.0
1741.4
1859.6
1724.1
1841.0
1704.9
1820.4
1684.0
1797.9
1661.4
1773.6
1637.4
1747.8


Hydraulics
Hydraulics
In most coiled tubing (CT) applications such as cleanouts, well unloading, acidizing,
stimulation, drilling, etc., fluid (liquid, gas, or multiphase mixture of liquid and gas) is pumped
through the CT to a desired depth in the wellbore, and returned up the annulus. Water, air,
nitrogen, diesel, brines, acids, gels, and foams are among the many commonly pumped
fluids through CT in these various applications. Thus, depending on the fluid type and
properties, system pressures (pump pressure, gooseneck pressure, wellhead pressure,
flowing bottom hole pressure) change and affect the pumping requirements. In addition,
system pressures are also affected by many other parameters such as pump rate, CT size
(length, diameter), reel core diameter, geometry of the wellbore, and surface roughness.
From a fluid mechanics viewpoint, flows that occur during any CT application can be broadly
classified as:
steady (flow is independent of time) or unsteady (flow is time-dependent)
laminar (flow is characterized by layers or streamlines) or turbulent (flow is characterized by random mixing and is no longer streamlined)
compressible (fluid density is a strong function of pressure such as in gases) or

incompressible (fluid density is a very weak function of pressure such as for liquids)
single-phase (only one fluid phase exists as either liquid or gas) or multiphase (at
least two phases exist as in liquid and gas or liquid, gas, and solid)
Newtonian (shear stress is linearly related to shear rate) or non-Newtonian (shear

stress is not linearly related to shear rate)
the flow direction can be either upwards or downwards; flow can occur in vertical,
inclined, or horizontal wells; and in tubing or annulus formed between the CT and
production tubing/casing.
Therefore, in order to accurately predict the system pressures in any CT operation, all these
fluid mechanics aspects and parameters must be taken into careful consideration during the
mathematical development of a wellbore hydraulics model for CT applications.
System pressures can be estimated by appropriately accounting for the total pressure
losses ( P ) in the CT and annulus. In general, the total pressure loss is comprised of
three components, namely:
Ph )
hydrostatic pressure loss (
friction pressure loss (
acceleration pressure loss (
Pf
), and
Pa ).
Moreover, the frictional component of the coiled tubing pressure loss can be further
subdivided into two parts: a part that accounts for the friction pressure loss on the reel
( PRT ) before entering the well, and a part that accounts for the straight tubing losses
( PST ) in the well. Experiments have shown that, in general, reeled tubing pressure losses
are greater than the corresponding straight tubing pressure losses. Usually, the
acceleration pressure loss is negligible as long as there is no sudden change in crosssectional area of flow, and is therefore not included here.
From a steady-state mechanical energy balance, the hydrostatic and frictional components
of pressure loss can be written as [see Bourgoyne et al. (1991)]

Hydraulics
Pf = f
Ph = 0.052 h
(1)
and
(2)
v 2 L
25.8d
The mean velocity of the fluid can be found from
v=
(3)
Q
2.448d 2
The friction factor in equation 2 is a function of the Reynolds number ( Re ), defined

physically as the ratio of the inertia force to the viscous force. Mathematically, the definition
of Re varies depending on the fluid type (e.g., Newtonian liquids, non-Newtonian liquids,
multiphase fluids). In addition, the magnitude of Re distinguishes a flow from being in the
laminar, transitional, or turbulent flow regimes. Thus, the friction factor is found as a function
of Re for all these flow regimes in various fluid types. Similarly, computation of fluid
properties (density, viscosity) differ depending on fluid type and will be discussed briefly in
separate sub-sections.
Pressure Losses in Liquids. Liquids are most often pumped through CT in any
application. Examples of commonly pumped liquids are fresh water, seawater, brines, acids,
kerosene, crude oil, diesel, polymer gels, and drilling mud. These fluids can be broadly
classified as Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids. Non-Newtonian liquids can be further
subdivided into many categories depending on the rheological model that best describes
their fluid behavior. Only the Newtonian model will be discussed in some detail and general
methodologies will be presented for other fluid types.
Newtonian Liquids: Fluids that exhibit a linear relationship between the shear stress and
shear rate are called Newtonian fluids. Water, brines, acids, and light oils are good
examples of Newtonian liquids. The flow is usually characterized by the Reynolds number,
which for Newtonian fluids can be written as
Re =
(4)
928 vd
For internal flow of Newtonian fluids through straight tubing, the flow can be classified as
either laminar, transitional, or turbulent depending on the magnitude of the Reynolds
number. The flow is laminar if Re is less than or equal to a critical value of 2100. A
transitional flow is observed between Reynolds numbers of 2100 and 4000. If Re is greater
than 4000, then the flow is turbulent. The friction factor for straight tubing ( f ST ) in laminar
flow is given by
(5)
f ST =
16
Re
In turbulent flow, f ST can be expressed as [see Serghides (1984)]
f ST
(6)
(A 4.781)2
= 0.254.781
B 2 A + 4.781

Hydraulics
where
(7)
(8)

12
A = 2.0 log
+
3.7d e Re

2.51A
B = 2.0 log
+
Re
3.7 d e
However, in the case of flow through reeled tubing (i.e., for the length of CT on the reel), the
presence of a secondary flow (commonly referred to as Dean's vortices) perpendicular to
the main flow makes the characterization somewhat complicated. In most cases, flow is
turbulent in the CT. For turbulent flow, Sas-Jaworsky and Reed (1997) have recently
provided a correlation to determine the friction factor in reeled tubing as,
d
Dreel
f RT = f ST + 0.0075
(9)
Clearly, from Eq. (9) the coiled tubing friction factors are greater than the straight tubing
friction factors by an amount specified by the reel curvature. Equations (3)-(8) are utilized in
equation (2) to compute the friction pressure losses in straight and reeled tubing.
In this section, friction pressure loss graphs for various CT sizes (diameters and wall
thickness) are presented for four common oilfield fluids pumped through CT. These four
Newtonian fluids are shown in the following table along with their properties.
Fluid
Density (lbm/ft3)
Diesel
51.72
1.62
Fresh Water
62.31
0.99
Viscosity (cp)
15% HCI
66.97
1.95
10 ppg (1.2 SG) Brine
74.81
2.30
The graphs depict the friction pressure loss in both straight (when the CT is off the reel) and
reeled tubing (when the CT is on the reel) for various flow rates through the CT. A pipe
roughness value of 0.0018 in. (corresponding to that of commercial steel pipes) is used in
the calculations. For the friction pressure loss plots in reeled tubing, the table below shows
the reel core diameters selected for various CT diameters.
CT Diameter (in)
Core Diameter (ft)
1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75
2, 2.375, 2.875
3.5
11
These graphs can be readily used to estimate the friction pressure loss for a given CT size,
or conversely, select an appropriate CT size depending on the magnitude of the friction
pressure loss.
Example 1
Determine the hydrostatic pressure loss in a 10,000 ft long CT section inclined at angle
30 to the vertical. The fluid flowing through the CT is diesel.
3

Hydraulics
From the table, density of diesel = 6.91 ppg. The vertical distance
h = 10000 cos 30 = 8660 ft. Thus, hydrostatic pressure loss,
Ph = 0.052 6.91 8660 = 3112 psi.
Example 2
Consider a 15,000 ft long, 1.5 in. CT with 0.109 in. wall thickness. The length of CT on
the reel is 5,000 ft. Determine the total friction pressure loss if fresh water is pumped
through the CT at 1 bpm. Use an inside pipe roughness of 0.0018 in. and a reel core
diameter of 84 in.
For fresh water, = 8.33 ppg and = 0.99 cp (see above table). The inside diameter
of the CT, d = 1.5 2 0.109 = 1.282 in. The velocity of fresh water in the CT can now be
calculated as,
v=
42
= 10.44 ft/s.
2.448 1.2822
Then , the Reynolds number is found to determine if the flow is laminar or turbulent.
Re =
928 8.33 10.44 1.282

= 104507
0.99
Since Re > 2100, flow is turbulent. Using this value of Re, d , and = 0.0018 in., the
friction factor in straight tubing can be found as f ST = 0.00584. Thus, the friction
pressure loss in straight tubing becomes,
PST =
0.00584 8.33 10.44 2 10000

= 1604 psi.
25.8 1.282
Using Dreel = 84 in., the friction factor in reeled tubing, f RT = 0.006766.

Correspondingly, the friction pressure loss in reeled tubing, PRT = 929 psi. Hence, the
total friction pressure loss becomes, Pf = 1604 + 929 = 2533 psi.
Alternatively, the friction pressure loss in both straight and reeled tubing can be found
from the graphs presented in this section. From the graph of friction pressure loss for
1.5 in. CT with 0.109 wall thickness, the pressure loss for fresh water at 1 bpm in
straight and reeled tubing is about 160 and 185 psi/1000 ft respectively. Multiplying the
straight tubing loss value by 10 gives the pressure loss in 10,000 ft as PST = 1600 psi.
Similarly, PRT = 185 5 = 925 psi. Thus, the total friction pressure loss,
Pf = 1600 + 925 = 2525 psi.
Non-Newtonian Liquids. Liquids that exhibit a non-linear relationship between shear
stress and shear rate are said to be non-Newtonian. The most widely used non-Newtonian
models in the petroleum industry are the Power-Law and Bingham Plastic models (many
polymer gels and drilling muds can be described by these two models). Friction pressure
loss calculations for Power-Law fluids are dependent on a generalized Reynolds number,
and are somewhat different from the corresponding Newtonian computations. On the other
hand, Bingham Plastic calculations are similar to the Newtonian friction pressure loss
calculations, and only differ in the criteria for determining the onset of turbulence.

Hydraulics
Pressure Losses in Gases. Air, nitrogen, and natural gas are frequently pumped
through CT, with nitrogen used most often because of its inert properties. Unlike liquids,
gases are compressible (gas density is a strong function of pressure) and behave according
to the real gas law. Therefore, friction pressure loss for gas flow in CT must take into
account density variation with pressure appropriately. In addition, most gases are
Newtonian in their fluid behavior. Thus, the criteria for turbulence and evaluation of friction
pressure loss are similar to that of Newtonian fluids.
Pressure Losses in Foams. Foams are essentially multiphase fluids and comprise of a
mixture of liquid, gas, and surfactant. Although foams are multiphase fluids, their
rheological behavior has been observed to be similar to that of Power-Law and BinghamPlastic fluids. These multiphase mixtures can be water-based or oil-based foams depending
on the composition of the liquid medium. The gas phase is usually nitrogen, however, air
and carbon dioxide have also been used. The gas phase exists as microscopic bubbles
and, in practice, may occupy between 10 to 95 percent of the total foam volume. The ratio
of volume fraction of gas to the total volume of foam characterizes the foam in terms of its
"quality". Since gas is compressible, the quality of foam depends on both temperature and
pressure, and must be accounted for appropriately. The friction loss calculations can then
be performed similar to the Power-Law and Bingham-Plastic models, depending on the
model used to characterize the foam behavior.
Pressure Losses in Multiphase Fluids. In general, multiphase fluids pumped

through CT is a two-phase mixture of liquid and gas. The liquid phase is usually comprised
of water, acid, brines or oil, and the gas phase is most often nitrogen, air, or natural gas.
The pressure losses of multiphase fluids in any CT operation are usually computed using
correlations developed for two-phase flow through tubing. However, the fluid properties
(density and viscosity) and friction factor computations differ considerably from the singlephase calculations. The density and viscosity of multiphase fluids can be evaluated by the
simple "rule of mixtures" and is dependent on the liquid hold-up (represents the volume
fraction of the pipe occupied by the liquid phase). Similarly, the friction factor is also
dependent on the liquid hold-up through the two-phase Reynolds number. Clearly,
evaluation of liquid hold-up is a critical part of the multiphase computations and erroneous
system pressure predictions can result if hold-up is not estimated accurately. Liquid hold-up
can either be measured or calculated, and is dependent on the flow regime. Flow regimes in
two-phase flow are classified based on whether the flow is vertical or horizontal. In vertical
flow, the flow regimes are usually classified as bubble, slug, froth, transition, and mist flow,
whereas in horizontal flow, the usual classification is: segregated, intermittent, transition,
and distributed. Details on these various flow regimes and how they can be distinguished
from one another is quite complex and is not presented here.

Hydraulics
Nomenclature
d
= inner diameter of CT (in)
D reel = reel core diameter (in)
= Fanning friction factor
= h = L cos is the vertical distance between two points on the CT (ft)
= length between two points on the CT (ft)
= flow rate (gpm)
Re = Reynolds number
v
= velocity of fluid (ft/s)
Greek Symbols
P = pressure loss (psi)
= absolute pipe roughness (in)
= viscosity of fluid (cp)
= density of fluid (ppg)
= angle of inclination to the vertical (degrees)
Subscripts
= acceleration
RT = reeled tubing
f
= friction
= hydrostatic
ST = straight tubing
References
1. Bourgoyne Jr., A. T., Millheim, K. K., Chenevert, M. E., Young Jr., F. S.: "Applied Drilling Engineering," SPE Textbook Series, Vol. 2 (1991).
2. Sas-Jaworsky II, A., and Reed, T. D.: "Predicting Friction Pressure Losses in Coiled
Tubing Operations," World Oil (Sept., 1997), 141-146.
3. Serghides, T.K..: "Estimate Friction Factor Accurately," Chemical Engineering (Mar.,
1984), 63-64.

Hydraulics
Straight Tubing
CT OD = 1.0 in.; Wall Thickness = 0.087 in.
8000
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
7000
1.2 SG Brine
Pressure Loss (psi/1000 ft)
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
CT OD= 25.4 mm; Wall Thickness = 2.210 mm
180
160
Pressure Loss (KPa/m)
140
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
Flow Rate (m^3/min)
0.25
0.30
0.35

Hydraulics
9000
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
8000
1.2 SG Brine
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
200
Diesel
180
160
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
Flow Rate (m^3/min)
0.25
0.30
0.35

Hydraulics
Reeled Tubing
9000
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
8000
1.2 SG Brine
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
200
Diesel
180
160
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
Flow Rate (m^3/min)
0.25
0.30
0.35

Hydraulics
10000
Diesel
9000
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
CT OD = 25.4 mm; Wall Thickness = 2.413 mm
250
Diesel
Fresh Water
200
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
150
100
50
0
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
Flow Rate (m^3/min)
10
0.25
0.30
0.35

Hydraulics
Straight Tubing
2500
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
50
45
40
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
Flow Rate (m^3/min)
11
0.25
0.30
0.35

Hydraulics
3500
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
3000
1.2 SG Brine
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
80
70
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
Flow Rate (m^3/min)
12
0.25
0.30
0.35

Hydraulics
Reeled Tubing
2500
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
60
50
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
40
30
20
10
0
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
Flow Rate (m^3/min)
13
0.25
0.30
0.35

Hydraulics
4000
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
90
80
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
Flow Rate (m^3/min)
14
0.25
0.30
0.35

Hydraulics
Straight Tubing
1800
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1600
1.2 SG Brine
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
15
2.5
3.0

Hydraulics
2500
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
50
Diesel
45
40
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
Flow Rate (m^3/min)
16
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50

Hydraulics
Reeled Tubing
2500
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
50
Diesel
45
40
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
Flow Rate (m^3/min)
17
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50

Hydraulics
3000
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
2500
1.2 SG Brine
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
60
50
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
40
30
20
10
0
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
Flow Rate (m^3/min)
18
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50

Hydraulics
Straight Tubing
1400
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1200
1.2 SG Brine
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
30
25
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
20
15
10
0
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
Flow Rate (m^3/min)
19
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65

Hydraulics
1800
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1600
1.2 SG Brine
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
40
35
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
30
25
20
15
10
0
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
Flow Rate (m^3/min)
20
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65

Hydraulics
Reeled Tubing
1600
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1400
1.2 SG Brine
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
35
30
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
25
20
15
10
0
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
Flow Rate (m^3/min)
21
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65

Hydraulics
2500
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
50
Diesel
45
40
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
Flow Rate (m^3/min)
22
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65

Hydraulics
Straight Tubing
1200
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1000
1.2 SG Brine
800
600
400
200
0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
30
25
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
20
15
10
0
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
Flow Rate (m^3/min)
23
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80

Hydraulics
1400
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1200
1.2 SG Brine
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
30
25
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
20
15
10
0
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
Flow Rate (m^3/min)
24
0.60
0.70
0.80

Hydraulics
Reeled Tubing
1400
Diesel
Fresh Water
1200
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
35
30
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
25
20
15
10
0
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
Flow Rate (m^3/min)
25
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80

Hydraulics
1600
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1400
1.2 SG Brine
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
35
30
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
25
20
15
10
0
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
Flow Rate (m^3/min)
26
0.60
0.70
0.80

Hydraulics
Straight Tubing
500
Diesel
450
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
12
10
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
0
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
Flow Rate (m^3/min)
27
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80

Hydraulics
600
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
500
400
300
200
100
0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
12
10
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
0
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
Flow Rate (m^3/min)
28
0.60
0.70
0.80

Hydraulics
Reeled Tubing
600
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
500
1.2 SG Brine
400
300
200
100
0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
14
12
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
10
0
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
Flow Rate (m^3/min)
29
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80

Hydraulics
700
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
16
14
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
12
10
0
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
Flow Rate (m^3/min)
30
0.60
0.70
0.80

Hydraulics
Straight Tubing
400
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
350
1.2 SG Brine
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
0
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
Flow Rate (m^3/min)
31
1.00
1.20
1.40

Hydraulics
450
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
400
1.2 SG Brine
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
10
Diesel
9
8
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
Flow Rate (m^3/min)
32
1.00
1.20
1.40

Hydraulics
Reeled Tubing
500
Diesel
450
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
12
10
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
0
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
Flow Rate (m^3/min)
33
1.00
1.20
1.40

Hydraulics
600
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
500
1.2 SG Brine
400
300
200
100
0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
12
10
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
0
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
Flow Rate (m^3/min)
34
1.00
1.20
1.40

Hydraulics
Straight Tubing
200
Diesel
180
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
4.5
3.5
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
Flow Rate (m^3/min)
35
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60

Hydraulics
250
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
200
150
100
50
0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
5
Diesel
4.5
4
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
Flow Rate (m^3/min)
36
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60

Hydraulics
Reeled Tubing
250
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
200
150
100
50
0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
0
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
Flow Rate (m^3/min)
37
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60

Hydraulics
250
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
200
150
100
50
0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
Flow Rate (bpm)
Diesel
Fresh Water
15% HCl
1.2 SG Brine
0
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
Flow Rate (m^3/min)
38
1.20
1.40
1.60
Complete Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Blowout Preventers (BOP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Features .......................................................................................
Options .........................................................................................
Operation......................................................................................
Blind Ram Assembly ....................................................................
Pipe Ram Assembly .....................................................................
Slip Ram Assembly ......................................................................
Shear Ram Assembly...................................................................
Shear Seal Rams .........................................................................
Pipe Slip Rams.............................................................................
BOP Field Testing ........................................................................
3
3
3
4
5
5
6
9
9
9
Stripper Packers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Operation......................................................................................
Stripper Packer Elements.............................................................
Top Loading Stripper Packer........................................................
Anti-Buckling Device ....................................................................
Inhibitor Injection ..........................................................................
Test Pressure ...............................................................................
17
17
17
19
19
19
Quick Latches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Hydraconns .................................................................................. 25
Injector Connectors ...................................................................... 25
Hydraulic Releasing Connector.................................................... 26
Unions & Flanges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Maintenance & Field Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Suggested Maintenance Schedule............................................... 32
Field Inspections .......................................................................... 32
Well Control Equipment Literature

Forged Block Blowout Preventers Hydraulic Connectors
Top Entry, Sidedoor, Sidewinder, and
Tandem Stripper Packers Subsea Preventers
Lubricators, Adapter Flanges, and All Styles of Hand Unions
BLOWOUT PREVENTER SYSTEMS

Type EC and EH Model Quad BOPs
Compact profile designed for high
operational pressure control
Increased protection against blowouts
Solid block bodies and bonnets made from
forged steel for optimal pressure integrity
and safety
Economical field proven design with a 20
year track history
Wide range of flanged or union connections
Available with Internal or External hydraulic
connections on the cylinders
Single, double, or triple configurations
available
Optional booster cylinders for shearing large, heavy wall CT

Type EM/EN Model BOP
Compact, solid block profile and two bolt

bonnet design provides for easier
handling and quicker ram seal
replacement
Rams easily changed to accommodate
all tubing sizes up to 2.375" diameter
Oversized shear actuators, with multiplecut shear blades, allow for repeated
shearing of tubing sizes up to 2.375" at
full 10,000 psi working pressure without
the need for booster cylinders
Hydraulic actuators include a quick union
nut for easy and quick maintenance
Slip rams have replaceable inserts with
an interrupted tooth pattern that reduces
slip damage to the coiled tubing and
maximizes grip area
Available in the EN internally ported
hydraulics configuration, or the EM
model for use with hydraulic hose bridles
Dual Combi Blowout Preventer

Reduces the overall stack height and
weight of the equipment
Combines the shear rams and the blind
rams into one set of shear seal rams
Slip rams and pipe rams are combined
into one set of pipe slip rams
Dual combination available in the EC,
EH, EM, EN and the IH models
Combi technology can be incorporated
into singles, duals, triples, and quads

Type IH Model Blowout Preventer
Environmentally friendly, no loss of hydraulic
fluids during ram change and routine
cleaning
Design makes it easier for the user to inspect
and clean the unit
Hydraulic pressure is utilized to back the
actuator and rams away from the BOP body
Hydraulic pressure moves the ram out of the
bonnet to let you remove it easily
Designed and manufactured for high
pressure
coiled
tubing
applications
Integral porting features inherent
in the design use the existing
open and close ports for all
hydraulic functions.
Type EI Subsea BOP

Subsea wellhead intervention BOP which makes up an integral component of
the lower wellhead riser package
Features a single line hydraulic system and an automatic, wedge-type,
Autolock actuator system
Autolock system secures
rams in the closed
position in the event of a
hydraulic failure, or an
emergency situation that
requires disconnecting
from the subsea wellhead
Built to customers specific
design requirements which
generally include a dualbore valve block with a
combination of Blind Shear and Pipe Slip Combi ram assemblies
Combi rams offer increased functionality, and the ability to use a wide range
of coiled tubing and wireline sizes in a field-proven, compact design
All pressure ratings and service applications are available including certification
STRIPPER PACKER SYSTEMS

Conventional Stripper Packers
Conventional benchmark pack-off system for the coiled
tubing industry since its introduction in the early 1980s
Reliability and low-maintenance design is the most cost
effective pack-off available
Designed to pack-off on coiled tubing as it is stripped in
and out of the well at pressures up to 10,000 psi
Uses the Interlock packer elements. Easily changed
by removing the top entry split cap and using hydraulic
pack-off pressure to expose the packer for quick
replacement
Side Door Stripper Packers
Designed to pack-off on coiled tubing

as it is stripped in and out of the well
Unique design permits replacement of
the packer elements and bushings
through an open window below the
injector
Advantageous design easily allows
changing packers with tubing in the well
Side Door design permits replacement
of the packer, non-extrusion ring, and
bushings by hydraulically retracting the
pack-off piston to expose an open portal
through which these elements may be
changed with tubing in the well
STRIPPER PACKER SYSTEMS

Sidewinder Stripper Packers
Reduced overall stack height by 50% over standard Side Door models
Retractable packers and bushings enable full through bore capabilities for
running tools through the Stripper Packer
Easy packer change. Hydraulic pressure is used to back the actuator and
packer out of the body with easy
access to change the packer and
bushings
Tandem operability. The standard
Sidewinder can be run in tandem
Low hydraulic pressures
Tandem Stripper Packers
Designed to run in tandem below a conventional

or side door stripper packer and may be run
independently as a back up stripper, or in
conjunction with the upper pack-off
Tandem operation allows lubricant injection under
pressure between packers to reduce well pressure
and increase packer element life
Injection porting also allows injection of inhibitors
and de-icing chemicals
Tandem stripper packers are available in the Side
Door and Sidewinder configurations
HYDRAULIC QUICK LATCHES / CONNECTORS

Type JU Hydraconn Union
Injector Connector
Design facilitates a secure connection between the

coiled tubing BOP and Stripper Packer, providing an
elevated level of personal safety by minimizing the
need for operator assistance during rig-up of the
pressure control stack
Constructed to provide a safe and reliable connection
in a compact, rugged design
Incorporates a tapered seal bore that facilitates
stabbing the connection
Safety latch with a manual override and an indicator
included to prevent an unintentional release while
operating with well pressure in the stack
Available in 3.06, 4.06, 5.12, 6-3/8, and 7.06 sizes in
pressure ranges 5,000, 10,000 & 15,000
Safety quick latch between the Stripper Packer and the injector
head
Hydraulic pressure is required to latch and unlatch. No
hydraulic pressure is required to retain the tool in the latched
position
Designed to latch the injector to the pressure control stack
without the need for personnel standing underneath the
injector
JHS Hydraulic Releasing Connector
No hydraulic pressure required to latch

The latch is capable of 1,000,000 lbs of pull
Designed to connect the injector to drill pipe when working on a
drill ship or semi-submersible rig
Unlatching requires hydraulic pressure; a backup manual system
is also incorporated in the tool
Available in 3.06, 4.06, and 5.12 sizes in pressure ranges 5,000
to 15,000 psi
Quick Disconnect
Designed as a safety quick

disconnect for hoses or pipe lines
Hydraulic pressure will quickly
disconnect the tool and the hoses
even with well bore pressure
Corrosion resistant alloys provide a
reliable, extended life
Redundant secondary well bore
seals
Weco or API hub end connections
COILED TUBING DRILLING / WORKOVER EQUIPMENT

Type EJ Model Annular BOP
Designed for coiled tubing drilling, snubbing, and wireline
operations
Can be used as a stripper/pack-off with coiled tubing in
the well, allowing large BHAs to be inserted through the
annular; or as a CSO Blowout Preventer at times when
the tubing is out of the well
Unique features allow quick and efficient packer
replacement, and a shorter overall height
Configuration has a studded body for quick removal of
the bonnet and rapid packer removal
Designed to be lightweight and compact
Includes vented ports between the hydraulic system
seals and the well bore seals
Type EG Model 7.06" BOP
Work Window
Designed for well servicing, coiled tubing

applications and complete workover
operation
Field-proven designs improved upon to
offer a BOP that can be supplied with
any combination of Blind, Variable Pipe
2-3/8" - 3.50", Slip, and Shear rams for
use with coiled tubing or workover
strings
Blind Shear and Pipe Slip Combi rams
available for coiled tubing sizes up to
3.50" O.D
Design provides easier and quicker field
maintenance, longer service life, and
sustained reliability under all types of well
conditions
Rams may be changed with pipe in the
well
Large rubber volume in the top seal and
front packer elements increase the ram's
service life
Hydraulic work window with large opening, convenient access and ample
working room
Dual well bore seals on reciprocating window, with back ups for the main
dynamic seal
Cam lock window has a unique positive lock in the closed position
Reliable, safe design based on TOT Side Door technology
Electronic sensor to indicate the window is closed and locked
Well pressure lock prevents hydraulic pressure from opening the window
SPECIALTY EQUIPMENT
Tubing Cutter
In response to the needs of the Coiled
Tubing industry, Texas Oil Tools has
developed a line of Tubing Cutters for
use in a variety of applications.
Three models are currently available

for shearing up to 3.50" OD tubing
Hydraulically operated cutter comes
in a configuration as light as 42 lbs
for easy handling
Generates over 60,000 lbs of force
Requires only one hydraulic hose
connection
Air spring returns the blades to the
full open position when hydraulic
pressure is vented
Adapters / Spools / Lubricators / Flow Cross / Hand Unions
Adapter Flange
Flow Tee
Adapter Flange
Flow Cross
Hand Union
Lubricator
Adapter Spool
Lubricator
Well Control Equipment
Complete Stack w/options

Blowout Preventers (BOP)

Pressure ratings of the blowout preventers
correspond with API 6A and 16A information. Currently, coiled tubing blowout preventers have been built for 5,000psi,
10,000psi and 15,000psi working pressures.
A blowout preventer (BOP) contains well

bore pressure. Its main function is to prevent well fluids from escaping into the
atmosphere. A coiled tubing blowout preventer is designed specifically for coiled
tubing operations.
A blowout preventer consists of several
pairs of rams. Each type of ram performs a
specific function:
- Blind rams isolate well bore fluids
and contain pressure when there
is no coiled tubing in the blowout
preventer.
Single BOP
- Pipe or tubing rams seal around

coiled tubing to isolate well bore
fluids and contain pressure.
- Shear rams have cutting blades to
shear coiled tubing.
- Slip or gripping rams hold the
coiled tubing to prevent it from
being pushed out of the well or
from falling down the well.
Blind rams, and pipe or tubing rams are
also known as sealing rams.
Dual Combi BOP
The number and type of ram pairs in a

BOP is determined by the configuration of
the blowout preventer: single, double, triple, quad, or quint. The standard coiled
tubing blowout preventer is a quad. From
top down, the four separate ram pairs are
blind rams, shear rams, slip rams, and
pipe rams.
The standard coiled tubing blowout preventer has two equalizing ports, one on
each sealing ram. It also has a side outlet
between the slip and shear rams. This side
outlet can be used as a safety kill line.
Triple Combi BOP
Blowout preventers are available in several sizes. These sizes normally follow the
API flange sizes. They start with the 2 9/
16 and can be as large as 7 1/16. Currently the most commonly used size is the
3 1/16 quad. The following table is a rule
of thumb for what size coiled tubing can be
used in each BOP
BOP Size
Coiled Tubing Range
2.56
3.06
4.06
5.12
6.375
7.06
0.75 through 2.00

0.75 through 2.375
1.00 through 2.875
Quad BOP
1.25 through 3.50

Features
Options
Environmentally friendly, will not

spill hydraulic fluid when the
bonnets are retracted from the
BOP body.
Hydraulic pressure will retract the
actuators away from the body
making the maintenance easier.
Corrosion resistant alloy body for
severe harsh well conditions.
Keyless ram assemblies.
Combination pipe and slip ram
assemblies. One set of rams will
seal and hold the coiled tubing.
Combination shear and seal ram
assemblies. One set of rams will
cut the coiled tubing and seal on
the open hole.
Forged steel body
Cam-lock cylinder to body
connections.
Integral side outlet flange for use as
a kill port.
Double seal for critical well bore
seals.
Quick union ram access.
Corrosion resistant alloys on the
rams, piston rods, seat and stems.
These alloys should be highly
resistant to corrosion, drilling fluids,
and well fluids.
Separate well pressure and
hydraulic seals on the piston rods
with a weep hole between them to
prevent well fluids from entering the
hydraulic system and to indicate
leaks.
Teflon coating on the body to
minimize the onset of corrosion on
the BOP body.
Indicator rods on each piston to
indicate the true position of the
ram.
Manual non-rising stems
encapsulated in the hydraulic
chamber. A special thread on the
stem reduces galling and makes it
easier to close with full well head
pressure.
Solid block BOP body with no
welds or threads on the BOP body.
Integral equalizing valve that has
no exposed tubing.
Easy assembly and maintenance.
A BOP should have ram change
rods that make it easy for daily
maintenance. Actuators should
only go together one way so they
cannot be put together incorrectly.
Quick unions for all types of

equipment. Quick unions exist for
5,000, 10,000 and 15,000psi H2S
environments.
A debooster is a safety tool to
monitor well pressure without
having the high pressure and well
fluids in the control cabin. A 4:1
debooster is available that will
mount to the BOP body and
connect to the high pressure port
on the BOP body. Well pressure
runs to the inlet of the debooster
and is converted to hydraulic
pressure with a reduction of four.
The hydraulic line is run to the
control cabin and connected to a
Martin Decker 1:4 gauge that
indicates the actual well pressure.
Ram change rods to make it easier
to pull the rams out of the BOP.
The actuators can be pulled away
from the body without having to pull
them off. Ram change rods are
standard for some BOP models.
Booster cylinders to shear large
diameter or heavy wall coiled
tubing. If the equipment you have
cannot shear required coiled
tubing, you can add booster
cylinders to the shear actuators.
The type of model to use depends
on the hydraulic pressure.
Side outlet flange to adapt to the
treating iron.
Operation
A BOP operates with hydraulic pressure.
You must connect two hoses to each actuator for proper operation of a BOP. One
hose is used to close the ram. The other
hose is used to open it.
Preparation
1. Be sure the BOP has been fully
serviced by a competent technician. Do not assume that a serviceable blowout preventer on the
last job will be good for the next
job. Well conditions and storage
conditions are the main contributors to premature corrosion and pitting.
2. Check the operation of the manual
locks. Rotate the handwheel
counter-clockwise to open the
manual locks.
3. Check all flange and union seals for
damage that might impair sealing.

