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}\viewkind1\viewscale100\margl0\margr0\margt0\margb0\deftab80\dntblnsbdb\expshrt
n\paperw11900\paperh16820{\bkmkstart Pg1}{\bkmkend Pg1}\par\pard\ql \li2534\sb0\
sl-612\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2534\sb0\sl-612\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2534\sb0\sl
-612\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2534\ri1802\sb378\sl-612\slmult0\tx4127 \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex82 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs68 DISCRETE-TIME SIGNALS \line \tab \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex76 AND SYSTEMS \par\pard\ql \li1526\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \pa
r\pard\ql\li1526\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1526\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\
i1449\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\par\pard\li1449\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\par\pard\li1449\sb0\
sl-253\slmult0\par\pard\li1449\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\par\pard\li1449\sb242\sl-253\s
lmult0\fi0\tx6302\tx9763 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs2
0 14\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Discrete-Time
Signals and Systems\tab \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex100 Chap. 2\par\pard\li1430\s
b0\sl-253\slmult0\par\pard\li1430\sb166\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx8875 \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex115 The sequence oscillates with an exponentially growing envelope if
Ian\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 > 1 or with an\par\pard\li1430\sb30\sl-253
\slmult0\fi0\tx5606 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 exponentially decaying envelope
if icy I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 < 1. (As a simple example, consider t
he case\par\pard\li1430\sb68\sl-253\slmult0\fi182 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 o
= 7.)\par\pard\qj \li1430\ri1323\sb0\sl-300\slmult0\fi576 \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex114 When ice I = 1, the sequence is referred to as a \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\
fs22 complex exponential sequence \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 and \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex114 has the form \par\pard\li2755\sb41\sl-310\slmult0\fi0\tx9811 \dn3
\expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 x[n] = lAlei("Dn+0) = \ul0\
nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 IA I cos(coon +\ul0\nosupersub\cf31\f32\fs26 0) + j\{ AI
sin(coon + 0);\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (2.1
5)\par\pard\qj \li1425\ri1319\sb89\sl-288\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex1
09 that is, the real and imaginary parts of \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 eic"n \u
l0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 vary sinusoidally with \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 n.
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 By analogy with the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 con
tinuous-time case, the quantity coo is called the \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 fr
equency \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 of the complex sinusoid or \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex111 complex exponential, and \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 (r \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf3\f4\fs22 is called the \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 phase. \ul0\nosupersub
\cf3\f4\fs22 However, note that \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 n \ul0\nosupersub\cf
3\f4\fs22 is a dimensionless \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 integer. Thus, the dim
ension of coo must be radians. If we wish to maintain a closer \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex112 analogy with the continuous-time case, we can specify the units of \
ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 coo \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 to be radians per \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 sample and the units of \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 n
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 to be samples. \par\pard\qj \li1430\ri1323\sb0\sl-29
0\slmult0\fi580 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 The fact that \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f
5\fs22 n \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 is always an integer in Eq. (2.15) leads to
some important differences \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 between the properties
of discrete-time and continuous-time complex exponential se\up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex116 quences and sinusoidal sequences. An important difference between contin
uous-time \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 and discrete-time complex sinusoids is se
en when we consider a frequency \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 (coo \ul0\nosupersub
\cf3\f4\fs22 + 27). \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 In this case, \par\pard\ql \li4
358\sb112\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs
22 x[n] = Aei(a)0+270n\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw9655\colsr16
0\colno2\colw1945\colsr160\ql \li5131\sb131\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex111 Aeiwoneizgn = Aeic"n\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb0\sl-198\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (2.16) \par\pard\sect\sectd\s
bknone \qj \li1440\ri1318\sb102\sl-290\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 More
generally, we can easily see that complex exponential sequences with frequencie
s \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 (coo + 27r), where \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 r
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 is an integer, are indistinguishable from one anothe
r. An identical \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 statement holds for sinusoidal sequ
ences. Speciically, it is easily veriied that \par\pard\ql \li4281\sb143\sl-299\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 x[n] = A cos[(a
) 0 + 2irr)n + \ul0\nosupersub\cf31\f32\fs26 0]\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols
2\colno1\colw9651\colsr160\colno2\colw1949\colsr160\ql \li4790\sb95\sl-299\slmul
t0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 = A \ul0\nosupersub\
cf3\f4\fs22 cos(coon + \ul0\nosupersub\cf31\f32\fs26 0).\par\pard\column \ql \li
20\sb0\sl-198\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (
2.17) \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1435\ri1318\sb132\sl-290\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 The implications of this property for sequences obtained
ation of the output for a given input. Speciically, suppose that, for a given in
put \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 xp[n], \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf3\f4\fs22 we have determined by some means one output sequence \ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf5\f6\fs24 yp[n], \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 so that an equa\up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex116 tion of the form of Eq. (2.82) is satisied. Then the same equati
on with the same input \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 is satisied by any output of
the form\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw9684\colsr160\colno2\colw
1916\colsr160\ql \li4847\sb0\sl-299\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li4847\sb19\sl-299\slm
ult0 \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs24 Y[n] = Yp[n] + \u
l0\nosupersub\cf31\f32\fs26 yh[n],\par\pard\ql \li1468\sb205\sl-276\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 where \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f
6\fs24 yh[r] \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 is any solution to Eq. (2.82) with \ul0
\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs24 x[n] = \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 0, i.e., to the equat
ion\par\pard\ql \li4934\sb398\sl-529\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\n
osupersub\cf57\f58\fs46 E\ul0\nosupersub\cf31\f32\fs26 akyh[n\u8212?k] =0.\par\p
ard\ql \li4939\sb0\sl-144\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f11\f12\fs16 k=0\par\pard\column \ql \li9849\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li
25\sb46\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
(2.93)\par\pard\ql \li9844\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li9844\sb0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \par\pard\ql \li9844\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li9844\sb0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb50\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 (2.94)
\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1463\ri1282\sb87\sl-280\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex107 Equation (2.94) is referred to as the \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\
f6\fs24 homogeneous equation \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 and \ul0\nosupersub\cf5
\f6\fs24 yh[n] \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 the \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs24 homog
eneous \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 solution. \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 The se
quence \ul0\nosupersub\cf31\f32\fs26 yh[n] \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 is in fac
t a member of a family of solutions of the form \par\pard\li4977\sb0\sl-333\slmu
lt0\par\pard\li4977\sb174\sl-333\slmult0\fi0\tx5836\tx9840 \dn2 \expndtw-11\char
scalex79 \ul0\nosupersub\cf31\f32\fs26 yh[rz]\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs46 E \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs24 Anizm.\tab \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex107 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (2.95)\par\pard\ql \li5812\sb1\sl208\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 m=1 \par\p
ard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16820{\bkmkstart Pg30}{\bkmkend Pg30}\par\
pard\li1478\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\par\pard\li1478\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\par\pard\li147
8\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\par\pard\li1478\sb221\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx2620\tx10204 \up
0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Sec. 2.5\tab \up0 \expndt
w-5\charscalex100 Linear Constant-Coeficient Diference Equations\tab \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex107 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 37\par\pard\qj \li1478\sb0\sl-280\
slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1478\ri1290\sb135\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x112 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Substituting Eq. (2.95) into Eq. (2.94) shows t
hat the complex numbers zni must be roots \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 of the po
lynomial\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw6363\colsr160\colno2\colw5
237\colsr160\ql \li5255\sb157\sl-506\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex86 \ul0\no
supersub\cf10\f11\fs44 E\ul0\nosupersub\cf36\f37\fs44 akzk\par\pard\ql \li5265\s
b0\sl-144\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 \ul0\nosupersub\cf29\f30\fs16 k=0
\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb57\sl-506\slmult0\tx3356 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex4
5 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs44 0.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf3\f4\fs22 (2.96) \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1478\ri1285\sb67\sl-2
86\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 Equation (2.95) assumes that all \ul0\no
supersub\cf4\f5\fs22 N roots \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 of the polynomial in Eq
. (2.96) are distinct. The \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 form of terms associated
with multiple roots is slightly diferent, but there are always \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex118 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 N \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 undetermi
ned coeficients. An example of the homogeneous solution with multiple \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex114 roots is considered in Problem 2.38. \par\pard\qj \li1478\ri1