3. Open the rams with hydraulic pressure. You cannot open the rams
manually.
Repair or replace items if necessary.

4. Check all sealing surfaces and ring
gaskets for scratches which may
impair sealing.
Blind Ram Assembly

Blind rams are a type of sealing rams.
They isolate well bore fluids and contain
pressure when there is no coiled tubing in
the blowout preventer. Unlike pipe rams,
blind rams will not seal on any wireline,
cable or tubing. If closed on wireline the
seals will damage the wireline.
5. Test all hydraulic functions. Open

and close each set of rams.
6. Pressure test the complete stack
before starting each job.
7. Close all equalizing valves.
Blind rams consist of identical ram bodies

positioned opposite each other in a ram
bore. Each ram assembly contains a ram
body, front seal, rear seal and a retainer
bar. The front seal contains the well pressure on an open hole and the rear seal
contains the well pressure from behind the
ram body.
Closing and Locking the Rams

After fully closing the rams, you should
close and lock the manual locks into place.
The locks hold the well bore pressure,
while slip rams hold the tubing, even if
hydraulic pressure is lost. Locking the
manual locks tightly is critical for the slip
ram if there is no backup.
Hydraulic pressure acts on a piston connected to a piston rod. The force moves
the rams to the center of the well bore. As
the force is increased, the rubber flows
and forms a seal.
The following is the procedure for closing

and locking the rams:
1. Close the rams with hydraulic pressure. If the hydraulic system has
failed, release the hydraulic fluid in
front of the piston, then close the
rams manually. To release the
fluid, either switch the valve over to
the closed position, or remove the
hydraulic fittings from the front of
the piston. Then allow the fluid to
drain.
Never open blind rams with a differential of pressure across them. The pressure above and below the rams should be
equal before opening them. If you open
blind rams with a differential of pressure, it
will damage the rubber goods and the
BOP will no longer function properly.
2. Run the manual locks in and rotate

the handwheel clockwise to lock
the rams. Tighten the handwheel
down with a pipe wrench and
torque it down to make sure it is
locked.
Unlocking and Opening the Rams

The rams must be fully opened to avoid
contact with the tool string.
The procedure to unlock and open the
rams is
1. Equalize the pressure above and
below the rams. Do not open the
pipe rams or blind rams with a
pressure differential across them.
Blind Ram Assembly
2. Unlock the manual locks by rotating

the handwheel counter-clockwise.
Note that rotating the handwheel
clockwise will lock the rams.

Pipe Ram Assembly

Pipe rams, also called tubing rams, are a
type of sealing rams. They seal around
coiled tubing to isolate well bore fluids and
contain pressure.
Pipe rams consist of identical ram bodies
positioned opposite each other in a ram
bore. Each ram assembly contains a ram
body, front seal, rear seal and a retainer
bar. The front seal contains the well pressure around the coiled tubing and the rear
seal contains the well pressure from
behind the ram body.
Hydraulic pressure acts on a piston connected to a piston rod. The force moves
the rams to the center of the through bore.
Guides, machined on the rams, guide the
coiled tubing into the center of the rams to
the front seal. As the force is increased,
the rubber flows around the coiled tubing
and forms a seal.
Never open pipe rams with a differential
of pressure across them. The pressure
above and below the rams should be equal
before opening them. If you open pipe
rams with a differential of pressure, it will
damage the rubber goods and the BOP
will no longer function properly.
Slip rams consist of identical rams and slip

inserts positioned opposite each other in a
ram bore. Each ram assembly contains a
ram body, slip insert and a retainer pin.
The slip insert slides into the ram and is
held in place with the retainer pin. The
retainer pin does not take any loading; it
merely prevents the insert from falling into
the well. The slips should hold the yield
strength of the coiled tubing.
The slip inserts have a special tooth
designed to minimize the stresses on the
coiled tubing. The slip insert is machined
out of a NACE material and then hardened
for gripping and holding the coiled tubing.
This process makes the slips highly susceptible to SSC (sulfide stress cracking).
Since the slips may be exposed to H2S
during coiled tubing operations, the slip
inserts are made with a soft core and hard
case. The hard outer case will be subject
to cracking; however, the softer core will
not be as likely to crack in an H2S environment.
When inspecting slip rams, make sure the
slips are in good condition, .03 flat on the
gripping edge or crest of the teeth on the
slip insert is insufficient. The insert must
be replaced. Use the following steps to
operate slip rams:
1. Close the slips with hydraulic pressure to ensure that they will hold.
The minimum hydraulic pressure
required is 1500psi.
2. Manually lock the slips by turning
the handwheel closed and locking
it in with a pipe wrench. Closing the
manual locks ensures that the slips
will hold, even if hydraulic pressure
is lost.
Pipe Ram Assembly
Slip Ram Assembly

Slip rams grip the coiled tubing holding it
and preventing it from being pushed out of
the well or from falling down the well. In
addition to having a pair of slip rams in the
BOP stack, you may want a backup set of
slips above the stripper packer as an extra
safety precaution.
5
Slip Ram Assembly

Shear Ram Assembly

Shear rams have shear inserts to cut
through coiled tubing, wireline, or cable.
Shear rams have right and left hand ram
bodies. The ram assembly consists of ram
bodies, shear blades and socket head cap
screws. The blades on both ram bodies
are identical. The socket head cap screws
hold the blades in their proper place. The
blades are made out of a material that is
hardened after machining. The base
material used for the blades is a NACE
approved material, and therefore the core
of the blades remains relatively soft. The
material gives the blades the ductility
required to prevent cracking and still shear
the coiled tubing. A single set of shear
blades can cut multiple times. More than
30 cuts have been made with one set of
blades with no damage.
Shear Ram Assembly
Test Data for TOT Shear Rams

Extensive testing on shearing coiled tubing
was performed at the Texas Oil Tools Conroe factory. The results have been tabulated and are presented for your
convenience. Separate tests were conducted to confirm the additional pressure
required to close the rams under wellbore
pressure. In each case, where multiple
cuts were made, the highest observed
pressure is shown. Wireline was placed
inside the coiled tubing for many of the
cuts. Either 7/32 or 15/32 line was used
and in every case the wireline cut at a
lower pressure than the coiled tubing.
Several cuts were made with the slips set
to determine if this increased the force
required. It did not.
Shear blades for H2S service have special

requirements, as noted in the NACE specifications MR-01-75: high strength and
high hardness steels are required for ram
shear blades to shear drill pipe during
emergency conditions. However the user
shall be advised that these materials are
highly susceptible to SSC (sulfide stress
cracking). Since the blades may be
exposed to H2S during coiled tubing operations, the shear blades are made with a
soft core and hard case. The hard outer
case will be subject to cracking; however,
the softer core will not be as likely to crack
in an H2S environment.
This tabulation of actual hydraulic operating pressures required to cut coiled tubing
hould serve only as a guide in determining
if a booster is required.
It is extremely important that you make

sure your BOP will shear the coiled tubing
you are using. A simple shear test in the
yard will prove whether or not this can be
accomplished. If the blades chip or break,
you need to get new blades. High yield
and heavy wall pipe require special blades
and may require booster cylinders.
Inspect the blades frequently; any chips or
pitting on the blades is a good indication
they need to be replaced. Use extreme
caution with the shear blades, if they look
bad, they may not cut when you need them
to cut.

Shear Test Data for 3.06" Quad Blowout Preventer

1
7
Booster
3000 psi
Hyd. WP
10M Well
8
Booster
1500 psi
Hyd. WP
10M Well
O.D.
Wall
1.000
0.075
70
1,000
1,556
1.000
0.087
70
1,100
1,656
2,111
725
529
2,211
760
1.000
0.095
70
1,300
1,856
554
2,411
829
1.000
0.109
70
1,400
604
1,956
2,511
863
1.250
0.087
70
629
1,500
2,056
2,611
897
1.250
0.087
654
80
1,600
2,156
2,711
932
1.250
679
0.087
100
1,800
2,356
2,911
1,000
730
1.250
0.095
70
1,500
2,056
2,611
897
654
1.250
0.087
70
1,500
2,056
2,611
897
654
1.250
0.087
80
1,600
2,156
2,711
932
679
1.250
0.087
100
1,800
2,356
2,911
1,000
730
1.250
0.095
70
1,500
2,056
2,611
897
654
Type Hyd. psi

Matl 0 Well
Hyd. psi
5M Well
Hyd. psi
10M Well
1.250
0.109
70
1,500
2,056
2,611
897
654
1.250
0.109
**70
900
1,456
2,011
691
504
1.250
0.109
*70
1,400
1,956
2,511
863
629
1.250
0.109
100
2,100
2,656
3,211
1,103
805
1.250
0.134
70
2,400
2,956
3,511
1,207
880
1.250
0.175
70
3,000
3,556
4,111
1,413
1,030
1.500
0.095
70
1,700
2,256
2,811
966
705
1.500
0.109
70
1,900
2,456
3,011
1,035
755
1.500
0.125
70
2,100
2,656
3,211
1,103
805
1.500
0.134
70
2,750
3,306
3,861
1,327
968
1.500
0.156
70
3,200
3,756
4,311
1,481
1,080
1.750
0.109
70
2,450
3,006
3,561
1,224
892
1.750
0.175
100
1,500
2,056
2,611
897
1,654
1.750
0.190
100
1,800
2,356
2,911
1,000
730
2.000
0.203
80
2,000
2,556
3,111
1,069
780
* This test cut was with 10,000# tension applied before making the cut. The tension of hanging tubingweight, or applied pull, decreases the force required to cut the tubing.
**This test cut was with 20,000# tension applied before making the cut. The tension of hanging tubing
weight, or applied pull, decreases the force required to cut the tubing.
Column #1 is the outside diameter of the coiled tubing.
Column #2 is the wall thickness of the coiled tubing.
Column #3 is the published yield strength of the coiled tubing: 70, 80, 90 or 100 kpsi yield strength.
Column #4 is the hydraulic operating pressure required to shear the coiled tubing and overcome a well
bore pressure of 0psi using the original 3.06" BOP hydraulic cylinders.
Column #5 is the hydraulic operating pressure required to shear the coiled tubing and overcome a wellbore pressure of 5,000psi using the original 3.06" BOP hydraulic cylinders.
Column #6 is the hydraulic operating pressure required to shear the coiled tubing and overcome a wellbore pressure of 10,000psi using the original 3.06" BOP hydraulic cylinders.
Column #7 is the hydraulic operating pressure required to shear the coiled tubing and overcome a wellbore pressure of 10,000psi using the Booster Cylinder, EH34-BC03. (Max. psi 3,000psi)
Column #8 is the hydraulic pressure required to shear the coiled tubing and overcome a wellbore pressure of 10,000psi using the Booster Cylinder EH34-BC05. (Max. psi 2,000psi

Shear Test Data for 4.06" Quad Blowout Preventer

1
Type Hyd. psi

Matl 0 Well
Hyd. psi
5M Well
Hyd. psi
10M Well
Booster
1500psi
Hyd. WP
10M Well
O.D.
Wall
1.250
0.087
70
700
1078
1456
444
1.250
0.095
70
700
1078
1456
444
1.250
0.109
70
800
1178
1556
474
1.250
0.125
70
1100
1478
1856
566
1.250
0.134
70
1100
1478
1856
566
1.250
0.156
70
1300
1678
2056
627
1.500
0.095
70
900
1278
1656
505
1.500
0.109
70
1000
1378
1756
535
1.500
0.134
70
1200
1578
1956
596
1.500
0.156
70
1300
1678
2056
627
1.750
0.087
70
1050
1428
1806
551
1.750
0.095
70
1150
1528
1906
581
1.750
0.134
70
1400
1778
2156
657
1.750
0.156
70
1500
1878
2256
688
2.000
0.109
70
1300
1678
2056
627
2.000
0.125
70
1600
1978
2356
718
2.000
0.134
70
1700
2078
2456
749
2.000
0.156
70
1800
2178
2556
779
2.375
0.109
70
1100
1478
1856
566
2.375
0.156
70
1500
1878
2256
688
2.875
0.109
70
1500
1878
2256
688
2.875
0.156
70
1500
1878
2256
688
Column #1 is the outside diameter of the coiled tubing.

Column #2 is the wall thickness of the coiled tubing.
Column #3 is the published yield strength of the coiled tubing: 70, 80, 90 or 100 kpsi yield strength.
Column #4 is the hydraulic operating pressure required to shear the coiled tubing and overcome a well
bore pressure of 0psi using the original 3.06" BOP hydraulic cylinders.
Column #5 records the hydraulic pressure required to cut the tubing (with zero well pressure). This is with
the original 4.06" BOP hydraulic cylinders, (no Booster).
Column #6 adds the hydraulic pressure required to overcome a well pressure of 5,000psi.
Column #8 The hydraulic pressure shown is the pressure required when the well pressure is 10,000psi.
This unit is designed for hydraulic pressure of 1,500, to 2,000psi W.P. and 3,000psi Test.
Column #8 The hydraulic pressure shown is the pressure required when the well pressure is 10,000psi.
This unit is designed for hydraulic pressure of 1,500, to 2,000psi W.P. and 3,000psi Test

Shear Seal Rams
Pipe Slip Rams
Shear Seal Ram Assembly
The Shear Seal Rams are designed to

shear the coiled tubing along with any
wireline or cable and establish a blind seal.
The blades will cut the tubing and will continue to stroke until the rubber seals form a
seal on the well bore. Left and right hand
ram bodies are positioned opposite each
other in the valve block. Both rams contain
a rear seal for sealing wellbore pressure
from below and seals on the blades for
sealing the through bore.
As the rams close, shearing of the work
string takes place between the upper and
lower blades. After shearing is complete,
continued travel of both rams to the body
center causes the leading edge of the right
hand blade to engage the elastomer sealing area in the left-hand insert and effect a
wellbore pressure seal from below. Once
the seal is obtained, the pressure from
below acts to keep the rams closed and
maintain the seal. Pressure from above
the ram acts in the opposite direction,
tending to open the rams and break the
seal. Accordingly, the rams are uni-directional and designed to seal pressure from
below only. In operation, the rams are not
designed to be opened against full differential pressure. Before opening, always
ensure that the pressure across the rams
is equalized. Failure to do so may result in
mechanical damage to the head of the ram
rod and possible extrusion damage to the
ram seals.
Two identical ram bodies are positioned

opposite each other in the valve body.
Each ram body contains a front seal, rear
seal, and slip insert that work in unison to
grip and seal around the coiled tubing. The
front seal contains the well pressure
around the coiled tubing and the rear seal
contains the well pressure from behind the
ram body.
A slip insert is installed above the front
seal to hold the coiled tubing during sealing. The slip insert movement is transmitted to the hydraulic actuator by the
compression pin. The compression pin is
held in place by the retainer ring. An o-ring
is installed to seal against wellbore pressure from below. The force created by the
o-ring seal assists in the setting of the slip
onto the outside of the coiled tubing.
BOP Field Testing

Test Fluids
Normally use cold water for testing. However, you can use another fluid if it is nonflammable and not harmful to any of the
resilient seals.
Test Pressure
The test pressure should be limited to the
lowest pressure determined by the following constraints:
- The rated working pressure of
the BOP, open or closed. Do not
confuse the manufacturers rated
working pressure with the rated
test pressure. The rated test
pressure is a factory test to prove
the strength of the BOP shell;
never use it as the working
pressure.
- The lowest working pressure of
any outlet or connection, flanged
or threaded.
The working pressure (with safety factor)
of the tubing used in the test.

BOP Specifications
TOT 2.50" 5,000 psi Quad BOP

-20F to 250F H2S Service
-25F to 250F North Sea Service
Temperature & Service

-50F to 200F Arctic Service
75F to 500F Steam
Connections
Top End
2.56 5M R27 Studded Flange
Lower End
2.56 5M R27 Open Flange
Side Outlet
2.06 5M R24 Studded Flange
Coiled Tubing Range
1.00 to 2.00
Hydraulic Operating Range

Booster cylinder may reduce operating pressure
1,500psi Minimum - 3,000psi Maximum
Hydraulic Volumes
Close 1 (one) pair of Rams
31.4 cubic inches
Open 1 (one) pair of Rams
27.9 cubic inches
Close Booster Shear Rams
122 cubic inches
Ratio Hydraulic Pressure:Well Pressure
9:1
Dimensions
33.30 tall x 61.3 wide
Weight
1,000 lbs
Options
Debooster Assembly
External Only
Adapter Flanges
Top, bottom & side - All standard unions
Test Fixtures
Blank box and/or lift plug
10



75F to 500F Steam
Connections
Top End
2.56 BX-153 Studded Flange
Lower End
2.56 BX-153 Open Flange
Side Outlet
2.06 BX-152 Studded Outlet
Coiled Tubing Range
1.00 to 2.00

Hydraulic Volumes
32 cubic inches
28 cubic inches
122 cubic inches
9:1
Dimensions
Weight
1,100 lbs
Options
Debooster Assembly
Internal or external
Adapter Flanges
Test Fixtures
Change Rod Assembly
Ram change rod
11



75F to 500F Steam
Connections
Top End
3.06 BX-154 Studded Flange
Lower End
3.06 BX-154 Open Flange
Side Outlet
2.06 BX-152 Studded Outlet
Coiled Tubing Range
1.00 to 2.00

Hydraulic Volumes
32 cubic inches
28 cubic inches
122 cubic inches
9:1
Dimensions
Weight
1,300 lbs
Options
Debooster Assembly
Adapter Flanges
Test Fixtures
Change Rod Assembly
Ram change rod for bonnets
12



75F to 500F Steam
Connections
Top End
3.06 15M BX-154 Studded Flange
Lower End
3.06 15M BX-154 Open Flange
Side Outlet
2.06 15M BX-152 Studded Outlet
Coiled Tubing Range
1.00 to 2.00

Hydraulic Volumes
Close 1 (one) pair of pipe rams
46 cubic inches
Open 1 (one) pair of shear rams
42 cubic inches
Close one pair of shear rams
112.9 cubic inches
Open one pair of shear rams
105.8 cubic inches
12.25:1
Dimensions
50.00 tall x 59.88 wide
Weight
2,700 lbs
Options
Debooster Assembly
Adapter Flanges
Quick connect guards
To protect hydraulic fittings
Test Fixtures
Blank box
13



75F to 500F Steam
Connections
Top End
Lower End
Side Outlet
Coiled Tubing Range
1.25 to 2.87

Hydraulic Volumes
Close 1 (one) pair of rams
148 cubic inches
Open 1 (one) pair of rams
128 cubic inches
Close booster shear rams
580 cubic inches
13:1
Dimensions
Weight
3,500 lbs
Options
Debooster Assembly
Adapter Flanges
Test Fixtures
14



75F to 500F Steam
Connections
Top End
Lower End
Side Outlet
Coiled Tubing Range
1.25 to 2.87

Hydraulic Volumes
184 cubic inches
Open 1 (one) pair of rams
170 cubic inches
Close booster shear rams
580 cubic inches
13:1
Dimensions
63.25 tall x 83.50 wide
Weight
8,900 lbs
Options
Debooster Assembly
Adapter Flanges
Test Fixtures
15



75F to 500F Steam
Connections
Top End
Lower End
Side Outlet
Coiled Tubing Range
1.25 to 3.50

Hydraulic Volumes
184 cubic inches
Open 1 (one) pair of pipe rams
167 cubic inches
Close 1 (one) pair of shear rams
462 cubic inches
Open 1 (one) pair of shear rams
424 cubic inches

Pipe rams
11:1
Shear rams
12.25:1
Dimensions
64.50 tall x 82.53 wide
Weight
9,000 lbs
Options
Debooster Assembly
Adapter Flanges
Quick connect guards
To protect hydraulic fittings
Test Fixtures
Change rod assembly
Standard
16

Stripper Packers
Stripper Packers
A stripper packer is a pressure-containing
device designed to contain well bore pressure during coiled tubing operations. It is
the upper tool in the pressure control
stack. It is always mounted above the
blowout preventer, and as close to the
injector chains as possible. Its purpose is
to seal around the coiled tubing in dynamic
applications as the coiled tubing is run in
and out of the well.
A stripper packer has a hydraulic piston
that squeezes the packer element around
the coiled tubing. The injector pushes the
coiled tubing down through the stripper
packer, and then the coiled tubing tools are
installed on the end of the coiled tubing.
The injector and stripper are then installed
on the wellhead either with a flange connection or a quick union connection.
The latest innovations for coiled tubing
stripper packers have been in high pressure applications. New designs have
decreased the overall height and made
them easier to use.
Operation
Hydraulic pressure is required to operate
stripper packers. There is no manual
backup or locking device to use if hydraulic
pressure is lost. These tools must be
operated with a 4-way control valve. Packoff and retract functions are required to
operate safely.
Packing-off the Packer

1. Make sure the tubing is through the
packer. Applying pack-off pressure without tubing in the
packer will cause severe damage.
2. Apply hydraulic pressure to the
pack-off port. The force will energize the packer and squeeze it
around the coiled tubing.
Retracting the Packer

Apply hydraulic pressure to the retract
port. The force will allow the packer to
relax and retract.
17
Changing the Packer Element

with Coiled Tubing in the Well
If the packer element begins to leak during
a job, you can change it out with the coiled
tubing still in the well.
1. Close the BOP pipe rams.
2. Bleed off the pressure above the
BOP.
3. Change out the packer element.
How you remove the packer element depends on the model. For
earlier designs, you remove the
element from the top of the stripper
packer. In newer designs, changing out the packers is easier, and it
can be done in less than 15 minutes.
Stripper Packer Elements

Polyurethane packers are the
standard. These have excellent
chemical and wear characteristics
with a temperature range of -50F
to 200F.
Viton and Nitrile Rubber
Compounds are used primarily if
the surface well temperature
exceeds 180F. Temperature
range is 0F to 400F. These
packers do not have the same
wear characteristics as
polyurethane.
Steam service packers are
available for 500F steam service
or geothermal applications.
Top Loading Stripper Packer

The top loading slip is the original design
used for coiled tubing operations. It was
the first stripper packer designed strictly for
coiled tubing. The stripper packer consists
of a packer element contained between
two bushings. A double acting piston
squeezes the bushings together and
forces the packer to squeeze around the
coiled tubing.
The upper section of the stripper packer is
called the split cap. This is composed of a
split housing containing the upper wear
bushings. The split cap is held in place
with retainer pins or it is threaded into the
body. The split cap is designed such that
the packer can be changed while tubing is
in the well.

Stripper Packers
The conventional stripper packer will

accept either a single packer or the split
insert with energizer. To prevent extrusion
at the higher pressure, it has a hard teflon
non-extrusion ring plus bronze bushing
retainers that overlap the seam in the split
cap. The hydraulic pack-off cylinder is
long stroke and double acting to enable
the operator to use hydraulic power to
change packers.
Conventional Stripper Packer
Stripper Packer
The side door model has a unique design
that allows the packer elements to be
replaced through a door below the injector
mount flange. Changing packers with this
design is always easier, but it is particularly
advantageous when changing packers
with tubing in the well. Swing the two doors
open and pump up the piston to expose
the packers with enough room to quickly
change the packers or the bushings.
To accommodate all of the various packer

combinations, your hydraulic hand pump
should have a 5,000psi working pressure.
You can operate the stripper packer with
either a pump with a 4-way valve and 2
hoses, or a single pump with one hose. If
you use a single hose, be sure that the
quick connectors do not have check
valves, as they will prevent you from
operating the stripper packer normally.
The side door stripper packer is available

in 2.50, 3.06, and 4.06 bore sizes with
working pressure to 15,000psi accommodating up to 2.875 coiled tubing.
To change the packer inserts while the tubing is in the well

1. Make the last movement downward, with hydraulic pressure on
the upper side of the piston. This
will help you remove all loading on
the retainer pins.
2. Remove the pin clips and retainer
pins.
3. Apply hydraulic pressure to the
lower side of the piston (same as
pack-off). The force will push the
split cap and non-extrusion rings,
and approximately one-half of the
energizer and packer inserts up
out of the housing for easy changing.
TOT Side Door Stripper Packer
The TOT Stripper Packer features:

The packing elements and
bushings can be replaced through
the open door below the injector.
Changing packers is easy through
the side door even with tubing in
the well.
New designs contain independent
packer piston and retract piston.
Well pressure assist.
Working pressures up to 15,000psi.
An increased open door length to
simplify the installation of hang-off
slips, without the need for a
separate window.
A threaded bottom connection
allows convenient replacement in
the event one is damaged or to
change connections.
Removal of the packers and
bushings leaves a full through bore
for passage of larger tools.
Apply hydraulic pressure to the upper side

of the piston through the port on the edge
of the flange. The force will move the piston down, making it easy to reassemble
the packer, non-extrusion ring, split cap
and pins.
18

Stripper Packers
Sidewinder Stripper Packer

The Sidewinder stripper packer is
designed to pack-off on a full range of
coiled tubing sizes as it is stripped in and
out of the well. This design incorporates
the unique feature of the ability to fully
retract the packer elements and wear
bushings from the vertical well bore.
Features include:
The packers actuated with two
opposing rams, allowing the overall
height to be reduced substantially.
Full through bore availability.
Manual retract bushings or
hydraulic retract bushings.
Retracting the actuator out of the
body exposes the packers and
enables easy access to change the
packers.
The Sidewinder Stripper Packer is available in 3.06, 4.06, 5.12, 6.375 and 7.06
bore sizes with working pressures up to
15,000psi.
Sidewinder Stripper Packer

with Injector Connector
ing to raise the height of the stripper

packer. For earlier stripper packers that
have a split cap with retainer pins, install a
new split cap that increases the length and
uses a longer bushing.
Inhibitor Injection
Two common causes of packer wear are
dry, rusty pipe, and dry gas. Putting dry,
rusty pipe in the well will cause excessive
damage to the packer. The damage may
be so severe that you will have to change
the packer before the job is complete.
Spraying the coiled tubing before it is
stripped through the stripper packer will
reduce the wear on the packer and
increase the life. One method of lubricating the coiled tubing is to spray lubricants
on the coiled tubing as it comes off the
reel. However, some locations may prohibit this method for environmental reasons. Another method involves making
the upper section of the stripper packer
into an injection inhibitor. While this
method requires special bushings and
hoses, it is an environmentally acceptable
method for spaying the pipe.
A stripper packer with an inhibitor injection
device sprays a uniform film on the coiled
tubing before it goes through the stripper
packer. An injection inhibitor can be incorporated in the stripper packer, or a special
adapter flange can be made to mount
below the stripper packer. Because the
port must be located below the packer, it
requires a high pressure pump to pump
the inhibitor in against well pressure.
Anti-Buckling Device
Test Pressure
Coiled tubing can buckle between the

chains and the top of the stripper packer
when you use high snubbing loads. This
buckling of the coiled tubing at the surface
can be avoided by minimizing the length of
unsupported coiled tubing between the
stripper packer and the chains. The
unsupported length should be held to a
maximum length of four inches.
The test pressure should be limited to the

lowest pressure determined by the following constraints:
There are two ways to reduce the distance

between the stripper packer and the
chains.
Test Procedure
1. Modify the stripper packer mount to

raise it up.
2. Increase the length of the top of the
stripper packer.
Increasing the length of the stripper packer
is easy with an anti-buckling device. You
mount the anti-buckling device to the top of
the stripper packer. It uses an extra bush19
The rated working pressure of the

stripper packer.
The lowest rated working pressure
of any component in the stack.
The rated collapse pressure of the
coiled tubing.
Test the stripper packer before starting

each job.
1. Test all of the hydraulic functions.
Make sure the stripper packer
opens and operates in a smooth
manner.
2. Install a test rod or coiled tubing in
the stripper.
3. Pack-off around the coiled tubing.
4. Apply the necessary test pressure.

Stripper Packers
Specifications
TOT 2.50" 10M DS74 Side Door Stripper Packer

75F to 500F Steam
Connections
Lower End
Quick union, flange or Hydraconn connection
Coiled Tubing Range
1.00 to 1.75
5,000 psi Maximum - depends on coiled

tubing
Hydraulic Volumes
Pack-Off
213 cubic inches
Retract
64 cubic inches

1.00 Coiled Tubing
2.5:1
1.25 Coiled Tubing
2.7:1
1.50 Coiled Tubing
2.8:1
1.75 Coiled Tubing
3.1:1
Dimensions
36.34 tall x 11.40 OD
Weight
250 lbs
20

Stripper Packers
TOT 2.50" 10M DT74 Tandem Side Door Stripper Packer


75F to 500F Steam
Connections
Upper End
Quick union or Flange
Lower End
Quick union or Flange
Coiled Tubing Range
1.00 to 2.00
Hydraulic Operating Pressure

tubing size
Hydraulic Volumes
Pack-Off
387 cubic inches
Retract
72 cubic inches

1.00 Coiled Tubing
2.45:1
1.25 Coiled Tubing
2.54:1
1.50 Coiled Tubing
2.67:1
1.75 Coiled Tubing
2.84:1
Dimensions
45.3 tall x 13.25 OD
Weight
300 lbs
21

Stripper Packers
TOT 3.06" 10M DST4 Sidewinder Stripper Packer


75F to 500F Steam
Connections
Upper End
Lower End
Coiled Tubing Range
1.25 to 2.375

tubing size
Hydraulic Connections
1/4 NPT
Hydraulic Volumes
Pack-Off
60 cubic inches
Retract
53 cubic inches
Dimensions
25.13 tall x 46.87 wide x 20.65 deep
Weight
2,900 lbs
22

Stripper Packers
TOT 3.06" 10M DSH4 Side Door Stripper Packer


75F to 500F Steam
Connections
Lower End
Coiled Tubing Range
1.25 to 2.375

tubing size
Hydraulic Volumes
Pack-Off
16.5 cubic inches
Retract
21.5 cubic inches
Close Window
116 cubic inches
Open Windows
36 cubic inches
Dimensions
43.38 tall x 11.40 OD
Weight
340 lbs
23

Stripper Packers
TOT 3.06" 10M DTH4 Tandem Side Door Stripper Packer


75F to 500F Steam
Connections
Lower End
Coiled Tubing Range
1.25 to 2.375

tubing size
Hydraulic Volumes
Pack-Off
16.5 cubic inches
Retract
21.5 cubic inches
Close Window
225 cubic inches
Open Windows
45 cubic inches
Dimensions
48.8 tall x 11.40 OD
Weight
450 lbs
24

Quick Latches
Quick Latches
Rigging up pressure control equipment is a
time consuming task. Working with the
cranes and slings to lift the equipment and
install it on the well can be dangerous.
The quick latch is a pressure control tool
that makes the rigging process quicker and
safer. It is operated with a hydraulic
source.
A quick latch is like a very big air or
hydraulic quick connect. It saves time
because the operator does not have to
stab a flange connection or a quick union
with a crane. It is safer because a person
does not have to stand to align the flange
or quick union. Instead, the crane operator
guides the mating pieces of the quick latch
together.
The quick latch is normally the last connection made during the coiled tubing rig
up.
the fluid to drain back into the handpump.