275\sb0\sl-285\slmult0\fi580 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 Since \ul0\nosupersub\
cf4\f5\fs22 yh[n] \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 has \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 N
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 undetermined coeficients, a set of \ul0\nosupersub\c
f4\f5\fs22 N \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 auxiliary conditions is \up0 \expndtw0\
dtw0\charscalex117 theory of discrete-time signals and systems. For linear timeinvariant systems, we saw \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 that a representation of
the input sequence as a weighted sum of delayed impulses \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex115 leads to a representation of the output as a weighted sum of delayed impul
se responses. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 As with continuous-time signals, disc
rete-time signals may be represented in a number \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 of
different ways. For example, sinusoidal and complex exponential sequences play
a \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 particularly important role in representing discr
ete-time signals. This is because com-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 plex ex
ponential sequences are eigenfunctions of linear time-invariant systems and the
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 response to a sinusoidal input is sinusoidal with t
he same frequency as the input and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 with amplitude a
nd phase determined by the system. This fundamental property of \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex116 linear time-invariant systems makes representations of signals in t
erms of sinusoids or \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 complex exponentials (i.e., Fo
urier representations) very useful in linear system theory. \par\pard\ql \li1459
\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1459\sb167\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex138 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 2.6.1 Eigenfunctions for Linear Time-Invar
iant Systems \par\pard\qj \li1454\ri1290\sb141\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex116 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 To demonstrate the eigenfunction property
of complex exponentials for discrete-time \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 systems,
consider an input sequence \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 x[n] \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex109 = elwn \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 for \u8212?co \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex122 < \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 n < co, \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 i.e.,
a complex \par\pard\qj \li1449\ri1290\sb20\sl-280\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex119 exponential of radian frequency cv. From Eq. (2.62), the correspondin
g output of a \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 linear time-invariant system with imp
ulse response \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 h[n] \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 is\pa
r\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols4\colno1\colw4923\colsr160\colno2\colw566\colsr20\
colno3\colw3911\colsr160\colno4\colw2040\colsr160\ql \li4329\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li4329\sb78\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosup
ersub\cf4\f5\fs22 y[n]\par\pard\ql \li1468\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li14
68\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1468\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li14
68\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1468\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li14
68\sb46\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
If we deine\par\pard\column \ql \li121\sb103\sl-529\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex113 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs46 E\par\pard\ql \li24\sb43\sl-184\slmult0 \
up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs16 k=r\u8212?oo\par\pard
\ql \li20\sb232\sl-529\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex44 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\
f20\fs46 eiwn\par\pard\column \ql \li5659\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\
sb82\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 h[k
]eiw(n-k)\par\pard\ql \li298\sb201\sl-529\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex43 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs46 0.\par\pard\ql \li687\sb1\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex116 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 h[k]e-iwk)\par\pard\ql \li111\sb88
\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 \ul0\nosupersub\cf29\f30\fs16 k=\u8
212?oo\par\pard\ql \li5822\sb0\sl-138\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li5822\sb0\sl-138\sl
mult0 \par\pard\ql \li183\sb48\sl-138\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs12 00\par\pard\column \ql \li9720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\
pard\ql \li9720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li9720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\
pard\ql \li20\sb2\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
3\f4\fs22 (2.\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 10\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 8)\par\pa
rd\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw5615\colsr20\colno2\colw3930\colsr160\col
no3\colw2045\colsr160\ql \li4598\sb45\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex11
1 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 H(eiw)\par\pard\ql \li1454\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par
\pard\ql \li1454\sb70\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf3\f4\fs22 Eq. (2.108) becomes\par\pard\ql \li4953\sb146\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 y[n] =\par\pard\column \ql \
li125\sb0\sl-414\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\f
s46 E \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex51 \ul0\nosupersub\cf57\f58\fs46 h[k]e-iwk,\par\p
ard\ql \li20\sb1\sl-144\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1
er, since frequencies around w = 27r are indistinguishable from fre-\line \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex116 quencies around w = 0. In effect, however, the frequency
response passes only low \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 frequencies and rejects hi
gh frequencies. Since the frequency response is completely \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex114 speciied by its behavior over the interval \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs14
\u8212?71. \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex127 < w < 71, \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 t
he ideal lowpass ilter fre-\par\pard\ql \li2471\sb25\sl-230\slmult0\tx8904\tx943
6 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 quency response is more typically shown only in t
he interval \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs14 \u8212?71. \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex124 < \ul0\nosupersub\cf35\f36\fs14 CO \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 \ul0
\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs14 < \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 7r, as in \par\pard\qj \
li2471\ri1311\sb26\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 Figure 2.17(b). I
t is understood that the frequency response repeats periodically with \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex116 period 27r outside the plotted interval. The frequency respon
ses for ideal highpass, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 bandstop, and bandpass ilte
rs are shown in Figures 2.18(a), (b), and (c), respectively. \par\pard\ql \li204
0\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2040\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2040\
sb15\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex142 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 Exa
mple 2.20 Frequency Response of the \par\pard\ql \li2030\sb1\sl-256\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex129 Moving-Average System \par\pard\ql \li2467\ri2702\sb0\s
l-480\slmult0\tx5913 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 Th
e impulse response of the moving-average system of Example 2.4 is \line\tab \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 1 \par\pard\ql \li7464\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex111 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 < n < M2, \par\pard\ql \li4367\sb0\
sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex140 h[n]=1M1+ M2+1' \par\pard\li5294\sb1
41\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx6907 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 0,\tab \dn2 \expndtw0\
charscalex110 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 otherwise.\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\pa
perw11900\paperh16820{\bkmkstart Pg38}{\bkmkend Pg38}\par\pard\li1516\sb0\sl-253
\slmult0\par\pard\li1516\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\par\pard\li1516\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\p
ar\pard\li1516\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\par\pard\li1516\sb117\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx265
4\tx10238 \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Sec. 2.6\tab
\dn3 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 Frequency-Domain Representation of Discrete-Time
Signals and Systems\tab \dn4 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 45\par\pard\ql \li2524\sb0
\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2524\sb197\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex115 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 Therefore, the frequency response is \par\pard
\ql \li7267\sb126\sl-138\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
21\f22\fs12 M2 \par\pard\ql \li6350\sb1\sl-116\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscale
x100 1\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols5\colno1\colw5709\colsr60\colno2\colw556\
colsr40\colno3\colw704\colsr40\colno4\colw2591\colsr160\colno5\colw1930\colsr160
\ql \li4785\sb11\sl-160\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8
\f9\fs20 1-1(ei") =\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb26\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex63 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs46 ml+\par\pard\column \ql \li2520\sb0\
sl-160\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb43\sl-160\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex1
08 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 M2 1\par\pard\column \ql \li140\sb0\sl-414\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs46 E\par\pard\ql \li20
\sb0\sl-90\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex168 \ul0\nosupersub\cf63\f64\fs10 n=
\u8212?Ml\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb1\sl-189\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 (2.127) \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li2520\sb2
06\sl-230\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 Equation (2.127) can be expre
ssed in closed form by using Eq. (2.56), so that\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\col
s3\colno1\colw3501\colsr60\colno2\colw4464\colsr20\colno3\colw3725\colsr160\ql \
li2553\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2553\sb87\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex116 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 H(eiw) =\par\pard\column \ql \li601\
sb163\sl-230\slmult0\tx1345 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8
\fs20 1\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 eiwml - e-jw(m2+1)\par\pard\ql \li20\sb
106\sl-230\slmult0\tx1849 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs
20 M1+ M2 +1\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 1 - e- icy\par\pard\ql \li596\sb22
2\sl-253\slmult0\tx1340\tx2937 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3
\f4\fs22 1\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs14 eio(M1
-FM2+1)/2 \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 e\u8212? jco(M1+M2+1)/2\par\pard\ql
x115 not absolutely summable, but are square summable, i.e., \par\pard\ql \li522
2\sb0\sl-138\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5222\sb20\sl-138\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex127 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs12 00\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\col