The tool has a spring return that will provide enough force to close and lock the
locking dogs into position.
Two models are in the field at this time:
The most popular has a lock/
indicator that prevents the tool from
being opened until you move the
lock out of the way.
The second model has a well
pressure lock that operates with
200psi. Well pressure of 200psi
will force a lock into a position that
will prevent the tool from being
opened. Well pressure must be
released for this one to open.
Hydraulic working pressure
3,000psi maximum.
1. Install the BOP and flow lines on

the well head and mount the stripper to the injector.
2. Stab the coiled tubing into the stripper packer and make up the tools.
3. Pick up the injector, and use the
quick latch to stab it onto the BOP
stack. Note that you do not have to
make up a flange or union.
Hydraconns
Quick Latch located between the BOP
and the Stripper Packer.
The Hydraconn is designed to facilitate a
secure connection between the coiled tubing BOP and stripper packer while providing an elevated level of personal safety by
minimizing the need for operator assistance during rig-up of the pressure control
stack. The Hydraconn is constructed to
provide a safe and reliable connection in a
compact and rugged design. The Hydraconn incorporates a tapered seal bore that
facilitates stabbing the connection. A
safety latch with a manual override and an
indicator are included to prevent an unintentional release while operating with well
pressure in the stack.
Operation
Hydraulic pressure is required to open or
unlatch the tool. To close or latch the tool,
release the hydraulic pressure and allow
25
TOT Hydraconn
Injector Connectors
Quick Latch between the Stripper
Packer and the Injector Head
The injector connector is used as a tool to
connect the pressure control equipment to
the injector head. It is mounted above the
stripper packer and is therefore a nonpressure containing device.
Operation
Hydraulic pressure is required to open or
unlatch this tool. To close or latch the tool,
release the hydraulic pressure and let the
fluid flow back into the handpump.

Quick Latches
which is capable of sealing against the

15,000psi working pressure or the
22,500psi test pressure. The multiple
redundancy is to accommodate the heavy,
sometimes brutal latching experienced
when handling the large lift/frame on a
semi-submersible vessel in heavy seas.
Hydraulic working pressure is 3,000psi

maximum.
JIC Connector
Hydraulic Releasing Connector

The JHS hydraulic releasing connector is
designed to facilitate the connection of the
BOP and/or lift frame to the wellhead or
drill pipe, making this procedure quick with
increased operator safety.
The JHS connector is comprised of two
mating sections. The skirt section is
installed in the lower spreader bar of the lift
frame or the BOP, and the stinger section
is connected to the wellhead or drill pipe.
These two sections are latched together by
a collet mechanism as part of the stinger
section. The collet mechanism is attached
to the stinger section and retracted by an
integral hydraulic cylinder during the latching and unlatching sequence.
Hydraulic Releasing Connector
When latching, the collet is retracted and

the skirt is lowered over the stinger. The
weight of the skirt and spreader bar will
collapse the collet fingers until the lugs of
the collet spring into position in the recess
machined into the skirt section. This
allows the stinger to fully engage the skirt.
The release of hydraulic pressure will then
allow the spring to return the collet to the
extended and locked position.
The connector can be unlatched by
hydraulically retracting the cylinder and
collet, allowing the skirt to be removed
from the center section. In the event of a
hydraulic failure, a manual override mechanism is attached to retract the collet by
using the three tension bolts that are provided on the manual override.
The seal between the stinger and skirt is
formed by three independent seals each of
26

Unions & Flanges
Unions & Flanges

Unions are a quick and easy method to
attach pressure control equipment. Also
known as quick unions, the unions have an
elastomer seal for the well bore pressure.
The seal is either on the box or pin connection depending on the type of union.
The quick union is comprised of four components, which consist of the box end, pin
end, union nut, and seal. The pin end is
stabbed into the box end and the union nut
holds everything in place. Quick unions
offer a quick method of assembling pressure control equipment as opposed to bolting up flanges.
There are several types of quick unions on

the market being used for pressure control
equipment. The three most common are
Bowen type, Otis type and TOT type
unions. The following pages have drawings of the unions along with sizes and
pressure ratings. This is a quick reference
chart that should help to identify what type
of union you may have.
The unions do not interchange with each
other so make sure when ordering parts
you know what type of union you need.
CB Unions
Bowen Interchange
Name
Description
Service
Pressure
Rating
2.00
CB11
4.06dia/4 Acme 3.00 Seal Bore
Standard
5,000 psi
2.00
CB12
H2S
5,000 psi
2.00
CB13
Standard
10,000 psi
5,000 psi
Size
2.56
CB21
Standard
2.56
CB22
H2S
5,000 psi
2.50
CB23
Standard
10,000 psi
2.56
CB24
H2S
10,000 psi
2.56
CB26
H2S
15,000 psi
3.06
CB31
5.50dia/4 Double Acme 4.37 Seal Bore
Standard
5,000 psi
3.06
CB32
H2S
5,000 psi
3.06
CB33
Standard
10,000 psi
3.06
CB34
H2S
10,000 psi
3.06
CB36
7.00dia/5 Stub Acme 4.87 Seal Bore
H2S
15,000 psi
4.00
CB41
Standard
5,000 psi
4.00
CB42
6.00dia/4 Double Lead 4.87 Seal Bore
H2S
5,000 psi
4.00
CB44
H2S
10,000 psi
5.00
CB51
Standard
5,000 psi
5.00
CB52
H2S
5,000 psi
5.00
CB53
Standard
10,000 psi
10,000 psi
5.00
CB54
H2S
6.00
CB61
Standard
5,000 psi
6.00
CB62
H2S
5,000 psi
27

Unions & Flanges
CH, CQ Unions
TOT Unions
Size
Name
Description
Service
Pressure
Rating
1.50
CH04
H2S
10,000 psi
2.56
CH23
Standard
10,000 psi
2.56
CH24
H2S
10,000 psi
5.00
CH25
Standard
15,000 psi
2.56
CH26
H2S
15,000 psi
2.56
CH28
H2S
20,000 psi
3.06
CH31
Standard
5,000 psi
3.05
CH33
Standard
10,000 psi
3.06
CH34
H2S
10,000 psi
3.06
CH35
Standard
15,000 psi
3.06
CH36
H2S
15,000 psi
4.00
CH42
7.00dia/2 Stub 5.25 Seal Bore
H2S
5,000 psi
5.00
CH51
7.50dia/2 Stub 6.187 Seal Bore
Standard
5,000 psi
5.00
CH54
H2S
10,000 psi
6.00
CH61
Standard
5,000 psi
2.56
CQ24
H2S
10,000 psi
4.06
CQ44
H2S
10,000 psi
28

Unions & Flanges
CO Unions
Otis Interchange
Description
Service
Pressure
Rating
CO16
H2S
15,000psi
CO21
Std.
5,000psi
5,000psi
Size
Name
2.62
2.56
2.56
CO22
H2S
2.56
CO23
Std.
10,000spi
2.56
CO24
H2S
10,000spi
2.50
CO25
Std.
15,000psi
2.62
CO26
H2S
15,000psi
2.56
CO28
H2S
20,000spi
3.00
CO31
Std.
5,000psi
3.00
CO32
H2S
5,000psi
3.00
CO34
H2S
10,000spi
3.00
CO36
H2S
15,000psi
4.00
CO41
Std.
5,000psi
4.00
CO42
8.37/dia/4 Acme 5.25 Seal Bore
H2S
5,000psi
4.00
CO43
Std.
10,000spi
4.00
CO44
H2S
4.00
CO46
5.00
CO51
H2S
Std.
10,000spi
15,000psi
5,000spi
5.00
CO52
H2S
5,000psi
5.00
CO53
Std.
10,000psi
5.00
CO54
H2S
10,000spi
15,000psi
5.00
CO56
H2S
6.375
CO61
Std.
5,000psi
6.375
CO62
H2S
5,000psi
6.3750
CO64
H2S
10,000spi
9.00
CO92
H2S
5,000psi
29

Unions & Flanges
30

Unions & Flanges
5,000psi Working Pressure Flange Dimensions

Nominal Size
Ring Groove Designation
A Ring Groove Width
B Ring Groove Pitch Dia.
C Ring Groove Depth
D Flange OD
E Bolt Hole Size
F Bolt Circle Dia.
Bolt Diameter
Number of Bolts
G Flange Raised Face Dia.
H Bore Diameter
J Thickness of Flange
K Chamfer Depth
L Radius of Hub
M Diameter of Hub
2.06
2.56
3.125
4.06
5.125
7.06
R-24
.469
3.750
.313
8.500
1.00
6.500
.875
8
4.875
2.063
1.813
.125
.125
4.125
R-27
.469
4.250
.313
9.625
1.125
7.500
1.000
8
5.375
2.563
1.938
.125
.125
4.875
R-35
.469
5.375
.313
10.500
1.250
8.000
1.125
8
6.625
3.125
2.188
.125
.125
5.250
R-39
.469
6.375
.313
12.250
1.375
9.500
1.250
8
7.625
4.063
2.438
.125
.125
6.375
R-44
.469
7.625
.313
14.750
1.625
11.500
1.500
12
9.000
5.125
3.188
.125
.125
7.750
R-46
.531
8.313
.375
15.500
1.500
12.500
1.375
12
9.750
7.063
3.625
.250
.125
9.000

Nominal Size
A Ring Groove Width
B Ring Groove OD
C Ring Groove Depth
D Flange OD
E Bolt Hole Size
F Bolt Circle Diameter
Bolt Diameter
Number of Bolts
G Flange Raised Face Dia.
H Bore Diameter
K Chamfer Depth
L Radius of Hub
M Diameter of Hub
2.06
2.56
3.06
4.06
5.12
7.06
BX-152
.498
3.395
.234
7.875
.875
6.250
.750
8
4.375
2.063
1.734
.125
.375
3.938
BX-153
.554
4.046
.265
9.125
1.000
7.250
.875
8
5.188
2.563
2.015
.125
.375
4.750
BX-154
.606
4.685
.296
10.625
1.125
8.500
1.000
8
6.000
3.063
2.296
.125
.375
5.594
BX-155
.698
5.930
.328
12.438
1.250
10.188
1.125
8
7.281
4.063
2.765
.125
.375
7.188
BX-169
.666
6.955
.375
14.062
1.250
11.813
1.125
12
8.688
5.125
3.125
.125
.375
8.813
BX-156
.921
9.521
.438
18.875
1.625
15.875
1.500
12
11.875
7.063
4.062
.250
.625
11.875

Nominal Size
A Ring Groove Width
B Ring Groove OD
C Ring Groove Depth
D Flange OD
E Bolt Hole Size
F Bolt Circle Diameter
Bolt Diameter
Number of Bolts
G Flange Raised Face Diameter
H Bore Diameter
K Chamfer Depth
L Radius of Hub
M Diameter of Hub
2.06
2.56
3.06
4.06
7.06
BX-152
.498
3.395
.234
8.750
1.000
6.875
.875
8
4.500
2.063
2.000
.125
.375
3.938
BX-153
.554
4.046
.265
10.000
1.125
7.875
1.000
8
5.250
2.563
2.250
.125
.375
4.750
BX-154
.606
4.685
.296
11.313
1.250
9.062
1.125
8
6.063
3.063
2.531
.125
.375
5.594
BX-155
.698
5.930
.328
14.188
1.500
11.438
1.375
8
7.625
4.063
3.094
.125
.375
7.188
BX-156
.921
9.521
.438
19.875
1.625
16.875
1.500
12
12.000
7.063
4.688
.250
.625
11.875
31

Maintenance & Field Inspection

Suggested Maintenance Schedule
Critical areas that must be examined
include the bonnet o-ring face, the bonnet
seal areas, and the ram bores. These
areas are usually the areas that corrosion
will start.
After every job remove the rams and

inspect all ram rubber seals. Clean the
BOP body, bonnet and rams. Remove all
trace of well fluids.
Once a month, remove all rams, actuators,
equalizing valves, and flanges. Thoroughly
clean all of the items. Grease and assemble to proper technical manual.
The following is an individual part detail of

what to look out for during inspections.
BOP Body: Visually inspect the ring

grooves looking for pitting on the angles of
the grooves. If the pitting breaks the surface and into the groove it is too much.
Ring grooves can be machined to remove
the corrosion.
Once a year, disassemble completely and

replace all of the seals.
After two years, strip down and perform
NDE on parts exposed to well fluids,
replace any worn parts.
Inspect the ram bores. On a quad the

upper half of the ram bore is the sealing
area of the rams. If corrosion has allowed
the pitting to get deeper than .010" this is
too much.
Every four years in service, strip down perform NDE on all critical items. Replace
any worn parts.
Two Year NDE requirements:
Inspect the equalizing valve ports. There

are two 3/16 drilled holes in each equalizing valve that must be free of debris. If
these holes are stopped up they must be
cleaned out. You can use a small 1/8" - 3/
16" steel rod with a point on the end to
help clean out the holes. Caution: Using a
power hand held drill or other power tool is
not recommended. The drill bit may break
off in the equalizing port. Inspect the
equalizing valve seal bore, look for corrosion or scratches on the seal surface.
All parts exposed to the well fluids will

have to be inspected by NDE methods.
The preferred NDE test would be a wet
magnetic particle testing. Not all parts can
be tested in this method. If the parts can
not be inspected with MPI then a dye penetrant test will have to be conducted.
Four Year NDE requirements:

All parts exposed to the well fluids, loaded
by well pressure or pressure containing will
have to be inspected by NDE methods.
The preferred NDE test would be a wet
magnetic particle testing. Not all parts can
be tested in this method. If the parts can
not be inspected with MPI then a dye penetrant test will have to be conducted.
Check the area of the body where the bonnet o-rings seal. On most BOP's this is
within a half inch of the ram bore. Pitting in
this area is unacceptable.
Examine the studs; make sure there are
no damaged threads. If the threads are
damaged, you can used a small thread file
(triangular in shape) to remove any sharp
edges or burrs.
Field Inspections
TOT Coiled Tubing BOP's
The last item to check is the well monitoring port. This must be free of debris like
the equalizing valve.
Begin by disassembling the BOP. Refer to

the proper technical manual for the
detailed instructions for disassembly.
Clean all of the parts either with a steam
washer, solvents, or other means. All of
the dirt, rust, and scale must be removed.
Perform surface NDE on this part every

two years.
Bonnet: Visually inspect the o-ring

groove. Look for damaged areas including
pitting. Visually inspect the well bore piston rod seal area. If there is corrosion that
has caused pitting .010" deep, the bonnet
must be replaced.
Corrosion is the main cause for a BOP to

leak. How much corrosion is too much?
Any corrosion that causes pitting in the
base material is too much. The pitting will
directly effect the sealing capabilities of the
rear seal, o-ring, and polypak seals.
32

Inspect the weep hole and the hydraulic

seal bore area. Inspect the threads,
remove any nicks or burrs with a small
thread file. If the bonnet has hydraulic
porting, inspect all of the ports. The leading 15 degree bevel on the hydraulic ports
is a seal area; this must have a good seal
surface. Check the seal area where the
hydraulic ports go through the BOP body.
Screwdriver pry marks are common on the
o-ring groove for this seal.
two years.
Rams: Most rams are stainless and

should not have any corrosion. Inspect the
guides on the pipe rams they should not
have any sharp edges. Inspect the rear
seal groove, there should not be any corrosion in this area. Any pitting on the OD or
seal area and the ram should be replaced.
two years.
Slip Inserts: Slip inserts are one part of

the BOP that will wear out. The teeth
should be sharp. If the crest of the tooth
has a flat area of .02" that is too much. Of
course, some areas of the slip insert may
have teeth that are dull. If 25% of the teeth
have flat areas then the slip must be
replaced. The outer edges of the slip
inserts will normally wear first.
Shear Blades: Shear blades are
designed to shear the coiled tubing. If the
blades have pitting on any area the blades
must be replaced. If the cutting edge of
the blades are chipped or cracked they
must be replaced. TOT shear blades will
cut several times without damage. These
tests have been done on new blades not
exposed to well fluids. Well fluids will
attack the shear blade and can cause
damage to the blades.
Piston Rods: Inspect the area exposed
to well fluids look for tiny pits in the stainless, this is a sign the well fluids are attacking the metal and the parts should be
replaced. Inspect the ram guides. If the
ram guides are damaged replace the
entire piston rod. The ram guide and piston rod are normally sold as a set. Normally you will have to polish the smooth
sealing area of the piston rod, use a fine
emery cloth and polish lightly.
Inspect the woodruff (half moon) key slot in
the piston rod. Remove any sharp edges
that might damage the seal when the rod is
installed in the bonnet. Remove any burrs
from the woodruff key with a file.
33

two years.
Cylinder: Inspect the threads, remove

any nicks or burrs with emery cloth, or a
polishing wheel. Inspect the seal bore.
There should not be any scratches in the
bore, polish any nicks or scratches with a
fine emery cloth.
Perform a surface NDE on this part every
four years
Non-Rising Stem: The end of the nonrising stem that sticks out the back of the
hydraulic cap is susceptible to environmental corrosion. Water that collects in
this area tends to start corrosion. A generous amount of grease kept on this end
will minimize the corrosion rate. Replace
the stem if corrosion has started. A leak
on this stem can prevent the rams from
closing properly. Examine the threads of
the sleeve nut and make sure the sleeve
nut moves freely the entire length of the
threads. The thread is a left hand thread.
four years.
Sleeve Nut: Rarely will this part get damaged. Make sure the sleeve nut threads
easily on and off of the Non-rising stem.
The slots on either side of the sleeve nut
that the hex keys slide into can get damaged, use a small file and remove any
nicks or burrs from the slot.
four years.
Hydraulic Cap: Visually inspect the
threads and the O-ring groove behind the

threads. Inspect the small ID of the
hydraulic cap. This is where corrosion of
the non-rising stem may also cause damage to the hydraulic cap. Inspect the indicator rod seal and seal retainer. Make
sure you replace the indicator rod seal.
When tightening the hydraulic cap on the
cylinder do not let the wrench grip the cap
in the area of the indicator rod. The
wrench may damage the indicator rod or
the hole for the indicator rod.
four years.
Closing Tube Assembly: The closing
tube is stainless steel, which is resistant to

rust. Paint on the closing tube can make it
difficult to take apart. It would be easier if
all of the paint was removed from the closing tube. There is very little that can go

wrong with these parts unless the threads

or seal areas are damaged. Visually
inspect them for damage.
to begin with. These are not covered in

this procedure.
Indicator Rod: The indicator rod may
upper end of the stripper packer are guide

bushings and the main function is to guide
the coiled tubing and prevent it from buckling between the chains and the packer.
The top one will normally wear out faster
than the others. It is important that you
check the wear on these frequently.
Bushing Stack: The bushings at the
bend, check to make sure the rods are

straight and there are no nicks or
scratches on the OD.
Front and Rear Seals: These seals

should be inspected after each job. If any
noticeable loss of rubber is observed, the
seals should be replaced. If the bond
between the rubber and the metal plates
begins to separate, the seals should be
replaced.
Well bore seal grooves: The items that

house the well bore seals are critical.
Damaged seals and corrosion are the
most common cause for this item to leak.
TOT Stripper packers
The remaining sections are specific details

for certain models of stripper packers.
Begin by disassembling the Stripper

Packer. Refer to the proper technical
manual for the detailed instructions for disassembly. Clean all of the parts either with
a steam washer, solvents, or other means.
All of the dirt, rust, and scale must be
removed.
DS34 Stripper Packers

Split Caps: If the split cap is threaded on,
inspect the threads carefully and make
sure it threads all the way down into the
housing. Corrosion is the most common
reason to replace this item.
Worn out packers and bushings are the

main reason a stripper will leak. Examination of the packers and bushing after each
job is critical. The packer should be
replaced after every job. Corrosion is
another cause for the Stripper Packer to
leak. How much corrosion is too much?
Any corrosion that causes pitting in the
base material is too much. The pitting will
directly effect the sealing capabilities of the
well bore seal, o-rings, and polypak seals.
Perform NDE on this part every two years.

If the split cap has pins that retain it in
place make sure the pins are in good condition and the clips are used properly.
Both of these items are stainless and corrosion is normally not a problem.
Perform NDE on the split cap and retainer
pins every two years.
Lower connection: This part has the
Critical areas that must be examined

include the well bore seal groove and sealing area. The upper bushing stack and
bushing sleeve are susceptible to corrosion. The bushings themselves will not
corrode but the fluids get trapped between
the bushings and the housing and tend to
act as a catalyst for corrosion.
seal grooves for the well bore and hydraulic seals. Make sure these areas are not
damaged by the corrosion. If there is corrosion, the seals will not last as long and
the tool will begin to leak. Weep holes are
located between the well bore seals and
the hydraulic seals so there will always be
an indication of when the seals are leaking. Inspect the well bore port.
The following is an individual part detail of

what to look for during inspections.

two years.
Bushings: The critical bushings are

those just above and just below the
packer. They prevent the packer from
extruding. If these bushings are allowed to
wear too much it will create a leak path for
the packer. Replace the bushings if they
become worn. Worn is defined as wear
that can be measured with a caliper to be
.10" larger than the coiled tubing size (i.e
for 1.25 coiled tubing 1.350 would be classified as worn). Note: There are special
bushings available that are .050" oversized
Upper Housing: The upper housing has
the hydraulic porting which should be

checked frequently. The upper housing
retains the packer and it should be
inspected for corrosion in the packer area.
two years.
Cylinder Rings: The upper and/or lower
cylinder ring may have some wear marks

due to pressure. These are normal, corro-
34

sion are not usually a problem with these

but they can get damaged when removing
them from the upper housing. Replace the
cylinder ring if the seal areas are damaged.
Piston: After years of use the lower end

of the piston may become pitted. Replace
if the pitting is too excessive. The piston is
stainless and does resist most standard
corrosion problems. Replace if the seal
areas are damaged. All OD surfaces of
this part are sealing areas be careful when
handling this item.
two years.
Sidewinder: The critical areas of the
sidewinder are the packers, energizers,

and bushings. Replace the bushings if
they become worn.
Inspect the manual bushing caps, the
union nut that retains them and the manual
stem. Corrosion may be a problem. There
is a grease port that should be greased
regularly. The grease port is located on
the manual cap. Inspect the threads on
the union nut and on the retainer that is
bolted to the body.
Perform a surface NDE on these parts
every two years.
Stripper Body: Treat this part as you
would a BOP body. Inspect the seal areas

frequently. The bonnet seals are in a
counter bore of the main ram bore. Make
sure this area is free of corrosion. The oring on the manual caps seal inside the
body; inspect this area for corrosion.
two years.
Bonnet: The bonnet on the Sidewinder is

similar in design to the bonnet on the BOP.
There are well bore seals, hydraulic seals
and a weep hole. All of these must be
checked. Inspect the well bore seal and
seal surface. Inspect the threads for the
cylinder. Remove any nicks or burrs from
the threads.
Perform a surface NDE on these parts
every two years.
Cylinder: Inspect the cylinder threads,

piston bore and hydraulic ports.
four years.
35
All other parts: Visually inspect for any

damage. If the parts are damaged, they
should be replaced.
Perform a surface NDE on critical parts
every four years.
Side Door
Packer & Non-Extrusion Rings: The
packers for these units are our blue and

red interlock design. The red is always the
section on the top. Above the packer and
in some cases below the packer, depending on the model, is the non-extrusion ring.
The non-extrusion rings are designed to
take as much of the wear as possible.
Pressure will extrude the edges of the nonextrusion rings into the gaps around the
bushings. Replace when they become
worn or damaged.
Stripper Body: This is the main body of
the Stripper Packer. It consists of the two

large plates and the four posts that hold
them together. Perform a visual check on
the threads and the hydraulic ports.
two years.
Seal Sub: The seal sub is the item that

retains the well bore seals. Inspect the
seal grooves for corrosion, nicks, or burrs.
Carefully examine this item for corrosion.
If the seal sub has threads inspect the
threads for damage.
two years.
Piston: The piston or window is the item

that comes down and covers the well bore
seals and pumps open to provide access
to the packers. Visually inspect this item
for damage; look for nicks on the OD and
the ID. Both areas are seal surfaces.
Inspect the retainer rings and split rings
that hold the window in the closed position.
two years.
Bushing Sleeve: The bushing sleeve

provides the housing for the bushing stack
and is the inner barrier for the piston. This
item is susceptible to corrosion; carefully
examine the ID for corrosion. Examine the
OD threads and the seal surface. Visually
inspect the OD for an adequate seal surface. The threads on the upper end will
thread directly into the cylinder. Inspect the
threads.


two years.
Cylinder: The cylinder is either an integral part of the body or a separate item.
In either model the cylinder has an ID sealing surface. Make sure if is free of corrosion, nicks, or burrs. Inspect the threads
and any hydraulic ports.
Perform surface NDE on this part after 5
years.
Lower Connection: The lower connection of the stripper packer may have either
a quick union, flange, or Hydraconn profile
down. It will thread into the lower flange of
the body. Inspect the threads on the union
nut and the section that threads into the
body. Inspect all sealing surfaces. The ID
will normally have some corrosion. As
long as the corrosion in the ID is minimized
to less than .050" it is OK.
two years.
All other parts: Visually inspect for any

damage. If the parts are damaged, they
should be replaced.
36
DOWNHOLE TOOLS
Standard Toolstring Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1
2
4
5
7
9
11
13
Manipulation Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Running/Pulling & Shifting Tools .................................................. 14
Wash Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Fishing Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Commonly Used CT Threads Recognition . . . . . . . . . 23
Motorhead Assembly....................................................................
Connectors ...................................................................................
Safety Valves ...............................................................................
Release Joints..............................................................................
Circulation and Control Valves .....................................................
Jars & Accelerators ......................................................................
Joints & Straight / Weight Bars.....................................................
Centralizers ..................................................................................
Downhole Tools
Standard Toolstring Components
Downhole Tools
Motorhead Assembly
Coiled Tubing Motor Head Assemblies have

been developed in recognition of industry
demands for compact, heavy duty, integrated
BHA components. The Motor Head Assembly
combines the Double Flapper Check Valve
with a Hydraulic Disconnect and a Dual Circulation Valve, standard components for virtually all toolstring designs. The tubing
connector has been deliberately eliminated to
give the added flexibility of operator choice for
the connector type and coil tubing size.
A Motor Head Assembly provides the operator with a compact, versatile, upper BHA and
offers the following features:
Double Flapper Check Valve

Coiled Tubing Motor Head Assemblies incorporate two Flapper Cartridge Assemblies.
Each Flapper Cartridge incorporates a primary, low pressure PTFE seal, backed up
with a secondary, high pressure metal-tometal seal. Flapper Cartridge Assemblies
simply drop-in to the Double Flapper Check
Valve housing, providing ease-of-assembly
redressing of the Motor Head Assembly.
Heavy Duty Hydraulic Disconnect

A Heavy Duty Hydraulic Disconnect allows
the toolstring to detach at a predetermined
point via the deployment of a suitable drop/
trip ball through the coiled tubing.
The drop ball locates on a piston sleeve creating sufficient back pressure to shear the
pins and disconnect the tool. The piston
sleeve pushes the tool apart to ensure a
clean disconnect. Circulation is immediately
returned to the toolstring, providing a surface
indication of a positive disconnect. All piston
sleeves and drop balls are returned to surface
leaving a standard GS internal fish neck for
retrieval purposes.
The Hydraulic Disconnect utilizes a heavy
duty, one piece, threaded collet slip to hold
the tool together. The collet slip endures
higher tensile loading than collet finger type
release mechanisms and is far less susceptible to fatigue. The collet slip is backed up with
a collet slip sleeve to give maximum tensile
strength to the disconnect during heavy jarring operations.
Only by dropping a ball and shearing the pins
can the collet sleeve shift, allowing the collet
and top sub to part. The piston sleeve is pressure balanced, therefore internal pressure
does not affect the hydraulic configuration
and shear values.
1
Downhole Tools
Connectors
High torque capabilities are achieved through

positive torque drive teeth between the top
sub and the main body of the tool. The
hydraulic disconnect is therefore ideally
suited for high torque, heavy duty coiled tubing drilling operations where maximum performance and durability is essential.
Dimple / Grub Screw Connector

The Coiled Tubing Grub Screw/
Dimple Connector allows the
attachment of coiled tubing to
the CT Tool / Work String via
the provision of a threaded
connection.
Shear screws can be supplied in either brass

or steel to give a comprehensive pressure
range to suit virtually any coiled tubing application. Shear screws are also integrally situated to eliminate the possibility of shear
screws vibrating free during CT drilling operations.
The connector is attached to

the coiled tubing by grub
screws that engage in preformed dimples in the tubing
wall.
The standard configuration consists of the

maximum flow through bore available, whilst
maintaining maximum tensile strength in the
tool. By interchanging the piston sleeve, the
drop/trip ball size can be varied to suit the
desired toolstring requirements. This is a particularly useful feature when the Hydraulic
Disconnect is situated below jars and accelerators, and ID restrictions are a considering
factor. Running the Heavy Duty Hydraulic Disconnect below jars and accelerators ensures
that if disconnection of the toolstring is necessary, a greater proportion of the toolstring is
safely returned to surface.
The dimples are formed by

using the Dimple Tool that
places the indents in identical
positions to the screws on the
connector.
The Grub Screw/ Dimple Connectors have o ring pressure
seals as standard and are also
available with v packings as
an option to create the pressure seal.
Dimple Hammer
A major inherent design consideration is that

of simple field redress. The hydraulic disconnect has been methodically designed to
ensure assembly & disassembly of the tool is
trouble free. No special assembly tools are
required and all seals are standard O rings.
The Dimple Hammer is used to

accurately produce the indentations in the coiled tubing wall,
required when using the Grub
Screw/Dimple type coiled tubing connectors.
Dual Circulation Valve
The dimples are produced by

screwing the round headed cap
screws into the tubing wall by
the same amount. The slide
hammer aids installation and
removal of the tool.
Motor Head Assemblies also incorporate

Coiled Tubing Dual Circulation Valves. The
Dual Circulation Valve offers the traditional
method of returning circulation of the toolstring through use of a drop ball. In addition,
the valve is capable of operating through
internal overpressure within the tubing string.
Conventional dual circulation valves use a
burst or rupture disc to facilitate the function
of returning circulation through overpressure.
However, the Dual Circulation Valve offers a
pressure differential activated piston. The piston activation pressure can be predetermined
at surface through shear pins, offering superior flexibility and considerable savings on
redress. As with the other components of the
Motor Head Assembly, the emphasis is on
simplicity and the Dual Circulation Valve has
very few component parts, seals and thread
connections.
Downhole Tools
External Slip Connector
Roll-On Connector Crimping Tool
Coiled Tubing External Slip

Connectors allow the attachment of coiled tubing to the CT
Tool Work String via the provision of a threaded connection.
Used in conjunction with the

Roll-On Connector, the Roll-On
Connector Crimping Tool
ensures easy field installation
of the Roll-On Connector to the
coiled tubing.
The design of the External Slip

Type Connector utilizes a set of
'wicker' type slips that grip the
tubing in a 'wedging' action,
thus, an increase in tension
results in increased grip. The
inclusion of the 'slip bowl'
assists in the 'make-up' by preventing rotation of the slips.
The Crimping Tool has two

interchangeable wheels, one of
which is used to swage the
coiled tubing onto the Roll-On
Connector. The other is a cutting wheel which can be used
to cut the coiled tubing.
Replacement roller/cutters are
available.
A special feature of this design

is that the upper wickers are
vertical and stop the connector
from rotating on the coiled tubing.
Internal Slip Connector

The Coiled Tubing Internal Slip
Connector allows the attachment of coiled tubing to the CT
Tool / Work String via the provision of a threaded connection.
External Slip Type Connectors

have o ring pressure seals as
standard and are also available
with v packings as an option to
create the pressure seal.
Internal Slip Connectors attach

to the coiled tubings internal
diameter. The connector is
secured with tapered slips.
Double Ended Internal Slip
Connector
Roll-On Connector
The Coiled Tubing Roll-On Connector allows the attachment of
Coiled Tubing to the CT Tool /
Work String via the provision of a
threaded connection.
Double Ended Coiled Tubing

Internal Slip Connectors allow
the inline attachment of two
lengths of coiled tubing.
Roll-On Connectors are available

to suit all standard sizes of coiled
tubing.
Double Ended Internal Slip

Connectors attach to the coiled
tubings internal diameter. The
connector is secured with
tapered slips.
Double Ended Roll-On Connector

Double Ended Coiled Tubing RollOn Connectors allow the inline
attachment of two lengths of coiled
tubing.
Double Ended Roll-On Connectors
have the same outside diameter
as the coiled tubing.
Double Ended Roll-On Connectors
attach to the coiled tubings internal diameter. The connector is
secured by crimping the tubing into
the connectors preformed channels with a Roll-On Connector
Crimping Tool.
Downhole Tools
Safety Valves
Twin Flapper Check Valve C/W Lock
Twin Flapper Check Valve
Out Sleeve
The Coiled Tubing Twin Flapper

Check Valve is a standard coiled
tubing string component. Its use
provides a means of preventing
the back flow of well fluids into
the coiled tubing in the event of
failure or damage to the coiled
tubing string or surface equipment.
The Coiled Tubing Twin Flapper Check Valve with Lock Out
Sleeve is a coiled tubing string
component that can be run in
the locked out position and
activated with a drop ball when
required to perform as a downhole safety barrier. It's use provides a means of preventing
the back flow of well fluids into
the coiled tubing in the event of
failure or damage to the coiled
tubing string or surface equipment.
The design of the Twin Flapper

Check Valve incorporates a dual
sealing system in each flapper
assembly for increased safety. A
teflon seal provides the primary
low pressure seal, while at
higher pressure the flapper
seals on a metal to metal
arrangement.

Check Valve incorporates a
dual sealing system in each
flapper assembly for increased
safety. A teflon seat provides
the primary low pressure seal,
while at higher pressure the
flapper seals on a metal to
metal arrangement.
Maximum flow area through the

Flapper Cartridges reduces
unnecessary back pressure on
the surface pumps.
The flow path through the Flapper Cartridges does not restrict
the passage of balls or darts if
required during operations such
as cementing.
It is ideally suited to CT velocity

string systems allowing activation by a drop ball prior to pulling the string from the well.
Ball Check Valve
Twin Flapper Check Valve with

Bypass
The Ball Check Valve is a standard coiled tubing string component. Its use in a toolstring
provides a means of preventing
the back flow of fluids into the
coiled tubing in the event of failure or damage to the surface
equipment.
The Twin Flapper Check Valve

with Bypass is a coiled tubing
string component which has
been designed to be used during logging cable bypass operations. Its use provides a means
of preventing the back flow of
well fluids into the coiled tubing
in the event of failure or damage to the coiled tubing string
or surface equipment.
Ball Check Valves are used

when devices such as balls and
darts do not need to pass
through the valve. In the event
of a ball or dart needing to be
dropped a Flapper Valve must
be used.

Check Valve incorporates a
dual sealing system in each
flapper assembly for increased
safety. A teflon seal provides
the primary low pressure seal,
while at higher pressure, the
flapper seals on a metal to
metal arrangement.
Downhole Tools
Back Pressure Valve
Release Joints
The Coiled Tubing Back Pressure Valve is a coiled tubing

string component that provides
a circulation path against a predetermined back pressure. It is
ideally suited to operations
when the hydrostatic pressure
within the coiled tubing needs
to be higher than the pressure
in the annulus areas.
Shear Release Joint (Torque Thru)
The design of the Coiled Tubing

Back Pressure Valve allows for
an on-site determination of
back pressure to be set at surface. This is achieved with the
use of different ball diameters
to increase/decrease the piston area and pressure required
to open the valve.
The dual ball valves can be

opened or closed at surface by
the use of an Allen wrench. By
sliding a locking plate to allow a
Wrench to be inserted into the
ball key, the locking slot can be
rotated into the horizontal or
vertical position. When both
balls have been turned into the
open position, pressure can be
bled off via the bleed screws
and balls.
The Coiled Tubing Dual Ball

Kelly Cock Valve is designed to
be used in conjunction with the
Combination Anti Rotation Self
Aligning Connector (CARSAC),
in order to safely deploy coiled
tubing downhole assemblies in
or out of the wellbore.
Coiled Tubing Back Pressure

Valves are not ideally suited for
cementing or abrasive fluids.
For calibrated fluid delivery
valves please see Coiled Tubing Cement Valves.
A locking feature is incorporated in the design to hold the

balls securely in the open position when run into the wellbore.
Dual Ball (Kelly Cock) Valve

The Coiled Tubing Dual Ball
Kelly Cock Valve is designed to
be used in conjunction with the
Combination Anti Rotation Self
Aligning Connector (CARSAC),
in order to safely deploy coiled
tubing downhole assemblies in
or out of the wellbore.
The dual ball valves can be
opened or closed at surface by
the use of an Allen wrench. By
sliding a locking plate to allow a
Wrench to be inserted into the
ball key, the locking slot can be
rotated into the horizontal or
vertical position. When both
balls have been turned into the
open position, pressure can be
bled off via the bleed screws
and balls.
A locking feature is incorporated in the design to hold the
balls securely in the open position when run into the wellbore.
Downhole Tools
Heavy Duty Hydraulic Disconnect

The Heavy Duty Hydraulic Disconnect allows the toolstring to
detach at a predetermined point via the deployment of a suitable
drop/trip ball through the coiled tubing.
The drop ball locates on a piston sleeve creating sufficient back
pressure to shear the pins and disconnect the tool. The piston
sleeve pushes the tool apart to ensure a clean disconnect. Circulation is immediately returned to the toolstring, providing a surface
indication of a positive disconnect. All piston sleeves and drop
balls are returned to surface leaving a standard GS internal fish
neck for retrieval purposes.
The Hydraulic Disconnect utilizes a heavy duty, one piece,
threaded collet slip to hold the tool together. The collet slip
endures higher tensile loading than collet finger type release
mechanisms and is far less susceptible to fatigue. The collet slip is
backed up with a collet slip sleeve to give maximum tensile
strength to the disconnect during heavy jarring operations. Only by
dropping a ball and shearing the pins can the collet sleeve shift,
allowing the collet and top sub to part. The piston sleeve is pressure balanced, therefore internal pressure does not affect the
hydraulic configuration and shear values.
High torque capabilities are achieved through positive torque drive
teeth between the top sub and the main body of the tool. The
hydraulic disconnect is therefore ideally suited for high torque,
heavy duty coiled tubing drilling operations where maximum performance and durability is essential.
Shear screws can be supplied in either brass or steel to give a
comprehensive pressure range to suit virtually any coiled tubing
application. Shear screws are also integrally situated to eliminate
the possibility of shear screws vibrating free during CT drilling
operations.
The standard configuration consists of the maximum flow through
bore available, whilst maintaining maximum tensile strength in the
tool. By interchanging the piston sleeve, the drop/trip ball size can
be varied to suit the desired toolstring requirements. This is a particularly useful feature when the Hydraulic Disconnect is situated
below jars and accelerators, and ID restrictions are a factor for
consideration. Running the Heavy Duty Hydraulic Disconnect
below jars and accelerators ensures that if disconnection of the
toolstring is necessary, a greater proportion of the toolstring is
safely returned to surface.
Downhole Tools
Shear Release Joint (Torque Thru)
Circulation and Control Valves
The Coiled Tubing Shear

Release Joint allows the parting
of the coiled tubing work string
by applied predetermined tension.
Ball Activated Circulation Valve

The Coiled Tubing Ball Activated Circulation Valve is
designed to allow circulation
above the coiled tubing work/
tool string.
The Shear Release Joint was

designed for and used primarily
in cement stinger operations as
a simple effective emergency
release.
The tool is activated by using a

drop ball and can be adjusted
on surface to shear out by varying the number and type of
shear pin used. Pressure
applied to the drop ball causes
the pins to shear and the sleeve
to move down allowing circulation via the side ports.
Shear Release Joints incorporate shear screws that can be

used in various combinations to
allow a wide range of predetermined shear settings.
The released part of the Shear
Release Joint can be retrieved
using a GS type Pulling Tool or
a Release Joint Retrieval Tool.
Release Joint Retrieval Tool

The Coiled Tubing Release

Joint Retrieval Tool is a coiled
tubing service tool designed to
retrieve a Release Joint that has
been previously activated.
The Coiled Tubing Dual

Circulation Valve offers
the traditional method of
returning circulation of the
toolstring through use of a
drop ball. In addition, the
valve is capable of operating through internal overpressure within the tubing
string.
The heavy duty lugs are

designed to engage the standard size fish neck inside the
released joint.
Shear pins facilitate release of
the tool from the fish neck if
required. The shear pin values
are preset at surface to suit
operational restrictions or maximum over-pull available.
Conventional dual circulation valves use a burst or

rupture disc to facilitate
the function of returning
circulation through overpressure. However, the
offers a pressure differential activated piston. The
piston activation pressure
can be predetermined at
surface through shear
pins, offering superior flexibility and considerable
savings on redress.
As with many other tools
in a standard BHA toolstring, the emphasis is on
simplicity and the Dual
Circulation Valve has very
few component parts,
seals and thread connections.
Downhole Tools
Burst Disc Circulation Sub
Sequencing Tool
The Coiled Tubing Burst Disc Circulation Sub is a standard coiled

tubing tool string component that is
used in conjunction with tools that
require drop balls etc., and that
need to be circulated into the
coiled tubing.
The Coiled Tubing Flow Activated Sequencing Tool is a

valve designed to actuate
downhole coiled tubing tools at
a predetermined pressure and
to operate as a controlled bleed
valve when bleeding down
internal coil pressure.
Burst Disc Circulation Subs are

incorporated into the coiled tubing
tool string just below the tool that
requires a drop ball.
The Flow Activated Sequencing

Tool is a normally open valve
which allows circulation through
the tool to the annulus, whilst
running into the well. Once a
pre-determined differential
pressure is exceeded, the flow
path to the annulus is closed
and diverted into the internal
bore of the toolstring, thereby
enabling hydraulic activation of
any tools in the lower and upper
end of the tool string.
Should circulation be lost due to a

down hole restriction, a predetermined pressure applied to the coil
will burst the disc in the sub and
re-establish circulation.
Cement Valve
The Coiled Tubing Cement Valve is a
special type of check valve designed
to support a column of fluid, until
such time as an increase in pressure
is applied to the column from above.
Once the increased pressure is seen
at the valve it will open and the column of fluid will be allowed to flow
through the valve. By reducing pressure to the column of fluid to its original level the valve will close and the
fluid will cease to flow.
When pulling a toolstring out of

the well, a Sequencing Tool can
be used to safely bleed off
internal coil pressure. When the
coil pressure is decreased to a
pre-determined pressure, the
Sequencing Tool opens and
allows bleed through its bypass
ports. Therefore during bleed
down the internal/external pressures are balanced, thus eliminating the possibility of
As pressure is applied to the column

of fluid, it sees the selected cross
sectional area and begins to compress the disc springs.
prematurely releasing flow activated manipulation tools in the

lubricator.
The disc springs are compressed

before the ball reaches the lift sub. At
this point, the fluid is being held by
the spring pressure, against the combination of pressure multiplied by
cross sectional area of the piston.
The closing differential pressure of the Sequencing Tool

can be field adjusted to
between 500 to 2000psi by simply placing an internal 'O' ring in
one of four positions.
If the pressure is now increased, the

ball will be lifted from its seat by the
lift sub allowing the fluid to bypass
the ball and travel down the tool.
The Cement Valve can be reconfigured using interchangeable pistons to
operate at different pressures in a
range from 500 to 5000psi.
The Coiled Tubing Cement Valve was
originally developed as a control
valve, capable of accurately delivering cement during coiled tubing
cementing operations. The same tool
can also be used to deliver any fluid
downhole using the same principle.
Downhole Tools
Jars & Accelerators
Downstroke Hydraulic Jar
Upstroke Hydraulic Jar
Coiled Tubing Downstroke

Hydraulic Jars provides the
means for repeatable, controlled downward jarring when
required during coiled tubing
operations.
Coiled Tubing Upstroke

Hydraulic Jars provides the
means for repeatable, controlled upward jarring when
required during coiled tubing
operations.
The Coiled Tubing Downstroke

Hydraulic Jar has a highly
dependable closed and balanced hydraulic system for
hydrostatic pressure. This
allows the coiled tubing operator to control the intensity of the
jarring action to suit the field
application, by applying a sustained downward load, which
can be infinitely variable,
according to the usage application.
The Coiled Tubing Upstroke

Hydraulic Jar has a highly
dependable closed and balanced hydraulic system for
hydrostatic pressure. This
allows the coiled tubing operator to control the intensity of the
jarring action to suit the field
application, by applying a sustained downward load, which
can be infinitely variable,
according to the usage application.
The Coiled Tubing Downstroke

Hydraulic Jar is normally used
in conjunction with the Coiled
Tubing Downstroke Accelerator. It is suitable for most coiled
tubing applications where the
deployment of downhole service and manipulation tools is
required, including setting and
pulling plugs, gas lift valves,
opening and shutting sliding
side doors and the general fishing of downhole retrievables.

Hydraulic Jars are normally
used in conjunction with the
coiled tubing Upstroke Accelerator. It is suitable for most
coiled tubing applications
where the deployment of downhole service and manipulation
tools is required, including setting and pulling plugs, gas lift
valves, opening and shutting
sliding side doors and the general fishing of downhole retrievables.
Coiled Tubing Downstroke

Hydraulic Jars are also used in
most standard coiled tubing
toolstrings during other coiled
tubing services such as swabbing, jetting, logging, and

Hydraulic Jars are also used in
most standard coiled tubing
toolstrings during other coiled
tubing services such as swabbing, jetting, logging, and stimulating, especially in deviated
wells, where there is a possibility of the toolstring becoming
stuck.
stimulating, especially in deviated wells, where there is a

possibility of the toolstring
becoming stuck.
Downhole Tools
Upstroke Intensifier
Downstroke Intensifier
Coiled Tubing Upstroke Intensifiers are used in conjunction with the

Coiled Tubing Upstoke Hydraulic
Jars.
Coiled Tubing Downstroke Intensifiers

are used in conjunction with the
Coiled Tubing Downstroke Hydraulic
Jars.
Its purpose is to provide the necessary even pull and acceleration

power for the Coiled Tubing
Upstoke Hydraulic Jar to operate
efficiently, especially at shallow
depths where there is limited coiled
tubing stretch.
Its purpose is to provide the necessary even pull and acceleration power
for the Coiled Tubing Downstroke
Hydraulic Jar to operate efficiently,
especially in long reach wells where
there is limited coiled tubing push.
The Coiled Tubing Downstroke Intensifier stores downward energy in a
powerful compression spring, which is
suddenly released when the Hydraulic
Jar releases, thus accelerating the
downward jarring impact.
The Coiled Tubing Upstroke Intensifier stores upward energy in a

powerful compression spring,
which is suddenly released when
the Hydraulic Jar releases, thus
accelerating the upward jarring
impact.
The Coiled Tubing Downstroke Intensifier is fully vented to the well bore to
prevent damping effect and has full
pump through capability, compatible
with the Coiled Tubing Hydraulic Jar.
The Coiled Tubing Upstroke Intensifier is fully vented to the well bore
to prevent damping effect and has
full pump through capability, compatible with the CT Hydraulic Jar.
Under normal conditions the PCE

Coiled Tubing Downstroke Intensifier
will function at temperatures of up to
200C if circulation is maintained during operations.
Under normal conditions the Coiled

Tubing Upstroke Intensifier will
function at temperatures of up to
200C if circulation is maintained
during operations.
10
Downhole Tools
Joints & Straight / Weight Bars
Knuckle Joint
C.A.R.S.A.C. HT Connector
The Coiled Tubing Knuckle Joint,

when incorporated between the jars
and the manipulation tool, will provide additional flexibility in the toolstring. This additional flexibility is
often necessary when the bore of
the hole the tool is running through
is restricted and/or highly deviated.
The Coil Tubing C.A.R.S.A.C.

HT (Combination Anti-Rotation Self Aligning Connector
High Torque) was developed
by PCE to create a dedicated
self aligning tool string connector, capable of withstanding high degrees of torque in
both directions.
The Coiled Tubing Knuckle Joint

allows full 360 rotation of the toolstring and provides full 15 angular
deviation and internal pressure
sealing throughout the full rotation
of the tool. The ball and socket of
the knuckle provide the rotation and
angular deviation of the tool. Seals
in the ball provide the sealing capability.
The C.A.R.S.A.C. HT is
designed to assist with the
tubing make-up where it is
difficult to rotate the tools to
engage threads and is particularly suited for long toolstring
applications. It is especially
useful when utilized in conjunction with integral ball
valves and deployment bars.
Where rotation under load is

required see the coiled tubing
swivel joint. The full flow through
bore also allows the use of flow
activated tools below the coiled tubing knuckle joint. Multiple coiled
tubing knuckle joints can be incorporated in particularly long toolstrings.
By incorporating the
C.A.R.S.A.C. HT in the BHA,
the string can be divided into
smaller, more manageable
sections. Each section can be
torqued up accordingly before
loading into the lubricator section. (The C.A.R.S.A.C. HT
matches the torsion yield
strengths of all coiled tubing
drilling thread connections
where high torque tolerance is
a major consideration).
Torque Thru Knuckle Joint

The Coiled Tubing Torque Thru
Knuckle Joint, when incorporated
between the jars and the manipulation tool, will provide additional flexibility in the toolstring. This
additional flexibility is often necessary when the bore of the hole the
tool is running through is restricted
and/or highly deviated. The Coiled
Tubing Torque Thru Knuckle Joint
can be used when rotation of the
toolstring is not required, for example, coiled tubing drilling applications.
The locking taper feature

allows each section of the
toolstring to simply stab-in
and centralize before the
torque drive teeth positively
engage into the female lower
sub. The primary locking collar
is then screwed down to lock
the two sections together. The
secondary locking collar can
then be screwed down to
secure the joint and prevent
the primary collar from backing off.
The coiled tubing knuckle joint provides full 15 angular deviation and
internal pressure sealing throughout the full deviation of the tool. The
ball and socket of the knuckle have
a key that prevents rotation but still
allows full angular movement. The
full flow through bore also allows
the use of flow activated tools below
the coiled tubing knuckle joint. Multiple coiled tubing torque thru
knuckle joints can be incorporated
in particularly long toolstrings.
The C.A.R.S.A.C. HT is also a

fundamental component of the
Coiled Tubing Deployment
System. For applications
where the toolstring length
exceeds the capacity of the
lubricator section, the BHA
deployment can be staggered
by use of a Coiled Tubing
Deployment System.
11
Downhole Tools
Swivel Joint
The Coiled Tubing Swivel Joint is a
standard toolstring component which
when used, permits full rotation of the
BHA made up below the joint.
The Swivels design includes integral

sealed bearings which ensure full
integrity of flow through the joint.
The inclusion of a CT Swivel Joint in a

typical BHA gives the operator orientation flexibility. A CT Swivel Joint in a
BHA will allow the toolstring to be broken and made-up below the joint without the need to disconnect from the
coil.
ment Bar creating a seal between

the well and surface.
Close ball valves on the Dual Ball
Kelly Cock and bleed off the remaining pressure in the upper string.
Separate the C.A.R.S.A.C leaving
the female lower sub facing upwards.
Make up remaining BHA with upper
male section of C.A.R.S.A.C and
stab into the lower BHA section.
As rotation of either BHA section is not possible, the stab-in feature of the C.A.R.S.A.C.
HT is vital. The PCE Coiled Tubing Deployment Bar System is available to suit most
applications and configurations of coiled tubing pipe rams.
Swivel Joints are necessary where

toolstring orientation is required such
as in the running and pulling of gas lift
mandrel.
As rotation of either BHA section is not possible, the stab-in feature of the C.A.R.S.A.C.
HT is vital. The PCE Coiled Tubing Deployment Bar System is available to suit most
applications and configurations of coiled tubing pipe rams.
Deployment System
The Coiled Tubing Deployment System is an
application workstring used where the toolstring length exceeds the capacity of the lubricator section. By using a Coiled Tubing
Deployment System the BHA deployment can
be staggered.
The Coiled Tubing Deployment System is a
combination of three components, a Deployment Bar, a Dual Ball Kelly Cock Valve and a
C.A.R.S.A.C. HT.i
The diameter of the waisted section of the
Deployment bar is matched to the size of
coiled tubing being used and retains full bore
flow through.
Closing the ball valves in the Kelly Cock Valve
gives a double barrier to the wellbore.
The C.A.R.S.A.C. connector allows connection with the upper tool string without the need
to rotate the work string.
By running a combination of a Deployment
Bar, a Dual Ball Kelly Cock Valve and a
C.A.R.S.A.C. HT, the BHA can be deployed in
multiple stages as follows:
Lower BHA assembly made up to the

Deployment System and positioned
in the lubricator.
Connect upper (male) section of
C.A.R.S.A.C, Check Valve & Connector to coiled tubing.
Upper string is lowered onto lower
BHA section and connected via the
C.A.R.S.A.C.
Lower BHA section below the BOP &
close pipe rams around the Deploy-
Schematic: Showing Deployment System being

held in a B.O.P. prior to connection to the upper
toolstring and coiled tubing.
12
Downhole Tools
Centralizers
Weight/Straight Bar
Fluted Centralizer
Weight Bar is manufactured

from solid bar and the relatively
small I.D. ensures maximum
weight displacement. The standard through bore coincides
with the I.D. of the Coiled Tubing
The Coiled Tubing Fluted Centralizer is designed to be

included as part of the coiled
tubing work string to assist in
providing centralization to allow
easier location of tools during
fishing or to provide general stability in the tubing.
Hydraulic Jar & Accelerator.

The Weight Bar can be used in
conjunction with the Coiled Tubing Hydraulic Jar & Accelerator
to provide supplementary mass
during jarring operations, thus
enhancing impact loads. By
increasing the accelerating
mass during a jarring operation,
impact loads can be significantly amplified over conventional Jar/Accelerator
combinations.
Fluted Centralizers have a full

flow through bore allowing passage of darts or drop balls and
is available in any specific
length.
Flow Activated Bow Spring Centralizer
The Weight Bar can also be utilized with a downhole motor to

act as a drill collar. The additional weight on the motor string Straight Bar
can help provide more controlled weight on bit during
coiled tubing drilling operations.
Straight Bar
Straight Bar provides a means
of extending the toolstring,
whilst maintaining the maximum
through bore. The tubular section between the top & bottom
sub can be interchanged to vary
the length of the straight bar.
This approach offers an ideal
way of spacing out tools within
the toolstring, without compromising the flow requirements of
flow activated or jetting tools.
Flow Activated Bow Spring

Centralizers are designed to
allow tool strings or parts of tool
strings to be centralized in the
tubing /casing for various operations.
The Flow Activated Bow Spring
Centralizer is designed so that
its bow springs are normally
retracted. The bow springs only
expand when a pressure differential is achieved across the
tool. This enables the centralizer to pass, for example,
through the restricted bores of
the tail pipe and expand into the
casing liner below without any
unnecessary wear on the bow
springs.
As a safety precaution, the bow
springs are mounted above a
coil spring. This is to allow the
bow springs the necessary
movement they require in order
to pass through a restricted
bore whilst still expanded.
Weight Bar
13
Downhole Tools
Manipulation Tools
Manipulation Tools
Flow Activated Double Ended Selective Shifting Tool
Running/Pulling & Shifting

Tools
The Coiled Tubing Double Ended

Selective Shifting Tool (DESST)
has been designed
Flow Activated GS Running/Pulling

Tool
specifically to selectively shift PCE,

Otis, Camco, Baker sliding sleeves
(SSDs) in horizontal well bores.
The Coiled Tubing Flow Activated

'GS' Type Running/Pulling Tool is
designed to run and retrieve downhole tools with conventional internal fish necks.
The DESST shifting keys are normally retracted during the running
operation and are hydraulically flow
activated to the open shift position
by increasing surface pump volume and therefore, pressure at the
downhole location of the DESST
and SSD. The DESST can selectively open or close multiple SSDs
in a single coiled tubing trip.
The latching mechanism is a

robust dog/core design which
releases positively from the internal fish neck when a hydraulic differential is applied to the tool.
The tool does not require shear
pins or drop balls since the differential required to activate the tool
is provided by circulating through a
choke insert in the core.
The Hydraulic 'GS' Type Running/
Pulling Tools are available for all
standard internal fish neck sizes.
Flow Activated Shifting Tool

The Flow Activated Shifting Tool
is designed to be used as a
work tool for opening and closing sliding sleeves.
The normally closed shifting tool
is flow activated and therefore
does not require the use of drop
balls to activate it. The shifting
tool by design can be used to
either open or close sliding
sleeves.
Flow Activated Heavy Duty Running/Pulling Tool

The Coiled Tubing Flow Activated Heavy Duty Running/Pulling Tool is a collet type running/
pulling tool designed to run or
retrieve downhole tools that
have conventional external fishing necks.
Flow Activated Shifting Tools

are available to suit all sizes
and makes of sliding sleeves
and can be supplied with either
positive or selective keys.
The running/pulling tool design

is extremely robust in construction and allows a full 360 degree
engagement of the fishing neck
to be latched.
The tool is fully hydraulically
activated and therefore does
not require the use of shear pins
or drop balls to operate, since
this is achieved by circulating
through a choke in the core of
the tool.
Hydraulic Heavy Duty Running/
Pulling Tools are available for all
sizes of standard external fish
necks.
14
Downhole Tools
Manipulation Tools
Internal Fishneck Reference Table for CT Flow Activated GS Running/Pulling Tool
Nominal
Tool Size
11/4 11/2 11/2
Tubing Size O.D. 1.66 1.9
21/2
2.062 3
2 /8 27/8 31/2
31/2
4
Special
4
4
4
5.62
73/4 85/8 95/8
41/2 51/2 55/8
73/4 85/8 95/8
A
(in)
0.88 1.06 1.06 1.38 1.81 2.31 2.62 2.75 3.12 4.00 4.75 5.38 6.25 7.12 7.62
B
(in)
1.03 1.22 1.22 1.57 2.00 2.50 2.81 2.94 3.31 4.19 5.00 5.62 6.50 7.50 8.00
C
(in)
0.97 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.58 1.58
D Ref.
(in)
0.90 1.08 1.08 1.40 1.83 2.33 2.64 2.77 3.14 4.02 4.77 5.40 6.27 7.14 7.64
1.05 1.24 1.24 1.59 2.02 2.52 2.83 2.96 3.33 4.21 5.02 5.64 6.52 7.52 8.02
1.03 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.64 1.64
1.38 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.36 2.36
E
(in)
1.97 2.97 2.97 2.97 2.97 2.97 2.97 2.97 2.97 2.97 2.97 2.97 2.97 3.23 3.23
F
(in)
0.88 1.06 1.06 1.38 1.81 2.31 2.62 2.75 3.12 4.00 4.75 5.38 6.25 7.12 7.62
G
(in)
1.00 1.16 1.16 1.59 1.98 2.47 2.78 2.91 3.35 4.16 4.98 5.60 6.48 7.47 7.98
H
(in)
0.42 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.77 0.77
2.03 3.03 3.03 3.03 3.03 3.03 3.03 3.03 3.03 3.03 3.03 3.03 3.03 3.27 3.27
0.90 1.08 1.08 1.40 1.83 2.33 2.64 2.77 3.14 4.02 4.77 5.40 6.27 7.14 7.64
1.06 1.22 1.22 1.65 2.02 2.53 2.84 2.97 3.41 4.22 5.02 5.64 6.52 7.53 8.02
0.34 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.73 0.73
30
30
30
30
30
15
30
30
30
30
30
45
45
45
45
45
Downhole Tools
Manipulation Tools
Flow Activated Kickover Tool

By continuing PCEs renowned reputation for developing world leading hydraulically activated coiled tubing tools, PCE proudly present the Coiled Tubing
Flow Activated Kickover Tool.
PCE began development many years ago, designing and manufacturing
hydraulic adapter subs to allow existing wireline kickover tools to perform on
coiled tubing. The primary objective with this system was to allow existing wireline kickover tools to be used in highly deviated wells, where even the most
effective, low friction, roller stem and linear jars proved to be inoperable under
these conditions. The hydraulic sub simply provided a means of activating the
kickover tool arm through pressure within the coiled tubing. The distinct advantage was the ability to ensure the arm remained rigidly kicked out whilst engaging the valve in the side pocket mandrel. Although successful in achieving its
objectives, the development did not stop there.
During our experience with hydraulic sub adapters, many factors lead to the
recognized need to develop a dedicated, fully flow activated coiled tubing version of the kickover tool. As well as the difficulty to work in deviated wells, the
orientation trigger found in traditional wireline kickover tools, shears out when
leaving the mandrel, thus this operation is effectively, a one shot deal.
PCEs team of design engineers began work on developing a fully hydraulic,
dedicated coiled tubing solution for running and pulling gas lift valves located in
side pockets. The design attributes include a hydraulically activated trigger
mechanism with the functionality of indefinite repeatable operation. Whilst providing a hydraulically activated kickout joint, the tool offers full flow through
capability, providing a means of jetting fluid directly onto the gas lift valve. Acid
can also be spotted through the tool to help dissolve build-ups of scale around
the valve fish neck. This added facility greatly increases the likelihood of successfully retrieving the valve, first time. Also, with the facility of flow running
through the tool, the option of a hydraulic release type pulling tool is also feasible.
Typical Running Procedure
The toolstring would typically consist of a (a) tubing connector, (b) double flapper check valve, (c) hydraulic disconnect, (d) dual circulation valve, (e)
sequencing valve, (f) swivel joint, (g) flow activated kickover tool, and (h) an
appropriate pulling tool. Jars and accelerators may be run if necessary. The
hydraulic trigger mechanism remains in as the tool is RIH, circulation through
the sequencing valve ensures the pressure within the toolstring does not
exceed the pressure in the annulus. This will prevent the trigger and the kickout
joint operating prematurely. The kickover tool remains rigidly straight whilst running through the completion, eliminating unintentional access to mandrels further up the string. The kickover tool is run past the selected side pocket
mandrel. Pressure within the string is increased, thus shutting off the sequencing valve and activating the hydraulic trigger. The toolstring is then pulled back
through the mandrel until the trigger engages the orientation housing of the
mandrel, an increase in weight can be seen at surface. The tubing pressure is
then increased further to activate the kickout joint. Maintaining this pressure
ensures the joint is permanently kicked out, even when the side pocket is situated on the high side. By sitting down, the pulling tool engages the gas lift valve
fishing neck. As the fluid within the toolstring is exiting through the pulling tool,
the gas-lift valve is cleaned prior to latching. The internal toolstring pressure is
then reduced so as to re-open the sequencing valve, consequently deactivating
the trigger and kickout joint.
An overpull determines the valve is engaged and an increased overpull
extracts the valve from the side pocket mandrel. Jars may be required to aid
this operation. The gas-lift valve can then be successfully brought to surface.
Running a replacement valve or dummy works on a similar principle. This scenario is where a hydraulic release running tool would be an advantage.
Hydraulic adapter subs are available for a whole range of existing wireline kickover tools. Dedicated flow activated kickover tools are limited to medium and
larger sizes of side pocket mandrels due to their complex internal hydraulic
mechanisms.
16
Downhole Tools
Manipulation Tools
Flow Activated High Torque Indexing