no1\colw5520\colsr110\colno2\colw6130\colsr160\ql \li5135\sb59\sl-408\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs46 E\par\pard\column \ql \
li20\sb76\sl-253\slmult0\tx4134 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
4\f5\fs22 lx[n]l\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 2 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 < 00
.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 (2.141) \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li5
035\sb0\sl-198\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex95 n=-c.o \par\pard\qj \li1478
\ri1285\sb48\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 Such sequences can be r
epresented by a Fourier transform if we are willing to relax the \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex118 condition of uniform convergence of the ininite sum deining \ul0\n
osupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 X(eje"). \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Speciically, in \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 this case we have mean-square convergence; that is, with
\par\pard\ql \li5918\sb23\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex72 00\par\p
ard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw3920\colsr160\colno2\colw2207\colsr20\co
lno3\colw5463\colsr160\ql \li1483\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1483\sb0\sl
-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1483\sb60\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex1
15 and\par\pard\ql \li1478\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1478\sb0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \par\pard\ql \li1478\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1478\sb10\sl-253\s
lmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 it follows that\par\pard\column \ql \li610\s
b42\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 X(e1
')\par\pard\qj \li4545\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li485\ri0\sb278\sl-368\s
lmult0\tx1685 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex64 \ul0\nosupersub\cf57\f58\fs46 XM(eiw)
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs46 = E \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex41 \ul0\no
supersub\cf57\f58\fs46 n=- M\par\pard\ql \li4785\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li4785\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li725\sb52\sl-115\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex116 \ul0\nosupersub\cf63\f64\fs10 7r\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb42
\sl-253\slmult0\tx3342 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22
x[r]e-jnn\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (2.142a)\
par\pard\ql \li711\sb513\sl-529\slmult0\tx3327 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex40 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf57\f58\fs46 iwn ,\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex49 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f19\f20\fs46 (2.142b)\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw7726\colsr40\
colno2\colw3994\colsr160\ql \li4080\sb77\sl-115\slmult0\tx6105 \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex360 \ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs10 lim \ul0\nosupersub\cf63\f64\fs10 f \u
l0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs10 I \ul0\nosupersub\cf63\f64\fs10 X\tab \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex246 \ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs10 XM(eil 12d(0 =\par\pard\column \ql
\li20\sb0\sl-414\slmult0\tx1983 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex46 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19
\f20\fs46 0.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex48 (2.143) \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknon
e \ql \li3993\sb0\sl-414\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex40 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5
7\f58\fs46 Af-3.00 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16820{\bkmkstart
Pg45}{\bkmkend Pg45}\par\pard\li1401\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\par\pard\li1401\sb0\sl-2
53\slmult0\par\pard\li1401\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\par\pard\li1401\sb212\sl-253\slmul
t0\fi0\tx6268\tx9729 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 52
\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Discrete-Time Sig
nals and Systems\tab \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex100 Chap. 2\par\pard\qj \li1396\s
b0\sl-280\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1396\ri1324\sb144\sl-280\slmult0\fi580 \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex110 In other words, the error I \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 X(e
il\u8212?Xm(e1W)I \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 may not approach zero at each valu
e of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 w as \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 M \ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf3\f4\fs22 -- oo, but the total "energy" in the error does. Example 2.22 il
lustrates this case. \par\pard\ql \li1968\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1968
\sb208\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex139 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 E
xample 2.22 Square-Summability for the Ideal \par\pard\ql \li1968\sb4\sl-276\slm
ult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133 Lowpass Filter \par\pard\ql \li2414\sb182\sl-2
30\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 Let us deter
mine the impulse response of the ideal lowpass ilter discussed in Example \par\p
ard\ql \li2409\sb50\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 2.19. The freque
ncy response is\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw6828\colsr40\colno2
\colw4892\colsr160\ql \li6172\sb123\sl-276\slmult0\tx6530 \up0 \expndtw-11\chars
es of the Fourier transform are often very useful for simplifying \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex118 the solution of problems. The following discussion presents these
properties, and the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 proofs are considered in Probl
ems 1.72 and 1.73. Before presenting the properties, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex11
5 however, we begin with some deinitions. \par\pard\qj \li1449\ri1314\sb0\sl-285