Tool
Coiled Tubing Flow Activated
High Torque Indexing Tools are
designed for use when controlled rotation of the lower tool
string is required. The tool has
particular application for rotating fishing overshots onto the
fish.
Single Shot Tubing Punch

The Coiled Tubing Single Shot
Tubing Punch is a mechanical
punch perforator hydraulically
activated by applying pressure
to the CT string. The CT Single
Shot Tubing Punch is normally
run in conjunction with a
Sequencing Valve.
The CT Single ShotTubing
Punch is only designed to
punch one hole in one trip, however a CT Multi Shot Tubing
Punch has been developed to
punch multiple holes in one
coiled tubing run.
The Flow Activated High

Torque Indexing Tool is
designed on a rotating cam
principle. The tool does not
stroke downward in order to
index the cam, since this action
is achieved internally.
Flow Activated Multi-ShotTubing End

Locator
The Coiled tubing Flow Activated Multi-Shot Tubing End
Locator is designed to be used
as part of the standard tool
string assembly to locate the
end of the production tubing for
depth correlation.
The Tubing End Locator is flow
activated and therefore offers
the ability to 're-tag' the end of
the tubing as many times as
required without the need to
retract from the well for redress.
The tool is flow activated by
surface pump volume and pressure, and the force required to
pull through the tubing end can
therefore be infinitely varied.
Hydraulic Tubing End Locators
are available in a range of toolstring sizes, with fingers to suit
the tubing i.d. as required.
17
Downhole Tools
Manipulation Tools
Multi-Shot Tubing Punch
Nipple Locator
The Coiled Tubing Multi-Shot Tubing Punch is a hydraulically operated mechanical punch perforator
that can be used to perforate standard and heavy wall tubing. Perforating tubing provides access to
casing annulus to circulate or kill a
well or bring in additional productive zones.
Tubing Nipple Locators are

designed to locate nipples in the
tubing whilst downhole coiled tubing operations are being performed. This makes the tool ideal
for depth correlation by tagging a
known datum in the production tubing.
The Nipple Locator can be positioned virtually anywhere in the
BHA. As the Nipple Locator is
purely mechanical, the operation of
the tool does not require any
hydraulic pressure to operate.
The Multi-Shot Tubing Punch can

also be used for emergency situation, such as to permit production
through tailpipe that has been
plugged and cannot be opened by
regular means.
The Tubing Nipple Locator is run

below the nipple to the desired
position. A slow pick up will then
allow the dogs to tag the back of
the nipple profile. A small overpull
(approximately 600-900lbs) will be
seen on the weight indicator. This
procedure may be repeated indefinitely ensuring that the datum
points can be re-checked, therefore a constant indication can be
determined.
Multi-Shot Tubing Punches are

designed to perforate tubing under
pressure. There are no explosives
used and with the proper punch
and bushing there is no danger of
perforating through the tubing and
into the casing.
The mechanical operation of the
Multi-Shot Tubing Punch is the
same as the standard field proven
wireline deployed mechanical Tubing Punch. Integral to the mechanical punch perforator is a hydraulic
system that, with the application of
pressure, will activate the tool to
punch a hole in the tubing. A reduction in the applied pressure will
cause the tool to re-set itself
enabling the tool to punch further
holes without bringing the tool back
to surface for re-setting.
If a more positive indication is

required, the Nipple Locator has
the added feature of a shear pin
sub. By pinning the shear sub with
predetermined shear pins, the Nipple Locator can be configured to
allow a significant increase in overpull. This more positive surface
indication of depth correlation can
permit an overpull of up to
5000Lbs, this operation is however
a one-shot operation and once the
pins are sheared, the Nipple Locator reverts back to the conventional
600-900lbs repeatable overpulls.
Multi-Shot Tubing Punches can be

run on a standard coiled tubing tool
string in conjunction with a hydraulically operated tubing anchor and,
if required, an indexing tool. The
Multi-Shot Tubing Punch should be
run in hole in the unset condition.
When at the required depth a pressure can be applied sufficient to set
the tubing anchor. By increasing
the pressure the mechanical punch
will be activated punching a hole in
the tubing. Once the hole has been
punched in the tubing a vent port
will be opened causing a pressure
drop, which can be seen at surface.
The Tubing Nipple Locator comprises of a spring loaded dog

assembly which provides a reliable
and repeatable means of tagging a
range of common nipples within a
specific tubing size. All springs are
encapsulated minimizing the risk of
mechanical tool failure from debris
ingress.
The Nipple Locator incorporates
Nickel Alloy springs as standard
and is therefore suitable for both
standard and H2S conditions.
Allowing the pressure to drop will

cause the punch to be retracted.
The pressure can then be bled to
zero releasing the hydraulic anchor
and allowing the tool to be moved
to a new position.
18
Downhole Tools
Wash Tools
Wash Tools
Rotary Jet Wash Tool
Flow Activated Jetting Indexing Tool
The Coiled Tubing Rotary Jet

Wash Tool is designed to be
used for both jetting and circulating operations when
cleaning and washing the
inside of the tubing. It can
also be used to assist in motivating the coiled tubing string
both in and out of the well.

Hydraulic Jetting Indexing Tools
are designed to rotate jetting wash
nozzles, to allow full 360 bore
coverage.
The Jetting Indexing Tool is rotated
in a controlled 45 or 60 incremental manner by applying intermittent surface pump pressure.
The design of the Rotary Jet

Wash Tool works on the principal of applied fluid pressure
causing the nozzle to rotate
and jet the fluid against the
tubing wall in a full 360
degree rotating action. Rotary
Jet Wash Tools are available
in a range of sizes.
When flow pressure is increased

to the index operating pressure,
the lower half of the tool strokes
downwards and indexes. Maintaining the pressure then allows the
increased flow to jet through the
jetting wash nozzle. When the flow
pressure is decreased the tool
strokes back and completes the
indexing cycle.
Slimhole Jetting Head Assembly

Coiled Tubing Slim Hole Jetting Head Assembly are
designed to provide the operator with a tool assembly that
is the same diameter as the
coiled tubing and to incorporate the basic requirements of
any jetting or washing tool.
By repeating this operation a full

360 wash cycle can be achieved.
A range of jetting nozzles can be
supplied with the Jetting Indexing
Tool.
The Flapper Check Valve

Cartridge is used as the prime
safety barrier to prevent back
flow up the coiled tubing
should control of the pump or
ancillary surface equipment
be lost at surface for any reason.
Multi-Jet Wash Tool
By incorporating a conventional Roll-On Connector,

and facilitating the choice of
Jetting Nozzles, Wash Tools
or other slim hole tools into
the integrated design, the
Slim Hole Jetting Head
Assembly becomes the ideal
tool for all slim hole applications.
The Coiled Tubing Multi-Jet

Wash Tool is a non-rotational
wash tool with simple grub
screw nozzles that are field
adjustable.
Multi-Jet Wash Tools are normally used in conjunction with
Flow Activated Hydraulic Jetting
Indexing Tool. Multi-Jet Wash
Tools are available a range of
sizes.
19
Downhole Tools
Fishing Tools
Fishing Tools
Jetting Nozzles
Hydrostatic Bailer
Coiled Tubing Hydrostatic
Bailers are designed to be
used to bail sand and
debris from horizontal well
bores where difficulty is
experienced circulating the
sand out in the conventional manner.
Single Port
Flow Thru Nozzle
Hydrostatic Bailers is run to

depth and fired by overpressuring the coiled tubing at which time the sand
or debris is sucked into the
atmospheric chamber. A
flapper valve retains the
sand and fingers on the
bottom sub also act as a
junk basket, to retain any
larger debris. A 3" diameter
by 30' long Hydrostatic
Bailer will bail approximately one cubic foot of
sand per run.
Multiple Back
Flow Port Nozzle
Multiple Side
Flow Port Nozzle
Hydrostatic Bailers are normally run in conjunction

with a Sequencing Tool, to
allow circulation whilst running into the well and over
pressuring to fire the bailer
when desired.
Multiple Flow
Port Nozzle
Multiple Up Flow
Port Nozzle
Single Flow Port Muleshoe Nozzle
20
Downhole Tools
Fishing Tools
Flow Activated Fishing/Bulldog

Spear
Lead Impression Block

The Coiled Tubing Lead
Impression Block is an
adapted standard wireline
service tool used to obtain
impressions of foreign
objects in the tubing string
to assist in identification of
the object and thus selection of the correct fishing
tool.
Flow Activated Coiled Tubing Releasable Fishing/

Bulldog Spears are a variable catch internal spear
used to retrieve a lost cylindrical fish from the well
bore.
A complete range of slips

is available for each size
tool. To operate simply
run into the fish and set
down weight, pick up,
and retrieve the fish.
Lead Impression Blocks

are available in a range
of sizes.
To release from the fish

simply set down weight,
circulate in conjunction
with a PCE Hydraulic
Sequencing Tool above
the spear. The spear will
then release due to the
flow created differential.
Releasable Overshot
The Flow Activated Coiled Tubing
Releasable Overshot is a variable
catch external overshot used to
retrieve a lost cylindrical fish from
the well bore.
Flow Activated Coiled Tubing
Releasable Overshots operate in
the same way as a standard nonreleasable overshot. The tool is run
in hole until it over shoots the cylindrical fish and stops out. Pulling up
will cause the slips to set into the
fish. Where the coiled tubing
releasable overshot differs from a
standard overshot is that, should
the fish be irretrievable or simply
require transportation to another
location in the well, dropping a ball
or flow activation will enable the
tool to release from the fish and be
pulled back to surface.
Fishing Grabs
The Coiled Tubing Fishing Grab
is a tool normally used to
retrieve wire that has broken in
the tubing.
The Coiled Tubing Fishing Grab
consists of a box up connection
in a housing with either two or
three flexible prongs extending
downwards. Pointed barbs are
welded to the inside of the
prongs so as to form hooks that
will catch the looped end of the
broken line. The Coiled Tubing
Fishing Grab also has a large
flow through bore.
The Flow Activated Coiled Tubing

Releasable Overshot can be used
to fish lost or broken coil and tubing
and also coiled tubing tools that
have backed off down hole. Flow
Activated Coiled Tubing Releasable Overshots can be supplied to
overshot and seal onto a specific
fish in order to form a pressure tight
seal. This is of importance if there
is a flow activated tool beneath the
fish that requires operation before
the fish can be retrieved.
When a line breaks below the

stuffing box, a full gauge such as
a slotted skirt wirefinder is normally used to both locate and
ball up the broken end of the line
before running the fishing grab.
The fishing grab is flexible
enough to bend and can be
gauged for the tubing it is to be
run in. The prong ends of the
grab should fit snugly against
the walls of the tubing to help
prevent line bypass.
A complete range of hardened and

double tempered slips are available for each size tool.
21
Downhole Tools
Fishing Tools
Non-Releasable Overshot
Flow Activated Alligator Grab
The Coiled Tubing Non

Releasable Overshot is a
fishing tool utilized to catch
coiled tubing or downhole
tools without a fish neck.

Alligator Grabs are a fishing
tool used to catch and
retrieve loose objects from
within the well bore. The
Alligator Grab is run in the
permanently closed position
and is flow activated to the
open grab position by circulating fluid and creating a
pressure differential at the
tool.
The latching mechanism of

the tool utilizes hardened and
tempered parallel slips to grip
the outside diameter of the
'fish'.
Where required, threaded
main bodies are available to
enable bell guides to be fitted
for fishing small diameter
tools in large internal diameter tubing. They can also be
supplied with internal or
external fishing necks looking up to enable them to be
used in conjunction with a
Heavy Duty Running / Pulling
Tool.
Please note Coiled Tubing

Flow Activated Alligator
Grabs are not designed to
withstand heavy jarring operations in the event that the
jaws have gripped onto any
firmly stuck fish.
Alligator Grabs should
always be run in conjunction
with a Sequencing Tool.
Venturi Junk Basket

The Coiled Tubing Venturi Junk
Basket is a tool which is used to
retrieve junk and debris out of the
well bore. When fluid is pumped
through the string of the coiled tubing and out through the nozzles in
the venturi chamber, a vacuum is
created in the venturi chamber.
Fluid is sucked from the bottom of
the tool exit back through the venturi tubes. Most of this fluid mixes
with the pressurized fluid to be recirculated around the bottom of the
tool.
The tool is essentially a high powered vacuum cleaner that may be
used with fluid, nitrogenated fluids
or gases. The nozzles in the tool
are simply changed out for the
available pump rate, fluid or gas. A
debris filter screen is placed before
the venturi chamber to prevent
debris from blocking the venturi
tubes.
A hollow magnetic section with a
finger type trap catches junk and
debris, which is then carried from
the well inside the tool.
Barrel extensions are available to
increase the volume of junk which
may be carried.
The tool is not dependent on hole
size to work, so for example you
could use a 3.1/8 o.d. tool to
retrieve debris from 7 casing.
22
Downhole Tools
Commonly Used CT Threads Recognition

1.7 - 10 Stub Acme
Size
1.7-10
1.00
1.749
1.440
1.260
0.120
0.130
1.500
C
D
E
A
Stub Acme
A
Size
(max)
I
2.810
1.5-10
.937
1.336
2.850
1.668
1.175
0.15
1.340
1.686
1.812-10
1.25
1.682
2.850
1.668
1.195
0.15
1.687
1.686
2.880
2.062-10
1.500
1.91
2.850
1.660
1.195
0.15
1.914
1.686
2.880
Ammt with Oring Groove

Size
A
(max)
1.00
.63
1.56
1.75
1.50
.44
1.301
2.13
2.00
1.50
1.00
2.00
2.25
2.00
.44
1.688
2.63
2.50
C
D
23
G
H
Downhole Tools
1 1/4 Ammt
Size
A
(max)
1 1/4
3/4
1.421
2.00
1 5/8
1 3/4
1.489
.44
2 1/2
2.00
C
D
A.P.I. Regular with ORing Groove

Size
A
(max)
2 3/8
1.25
1.639
3.015
3.00
3.13
4.250
1.69
2.678
Size
A
(max)
H
(min)
2 3/8
1 3/8
1 55/66
2 1/4
.25
2.362
2 13/32
3.00
2 1/2
PAC
G
H
24
Injectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Current 5 Series Injectors ..........................................................
Previous Injector Data .................................................................
Tubing Tensioning System...........................................................
Schematic.....................................................................................
1
11
12
14
Reels - Literature
Reels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Standard Reel Specifications (Hydra Rig)....................................
Drop-in-Drum Reels .....................................................................
Schematics...................................................................................
Reel Capacity Calculation ............................................................
Shipping Spools ...........................................................................
16
17
20
21
22
Power Packs - Literature

Power Packs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Power Pack Hydraulic Schematics............................................... 25
Control Cabins - Literature

Control Cabins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Schematics................................................................................... 30
Hydraulics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Hoses ...........................................................................................
Common Hydraulic Symbols ........................................................
Hydraulic Components .................................................................
Fluid Power Principals..................................................................
Hydraulic Pumps ..........................................................................
Control Valves ..............................................................................
Troubleshooting Procedures ........................................................
Glossary .......................................................................................
35
38
39
42
43
49
57
62
Injectors - Literature
COILED TUBING SYSTEMS

Proven Performance
Engineering excellence achieved through
the manufacturing of over 450 coiled tubing
systems has put Hydra Rig at the leading
edge of coiled tubing technology. With
units in operation around the world, our
equipment is meeting the demand in some
of the toughest environments on earth.
Design Versatility
Designed to the customers specific
requirements for depth, tubing size and
environmental conditions. Standard
configurations include trailer, truck and skid
mounted systems for both inland and
offshore operation. Control Cabin options
offer flexibility in size, telescoping models
increase visibility and combination power
pack/control cabin skid units reduce
offshore lifts. Reel capacities up to 25,000
ft. are available. Power Packs are
designed for easy rig up and maintenance,
with optional hydraulic packages available
for multispeed injector control. Auxiliary
components such as offshore injector
skids, multi port hose reels and electronic
monitoring systems are offered to meet
special requirements.
Offshore 1-3/4 coiled tubing unit, North Sea certified,

20,000 feet reel capacity, 60,000 lbs. pull injector.
Trailer mounted 2 coiled tubing unit, recessed reel

design, 14,000 feet reel capacity, 60,000 lbs. pull
injector.
Trailer mounted 1-1/2 coiled tubing unit, 14,000 ft.

reel capacity, 40,000 lb. pull injector. Configured
with tractor driven power unit for reduced weight.
Truck mounted 1-1/4 coiled tubing unit, 20,000 ft.

reel capacity, 40,000 lb. pull injector. Mounted on a
6 x 6 chassis for rough terrain mobility.
Complete Control
The operators control console provides
complete monitoring and control of the
system. Functional, simplistic layout
combined with enhanced hydraulic
component controls provides superior onsite performance and reduces operator
fatigue.
Rugged Injectors
Years of experience throughout the coiled
tubing industry have resulted in injector
designs that are the most advanced on the
market today. Models range from 20,000
lbs. to 200,000 lbs. maximum pull, and
tubing sizes from 1 through 5-1/2. With
over 500 injectors in operation around the
world, our injectors have met the challenge
in the most demanding applications.
COILED TUBING SYSTEMS

North Sea Certification
3-Skid design 1-1/2 coiled tubing unit, for

combination land or offshore use, shown mounted
on trailer with crane.
North Sea and BP200 certification is

available on all coiled tubing equipment.
Designed especially for the demanding
conditions required of equipment
operating in the North Sea, these units
assure you the highest level of safety and
dependability available today.
Service
Twenty four hours a day, 365 days a year,
our personnel are committed to providing
you with the technical assistance, parts
and information necessary to start your
operation successfully and keep it that
way. Our experienced service team is
dedicated to keeping your units in the
field, on the job, year after year.
Offshore 1-1/4 coiled tubing unit, 21,000 ft. reel

capacity, 60,000 lb. pull injector with 72 radius
gooseneck.
Truck mounted 1-1/4 coiled tubing unit with

telescoping hydra lift for fast rig up.
The Choice
Trailer mounted 1-1/2 coiled tubing unit with

injector handling mast, 17,500 ft. reel capacity,
60,000 lb. pull injector, enclosed and winterized
for operation in arctic conditions.
From the North Sea to the North slope

of Alaska, in the Persian Gulf or the Gulf
of Mexico, Hydra Rig coiled tubing units
have consistently built a reputation
among coiled tubing operators to be the
smoothest operating, most powerful, and
dependable units ever built. High
mobility, fast rig up time, low
maintenance, and most importantly
superior unit control, increases its value
every time it is deployed.
COILED TUBING DRILLING UNITS

Coiled tubing drilling (CTD) is the
cutting edge technology of todays
expanding coiled tubing market.
Tuboscopes Coiled Tubing Drilling
Products Group was created to guide
its coiled tubing drilling effort. The
participating Tuboscope divisions
include Hydra Rig, the worlds leading
provider of coiled tubing equipment
and nitrogen pumping systems, Texas
Oil Tools (TOT), Brandt, SSR
International, Pressure Control
Engineering (PCE), Tulsa Equipment
Manufacturing (TEM), and Coiled
Tubing Engineering Services (CTES).
Mast and substructure drilling unit utilizes the

HR 5200 injector with 200,000 lbs. lifting capacity,
and tubing sizes through 5-1/2 OD.
Purpose built drilling control trailer features 20 feet

of control cabin space, as well as sound enclosed
diesel hydraulic power unit for CTD rig operation.
Unique elevated reel design reduces tubing fatigue

cycle by 2/3. HR 480 injector is used for 3-1/4 OD
tubing.
Recessed reel design trailers maximize tubing

capacity for land CTD operations.
Portable coiled tubing drilling substructure has a builtin 170,000 lb. pull rig - assist snubbing unit for
handling casing up to 7-5/8 diameter.
Our
combined
expertise
and
complementary products are brought
together in the form of innovative and costeffective solutions for even the most
demanding applications. As the leading
suppliers of coiled tubing equipment,
pumping and separation equipment, and
pressure control equipment for under
balanced drilling, our team covers the
broad range of products and services
required for your complete drilling package.
Coiled Tubing Equipment

Injectors

Injectors
Current 5 Series Injectors
HR-560 Series
HR-560 Series CT Injector
Performance Data
- 60,000 lb. continuous lifting capacity (see performance curves)
- 26,000 lb. continuous snubbing capacity
- 200 feet/min. maximum speed (minimum displacement)
- 136 feet/min. maximum speed (maximum displacment)
- 100 horsepower continuous (150 horsepower intermittent) with 100F ambient
conditions
- 1 through 2-3/8 tubing sizes
- Capable of running new 120,000 psi tubing
- Superior slow speed control for drilling applications
- Inches per minute smooth operating speed
- 60,000 lb. lifting capacity through outer frame
- 60,000 lb. lifting capacity from stripper
Drive System
- Deep reduction, purpose built gear drive (patented)
- Single hydraulic motor input (variable desplacement, bent axis piston motor)
- Dual output drive shafts with integral sprockets
- Hard plumbed counterbalance valves
- The outer bearings of the dual drive shafts are grease lubricated
1

Injectors
- Tubing odometer for maintenance and inspection requirements

- Dual oil seals on gear drive output shafts for long and reliable service
- Single spring applied / pressure released brake mounted between the hydraulic
drive motor and gear drive input pad
Traction System
Traction System
- Patented Quick Connect gripper system (1-3 seconds required to remove or install
a gripper)
- Hardened and grooved single piece grippers
- Elastomeric suspension system for grippers (patented)
- Sealed-for-life chain bearings - reduced maintenance with no greasing of chain
bearings required
- Purpose built and simplified diect down tension chain system
- New (spray type) injetor chain lubricating system
- Improved skate entrance design for smoother chain bearing entry into traction
system
General Features
- Hub odometer mounted on gear drive output shaft for total footage indication
- Minimum parts count for reduced maintenance
- Narrow width for easier rig access - 52
- Dual hydraulic load cells standard
- Forklift pockets for yard handling
- Available certified for North Sea service

Injectors
HR-560 Schematic
Weights (Basic)
- 8,100 lbs. assembled weight with stripper mount and 72 gooseneck installed
- 808 lbs. gooseneck weight
- 3 lbs. approximate individual gripper weight
Options
- 60, 72 & 100 radius tubing guides
- Injection counter
- Fold down walkways
- Electronic or combination of electronic/hydrualic load cells
- Fall protection device

Injectors
HR-560 Injector - Minimum Displacement
HR-560 Injector - Full Displacement

Injectors
HR-580 Series
Performance Data
- 108 feet/min. maximum speed (maximum displacment, 120GPM)
conditions
- 1-1/2 through 3-1/2 tubing sizes
Drive System

Injectors
Traction System
Traction System
a gripper)
bearings required
system
General Features

Injectors
HR-580 Schematic - 72 Tubing Guide
Weights (Basic)
- 11,500 lbs. assembled weight with 72 gooseneck installed with no stripper mount
- 850 lbs. estimated 72 gooseneck weight
- 6 lbs. approximate individual gripper weight
Options
- 60, 72, 100, 120 & 140 radius tubing guides
- Injector counter
- Fold down walkways
- Elecronic or combination of electronic / hydraulic load cells
- Fall protection device

Injectors
HR-580 Injector - Minimum Displacement
HR-580 Injector - Full Displacement

Injectors
HR-5100 Series
Performance Data
- 95 feet/min. maximum speed (maximum displacment)
conditions
- 1-1/2 through 3-1/2 tubing sizes
Drive System

Injectors
Traction System
Traction System
a gripper)
bearings required
system
General Features
10
Previous Injector Data

INJECTOR SERIES
Hydraulic
Motor Series
* HR-125
* HR-150
* HR-240
* HR-260
H-25 Poclain
Motors
H-30 Poclain
Motors
H-25 Poclain
Motors
H-30 Poclain
Motors
HR-420
HR-440
HR-480
HR-5100
HR-5200
MS082
MS-50 Poclain MS-50 Poclain
Poclain Motors
Motors
Motors
Rexroth
AA6VM250
Rexroth
AA6VM250
* No longer in production.
Large Disp.
381 cu.in.
Small Disp.
190.5 cu.in.
Large Disp.
599.6 cu.in.
Small Disp.
299.8 cu.in.
Large Disp.
381 cu.in.
Small Disp.
190.5 cu.in.
Large Disp.
599.6 cu.in.
Small Disp.
299.8 cu.in.
Disp. 114
cu.in.
Large Disp.
608 cu.in.
Small Disp.
304 cu.in.
Large Disp.
1216 cu.in.
Small Disp.
608 cu.in.
Variable to
250 cc
Variable to
500 cc
Direct
Direct
Direct
Direct
Direct
Direct
Direct
Gearbox W/
66:1 Ratio
Gearbox W/
88:1 Ratio
Chain Pitch
Available
140 & 160
160 & 180
140 & 160
160 & 180
140
180
200
200
240
Maximum
Rated Pull
32,000 lbs
42,000 lbs
40,000 lbs
60,000 lbs
18,000 lbs
60,000 lbs
100,000 lbs
100,000 lbs
200,000 lbs
Maximum Snub
Capacity
10,000 lbs
10,000 lbs
15,000 lbs
15,000 lbs
5000 lbs
20,000 lbs
40,000 lbs
60,000 lbs
60,000 lbs
Tubing Size
Capability
1" - 1-3/4"
1" - 2-3/8"
1" - 1-3/4"
1" - 2-3/8"
1" - 1-1/2"
1" - 2-3/8"
7,500 lbs
10,000 lbs
8,000 lbs
11,000 lbs
3,600 lbs
7,200 lbs
L-61", H-93",
W-59"
L-78", H-103",
W-70"
L-61", H-95",
W-59"
L-76", H-102",
W-72"
L-40", H-60",
W-32"
L-55", H-80",
W-52"
Hydraulic
Motor Disp.
Drive System
11
Dimensions
2" - 5-1/2"
13,500 lbs
L-64", H-109", L-73", H-121", L-86", H-165",
W-60"
W-53"
W-51"

Injectors
Approx. Weight
w/Gooseneck
1-1/4" - 3-1/2" 1-1/4" - 3-1/2"

Injectors
Tubing Tensioning System

Hyrda Rig has two types of tensioning systems; Type "R" (Roller) and the Type "S"
(Skate) for their injectors.
Common Features
- 240 and 260 series are retrofitable to either "S" or "R" design.
- Three independent traction cylinder sets for safety.
- Free floating, centering design to reduce wear on tubing and injector.
- Traction shaft carrier wear inserts, to reduce critical component wear points and
injector clatter.
Type "R" (Roller)
- Traction rollers contained in tensioning carrier assembly.
- Chain is flat back.
Type "S" (Skate)
- Traction rollers contained in chain assembly.
- Flat bar (Skate) contained in tensioning carrier assembly.
Specifications
Grip Length for 240 Series
- Type "S" - 42", 24 rollers sets in contact.
- Type "R" - 38 ", 21 roller sets in contact.
Grip Length for 260 Series
- Type "S" - 42", 19 rollers sets in contact.
- Type "R" - 38 ", 21 roller sets in contact.
Chain
- 240 "R" and 260 "R" - ANSI 160 STD Triple Strand
- 240 "S" - ANSI 140 STD Triple Strand
- 260 "S" - ANSI 180 STD Triple Strand
12

Injectors
Tensioning System Bearings

"S" Type
L17 cam roller, roller bearing - 140 Chain
L14 cam roller, needle bearing - 140 Chain
221 cam roller, needle bearing - 180 Chain
"R" Type
DSF 241 double cam roller type needle bearing - Non Chain related.
Gripper Blocks Contact Areas

240 Series
240 "S":
240 "R":
260 Series
260 "S":
260 "R":
1.25" - 2.37 sq. in., 1.5" 2.8 sq. in.

1.25" - 2.15 sq. in., 1.5" 2.74 sq. in.
1.5" - 3.95 sq. in.
1.5" - 2.74 sq. in.
Tensioning Assemblies
13

Injectors
Schematic
Typical Hydraulic Injector
14
COILED TUBING REELS

Our reels are designed to optimize tubing
capacity in the smallest possible envelope
dimensions. With todays demands for
longer, heavier, larger diameter tubing, a
full range of reels are supplied and built to
fit your applications. Features that include
chain or direct drive, clear through bore
swivels designed specifically for coiled
tubing use, and hinged to open counters
make our reels the preference of
experienced operators.
Our unique dished end drum design
provides maximum drum width, and allows
safe, convenient access to the reels
internal plumbing. All models are wireline
adaptable, and many models are available
for 15,000 psi service for high-pressure
applications. Skid mounted models are
available with North Sea certification.
Model 6110 spooling

foundation is designed
to handle shipping
spools up to 192 OD,
tubing sizes up to 3-1/
2 diameter.
Trailer mounted
reels feature
recessed drum
design to
maximize tubing
capacity within
road
regulations.
Oversized reel trailers available for service in

unrestricted remote areas. Unit shown handles
8,000 ft. of 3-1/2 diameter tubing.
Model 3015 reel holds

15,000 ft. of 1-3/4
tubing. Unit shown
with 4 point lifting
frame and dual inlet
valves.
Model 2015 reel

holds 15,000 ft. of
1-1/2 tubing. Unit
shown has 2 point
lifting bail and on
board lube tank for
tubing inhibitor
application.
Model 1015 holds
15,000 ft. of 1-1/4
tubing. Unit shown is
for truck mounted
application, with 2
point lifting bail and
nylon strap transport
drum tie-downs.