\slmult0\fi585 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 A \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 conjug
ate-symmetric sequence xe[n] \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 is deined as a sequence
for which \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 xe[n] \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 = \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 xe*[\u8212?n], \ul0\nosupers
ub\cf3\f4\fs22 and a \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 conjugate-antisymmetric sequenc
e xo[n] \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 is deined as a sequence for which \up0 \expn
dtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 xo[n] \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex1
16 = \u8212?xo[\u8212?n], \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 where * denotes complex co
njugation. Any sequence \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 x[n] \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\
fs22 can be \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 expressed as a sum of a conjugate-symme
tric and conjugate-antisymmetric sequence. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 Speciica
lly, \par\pard\li4852\sb161\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx9580 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex1
07 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 x[n] = xe[n] + xo[n],\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex107 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (2.154a)\par\pard\ql \li1449\sb143\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 where \par\pard\li4127\sb186\sl-253\slmult0\fi0
\tx9571 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 xe[n] = 2(x[n]
+ x* [\u8212?n]) = xe*[\u8212?n]\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf3\f4\fs22 (2.154b)\par\pard\ql \li1459\sb128\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex113 and \par\pard\li3988\sb158\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx4857\tx5788\tx9600
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 xo[n] =\tab \dn4 \expnd
tw0\charscalex105 i (x[n]\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 x*[\u8212?n])\tab \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (2.154c)\par\pard\qj \li14
40\ri1318\sb126\sl-290\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 A real sequence
that is conjugate symmetric such that \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 xe[n] = xe[\u8
212?n] \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 is called an \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 even
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 sequence, \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 and a real s
equence that is conjugate antisymmetric such that \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 xo
[n] = \u8212?x0[\u8212?n] \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs
22 is called an \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 odd sequence. \par\pard\qj \li1454\r
i1285\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\fi575 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\
f4\fs22 A Fourier transform \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 X(ejw) \ul0\nosupersub\c
f3\f4\fs22 can be decomposed into a sum of conjugate-symmetric \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex111 and conjugate-antisymmetric functions as \par\pard\li4387\sb204\sl-2
53\slmult0\fi0\tx9585 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 X
(ejw) = )(jell + X0(ejw),\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\
f4\fs22 (2.155a)\par\pard\ql \li1444\sb65\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex114 where \par\pard\li4223\sb106\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx9571 \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex124 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Xe(eil = 1[X(ejw) + X*(e-\tab \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex124 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (2.155b)\par\pard\ql \li1449\sb68\s
l-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 and \par\pard\li4185\sb98\sl-253\slmu
lt0\fi0\tx9600 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Xo(eiw)
= 2[X(e.'w) \u8212? X* (e- jw)].\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf3\f4\fs22 (2.155c)\par\pard\qj \li1449\ri1319\sb174\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex107 By substituting \u8212?w for win Eqs. (2.155b) and (2.155c),
it follows that \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Xe(eiw) \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22
is conjugate \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 symmetric and \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\
fs22 Xo(eiw) \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 is conjugate antisymmetric; i.e., \par\
pard\li4896\sb238\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx9580 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 \ul0\no
supersub\cf4\f5\fs22 Xe(eiw) \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 = \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f
5\fs22 Xe*(e-jw)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (2
.156a)\par\pard\ql \li1454\sb52\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 and
\par\pard\li4761\sb85\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx9566 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 \ul
0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 X0(eiw) =\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf3\f4\fs22 (2.156b)\par\pard\qj \li1444\ri1319\sb119\sl-290\slmult0\fi4 \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 If a real function of a continuous variable is conjuga
ne\cols2\colno1\colw5292\colsr60\colno2\colw6408\colsr160\ql \li2596\sb0\sl-253\
slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2596\sb117\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex167 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 x[n] = \u8212? ( X did'\par\pard\ql \li3379\sb0\sl-16
3\slmult0\tx3878 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 27r\t
ab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 ,\par\pard\column \ql \li1330\sb197\sl-253\slmu
lt0\tx2439 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 1\tab \up0
\expndtw-9\charscalex100 ikAw)ejkAcon \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 Aco\par\pard\q