Reels
Reels
Typical Reel Configuration
15

Reels
Standard Reel Specifications (Hydra Rig)

1015
Hydra Rig Reel Models*

2015
3015
3020
4122
Diameter (in)
Core
Flange
Drum Width
60
100
60
76
119
70
84
135
70
84
148
70
96
168
82
48,000
68,000
68,000
115,000
15,000
10,000
-
22,500
15,100
11,200
8,500
-
25,000
22,000
15,000
11,000
-
25,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
-
25,000
25,000
25,000
22,000
15,000
-
7,000
118
95
102
12,000
148
98
122
13,500
164
98
138
14,000
177
98
151
21,000
194
112
171
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
15,000
15,000
15,000
Gross Lift Capacity (lbs)

30,000
Tubing Capacity (ft)

1.25"
1.50"
1.75"
2.00"
2.38"
2.88"
3.50"
Dimensions
Weight
Length
Width
Height
Working Pressure (psi)

Standard
10,000
Working Pressure (psi)

Optional
Identifying HydraRig Reel Models
16

Reels
Drop-in-Drum Reels
17

Reels
D2000 Drop-In Reel Summary
Weight: 11,000 lbs (without spool)

16 RPM Max (300 FPM on 72 core)
11,500 ft. lbs (2,300 lbs @ 120 O.D.)
18

Reels
D3000 Drop-In Reel Summary Sheet
Weight: 11,000 lbs (without spool)

16 RPM Max (300 FPM on 72 core)
11,500 ft. lbs (2,300 lbs @ 120 O.D.)
19

Reels
Schematics
Typical Cross-section of a Hydra Rig Clear-through Bore Circulatory Swivel
Typical Reel Hydraulic Schematic
20

Reels
Reel Capacity Calculation

Use the following equations to determine pipe capacities for common reel sizes.
NOTE 1: N & M must be rounded down to an integer number.

NOTE 2: L is in the same units as A, B, C, D and E
21

Reels
Shipping Spools
Reel Capacity for Coiled Tubing
Standard Shipping Spool Tubing Capacity (English)
Spool Measurements D =
1.00
(in)
E=
2.0
Reel Flange Core Flange
OD Height
Dia.
Width
A
B
C
90
21.0
48
48
15,997
112
20.0
72
60
25,447
116
22.0
72
60
28,903
120
24.0
72
60
32,484
124
26.0
72
60
36,191
128
28.0
72
60
40,024
135
26.5
82
65
43,291
140
29.0
82
65
50,081
142
30.0
82
65
52,412
154
31.0
92
65
59,713
154
28.0
98
65
54,863
160
24.0
112
79
60,971
180
34.0
112
89
107,367
180
25.0
130
89
81,993
1.25
2.0
1.50
2.0
9,961
15,746
18,498
19,921
22,861
24,379
27,353
30,947
32,795
37,808
33,489
37,362
66,567
51,023
1.75
2.75
2.00
3.0
2.375 2.875
3.5
4.0
3.50
4.5
Reel Capacities in Feet

6,635
11,310 7,030 5,529 3,387
12,456 8,935 6,362 4,060
13,635 9,934 7,226 4,765
16,085 10,964 8,121 5,500
17,357 12,025 9,048 6,267
19,093 13,191 9,584 6,576
22,087 15,729 11,762 7,475
22,087 15,729 11,762 8,407
25,774 18,598 14,074 9,185 6,110
23,635 16,612 12,265 8,606 5,575
25,348 18,802 13,477 9,054 5,482
46,547 31,544 24,536 16,332 11,054
35,333 23,719 19,260 13,197 8,254
3,729
7,330
4,827
Standard Shipping Spool Tubing Capacity (Metric)

Spool
Measurements (m)
Reel Flange Core
OD Height Dia.
A
B
2.29 0.533 1.219
2.84 0.508 1.829
2.95 0.559 1.829
3.05 0.610 1.829
3.15 0.660 1.829
3.25 0.711 1.829
3.43 0.673 2.083
3.56 0.737 2.083
3.61 0.762 2.083
3.91 0.787 2.337
3.91 0.711 2.489
4.06 0.610 2.845
4.57 0.864 2.845
4.57 0.635 3.302
D (mm)
E (mm)
Flange
Width
C
1.219
1.524
1.524
1.524
1.524
1.524
1.651
1.651
1.651
1.651
1.651
2.007
2.261
2.261
25.4
50.8
4,876
7,756
8,810
9,901
11,031
12,199
13,195
15,265
15,975
18,200
16,722
18,584
32,725
24,992
31.75
50.8
38.1
50.8
60.325
88.9
73.025
101.6
88.9
114.3
Reel Capacities in Meters

3,036 2,022
4,799 3,447 2,143 1,685
1,032
5,638 3,797 2,723 1,939
1,238
6,072 4,156 3,028 2,202
1,452
6,968 4,903 3,342 2,475
1,676
7,431 5,291 3,665 2,758
1,910
8,337 5,819 4,021 2,921
2,004
9,433 6,732 4,794 3,585
2,278
9,996 6,732 4,794 3,585
2,563
11,524 7,856 5,669 4,290
2,800
10,208 7,204 5,063 3,738
2,623
11,388 7,726 5,731 4,108
2,760
20,290 14,188 9,614 7,479
4,978
15,552 10,770 7,230 5,870
4,022
1,862
1,699
1,671
3,369
2,516
1,137
2,234
1,471
22
44.45
69.85
50.8
76.2
COILED TUBING CABINS AND POWER UNITS

Rounding out the complete coiled
tubing package, cabins and power
units are available in a number of
standard configurations such as the
ones illustrated here. Each cabin
design can be completed with optional
features to suit the operators field
conditions. Power units are available
with hydraulic packages for open loop,
closed loop, and high-pressure open
loop configurations. While diesel
driven units are normal, electric driven
units are also available, as well as units
that are North Sea certified, and sound
enclosed.
Model 501 cabin

features large
interior floor
plan and multi
port powered
hose reels for
fast rig up/rig
down.
Model 401 cabin

is ideally suited
for land trailer or
barge operation.
Combination
cabin / power
pack design
stores all unit
hoses and
reduces
offshore
footprint.
Standard
diesel driven
skid mounted
power unit with
open loop
hydraulic
system.
Model 301 cabin

offers
intermediate
cabin space and
on board hose
bundle storage.
Model 201 cabin

is designed for
offshore operation
with limited
platform space.
North Sea
certified diesel
driven power
unit with highpressure
hydraulic
system.
L shaped
control panel
configuration
provides
superior control
and
monitoring
access.

Power Packs
Power Packs
Typical Power Pack Assembly

23

Power Packs
Hydra Rig offers the following types of CT power packs:

Standard Open Loop Power Pack
High Pressure Open Loop Power Pack
Closed Loop Power Pack
The various hydraulic circuits and their respective flow rates and pressures are shown in the
following table. Power packs found in the field may differ due to various customer requirements, upgrades as higher pressures and larger CT sizes evolved, and improvements over
the years. Therefore, the flow rates and pressures shown in the following table may differ
from those found on your CTU. The major difference lies in the injector drive circuits, consequently, Hydra Rig classifies their power packs according to the injector drive circuit being
utilized. All values shown in the chart below are typical.
Circuits
Function
Standard
Open Loop
Injector
runs the injector
double vane pump

30 : 60 gpm / 2000 psi, or
40 : 60 gpm / 2000 psi, or
30: 70 gpm / 2000 psi
Flush
flushes injector
(closed loop
pumps only)
runs the reel
Reel
Levelwind runs the levelwind
BOP
runs the BOP
Priority
Auxiliary
runs the controls in

the control cabin
runs the powered
hose reels, crane,
winch, etc.
High Pressure
Open Loop
120 gpm / 4600psi 120gpm / 4600psi
N/A
N/A
12gpm / 3000psi
27gpm / 2500psi
29gpm / 2500psi
27gpm / 2500psi
27gpm / 2500psi
29gpm / 2500psi
27gpm / 2500psi
12gpm / 2700psi
14gpm / 2700psi
12gpm / 2600psi
12gpm / 2100psi
14gpm / 2100psi
12gpm / 2800psi
27gpm / 2500psi
29gpm / 2500psi
12gpm / 2800psi
Standard
Open Loop
High Pressure Open

Loop
Max. Pressure (psi)
3,000
Injector Drive Pump
Fixed displacement
Double Vane Pump
5,000
Load Sensed, Variable
Displacement, Pressure
Compensating Piston
Pump
Injector Drive Circuit
Possible Pump
Flushing Circuit
4-Way Valve
Munson Tison Valve
(located in the cabin)
Closed
Loop
T6 Series
(T6CC, T6CR)
No
P16
No
Closed Loop
5,000
Bi-Directional, Variable
Displacement, Pressure
Compensating Piston
Pump
P11
P14
Yes
Yes
No
No
Ties into the

4-way valve
Ties into the load sensed

4-way valve
Ties directly
into the pump
24
Power Pack Hydraulic Schematics

Power Packs
The following contains hydraulic schematics for various power packs for your quick review.
Each power pack and their respective hydraulic circuits (i.e., injector, reel, levelwind, priority,
auxiliary, and BOP) are presented in their respective chapters.
Standard Open Loop

The standard open loop injector drive circuit utilizes a fixed displacement double vane pump
and a 4-way valve. The vane pump may be a Denison T6 Series pump actually consisting
of two vane pumps. The valve is a pressure compensating directional control valve that
controls the speed and direction of the injector motors.
The system is capable of operating at 3,000 PSI. The main relief valve is also set at 3,000
PSI. In simple terms, oil is taken from the tank, through the pump and valves, and to the
injector motors. Oil returns through a filter and air cooler and finally back to the tank.
Typical Hydraulic Schematic - Standard Open Loop Power Pack
25
Rotate page

Power Packs
High Pressure Open Loop

The high pressure open loop injector drive circuit utilizes a load sensed, variable displacement, pressure compensated piston pump which may be a Denison P16 pump (16 inch3/
revolution displacement). The system is capable of operating at 5,000 PSI. However, the
main relief valve is set at 4,600 PSI.
In simple terms, oil is taken from the tank, through the pump and valves, and to the injector
motors. The oil returns to the pump inlet (supercharging the pump) after passing through a
filter and heat exchanger. A pressure relief valve in the return line ensures oil that is not
required by the pump is routed back to the tank. This system does offer a couple of advantages over the closed loop system (even though this system is slightly more complicated).
The high pressure open loop system generates less heat, and can be used to power jacking
substructures / cylinders.
Typical Hydraulic Schematic - High Pressure Open Loop Power Pack
26
Closed Loop Power Pack

Power Packs
The closed loop injector drive circuit utilizes a bi-directional, variable displacement pressure
compensated piston pump. This may be a Denison P11 or P14 pump. The pump actually
consists of three pumps: main pump, charge pump (charges the main pump), and servo
pump (shifts the swash plate).
Typical Hydraulic Schematic - Closed Loop Power Pack
The system is capable of operating at 5,000 PSI. The main relief valve is set at 4,600 PSI.
This system is less complicated when compared to the high pressure open loop system. In
simple terms, oil is taken from the tank through the pump and valves, and to the injector
motors. Oil returns through a filter and goes directly back to the pump inlet (not to the tank).
A charge pump and auxiliary flushing circuit are always present to replenish fluid that leaked
from the high pressure elements into the pump's case and to add cool oil into the low side of
the loop to stabilize the oil temperature.
27
Rotate page
COILED TUBING CABINS AND POWER UNITS

Rounding out the complete coiled
tubing package, cabins and power
units are available in a number of
standard configurations such as the
ones illustrated here. Each cabin
design can be completed with optional
features to suit the operators field
conditions. Power units are available
with hydraulic packages for open loop,
closed loop, and high-pressure open
loop configurations. While diesel
driven units are normal, electric driven
units are also available, as well as units
that are North Sea certified, and sound
enclosed.
Model 501 cabin

features large
interior floor
plan and multi
port powered
hose reels for
fast rig up/rig
down.
Model 401 cabin

is ideally suited
for land trailer or
barge operation.
Combination
cabin / power
pack design
stores all unit
hoses and
reduces
offshore
footprint.
Standard
diesel driven
skid mounted
power unit with
open loop
hydraulic
system.
Model 301 cabin

offers
intermediate
cabin space and
on board hose
bundle storage.
Model 201 cabin

is designed for
offshore operation
with limited
platform space.
North Sea
certified diesel
driven power
unit with highpressure
hydraulic
system.
L shaped
control panel
configuration
provides
superior control
and
monitoring
access.

Control Cabins
Control Cabins
Hydra Rig Control Cabin
Various models of control cabins are offered by Hydra Rig (i.e., 201, 301, 401, and 501) as
shown in the following illustrations. These are the standards from which customers use and
change (if desired) to meet their specific needs. Hoses are stored in front of the cabin using
either a multiport hose reel or posts. Telescoping cabins that raise up and down are
optional. Large, roomy cabins with plenty of seating and desk space are also available.
28

Control Cabins
HR Model 201
HR Model 401
HR Model 301
HR Model 501
29

Control Cabins
Schematics
Control Cabin
30
Typical Upper & Lower Control Panels
Rotate page
Injector
31

Control Cabins

Control Cabins
Stripper / Packer
32
Blow Out Preventer
33

Control Cabins

Control Cabins
Reel & Levelwind
34
Rotate page
Hydraulics
Hoses

Hydraulics
The drawing below shows the general routing of the CTU hoses. Please refer to the following tables for standard hose numbers by component.
35

Hydraulics
Standard Hose Numbers by Component

Standard hose numbers stated by component are given below for a standard CTU. Please
note, this is for informational purposes only. To determine the correct hose numbers for your
coiled tubing unit, please refer to its respective Owner's Manual.
Tag #
A/C and Heater
Tag #
Cranes
76
A/C Drain
60
Case Drain
77
A/C Pressure
96
Return
78
A/C Return
93
Winch Pressure
114
Heater Supply
115
Heater Return
Tag #
Engine
Tag #
Pumps
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
82
83
Oil Pressure
Auxiliary Fuel --In
Auxiliary Fuel --Out
Throttle
Air Supply
Emergency Kill
Kill
Remote Permissive Start
Remote Engine Start
6
13
14
33
75
80
81
38
Priority
Injector Power --In
Injector Power --Out
Reel Pressure
Charge Pressure
Auxiliary --Pressure
Auxiliary --Return
Main Return
Tag #
BOP
Tag #
Hose Reel
1
2
Blind Ram---Open
Blind Ram---Close
4
15
A Reel --Pressure
A Reel --Return
26
28
Shear Ram--Open
Shear Ram--Close
100
B Reel --Return
29
30
Slip Ram--Open
Slip Ram--Close
27
31
Pipe Ram-- Open

Pipe Ram--Close
32
Wellhead Pressure
24
25
Stripper #1--Retract
Stripper #1--Pack
36
BOP Pressure
57
58
BOP #5---Close
BOP #5---Open
34
35
65
94
95
Auxiliary --Close
Auxiliary--Open
Inhibitor (Stripper)
Stripper #2--Retract
Stripper #2--Pack
Tag #
Power Swivel
Not Shown Here
36

Hydraulics
Tag #
Tubing Reel
Tag #
Injectors
33
37
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
61
62
63
64
66
67
68
73
79
84
85
87
89
90
116
117
51
52
Tubing Reel - Pressure

Tubing Levelwind Override - Pressure
Tubing Reel - Return
Tubing Reel - Brake
Tubing Reel - Circulating Pressure
Tubing Reel - Levelwind Forward
Tubing Reel - Levelwind Reverse
Reel Tension Control
Reel Pay - Out
Reel Pay - In
Reel Pivot - Extend
Reel Pivot - Retract
Levelwind Return
Inhibitor Bleed
Levelwind Supply
Inhibitor Reel - Internal
Reel Tubing Lubricator Supply
Tubing Lubrication
Tubing Reel Air Supply
Tubing Reel Drum Brake
Reel Brake Vent directly to Tank
Reel Brake Drain
Reel Case Drain
Hydraulic Levelwind Drive Return
Levelwind - Lower
Levelwind - Raise
Spool Load
Spool Unload
Ext Reel Plug Valve Actr - Close
Ext Reel Plug Valve Actr - Open
3
5
7
8
9
11
12
13
14
23
50
53
54
55
56
69
70
86
91
97
105
106
107
108
110
112
113
49
59
101
102
Case Drain
Injector Chain lubricator
Injector Bottom Traction
Injector Top Traction
Injector Middle Traction
Injector Emergency Brake
Injector Direction Forward
Injector Power In Hole
Injector Power Out Hole
Injector Pressure Adjust Pilot Hi
Injector Direction - Reverse
Injector Labe Supply
Injector Brake
Injector Two-Speed
Chain Tension
Injector Slow - Speed
Injector Slow-Speed Return
Injector Pump Press - Low Flow
Injector Pressure Adjust Pilot-low
Injector Slow - Speed Pilot
Injector Slow - Speed - Out
Injector Slow - Speed - In
Auto Driller - Pilot
Auto Driller
Injector Traction Bleed Pilot
Pipe Straighter - Retract
Pipe Straighter - Extend
Weight Indicator - Pipe Heavy
Weight Indicator - Pipe Light
Injector Tubing Guide Raise
Injector Tubing Guide Lower
37

Hydraulics
Common Hydraulic Symbols

strainer or filter
reservoir or tank
pressure gauge
temperature gauge
quick disconnects
(connected)
reservoir - connecting
lines above fluid level
reservoir - connecting
lines below fluid level
air cooler
liquid cooler
quick disconnects
(disconnected)
lines crossing over

each other (not
connected)
lines connected
cylinder - single rod
gas accumulator
detent - two position
mechanical actuator
push button actuator
lever
hydraulic pilot
air pilot
solenoid
switch - electrical
make/break
pump - fixed
displacement
pump - variable
displacement
pump - variable
displacement, pressure
compensated
pump - bi-directional,
variable displacement
fixed displacement
compensated
variable pressure
hydraulic motor - fixed

displacement
hydraulic motor bi-directional variable

displacement
hydraulic motor variable displacement
direction of rotation clockwise viewing shaft
bi-directional of rotation
spring
adjustable spring
open/close valve (2-way)
check valve
variable relief valve ex: R1E or Ful Flo

valve
adjustable orifice ex: needle valve
2 position valve
3 position valve
2-way valves (2 ports)
2 position, 2-way valve
pressure relief valve pressure to tank
2 position, 3-way valve 2 position, 4-way valve
sequence valve pressure sequences

another action
pressure reducing
valve
counterbalance valve
38
solenoid actuated valve
unloading valve - chk

valve to isolate from
system/external pilot
reqd

Hydraulics
Hydraulic Components
In order to comprehend how hydraulic fluid power can be applied, a basic understanding of
how it works and the components involved is necessary.
Hydraulic Oil
Although most brands of the same type of oil will mix without harm, the oil supplier should be
consulted before doing so. The chemical additives (i.e., rust inhibitors, foam suppressants,
and viscosity index impovers) may not be compatible. To be safe, only use new oil taken
from original factory containers.
Did you know that oil never "wears out." However, it can become so contaminated that it is
unfit for further use. Solids contaminating the oil can come from different places:
Solids left in the equipment components when the system was constructed.
Solids generated within the system (normal wear of moving parts and packing
deterioration).
Solids produced by chemical action (overheating).
Solid contaminants most often enter the hydraulic system from the outside (such as dirt).
Dirt is one of the worst enemies of a hydraulic system. Dirt can enter a system through
quick disconnects and tank vents. Dirt around a tank cap that is not wiped clean before
checking the tank level can fall into the reservoir. All reasonable precautions should be
taken to keep dirt from entering fluid lines and reservoirs. Even new oil may contain dirt, so
pour it through a strainer using a clean funnel or hose. Never add used, old, or unknown oil
to the system.
Viscosity is probably the most important characteristic of the hydraulic oil. Viscosity is a
measurement of the resistance of the oil's molecules to flow past one another (something
like the internal friction of the oil). Since oil viscosity changes with temperature, it is always
expressed at a reference temperature, usually 100oF. As oil gets colder, it becomes more
viscous (like honey). Cold weather damage usually comes from trying to run on oil which is
so cold that the pump cannot draw it through the feed line to its inlet.
As oil gets hotter, its becomes less viscous. Most oils begin to breakdown at temperatures
above 180F. At this temperature or higher, the viscosity may become so low that lubrication
of components may be inadequate, components like rubber seals and filter elements may
deteriorate rapidly, and power loss becomes high. Oil life is shortened at high temperatures
because many chemical reactions can occur such as oxidation (reaction with oxygen from
the air), and reactions with minute quantities of acids which were not removed during the
refining process or which formed from moisture condensing in the oil. The oil should never
exceed 200F.
The hydraulic industry treats all liquids (e.g., hydraulic oil and water) as non-compressible
substances even though they are ever-so slightly compressible.
Hydraulic Reservoir
The main function of the reservoir in a hydraulic system is to store and supply hydraulic fluid
for use by the system. A reservoir can also serve several secondary functions:
By transferring waste heat through its walls, the reservoir acts as a heat exchanger that
cools the fluids within.
The reservoir allows entrained air to rise and escape performing the function of a
deaerator.
The reservoir acts like a fluid conditioner by allowing the solid contaminants to settle to
the bottom of the tank.
A typical industrial reservoir is constructed of welded steel plates. The inside of the reservoir is painted with a sealer that is compatible with the fluid being used to reduce the chance
39

Hydraulics
of rusting caused by condensed moisture within the tank. A plug (usually magnetic) is
placed at a low point on the tank allowing complete drainage.
Clean-out plates are usually installed on both ends of the tank. This is especially true of reservoirs sized above ten gallons. The plates are easily removed and large enough to provide
complete access when the interior of the reservoir is being cleaned or painted.
Fluid returning to the reservoir is usually warmer than the fluid in the reservoir and probably
contains air bubbles. Baffles are used to prevent the returning fluid from directly entering
the pump inlet. A baffle plate is installed lengthwise through the center of the tank, forcing
the fluid to move along the reservoir walls, where much of the heat is dissipated to the outer
surfaces of the reservoir. This causes less turbulence which allows entrained air to escape
and contaminants to settle to the bottom.
A vented breather cap is installed to accommodate the air exchange that results from the
constant change of pressure and temperature within the tank. As the hydraulic cylinders
extend and retract, air is taken in and expelled through this filter. Generally, the breather
must be large enough to handle the airflow required to maintain atmospheric pressure,
whether the tank is empty or full (the higher the flow rate, the larger the breather). On a
pressurized reservoir, the breather is replaced by an air valve that regulates the tank pressure between preset limits. An oil bath air filter is sometimes used in atmospheres that are
exceptionally dirty.
The filler opening is often part of the breather assembly. The opening has a removable
screen that keeps contaminants out of the tank when fluid is being added to the reservoir. A
cap that will provide a tight seal should be chained to the reservoir. Another type of filler
opening is a quick-disconnect fitting screwed into a pipe that extends within a few inches of
the bottom of the tank.
Reservoir Oil Level

The oil level is checked using either a sight glass or two small transparent portholes installed
in the clean-out plates. This allows someone to check the upper and lower fluid levels without exposing the oil to contamination that can occur when using a dipstick.
Proper oil level in a hydraulic reservoir is essential for proper operation. The oil level should
be maintained 2" from the top of the tank. A low oil level will allow excessive condensation.
A high oil level will result in oil spillage due to expansion of hot oil.
Always open the access lid on the tank when filling the tank. The sight glass is not a very
reliable source of level indication when filling a tank.
Caution: When the hydraulic circuit includes a crane system make certain
the crane is in the proper stowed or transport position prior to filling the
hydraulic reservoir. If the oil contained in the extended cylinders is returned
to a full reservoir, extensive oil spillage will result and / or severe damage to
the hydraulic reservoir. The most common mistake is filling a tank to capacity
when the accumulators are charged with oil. When the accumulators are
emptied, the tank will overflow.
Draining Water from the Hydraulic Reservoir

Every unit supplied by Hydra Rig has a bottom drain that provides two functions.
1. Drain hydraulic oil from the tank when changing oil.
2. Drain water from the tank daily.
The proper procedure for removing water is to crack the drain valve open maybe turn and
let the water flow out of the tank. Opening the valve too much will give a false indication and
may allow only oil to be removed. If the valve is opened correctly, only water will come out.
When the water stops coming out, open the valve a little more and a mixture of water and oil
will appear. Continue this process until only oil is removed.
40

Hydraulics
This should be done every day, even if the unit is not in service. If the unit is running, it is not
possible to drain the water because it is mixed together with the hydraulic oil. The best time
to drain the water is every morning before starting the unit. Removal of the water will
increase the life of all hydraulic components.
Strainers and Filters

Solid contamination can be removed with suitable filters. Some people can detect grit by
feeling of an oil sample. But if grit can be detected in this way, the oil is already highly contaminated--determine the cause and rectify the problem.
There is no clear distinction between a strainer and a filter. A strainer is usually considered
to be a coarse filter (filtering larger particles) that can be cleaned and then re-used. Strainers are generally placed inside the hydraulic tank. A filter is much finer. Consequently, a filter element cannot be cleaned and reused--it must be replaced. As a rule-of-thumb, any
filter with a rating coarser than 40 micro-metre may be called a strainer (25 micro-metres =
0.001 inch). Don't forget, small particles may not be picked up on their first pass through the
filter (even within a fine filter) but may circulate many times before being caught.
It's good practice to filter the hydraulic oil while it is being added to the system. There are
many commercial filtration systems available on the market. Progressive filtration systems
are the best. The typical progressive system filters the oil to 50 micron, then to 30 micron,
and finally 10 micron. It is also good practice to recirculate the oil through this progressive
filter system at pre-established maintenance intervals.
Hydraulic Hoses
If ordering a hose, be sure and order a "hydraulic grade" hose. A hose is measured and
specified by its inside diameter. Its outside diameter will vary according to the number of
layers of wire braid and rubber which must be used to obtain the pressure rating. Hose life
is good but all rubber slowly deteriorates from contact with various substances such as solvents, water, ozone, and exposure to sunlight and heat. Hoses are not as permanent as
metal plumbing and should be replaced every few years.
Hydraulic Piping and Fittings

Pipe ratings for hydraulic pipe and tubing are rated schedule 40, 80, and 160.
Pipe fittings are a very important element of a hydraulic system. The first step to plumbing a
system is to minimize the pressure drops by ensuring the proper size fittings are included.
Every 90 turn adds a pressure drop. If designing a system, spend the time required to layout flow paths and minimize restrictions.
There are various fitting threads available:
37 JIC (straight thread)
SAE (straight thread backed-up by an O-ring seal)
NPT (pipe thread which is a tapered thread and seal)
Most systems are plumbed with JIC or SAE fittings. JIC is the thread of choice when using
hoses. JIC fittings provide a metal-to-metal seal and the most popular for all applications.
SAE fittings are more common than NPT fittings. SAE threads are backed-up by an O-ring
seal. Straight threads are susceptible to loosening on their own when subjected to high
vibration.
NPT fittings have a "tapered" seal and threads. The tapered threads can add to distortion in
valve bodies and other distortion-sensitive devices if overtightened. NPT threads will not
accept SAE threads and vice versa.
41

Hydraulics
Fluid Power Principals

How Fluid Power Works
The input source of power for a fluid system is always mechanical (engine) or electrical
(electric motor). The mechanical or electrical power is converted into an equivalent amount
(less pump leakage and internal friction) of fluid power by means of an a hydraulic pump.
After conversion to fluid power, suitable valving is added to control the direction of flow, regulate the rate of flow, and limit the maximum pressure. The fluid power is then converted
back to mechanical power by means of an actuator (hydraulic motor or cylinder).
Prime
Mover
Pump
Directional
Control
Valves
Pressure
Control
Valves
Motion
Control
Valves
Flow
Control
Valves
Actuator
engine
piston
2-way
relief
counterbalance
needle
hydraulic
motor
electric
motor
vane
3-way
unloading
flow control
cylinder
4-way
pressure
reducing
flow divider
gear
dump
sequence
The whole arrangement is called a fluid power circuit or fluid power system.
Advantages of Fluid Power
Ease and accuracy of control

Multiplication of force
Constant force or torque
Simplicity, safety, and economy
Instantly reversible motion
Practically no danger from overloading
Space savings
Work / Energy
Work can best be defined as a force exerted over a certain distance. Work is usually
expressed in units of foot-pounds or inch-pounds.
work (foot-pounds) = force (pounds) x distance (feet)
Energy is the capacity to do work and is expressed in the same units as work. You may be
familiar with three forms of energy: potential, kinetic, and heat.
When a 500-pound weight is raised and stops at a predetermined height, it has potential
energy--it is capable (has the potential) of doing work when it is lowered.
Kinetic energy is the energy that a substance has by virtue of its weight and velocity. A body
in motion has kinetic energy--it is also capable of doing work.
Energy that we lose to friction is transformed into heat energy.
Heat Energy
Heat is actually a form of energy. Used in a productive manner, heat can change liquid nitrogen into a gaseous phase. Can you think of an example when heat is not used in a productive manner? How about when hydraulic oil gets hot. Whenever oil goes from a higher
pressure to a lower pressure without doing mechanical work, heat is created. Actually, the
42

Hydraulics
kinetic energy is converted into heat energy. Examples would be oil flowing over a relief
valve, oil flowing through an orifice, internal slippage in a pump, and flow resistance in
plumbing. This heat is added to the oil and a large part dissipated in the reservoir or through
a heat exchanger.
When fluid changes direction in a pipe, a certain amount of kinetic energy is again changed
into heat energy. Consequently, power is lost when fluid either changes direction or when
heat is created and not used in a productive manner.
As a side note, the heat generated by oil flowing across a relief valve over a period of time
can be calculated with the following formula.
Heat (BTU / hr) = pressure (psi across relief) x flow rate (gpm discharge) x 1.4848
Power
Power, or horsepower, expresses the rate at which work is performed. The amount of power
(horsepower) transmitted through the fluid will depend on how fast the actuator (hydraulic
motor) moves. The faster the rate, the greater the horsepower.
power = work / time = (force x distance) / time
Power flows through a pipe only when the fluid is moving and when it is under pressure.
Unless both conditions exist, no power is being transferred. If the fluid is under pressure but
is not moving, only force is being transmitted (no matter how much pressure is showing on
the gauge) and the power flow is zero. When the fluid starts to move, power and force are
being transmitted.
force = pressure x area "or" pressure = force / area
area of a circle = 3.1416 x (radius)2 = 0.7854 x (diameter)2
A pressure gauge is the usually used to determine the pressure in the formula above.
Origin and Definition of "Horsepower"

Did you know that 1 horsepower is equivalent to a 150 pound weight raised a distance of
220-ft in one minute?
The use of "horsepower" as a unit of measurement has been around since 1879. Its origin
is credited to the Scotsman, James Watt. He invented the first steam engine that could turn
wheels. In those days, horses were used to raise water from the mines. In order to promote
the use of the steam engine, Mr. Watt had to tell the mine owners how many horses could be
replaced with the engine. He estimated that a very strong horse working at a steady average rate could lift a 150 pound load to a height of 220 feet in one minute's working time.
Thus, he defined a horsepower as 220-ft x 150-lb = 33,000 foot-pounds of work per minute
(or 550 foot-pounds per second). As it turned out, this estimate was higher than the average
horse could produce but the definition has continued up to the present time.
Hydraulic Pumps
A pump is a device for changing mechanical power from the prime mover (engine or electric
motor) into the same amount of fluid power, less friction and flow loss in the pump itself.
hydraulic horsepower = (psi x gpm) / 1714
The friction and flow loss are not taken into account in the above equation. This is usually
done by expressing a certain pump efficiency (e.g., 85% efficiency). The flow output of a
pump is directly proportional to shaft speed of the prime mover. If speed is increased by
50%, the flow output will increase by approximately the same amount.
A pump's primary purpose is to produce flow, not pressure.
43

Hydraulics
A pump can produce its rated flow at zero pressure and still fulfill its primary purpose. The
pump produces pressure only as a secondary function and only when a load or restriction is
placed against its flow--like blocking the end of a water hose. The pump will build up only
enough pressure to maintain its flow against the flow resistance. Therefore, pressure read
on a pressure gauge at the pump will be exactly proportional to the resistance which the
pump is working against.
Positive Displacement Pumps

A positive displacement pump is any kind of pump in which the internal working elements
make such a close fit together that there is very little leakage or slippage between them.
These include:
- piston pumps
- vane pumps
- gear pumps.
There are many variations of each but we will limit our discussion to the types of pumps
commonly used by Hydra Rig. Please note, centrifugal pumps are NOT positive displacement pumps.
Various pump features available on today's market are shown below.
- fixed displacement
- fixed displacement, bi-directional
- variable displacement
- variable displacement, bi-directional
- variable displacement, pressure compensated
- variable displacement, pressure compensated, load sensed (used on the Hydra Rig
high pressure open loop injector drive circuit such as a Denison P-16 pump)
- variable displacement, bi-directional, pressure compensated (used on the Hydra Rig
closed loop injector drive circuit such as a Denison P-14 pump.
A circle is the basic symbol for all pumps, both air and hydraulic. The triangle points toward
the pump outlet because fluid is flowing out of the pump (on a motor it points toward the circle center). A solid triangle indicates a hydraulic pump while an open center triangle indicates an air compressor. Two solid triangles pointing in opposite directions indicate a bidirectional pump (flow in the reverse direction is possible). A long slanted arrow drawn
through the circle indicates a variable displacement pump. A small arrow pointing toward
the pump outlet indicates a pressure compensated pump.
pump
fixed displacement
pump
pressure compensated
The reel, levelwind, priority,

auxiliary, & BOP circuits all
utilize a fixed displacement
vane pump.
The reel, levelwind, priority,

auxiliary, & BOP circuits can
utilize a variable displacement,
pressure compensated piston
pump.
High Pressure Open Loop
(piston pump)
Standard Open Loop

(double pump vane)
pump
pressure compensated
bi-directional
Closed Loop
(piston pump)
Various Types of Pumps Used by Hydra Rig
44

Hydraulics
Piston Pumps
The purpose of a positive displacement pump is to produce a flow of liquid. If this flow is
deadheaded (plugged), the pump will continue to produce a flow and pressure will continue
to rise. The pressure in the flow line will increase until something breaks (line, valve, or the
pump casting), or until the engine's horsepower limitation is reached. Consequently, a pump
must be "unloaded" rather than deadheaded when its flow is not needed. This may be
accomplished with a relief valve.
Piston pumps can be manufactured with closer internal fits than vane or gear pumps. This
means internal slippage can be less and the pump can operate with reasonable efficiency at
pressures both too high or too low for vane and gear pumps. All piston pumps have case
drain connections. Oil that by-passes the pistons accumulates in the case and lubricates
the moving parts. Never plug all the drain connections. This would cause a pressure buildup in the case and the shaft seal to blow out.
Variable Displacement Piston Pumps

The variable displacement feature allows you to remotely control the flow output of a specific
pump. This is desirable when you want to run more than one pump off a single engine. It's
also beneficial because less heat is generated in the hydraulic system--you only generate as
much flow as required.
In a CTU (coiled tubing unit) closed loop injector drive circuit, the injector speed is controlled
by the pump's swashplate angle which is controlled by the valve labeled "Injector Control In
/ Out" on the control panel (a valve built by Munson Tison or Gresen).
In a CTU high pressure open loop injector drive circuit, the pump has a variable displacement feature (swashplate). The swashplate angle is controlled by a load sensed 4-way
valve which is controlled by the Munson Tison.
In the illustration that follows, a variable displacement piston pump is shown with only one
piston inside a cylinder barrel. As a side note, this piston pump is also known as an axial or
in-line piston pump because the pistons are rotating about the same axis as the pump shaft.
Let's see how this pump works. An engine turns a shaft which turns the cylinder barrel. As
the cylinder barrel rotates, the piston is also forced to rotate. However, the piston is also
forced to ride along the surface of the swashplate (due to the placement of a shoeplate and
bias spring).
The swashplate does not rotate and can be positioned at various angles. As the cylinder
barrel rotates, the piston moves out of the cylinder barrel and generate an increasing volume. As the cylinder barrel completes its full rotation, the piston moves into the cylinder barrel and generates a decreasing volume.
Variable Displacement Piston Pump
45

Hydraulics
In actual practice, the cylinder barrel is fitted with many pistons. To separate the incoming
fluid from the discharging fluid, a port plate is positioned at the end of the cylinder barrel
opposite the swashplate.
The displacement is determined by the swashplate angle. By varying the angle, the pump's
output flow can be changed. The pump will develop no flow when the swashplate is centered.
Bi-directional Variable Displacement Piston Pumps

On a CTU, only the high pressure open loop injector drive circuit contains the bi-directional
feature. It also happens to have the variable displacement feature.
Some swashplates have the capability of crossing over center. This results in reverse flow
(as the cylinder barrel remains rotating in the same direction). These types of pumps are
referred to as bi-directional variable displacement piston pumps. You can see from the illustration that follows that the angle of the swashplate determines which ports are the inlet and
outlet.
Pump at Full Displacement
Pump in Center Position (No Flow)
Full Displacement (Reverse Flow)
Bi-directional Variable Displacement Piston Pump
Pressure Compensated, Variable Displacement Piston Pumps

On a CTU, the closed loop injector drive circuit AND the high pressure open loop injector
drive circuit contain the pressure compensated feature.
As the symbol shows, a small arrow inside the circle that points in the same direction as the
pump outlet represents a pressure compensating pump. The slashed arrow through the circle represents a variable displacement pump. As a side note, both piston and vane pumps
can have pressure compensating and variable displacement features.
The pressure compensator control automatically positions the swashplate to maintain a constant output pressure. Thus, the pump compensator control reduces pump output to only
the volume required to maintain a preset pressure (remotely set by using the R1E valve in
46

Hydraulics
the control cabin labeled "Injector Pressure Adjust"). If maximum pressure is obtained
(pump becomes overloaded), the compensator will reduce the pump displacement enough
(to zero displacement if necessary) to keep pressure from rising above the preset limit.
A pressure compensator protects:
- the pump and the entire system from being damaged by excessive pressure,
- the driving engine or motor from being overloaded and stalled, and
- overheating of the system.
Maximum flow is allowed only when pressure in the flow line is less than the compensator
setting.
Hydraulic Hand Pumps

Hand pumps are always of the piston type. Hand pumps generally serve as standby pumps
on hydraulic systems for emergency power if the main power input should fail. They are
capable of developing pressure just as high as power driven pumps although at a much
slower rate.
Vane Pumps
The vane pump is also a positive displacement pump. The illustration below shows a fixed
displacement vane pump. How does it operate? An engine will turn a shaft which is keyed
to rotor. Within the rotor are slots. These slots house vanes which are individually attached
by a spring. As the rotor rotates, the vanes are carried around by the rotor and kept in continuous contact with the cam surface by centrifugal force or other means.
Common service problems, other than shaft seal replacement may include occasional vane
or vane spring replacement, or replacement of the cam ring due to washboarding caused by
erosion at points of high pressure and high velocity.
Vane
Cam Ring
Rotor
Flow
Input
Return
Flow
Shaft
Vane Pump - Cross Sectional View
47

Hydraulics
Gear Pumps
Two steel gears rotate inside a housing. The "drive" gear (keyed to the shaft) meshes with
and turns the "driven" gear. Gear teeth make a tight sliding fit in the housing. As the gears
rotate, a flow path is created around the outside of each gear. A suction is created at the
inlet port as oil is carried away by the gear teeth. The oil is forced from the outlet port by the
oil coming in behind it. Meshing of the teeth in the center of the pump seals the outlet port
from inlet port. In most cases of a pump failure, the bearing fails first.
Gear Pump - Cross Sectional View
Pump Cavitation
A pump is said to be "cavitated" when inlet oil (for whatever reason) is not entirely filling the
cavities on the intake part of the pumping cycle. A dirty strainer or low oil level in the reservoir can cause cavitation. If the flow of oil is not sufficient to carry away the heat produced
by mechanical friction, damage to the pump bearings can occur. Lack of cushioning
between pumping elements may also cause impact damage. More pump and system failures occur due to cavitation than from any other single cause.
Pump Life Expectancy

Pump life varies between manufacturers and the type of application. Pump life will also
depend on factors such as system filtration, oil cleanliness, amount of side or end loading
permitted on the shaft, oil temperature, degree of cavitation at the pump inlet, and misalignment of the pump and motor shafts. Which do you have control over? The bearing life
depends on two factors: shaft speed and operating pressure.
Storing a Pump
If a pump is to be out of service for longer than 6 months, its case should be filled with oil
and the ports plugged before it is stored. A small air pocket should be left to allow for expansion of the oil if the pump will be subjected to heat.
Pump Speed
A pump becomes less efficient at lower speeds due to internal slippage. The amount of oil
lost is proportional to pressure, not to speed. At a low speed, overheating may occur
because pump flow may not be sufficient to carry away heat generated by the friction losses
and internal slippage. Consequently, rubber shaft seals can be damaged by excess heat.
Velocity vs. Flow Rate

Velocity refers to the speed of a fluid (how fast it travels) and may be expressed in feet per
minute or feet per second. It describes the distance traveled in a certain time frame.
Flow rate may be expressed in gallons per minute. Flow rate describes the volume of fluid
traveled in a certain time frame. A one gallon bucket may be filled in one minute (1 gpm)
48

Hydraulics
with either a fluid traveling at 5 fps through a large hose or with a fluid traveling at 10 fps
through a smaller hose. In both cases, the flow rate is still 1 gpm.
You may want to use one of the control valves discussed in the next section if you wish to
regulate the flow, flow direction and pressure into the bucket.
Control Valves
As fluid exits the pump, valves are used to control the fluid flow to the actuator. Control
valves can be classified into four groups.
- Directional control valves
- Pressure control valves
- Motion control valves
- Flow control valves
Prime
Mover
Pump
Directional
Control
Valves
Pressure
Control
Valves
Motion
Control
Valves
Flow
Control
Valves
Actuator
engine
piston
2-way
relief
counterbalance
needle
hydraulic
motor
electric
motor
vane
3-way
unloading
flow control
cylinder
4-way
pressure
reducing
flow divider
gear
dump
sequence
Directional Control Valves

As the name implies, directional valves start, stop, and control the direction of fluid flow.
You will commonly hear of valves referred to as 2-way, 3-way, and 4-way valves. This terminology refers to the number of active porting connections.
- Thus, a "2-way" valve has two main portholes.

- A "3-way" valve has three main portholes.
- A "4-way" valve has four main portholes.
The terminology "3-way" and "4-way" are a little misleading because it does not truly
describe the valve action.
On 3-way and 4-way valves, the inlet ports will be marked P (or P1 and P2 if there are two
inlets); outlet ports will be marked with the first letters of the alphabet (A, B, C, etc.); exhaust
ports will be marked T for tank.
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Hydraulics
2-Way Valves
2-way directional valves are simply used for "starting and stopping" fluid flow. Examples
include shut-off valves (ball valves, gate valves, and needle valves) and check valves. Port
markings show P for inlet and A for outlet.
2-way Valve
Several shut-off valves can be used in combination to control the direction of an actuator.
Occasionally, a shut-off valve is used in such a way that it becomes a flow control valve
(e.g., used to meter flow and shut it off).
3-Way Valves
Valves for controlling direction of movement of a cylinder or hydraulic motor have 3-way or
4-way action.
3-way Valve
The shuttle valve can be classed as a 3-way valve with no normal position. It has two inlets
(P1 and P2), and one outlet (A). It can accept flow from either of the two inlets. The inlet
with the higher pressure passes through to a single outlet while keeping the two inlet fluids
isolated from one another.
Outlet
Inlet
Inlet
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Hydraulics
Shuttle Valve
4-Way Valves
A 4-way valve is connected four ways into a circuit. It has four main ports: one pressure inlet
(P), two outlets (A and B), and one tank port (T). Port markings for auxiliary functions may
vary between manufacturers but many valves use the letter X for connecting to an external
pilot pressure source, and Y to indicate an external drain port.
4-way Valve
4-way valves have two (or more) grooves on the spool for handling two separate flows of the
same fluid at the same time. They are capable of controlling direction on double-acting cylinders or reversible fluid motors.
Sectional Valves
A sectional valve (or bank valve) is a composite of two or more valve sections bolted
together. They are intended for the operation of several branch circuits from one hydraulic
pump and will include a built-in pressure relief valve. On a CTU, a sectional valve is used in
the levelwind hydraulic circuit.
Normally Open / Normally Closed

A valve spool is moved to various positions by either manual, mechanical, electrical, pneumatic, or hydraulic force. Various types of manual actuators include levers, push buttons,
and pedals as depicted below.
detent
mechanical actuator
push button actuator
lever
solenoid
spring
The terms "normally closed"

and "normally open"
are frequently used. These
terms describe the condition of the inlet port (whether open to flow or closed to flow) when
the valve is in its non-actuated or de-energized state. Valves which do not have internal
springs do not have a "normal" position. When shifted, they remain in this state until shifted
to another position.
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Hydraulics
Detents
A detent is a locking device to keep a spool in the desired shifted position. In the illustration
below, the ball is forced out of one notch and into another notch when the spool is shifted.
2-Position Detent
Direct-Acting Solenoid Valves

These valves use a solenoid for shifting the valve spool. The solenoid armature is directly
linked to the spool and provides the necessary push or pull "muscle" for shifting. In a single
solenoid valve, the spool is driven in one direction by the solenoid force and in the other
direction by a spring after the solenoid is de-energized. The single solenoid valve operates
on a "maintained" electrical signal to stay in its shifted position. Breaking the signal allows it
to return to its "normal" position.
Pilot-Operated Solenoid Valves

For the main spool to shift, the solenoid must be energized, and in addition, sufficient pilot
pressure must be present to furnish shifting power.
Dump Valves
A dump valve (e.g., ball valve, needle valve, etc.) is a valve used to dump oil back to the
hydraulic tank.
Sequence Valves
A sequence valve is a valve used in a sequential action (causing a sequence of events). Its
purpose is to maintain a pre-determined minimum pressure in the primary line while the secondary (or sequential) operation takes place. Sequence valves are primarily used on nitrogen units.
Pressure Control Valves

Pressure control valves limit system pressures to a maximum or regulate reduced pressures
in certain portions of a circuit. Various pressure control valves are stated below.
relief valves
unloading valve
pressure reducing valves
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Hydraulics
It is not uncommon to hear a relief valves or unloading valve referred to as "by-pass" valve.
These two valves are 2-way, normally closed valves. Let's look at each valve separately to
gain a better understanding.
Relief Valves
A relief valve limits the maximum level to which the system pressure is permitted to rise. It
acts as a "safety valve." Virtually every kind of positive displacement pump should be protected with a relief valve. It is a 2-way, normally closed valve. It remains closed until the
pressure from the pilot line rises to the relief setting providing a path for the oil to return to
the tank (while maintaining the pressure in the flow line at or below the relief valve setting
pressure).
The pressure setting in a pressure control valve is usually varied with a screw adjustment
which compresses or decompresses a spring.
Resisting
object
Direct-acting relief valves can actually serve many purposes. They may also be used to
pilot a larger relief valve, to supplement a pressure compensated pump, or act as a cushioning device.
Simple Hydraulic Circuit With a Direct Acting Pressure Relief Valve
A direct-acting relief valve uses a spring to hold the poppet on its seat. When the pressure
in the flow line exceeds the spring pressure, the poppet is lifted off its seat so that flow can
be diverted to the tank.
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Hydraulics
A pilot-operated relief valve uses pressure from the flow line to hold the poppet on its seat.
975 PSI
25 PSI SPRING
990 PSI
PILOT DART UNSEATED
1000 PSI
VALVE RELIEVING
Pilot-Operated Relief Valve
Most valves have an RC (remote control) or vent port of small size located on the crosshead. At the option of the user, the RC port can be used for remote control of the action of
the main poppet. If not used, it should be plugged.
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Hydraulics
Unloading Valves
Generally speaking, an unloading valve is a directional valve. It operates in one of two definite positions, open or closed. However, its purpose is to unload the pump--to divert pump
flow directly to the tank in response to an external pressure signal. Therefore, it might better
be thought of as a pressure control valve.
Worded differently, an unloading valve is a normally closed valve which directs flow to the
tank when a set pressure is maintained on its pilot port.
Unloading Valve
On a CTU, an unloading valve can be found on the BOP circuit to both limit the maximum
pressure and unload the pump when the desired accumulator pressure is reached. Consequently, the accumulator pressure may be maintained between 2700 psi and 3000 psi at all
times. An unloading valve can also be found in the priority circuit on the control panel.
Unloading Valve in BOP Circuit
Pressure Reducing Valves
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Hydraulics
A pressure reducing valve is the equivalent of a pressure regulator in a compressed air system. It is a normally open valve which maintains a reduced pressure in part of the circuit
while the remainder of the system operates at full pressure. Stated in another way, The
pressure reducing valve limits the maximum pressure at its outlet regardless of the inlet
pressure.
Primary
Port
Secondary
Port
High
Pressure
Reduced
Pressure
Pressure Reducing Valve
A pressure reducing valve senses fluid pressure after it has passed through the valve. As
pressure downstream equals the setting of the valve, the spool is partially closed causing a
restricted flow path. Example: The inlet will maintain 3,000 psi while the outlet will maintain
435 psi.
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Hydraulics
Troubleshooting Procedures
Hydraulic System Check
This section describes a step-by-step check for hydraulic systems which have previously
been working satisfactorily but developed trouble--usually within the previous 24-hour working period.
Figure 2.21 Simple Hydraulic Circuit
This circuit is typical of many industrial fluid power systems. Any major component (pump,
relief valve, cylinder, 4-way valve, or filter) could be at fault. In a highly sophisticated system, there are other minor components which could be at fault but these possibilities are too
numerous to be covered in this brief discussion. By following this organized step-by-step
procedure, the problem can usually be traced to a general area, then if necessary, each
component in that area can be tested or can be temporarily replaced with a similar component known to be good. It makes good sense to first check the areas which give the most
trouble on most systems--so this is how we'll start.
To checkout the system, at least one pressure gauge is necessary and should be installed in
the pump pressure line as shown.
Step 1 - Pump Inlet Strainer

The trouble most often encountered in the field is cavitation of the hydraulic pump--caused
by a build-up on the inlet strainer. It can even happen on a new system after a few hours of
operation. The symptoms include an increased pump noise, loss of high pressure, and / or
cylinder speed.
If there is not a strainer located in the pump inlet line, it will usually be found immersed below
the oil level in the reservoir. Some operators are not aware of a strainer in the reservoir (if
they are, they do not clean it regularly). A dirty strainer restricts flow into the pump and may
cause the pump to fail prematurely.
The inlet strainer should be removed and cleaned whether or not it appears dirty. Some
clogging materials are hard to see. If there are holes in the mesh or other obvious physical
damage, a new strainer should be installed. Wire mesh strainers can be cleaned effectively
with an air hose, blowing from the inside out. They should be washed in a solvent, using a
bristle brush. If possible, use a mineral spirits solvent. One brand is sold under the trade
name of Stoddard Solvent. If no safe solvent is available, and if necessary to use a hydrocarbon solvent such as kerosene, work outdoors and far away from open flame or other heat
source. Never use highly flammable solvents such as gasoline, lacquer thinner, naphtha,
etc. After cleaning with solvent use an air hose to blow out all the remaining solvent.
When re-installing the strainer, inspect all joints in the inlet plumbing for air leaks, particularly
at union joints. There must be no air leaks in the inlet line. Check the tank oil level to be
57

Hydraulics
sure it covers the top of the strainer by at least 3-inches (which is with all cylinders
extended). Notice the condition of the inlet hose (if one is used). A partially collapsed hose
or one with internal swelling has the same effect as a clogged inlet strainer.
Step 2 - Pump and Relief Valve

If cleaning the pump strainer does not correct the trouble, isolate the pump and relief valve
from the rest of the system by disconnecting the plumbing at Point B and capping both ends
of the disconnected lines. This deadheads the pump into the relief valve. First, back off the
relief valve then start the pump and watch the gauge for a pressure build-up as the relief
valve adjustment is tightened. If full pressure can be developed, obviously the pump and
relief valve are operating correctly and the trouble is further down the line. If full pressure
cannot be developed, or if the pressure is erratic, continue with Step 3.
Step 3 - Pump or Relief Valve?

Further testing must be done to determine whether the pump is worn out or if the relief valve
is malfunctioning.
Discharge from the relief valve tank port must be observed. If possible, disconnect the tank
return line for the relief valve at Point C. Attach a short length of hose to the relief valve outlet. Hold the open end of the hose over the tank filler opening where the rate of flow can be
observed. Start the pump and run the relief valve adjustment up and down while observing
the relief valve discharge flow. If the pump is bad, a full stream of oil may possibly be
observed when the relief valve is backed off but this stream will greatly diminish or stop as
the relief valve setting is increased. If a flowmeter is available, the flow rate can be measured and compared with the catalog flow rating of the pump.
If a flowmeter is not available the flow can be estimated by discharging the stream into a
clean container over a measured time interval. However, even without any measurement of
the flow volume, a bad pump is indicated if discharge flow varies widely as the relief valve
adjustment is run up and down. The discharge flow should be fairly constant at all pressure
levels, dropping off slightly at higher pressures.
If the relief valve discharge line cannot be disconnected, a person can place his hand near
the discharge opening inside the tank and can detect a large change in the flow volume as
the pressure is varied.
If the flow decreases as the relief valve setting is raised, and only a moderate but not full
pressure can be developed, this may also indicate pump trouble. Proceed to Step 4.
During this test if gauge pressure does not rise above a low value, 100 to 200 PSI, and if the
discharge flow remains constant as the relief valve adjustment is tightened, the relief valve
may be at fault and should be cleaned or replaced as instructed in Step 5.
Step 4 - Pump
If a full stream of oil is not obtained in Step 3, or if the stream diminishes markedly as the
relief setting is raised, the pump is probably worn out. Assuming that the inlet strainer has
been cleaned and the inlet plumbing has been inspected for air leaks and collapsed hoses,
the pumped oil is slipping inside the pump from the outlet back to the inlet. The pump may
be worn out or the oil may be too thin. High temperature in the oil will cause it to become
thin and slip excessively. High slippage within the pump will cause it to run much hotter than
the oil in the tank. In normal operation (with a good pump), the pump case may run 20 to
30 F higher than the temperature in the oil tank. If greater than this, excessive pump slippage may be the cause.
Also, check for a sheared shaft key, broken shaft, broken coupling, loosened set screw, slipping belts, and other possible mechanical causes.
Step 5 - Relief Valve

If Step 3 has indicated the relief valve may be at fault, the quickest proof is to temporarily
replace it with one known to be good. The faulty valve may later be disassembled and
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Hydraulics
cleaned. Pilot-operated relief valves have small internal orifices which may become blocked
with dirt. Use an air hose to blow out all passages and pass a small wire through the orifices. Also, check for free movement of the spool or poppet. Pipe thread connections in the
body cause the spool to bind. If possible, check for spool binding before unscrewing
threaded connections. While testing on the bench, screw pipe fittings tightly into the port
threads.
Step 6 - Cylinder
If the pump will develop full pressure while deadheaded into the relief valve in Step 2, both
components are good. Test cylinder piston seals if applicable.
Step 7 - Directional (4-Way) Valve

If the cylinder has been tested for piston leakage and found to have reasonably tight piston
seals, the 4-way control valve may be checked for excessive spool leakage. It is rare that a
valve becomes so worn that the pump cannot build up full pressure, but it can happen.
Symptoms of excessive leakage in the valve spool include a loss of cylinder speed while
having difficulty in building up full pressure (even with the relief valve adjusted to a high setting). This condition is more likely to happen when using a pump with small displacement
operating at very high pressure, and might have developed gradually over a long time.
Valve spool leakage can be checked.
Other Components
If the above procedure does not reveal the trouble, check other components individually.
Usually the quickest and best troubleshooting procedure is to replace suspected components one at a time with similar ones known to be good. Pilot-operated solenoid valves
which will not shift out of center position may have insufficient pilot pressure available.
Troubleshooting Hydraulic Pumps

The pump is the component subjected to the most wear and the one most likely to give trouble. On systems where the pump has to be replaced more often than seems necessary, one
or more of the following problems may be the cause.
Pump Cavitation
Cavitation is the inability of a pump to draw a full charge of oil either because of air leaks or
restrictions in the inlet line. When a pump starts to cavitate, its noise level increases and it
may become very hot around the shaft and front bearing. Other symptoms of cavitation are
erratic movement of cylinders, difficulty in building up full pressure, and a milky appearance
of the oil. If cavitation is suspected, check these following points of interest.
1. Check conditions of the pump inlet strainer. Clean it even if it does not look dirty.
Varnish deposited in the wire mesh may be restricting the oil flow but may be almost
invisible. If brown varnish deposits are found on the internal surfaces of the pumps
or valves, this is a sure indication that the system has been operating at too high a
temperature. A heat exchanger should be added.
2. Check pump inlet strainer size. Be sure the original strainer has not been replaced
with a smaller size. Increasing its size (number of square inches of filtering surface may
help on some systems where the original size selection was marginal.
3. The use of a higher quality oil may reduce formation of varnish and sludge.
4. Check for restricted or clogged pump inlet plumbing. If hoses are used, be sure they
are not collapsed. Only hoses designed for vacuum service should be used at the pump
inlet which have an internal wire braid to prevent collapse.
5. Be sure the air breather on the reservoir is not clogged with dirt or lint. On systems
where the air space above the oil is relatively small, the pump could cavitate during
its extension stroke if the breather became clogged.
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Hydraulics
6. Oil viscosity may be too high for the particular pump. Some pumps cannot pick up
heavy oil on prime or will run in a cavitated condition. Cold weather start-up is particularly damaging to a pump. Running a pump across a relief valve for several
hours to warm up the oil can severely damage the pump if it is running in a cavitated
condition during this time.
7. Determine recommended pump speed. Be sure the original motor has not been
replaced with one which runs at a higher speed.
8. Be sure the pump has not been replaced with one which delivers a higher flow. This
might overload the inlet strainer.
Air Leaking Into the System

The air which is in a newly assembled system will purge itself after a short time. The system
should be run for perhaps 15 to 30 minutes under very low pressure. Air will dissolve in the
oil (a little at a time) and be carried to the reservoir from where it can escape. Of course, this
process can be accelerated by bleeding air from high points in the system.
Air which comes into the system from continuous air leaks will cause the oil to assume a
milky appearance a short time after the system is started, but the oil will usually become
clear in about an hour after shut-down. To find where air is entering the system, check the
following points of interest.
1. Be sure the oil reservoir is filled to its normal level and that the pump intake is well
below the minimum oil level.
2. Air may be entering around the pump shaft seal.
3. Check for air leaks in the pump inlet plumbing (specially at union joints). An easy
way to check for leaks is to squirt oil over a suspected leak. If the pump noise
diminished, you have found your leak. Check also around the inlet port. Screwing a
tapered pipe fitting into a straight thread port will damage the thread, causing a permanent air leak which is next to impossible to repair.
4. Air may be entering through the rod seal of a cylinder.
5. Be sure the main tank return line discharges well below the minimum oil level and not
on top of the oil. On new designs, it may be helpful to enlarge the diameter of the
main return line a few feet before it enters the tank. This causes oil velocity to decrease
which minimizes turbulence in the tank.
Water Leaking Into the System

Water leaking into the system will cause the oil to have a milky appearance while the system
is running but the oil will usually clear up in a short time after the pump is shut down as water
settles to the bottom of the reservoir. Water usually enters a system in the following two
ways.
1. Condensation on the interior surfaces of the reservoir which are above the oil level.
This is almost unavoidable on systems operating in environments where ambient
temperature changes from day to night. During periods when the reservoir walls are
cooler than the surrounding air, condensation may take place if ambient humidity is
fairly high. Since water settles to the bottom of the reservoir, the practical solution is
to daily or weekly tap off this water through the drain valve. This should be done
after the pump has been shut down long enough for the water to settle.
2. A leak in a water cooled (shell and tube) heat exchanger may leak water into the oil if
water pressure is higher than pressure of the oil being cooled.
Oil Leakage Around the Pump

1. Leakage Around the Shaft
There is usually a slight internal pressure behind the shaft seal on piston pumps and
other pumps which take inlet oil from an overhead reservoir. As the seal becomes well
worn, external leakage may appear. This will usually be more pronounced while the
pump is running and may disappear while the pump is stopped.
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Hydraulics
Other pumps such as gear and vane types usually run with a slight vacuum behind the
seal. A worn-out seal may allow air to leak into the oil while the pump is running and
oil to leak out after the pump has been stopped.
Prematurely worn shaft seals may be caused by excessive oil temperature. At oil
temperatures of 200 F and higher, a rubber shaft seal will have a very short life.
Abrasives in the oil may wear out shaft seals quickly, and may also produce circumferential scoring on the shaft. Check all crevices and cracks in the reservoir where
dust could enter. The most common entry point is through the reservoir air breather.
2. Leakage Around a Pump Port
Sometimes leakage at these ports may be caused by damaged threads (e.g.,
screwing a taper pipe thread fitting into a straight thread port). Once the threads
have been damaged it is very difficult ever to obtain a leaktight seal.
Check the tightness of the fittings in the ports. If a sealant is used, we recommend
Teflon Sealant which comes in the form of a paste. We do not recommend Teflon tape.
Beware of screwing taper pipe threads too tightly into a pump or valve body casting.
In the past this has been the cause for many cracked pump housings.
3. If leakage is from a small crack in the body casting, this has most likely been caused
by over-tightening a taper pipe fitting, or from operating the pump in a system where
either the relief valve has (at some time) been adjusted too high, or where high
pressure spikes have been generated as a result of shocks. While it is possible for
the casting to have been manufactured defective, this has rarely turned out to be the
cause.
Pump Noise Has Recently Increased

1. Cavitation of pump inlet. Refer to corrective measures previously described.
2. Air leaking into the system from low oil or other causes previously described.
3. Mechanical noise caused by loose or worn coupling, loose set screw, badly worn
internal parts, etc.
4. System may be running with oil temperature too high.
5. Pump may be running at higher than rated speed.
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Hydraulics
Glossary
-AAccumulator
A container in which fluid is stored under pressure as a source of fluid power.
Actuator
A device for converting hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. A motor or
cylinder.
Aeration
Air in the hydraulic fluid. Excessive aeration causes the fluid to appear milky
and components to operate erratically because of the compressibility of the
air trapped in the fluid.
-BBleed-Off
To divert a specific controllable portion of pump flow directly to the tank.
By-Pass
A secondary passage for fluid flow.
-CCharge Pressure
The pressure at which replenishing fluid is forced into the hydraulic system
(above atmospheric pressure).
Check Valve
A valve which permits flow of fluid in one direction only.
Circuit
An arrangement of components interconnected to perform a specific function within a system.
Counterbalance Valve
A pressure control valve which maintains back pressure to prevent a load
from falling.
Cracking Pressure
The pressure at which a pressure actuated valve begins to pass fluid.
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Hydraulics
-DDirectional Control Valve

A valve which selectively directs or prevents fluid flow to desired channels.
-EEnergy
The ability or capacity to do work. Measured in units of work.
-FFlow Control Valve

A valve which controls the rate of oil flow.
Flow Rate
The volume, mass, or weight of a fluid passing through any conductor per
unit of time.
Fluid
A liquid or gas or
A liquid that is specifically compounded for use as a power-transmitting
medium in a hydraulic system.
Force
Any push or pull measured in units of weight. In hydraulics, total force is
expressed by the Pressure and the Area of the surface on which the pressure acts:
Force = Pressure x Area
Four-way Valve
A directional valve having four flow paths.
-HHeat
The form of energy that has the capacity to create warmth or to increase the
temperature of a substance. Any energy that is wasted or used to overcome
friction is converted to heat. Heat is measured in calories or BTUs. One
BTU is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of
water one degree Fahrenheit.
Horsepower (HP)
The power required to lift 550 pounds, one foot in one second. A horsepower is equal to 746 watts or 42.4 BTUs per minute.
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Hydraulics
Hydraulic Balance
A condition of equal opposed hydraulic forces acting on a part in a hydraulic
component.
Hydraulics
Engineering science pertaining to liquid pressure and flow.
-IIntensifier
A device which converts low pressure fluid power into higher pressure fluid
power.
-KKinetic Energy
Energy that a substance or body has by virtue of its mass (weight) and velocity.
-MManual Override
A means of manually actuating an automatically controlled device.
Motor
A device which converts hydraulic fluid power into mechanical force and
motion. It usually provides rotary mechanical motion.
-PPascals Law
A pressure applied to a confined fluid at rest is transmitted with equal intensity throughout the fluid.
Pilot Pressure
Auxiliary pressure used to actuate or control hydraulic components.
Pilot Valve
An auxiliary valve used to control the operation of another valve. The controlling stage of a 2-stage valve.
Poppet
That part of certain valves which prevents flow when it closes against a seat.
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Hydraulics
Positive Displacement
A characteristic of a pump or motor which has the inlet positively sealed from
the outlet so that fluid cannot re-circulate in the component.
Power
Work per unit of time measured in horsepower (hp) or watts.
Power Pack (Power Unit)

An integral power supply unit usually containing a pump, reservoir, relief
valve, and directional control valves.
Pressure
Force per unit area; usually expressed in pounds per square inch (psi).
Pressure Compensated Flow Control Valve

A flow control valve which controls the rate of flow independent of system
pressure.
Pressure Drop
The difference in pressure between any two points of a system or a component.
Pressure Line
The line carrying the fluid from the pump outlet to the pressurized port of the
actuator.
Pressure Override
The difference between the cracking pressure of a valve and the pressure
reached when the valve is passing full flow.
Pressure Reducing Valve

A valve which limits the maximum pressure at its outlet regardless of the inlet
pressure.
Pump
A device which converts mechanical force and motion into hydraulic fluid
power.
-RRelief Valve
A pressure operated valve which by-passes pump flow to the reservoir while
limiting system pressure to a predetermined maximum value.
Replinish
To add fluid to maintain a full hydraulic system.
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Hydraulics
Reservoir
A container for storage of liquid in a fluid power system. Also referred to as a
tank.
Return Line
A line used to carry exhaust fluid from the actuator back to pump.
- SSequence
The order of a series of operations or movements.
To divert flow to accomplish a subsequent operation or movement.
Sequence Valve
A pressure operated valve which, at its setting, diverts flow to a secondary
line while holding a predetermined minimum pressure in the primary line. A
valve whose primary function is to direct flow in a pre-determined sequence.
Shutoff Valve
A valve which operates fully open or fully closed.
Slip
Internal leakage of hydraulic fluid.
Spool
A term loosely applied to almost any moving cylindrical shaped part of a
hydraulic component which moves to direct flow through the component.
Suction Line
The hydraulic line connecting the reservoir to the pump inlet port.
Surge
A transient rise of pressure or flow.
System Pressure
The pressure which overcomes the total resistance in a system. It includes
all losses as well as useful work.
-TTank
The reservoir or sump.
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Hydraulics
Torque
A rotary thrust. The turning effort of a fluid motor usually expressed in inchpounds.
Two-Way Valve
A directional control valve with two flow paths.
-UUnload
To release flow (usually directly to the reservoir); to prevent pressure being
imposed on the system or portion of the system.
Unloading Valve
A valve which by-passes flow to tank when a set pressure is maintained on
its pilot port.
-VValve
A device which controls fluid flow direction, pressure, or flow rate.
Velocity
The speed of flow through a hydraulic line expressed in feet per second
(fps).
The speed of a rotating component measured in revolutions per minute
(rpm).
Vent
To permit opening of a pressure control valve by opening its pilot port (vent
connection) to atmospheric pressure.
An air breathing device on a fluid reservoir.
Viscosity
A measure of the internal friction or the resistance of a fluid to flow.
-WWork
Exerting force through a definite distance. Work is measured in units of force
multiplied by distance (e.g., pound-foot).
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Hydraulics
68
Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Vaporization Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Water Pump (also referred to as the Coolant Pump) ...................
Vaporizer ......................................................................................
Heat Exchangers..........................................................................
Engine Heat Exchanger ...............................................................
Exhaust Heat Recovery................................................................
Power Control Valve and Back Pressure Valve ...........................
Water Brake .................................................................................
4
4
4
7
7
7
7
Controls & Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Nitrogen Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Acceptable Vacuum Levels ..........................................................
Pressure Ratings..........................................................................
Filling The Tank............................................................................
Saturated LN2 ..............................................................................
10
10
11
12
Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Nitrogen Pumps & Vaporizer Systems - Literature
SKID MOUNTED NITROGEN PUMP

AND VAPORIZER SYSTEMS
Patented Heat Recovery Design
Our patented heat recovery nitrogen pump and
vaporizer system is an example of the
engineering excellence that has placed us at
the forefront of nitrogen pumping technology.
NPS180HR10: 180,000 SCFH / 10,000 PSI.
Sound enclosed engine for reduced db level.
Unused engine horsepower and waste system

heat are converted to usable heat through the
use of a dynamometer (water brake).
Utilization of the dynamometer eliminates the
fired vaporizer and hydraulic engine loading
systems of conventional units, reducing fuel
costs, maintenance and down time. The result
is a safe, dependable unit capable of operating
under the most demanding oilfield conditions.
NPS60HR10: 60,000 SCFH / 10,000

PSI. Compact, light weight, ideal for
coiled tubing applications.
Complete Unit Line

Units are available ranging from flow rates of
60,000 SCFH to 540,000 SCFH in the patented
heat recovery design. Truck and trailer
mounted for land operation, or skid mounted
for combination land and offshore use. All units
are available with full certification where
necessary, including DNV and BP200
certification, for the demanding conditions
required of equipment operating in the North
Sea.
Advantages
NPS540HR10: 540,000 SCFH / 10,000 PSI

operating pressure. Patented dynamometer design.
Proprietary safety shutdown systems for industrial
compliance. Ideal for both oilfield and industrial
applications.
NPS180HR10: 180,000 SCFH / 10,000 PSI

operating pressure, patented dynamometer design.
DNV and BP200 certified for North Sea use.
Patented Dynamometer Heat Recovery

Vaporizer System
Rated for continuous oilfield service,
independent of ambient temperature
conditions
Greater Flow rate turn down capability
Fewer Controls - completely mechanical
control system provides maximum
reliability and minimum maintenance, for
simple start-up and one man operation
Special dual seal on liquid nitrogen
centrifugal boost pump eliminates costly
boost pump down time
Greater fuel efficiency than competitive
systems
Pump Saver - a monitoring instrument to
prevent loss of LN2 triplex pump prime
and expensive cold end damage
The New Standard

Leadership in an industry must be earned. By
maintaining an ongoing research and
development effort, our Team has combined
existing design with innovative new
technology to produce the new standards of
the industry in Nitrogen Pumping and
Vaporization systems. Efficient, dependable,
safe, and built to perform in the field year after
year.
TRUCK MOUNTED NITROGEN PUMP

Down-To-Earth Engineering
Down-to-earth oilfield engineering is
what made Hydra Rig the worlds
largest manufacturer of coiled tubing
equipment. And that same down-toearth engineering is at work for you in
our nitrogen pumping systems.
No matter how they are used, these

nitrogen pumping systems will meet
the toughest standards of oilfield
performance, simply because they
have more oilfield tough in their
design than any other system on the
market.
Offering the latest technology in both fired and non fired designs
660,000 SCFH, 10,000 PSI working

pressure, fired vaporizer system, with
climate controlled operators cabin.

pressure, fired vaporizer system, 2000
gallon nitrogen storage vessel.

pressure, fired vaporizer system, 2000
gallon tank with above deck controls.
150,000 SCFH, 10,000 PSI

working pressure, heat
recovery vaporizer system,
controls located for ground
operation.

pressure, heat recovery vaporizer system,
with above deck operator controls.

pressure, heat recovery vaporizer
system, with 2500 gallon tank.
540,000 SCFH, 10,000 PSI working pressure,

fired vaporizer system, 2,000 gallon tank,
controls located for ground operation.
Performance and Precision

From the addition of field iron racks to the simple accessibility of its components,
oilfield engineering is evident in every aspect of the design and operation of
these units. The result is performance you can rely on, dividends you can count
on. And those are two good reasons to see what a little down-to-earth, oil field
engineering can do for you!
TRAILER MOUNTED NITROGEN PUMP

Basic Design
The standard features of the Nitrogen
Pump and Vaporizer Systems are also
available in trailer mounted units as well
as skid and truck mounted. Standard
systems are available from 60,000 SCFH
to 1,000,000 SCFH, in both fired and heat
recovery vaporization designs. Models
NP600 and NP200 Nitrogen Triplex
Pumps utilize low friction roller bearings
and a dry sump lubrication system to
operate at 0-900 RPM, significantly
extending the systems range.
1,000,000 SCFH, 10,000 PSI working pressure,

fired vaporizer system, controls mounted topside
for operator visibility.
180,000 scfh, 10,000 PSI working pressure, heat recovery vaporizer system, 2,500
gallon nitrogen storage vessel.
Special attention was given to the

design of the operators control panel.
Operation of the unit has been
simplified without reducing any of the
systems integrated control functions.
With foresight gained from years of
field experience, the functional,
accessible layout of all components
contributes to the overall efficiency,
operator control, and maintenance.
1,000,000 SCFH, 5000 PSI working pressure, fired
vaporizer system, enclosed operators control cabin.
LIQUID NITROGEN STORAGE TANKS

Offshore and land Based
LN2 storage tanks are offered for both
offshore and land operation. Our LN2
tanks are in operation around the world
and are specifically designed for
oilfield service with features necessary
to insure safe, dependable and
efficient operation.
2,000 gallon offshore tank: Protective lift

frame, aluminium canopy, front and rear fill
connections, ISO corner locks, 4 leg sling
assembly.
General Features:
Offshore tank: General piping

and connections arrangement.
4,000 gallon portable / offshore tank:

Protective lift frame, topside access
ladders, front and rear fill connections, ISO
corner locks.
Nominal 2,000 US gallon capacity

43 PSI maximum working pressure
Super Insulation
Service temperature -320oF
ASME coded inner vessel
Special Features / Offshore Tanks
Standard sizes: 2000, 3000, & 4000 gal.

Skid mounted with protective lift frame
Fork lift pockets
Stackable design
Front and rear fill connections
Recessed aluminum top
ISO twist lock corners (top and bottom)
SS gauge panel
(2) LN2 hose storage tubes
Aluminum star-fin pressure building coil
SS drip pan under LN2 connections
All SS piping with bronze globe valves
North Sea certification available
LN2 transport truck: 4,000 gallon

capacity, hydraulically powered
centrifugal transfer pump, piping
enclosure.
Nitrogen Pumping Equipment

Specifications
Hydra Rig Nitrogen Unit Model 180HR10
Specifications
Nitrogen Pumping Skids
Model: NPS90HR10
Vaporization
H2O Brake
Method
Engine
DD6V-92TA
N2 Pump
HR-NP200
Coldends
1 1/4
Working
10,000 psi
Pressure Max.
HydrostaticTest 15,000 psi
180HR10
180HRH10
360HR10
540HR10
H2O Brake
Hydraulic
H2O Brake
H2O Brake
DD8V-92TA
CAT3406
DD12V-92TA
DD16V92-TA
HR-NP200
HR-NP200
HR-NP600
HR-NP600
1 5/8
1 5/8
2 3/8
10,000 psi
10,000 psi
10,000 psi
10,000 psi
20,000 lbs
15,000 psi
180,000 scfh/
3,000 minute
22,000 lbs
15,000 psi
180,000 scfh/
3,000 minute
17,500 lbs
15,000 psi
360,000 scfh/
6,000 minute
36,000 lbs
15,000 psi
540,000 scfh/
9,000 minute
36,000 lbs
160
168
132
264
264
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
90,000 scfh/
Flow Rate, Max. 1,500
minute
Weight
Length
Width
Height

Vaporization Process
Typical Hydraulic Schematic

Heat generated by the unit (engine water, hydraulic oil, and lube oil) is transferred to a coolant mixture via the:
- Lube heat exchanger,
- Hydraulic heat exchanger, and
- Engine heat exchanger.
On larger units (360k or bigger), an optional exhaust heat recovery is also utilized. However, these are not found on the 90k and 180k units.
And finally, some heat is generated by a water brake (commonly referred to as the dyno or
dynomomter). The water brake consists of friction plates (rotors and stators). As the coolant mixture passes through these friction plates, it becomes hotter.
The coolant mixture is a mixture of water and glycol. A larger percentage of water is used in
desert locations where freezing is not a problem. Please note, the ratio of water to glycol will
affect the performance of the unit. If you alter this ratio, your unit will perform differently.
Why? Because water transfers heat better than glycol. The glycol is required to prevent
components from rusting and the water from freezing.
The heat from the coolant mixture must now be transferred to the nitrogen. This takes place
at the heat exchanger commonly referred to as the vaporizer.
Consider the coolant tank as the starting point while tracking the coolant mixture around the
unit. The coolant mixture is taken from the tank, into the water pump to be pumped to the
vaporizer (entering in a "heated" state but leaving in a much "cooler" state). Next, the coolant mixture flows through the lube, hydraulic, and engine heat exchangers. From there, fluid
can be diverted to the water brake (during operations) and finally back to the coolant tank.
Simple View of the Coolant Flow Path

Water Pump (also referred to as the Coolant Pump)

This is a positive displacement vane pump which propels the coolant mixture through the
coolant circuit.
Vaporizer
This is the only point where heat is transferred to the nitrogen. Liquid nitrogen enters the
vaporizer (at approximately -320F) through a piece of stainless tubing. Inside the vaporizer, the tubing is coiled tightly together so that a large amount of tubing is inside. Nitrogen
exits the vaporizer in a gaseous state (maximum approximately 120F).
Also entering the vaporizer is the coolant mixture which floods the vaporizer and flows
around the tubing bundle at a pressure of 80 to 150 psig.
The gaseous N2 temperature is controlled by the:
- Liquid N2 flow rate through the triplex cold ends, and
- the inlet coolant mixture temperature and flow rate. This coolant loop temperature is
manually controlled to maintain a steady input to the vaporizer between 100 to
140F (maximum 180F).
This discharge gas is normally measured in SCFM (Standard Cubic Feet per Minute) or
SCMM (Standard Cubic Meters per Minute) and shown on the control panel as the Pump
Rate. This "nitrogen discharge rate" is a calculated figure using a magnetic pickup reading
from the triplex (measuring the number of strokes) multiplied by an efficiency factor (e.g.,
87%), and displayed in SCFM or SCMM. Note, there is no flow meter to monitor the exact
amount of gas being pumped into the well.
Heat Exchangers
There are two basic types of heat exchangers utilized:
- the shell and tube heat exchanger (on new units), and
- the plate heat exchanger (on older units).
Both function virtually the same. A heat exchanger normally has two isolated fluid paths. As
two different temperature fluids flow through these paths, the higher temperature fluid gives
up heat to the fluid at the lower temperature.
In the shell and tube type heat exchanger, the colder fluid flows through a tube. This tube is
tightly wrapped inside the shell. The warmer fluid enters the shell and surrounds the tube.
Consequently, the fluid inside the tube becomes warmer.
Lube Heat Exchanger

When the coolant mixture leaves the vaporizer, it passes through the lube heat exchanger.
The coolant mixture is cooler than the lubrication oil passing by it. Consequently, a percentage of the heat from the lubrication oil is transferred into the coolant mixture. It's main purpose is to control the lube oil tank temperature.
In cold weather, a reverse heat exchange is possible--the coolant loop (warmed by use of
the water brake) transfers heat to the lube oil. This is desirable because it allows the unit to
warm up faster, thus being able to start operations sooner.
Hydraulic Heat Exchanger

After leaving the lube heat exchanger, the coolant mixture enters the hydraulic heat
exchanger. This allows the coolant mixture to absorb additional heat created from the
hydraulic circuit. However, the hydraulic heat exchanger's main purpose is to control the
hydraulic tank temperature.

Water Plumbing Installation
In cold weather, a reverse heat exchange is possible--the coolant mixture (containing fluid
warmed by use of the water brake) transfers heat into the hydraulic oil. This is desirable
because it allows a cold unit to warm up faster, thus starting operations sooner.

Typical Coolant Schematic

Engine Heat Exchanger

(not the radiator)
After leaving the hydraulic heat exchanger, the coolant mixture enters the engine heat
exchanger. This allows the coolant mixture to absorb additional heat created by the engine
"cooling" system (radiator water). It also helps control the engine temperature. The amount
of heat transfer varies depending on the horsepower draw or the engine load.
If the engine is having to work hard, it will generate more heat in the radiator system. This
heat is transferred to the coolant mixture and transferred again to heat the LN2 to a gas.
For example, the engine is capable of producing 540 horsepower. If you are pumping at
maximum rate and 1,000 psi discharge pressure, you may only use 200 horsepower to drive
the triplex. Little heat is created by the engine. Therefore, the water brake will have to be
used.
However, if you are pumping at maximum rate and 10,000 psi discharge pressure, you may
use 350 horsepower to drive the triplex. More heat is created by the engine. Consequently,
the water brake is used less or not at all.
Exhaust Heat Recovery

(Optional on larger units)
Some larger nitrogen units (360,000 SCFH and larger) may use water cooled manifolds or
an exhaust heat exchanger or both. By use of secondary or direct heat exchangers, the
exhaust heat is transferred into the coolant fluid.
Power Control Valve and Back Pressure Valve

The "Back Pressure Valve" is set at Hydra Rig for maximum performance and should not be
adjusted. It is set to the required pressure to feed the water brake via the "Power Control
Valve." It also allows the coolant mixture to go directly back to the coolant tank.
Coolant mixture going to the water brake is controlled by the "Power Control Valve." If the
"Power Control Valve" is closed, the water brake is still lubricated with the coolant mixture
through the "Bleed Water" line.
Remember, the water pump (or coolant pump) is a positive displacement vane pump. If it is
running and both valves are closed, something will fail.
Water Brake
Hydra Rig commonly refers to the water brake as the "dynamometer," "dyno," or "hydromatic
brake." These terms are often used interchangeably.
The water brake consists of "friction plates" or rotors and stators. When the engine is running, the rotors are always turning. The speed of the rotors is controlled by the speed of the
engine. However, the operator should not adjust the engine rpm up and down but rather
open and close the "Power Control Valve" to control the heat of the coolant mixture.

Typical Hydraulic Schematic
Controls & Indicators

Controls & Indicators
Control Panel For A "Standard" Closed Loop System
Most of the controls and indicators needed to control the system are contained on the control panel (some behind, below, or beside the panel). The panel shown below is a "standard" control panel.

Nitrogen Tanks
Nitrogen Tanks
Nitrogen tanks consist of two tanks (a stainless steel inner and carbon steel outer tank). The
tank piping is made of stainless steel while the fittings are made of cast bronze.
Insulation is placed between the two tanks to keep the inner vessel as cold as possible. The
insulation is either perlite or super-insulated material. You will find old tanks that used perlite. New tanks are manufactured with the super-insulated material (40 layers of fiber paper
and aluminum).
A vacuum is pulled between the tanks to get rid of all the air. Air will transfer heat. The vacuum level can be checked at any time using a special electronic gauge which measures in
microns. The vacuum is pulled by connecting a vacuum machine to the evacuation valve on
the front of the tank.
Hydra Rig Nitrogen Tank
Acceptable Vacuum Levels

1. For perlite-insulated tanks:
- 200 microns or less while cold (with LN2 in the tank), or
- 800 microns or less while warm (without LN2 in the tank).
2. For super-insulated tanks:
- 50 microns or less while cold (with LN2 in the tank), or
- 200 microns or less while warm (without LN2 in the tank).
Low pressure tanks will typically lose about 0.75% of LN2 per day.
Pressure Ratings
Most inner vessels are not designed to withstand external pressure (i.e., 2 psi may be
enough to collapse the inner vessel). The inner vessel is made of stainless steel. It is pressure tested to 1 1/2 times working pressure.
10

Nitrogen Tanks
During a job, a common low pressure tank pressure should be maintained at approximately
30 psig. This can be monitored by using the pressure gauge labeled TANK PRESSURE.
The main popoff attached to the tank is set by Hydra Rig at 43 psig. There are also two
burst discs valves (one is optional) attached to the tank which are set at 53 psig as an added
safety feature. These burst discs are made of aluminum and plastic. While transporting the
tank, the road relief valve is used. It is set at 15 psig.
The small curved relief valves on the fill, fill / drain, and recirculation lines are set at 200 psi.
Filling The Tank

How full do you fill the tank? Connect your N2 supply to one of the fill lines, open the trycock, and begin filling the N2 tank. Stop filling the tank when LN2 comes out of the trycock.
When this happens, the tank is approximately 95% full. This leaves room for gas expansion.
A gauge on the tank labeled TANK CONTENTS will show the amount of LN2 in the tank
measured in "inches of water." A chart is placed on the tank to convert this measurement to
gallons. To use this gauge correctly, the three small valves below the gauge (Equalizer
Valve, Liquid Valve, and Gas Valve) should all be open.
43 psi
Relief
V alve
Burst
Discs
Vent
Re lief
Road
Re lief
Re lief
Valv e
V aporizing Co ils
Rea r
Fill
Fill / Drain
F ront
Fill
Try cock
Eva cuation
Re circulation
P re ssure Building
Nitrogen Tank
43 psi
Relie f
Valve
Burst
Disc s
Ve nt
Relie f
R oad
Relief
Relief
Va lve
Re ar
Fill
Fill / Drain
Front
Fill
Trycoc k
Ev acu ation
Recirc ula tion
Pressu re Building
Nitrogen Tank
11

Nitrogen Tanks
Saturated LN2
While sitting idle, the LN2 in a tank will gradually absorb heat and generate pressures up to
the relief valve setting. This will slightly increase the temperature of the LN2--causing vapor
to coexist within the LN2. As the tank becomes hotter, the pressure increases, the LN2
becomes hotter, and more LN2 changes to a gas. This gas remains trapped within the LN2-referred to as saturated nitrogen. Saturated nitrogen means that gas and liquid are in equilibrium at a certain pressure and temperature--it may be a lot of gas or it may be a little gas
depending on the pressure and temperature.
There is another reason the LN2 becomes hotter in the tank. Heat is introduced into the
LN2 while it is being circulated with the boost pump (due to friction and piping in direct contact with the atmosphere). Consequently, even more LN2 changes into a gaseous state.
Actually, the warmer gas coexists within the colder LN2--this is what we refer to as "hot
LN2."
When the "hot LN2" is recirculated back into the top of the tank. You may hear someone
say that "air bubbles enter the tank." It is not air but nitrogen gas entering the tank.
The saturated LN2 will create problems trying to keep the boost pump and cold ends
primed. You will have to blow down the tank (vent all the gas off), and then pressure up the
tank again to get rid of the vapor trapped in the LN2. The illustration below may help you
understand.
"Boiling nitrogen" or "LN2 boiling" refers to the condition when the surrounding area is
warmer than the LN2. While the LN2 tries to cool the surrounding area it looks like a pot of
water boiling on the stove.
N2 Gas
15 psi
15 psi
HOT LN2
-310 F
(too much vapor
in the LN2)
WHILE VENTING
N2 Gas
10 psi
10 psi
LN2 Boiling
-315 F
(vapor escapes out
of the LN2)
AFTER VENTING
N2 Gas
0 psi
0 psi
Cold LN2
-320 F
(most of the vapor is no
longer in the LN2)
READY TO PUMP
30 psi
N2 Gas
Cold LN2
30 psi
-320 F
(vapor escapes out
of the LN2)
Inside A Nitrogen Tank
12

Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting
(A) Engine Starter Not Turning Over
Probable Cause
Remedy
No Air Pressure
Faulty Start Button
Check Diaphragm Valve
(Dump Valve to Starter) to be
sure it is opening and delivering air supply to starter
Check system air pressure

Insure start valve is pressurizing diaphragm valve
Remove air pilot line and push start button. If good air pressure and
volume comes through pilot line, re-install pilot line. Remove supply
hose to starter, push start button. If diaphragm valve opens and discharges large air volume, the valve is all right
If you are sure starter is getting good air volume and pressure, but
starter will not turn, remove and repair or replace as necessary.
Starter seized
(B) Engine Cranks But Will Not Start

Probable Cause
Remedy
Slow cranking speed
Refer to A
Using starting aid (ether) below 15F. Check engine manual to be certain ether starting is approved
Check fuel tank level, fuel filters, fuel lines, valves, supply and return,
and fuel pump
Low ambient temperature

Engine not getting fuel
Check Normal Kill cylinder to
see if it is stuck in Kill position
Throttle linkage binding
Poor quality fuel, incorrect
fuel or water in fuel
Improper oil viscosity
Check the Emergency Kill
Flapper to see if it is in
closed position.
Repair or remove and replace normal kill cylinder

Check linkage and make adjustments as necessary
Drain fuel, change filters, and replace fuel
Drain oil, change filters, and replace oil
Reset Emergency Kill Flapper.
(C) Engine Misfiring

Probable Cause
Remedy
Poor quality fuel

Air in fuel system
Broken or leaking fuel lines
Restrictions in fuel lines
Low fuel pressure
Defective fuel injectors or
pump
Drain fuel, change filters, and replace fuel

Check for air in fuel system mainly on suction side of fuel pump.
Check for fuel leaks and replace defective parts
Check fuel flow. Replace fuel lines as necessary
Check fuel level and kinks in fuel lines. Change fuel filters
Contact authorized engine repair representative
(D) Engine Stalls

Probable Cause
Remedy
Fuel tank vent plugged

Low fuel supply
High parasitic loading (e.g.,
LN2 pump hydraulic pump
speed control.)
Check tank vent and repair as necessary

Refer to C, Item 5
Check for engine loading during starting
(E) Erratic Engine Speed

Probable Cause
Remedy
Air leaks in fuel suction line

Throttle linkage loose
Engine governor problems
Check for air leaks and repair as necessary

Check throttle linkage
Contact authorized repair representative
13

Troubleshooting
(F) Low Power

Probable Cause
Remedy
Restrictions in air intake system, clogged air filter

Poor fuel quality
Damaged or restrictions in
throttle linkage
Emergency Kill Flapper partially closed
Normal Kill cylinder partially
extended
Check air pressure in air inlet manifold. Replace air filter and make
necessary repairs to air system
Refer to B, Item 6
Check linkage, adjust or replace if necessary
Check Flapper, reset or repair as necessary
Reset cylinder or Repair as needed
(G) Engine Over-Heating

Probable Cause
Remedy
Coolant level low

Expansion tank cap
Defective thermostat
Defective coolant pump
Fan not engaging fully (full
RPM) or turning
Determine cause, replace defective parts and replace coolant

Replace expansion cap
Replace thermostat
Replace coolant pump
Inspect fan speed. Repair as necessary
(H) Low Engine Oil Pressure

Probable Cause
Remedy
Coolant level low

Expansion tank cap
Defective thermostat
Fan not engaging fully (full
RPM) or turning
Determine cause, replace defective parts and replace coolant

Replace expansion cap
Replace thermostat
Replace coolant pump
Inspect fan speed. Repair as necessary
Probable Cause
Remedy
Oil leakage, low level

Incorrect oil viscosity
Defective oil gauge
Clogged oil filter
Defective oil pump
Check for leaks and repair as necessary

Drain oil, change filters and replace oil
Replace oil gauge
Replace oil and filters
(I) Oil In Coolant

Probable Cause
Defective oil cooler core or
seals
Blown head gasket
Remedy
(J) Coolant In Oil

Probable Cause
Defective oil coolant core or
seals
Blown head gasket
Cylinder sleeve seals failure
Remedy
14

Troubleshooting
(K) Low Flow Rate To Unit From LN2 Tank

Probable Cause
Remedy
Low tank pressure

Supply valve not fully open
Return valve closed or partially closed
Suction strainer on LN2 tank
clogged
Suction strainer on skid
clogged
Clogged piping or transfer
hoses
Increase tank pressure

Open valve fully on LN2 tank and skid
Open valve fully on LN2 tank and skid
Clean or replace strainer
Clean or replace strainer
Inspect piping and hoses to insure free flow
(L) Moisture In Stem Packing

Probable Cause
Remedy
Moisture in stem packing
Thaw valve and dry out packing
(M) Boost Pump Will Not Turn

Probable Cause
Remedy
Hydraulic valve closed at

boost pump
Open valve
Locked up from ice formation
Turn the shaft coupling with a pipe wrench. Do not use excessive force.
If pump will not turn, thaw out and dry out pump
Suction valve to hydraulic

pump closed
Open valve
Defective hydraulic pump
Disconnect motor supply hose. Plug hose and cap motor. Test pump
pressure if pump does not build pressure. Check system relief valve. If
relief valve is all right, remove and replace pump
(N) Triplex Pump Will Not Rotate

Probable Cause
Over pressure shutdown is
active or tripped
No hydraulic charge pump
pressure
Check pump drive coupling to
insure drive components are
not slipping off input shaft
Check main system pressure. If pressure rises above
required to drive Triplex, one
of the following is locked up:
Hydraulic drive motor, Reduction gear box or Triplex pump
Remedy
Reset to operating position
Check flushing valve by plugging off outlet flushing valve. If pressure is
good, remove flushing valve and repair or replace as required
Replace damaged or broken drive coupling
Remove Triplex dump drive coupling. Attempt to rotate Triplex. If
hydraulic motor and reduction gear box rotate, the Triplex is locked up.
If the motor and reduction gear box do not turn, remove motor from the
gear box and attempt to rotate motor. If the hydraulic motor rotates,
the gear box should be repaired or replaced. If the hydraulic motor
does not turn, repair or replace the hydraulic motor
(O) Water Brake Will Not Build Heat In The Coolant Circuit
Probable Cause
Remedy
Check hydraulic drive system. If hydraulic system is turning pump, but

Coolant pump is not operating
pump is not building pressure, repair or replace coolant pump
Check return filter for blockage. Check lines for obstructions. Check
Coolant pressure too high and
back pressure system for closed gate valve or malfunctioning back prescoolant flow output low
sure relief valve
Open water brake load valve enough to reduce RPM of engine by 200
Water brake inlet valve is not
RPM. If it is not possible to reduce engine RPM by 200 RPM, remove
supplying the water brake
water brake supply hose and measure supply flow at maximum engine
properly
RPM. Flow must be 25 GPM to generate full load at the water brake
After checking all of the above,
Contact Hydra Rig Customer Service Department for technical support
unit will not perform
For properties and uses of Nitrogen, please see the General Section of this handbook
15

Troubleshooting
16

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NITROGEN PUMPING EQUIPMENT

VARCOS COILED TUBING GROUP OF COMPANIES

COILED TUBING HANDBOOK

PIPE DATA, TABLES & CHARTS

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Coiled Tubing Calculations

COILED TUBING HANDBOOK

This CD contains a Microsoft Excel workbook for performing

Fractional Decimal Equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Nitrogen Properties & Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25