l \li20\sb0\sl-176\slmult0\tx2002 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f4\f5\fs22 do) = lim\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 X (e\par\pard\ql \li653\sb
0\sl-172\slmult0\tx1728 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 6,0-0 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f
4\fs22 2r\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf28\f29\fs18 k \par
\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1483\ri1280\sb227\sl-300\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex115 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 By the eigenfunction property of linea
r systems and by the principle of superposition, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 th
e corresponding output will be\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw2475
\colsr40\colno2\colw5274\colsr160\colno3\colw3821\colsr160\ql \li1478\sb0\sl-253
\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1761\sb97\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 y[n] =\par\pard\column \qj \li1478\sb0\sl-235\slmult0
\par\pard\qj \li20\ri687\sb68\sl-235\slmult0\fi1348 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex11
5 meikA(0)x(eikAiejkAwn Aco = \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 A0-0 \ul0\nosupersub\
cf3\f4\fs22 2r\par\pard\column \ql \li1478\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20
\sb102\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 H
(e in X (e jleiwn dco. \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1478\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\p
ar\pard\li1478\sb27\sl-253\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf3\f4\fs22 Thus, we conclude that\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1478\sb198
\sl-253\slmult0\fi3230 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 Y(eiw) = \ul0\nosupersub\cf4
\f5\fs22 H(ei1 X (ejl,\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1478\sb194\sl-253\slmult0\
fi14 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 as in Eq. (2.169).
\par\pard\ql \li1492\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1492\sb197\sl-276\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex136 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 2.9.7 The Modulation o
r Windowing Theorem \par\pard\ql \li1488\sb183\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex116 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 If \par\pard\li1488\sb184\sl-253\slmult0\
fi3585\tx5601 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 x[n]\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 <\u8212?> X (ein\par\pard\li1488\sb141\sl-253\slmul
t0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 and\par\pard\li1
488\sb150\sl-253\slmult0\fi3508 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4
\f5\fs22 w[n] 4\u8212? W (ejw),\par\pard\li1488\sb141\sl-253\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex111 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 and if\par\pard\li1488\sb150\sl
-253\slmult0\fi3604\tx9729 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\f
s22 y[n] = x[n]w[n],\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs2
2 (2.171)\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16820{\bkmkstart Pg55}{\bkm
kend Pg55}\par\pard\li1516\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\par\pard\li1516\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
\par\pard\li1516\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\par\pard\li1516\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\par\pard\
li1516\sb98\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx6388\tx9849 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 \ul0\n
osupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 62\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f
4\fs22 Discrete-Time Signals and Systems\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 Chap
. 2\par\pard\ql \li1516\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1516\sb154\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 then \par\pard\ql \li5659\sb81\sl-115\slmult0 \
up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf63\f64\fs10 Yr \par\pard\li4003\s
b38\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx5433\tx9777 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf4\f5\fs22 Y(eb)) =\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 f X(e1)W(e1(a)-9)).10.\ta
b \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 (2.172)\par\pard\ql \
li5059\sb0\sl-198\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex146 2r \par\pard\qj \li1516\r
i1228\sb55\sl-287\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 Equation (2.172) is a per
iodic convolution, i.e., a convolution of two periodic functions \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex119 with the limits of integration extending over only one period. The
duality inherent in \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 most Fourier transform theorem
s is evident when we compare the convolution and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 mo
dulation theorems. However, in contrast to the continuous-time case, where this
du\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 ality is complete, in the discrete-time case fund
ne\cols2\colno1\colw6929\colsr160\colno2\colw4671\colsr160\qj \li4843\sb0\sl-160
\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li4843\sb0\sl-160\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li4843\ri160\sb47
\sl-160\slmult0\tx5851 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20
X (ei,,) = a 1(a \ul0\super\cf54\f55\fs30\ul - b) \line\ul0\tab \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex129 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 1 - ae-\par\pard\column \ql \li7099\sb0
\sl-160\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li30\ri1294\sb54\sl-160\slmult0\tx2723 \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex110 \ul0\nosupersub\cf54\f55\fs20\ul b I \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs
20 (a - b) \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 (2
.177)\par\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl-160\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 \ul0\nos
upersub\cf8\f9\fs20 1 - be- jw \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li2467\sb99\sl230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 From Theore
m 1 of Table 2.2 and transform pair 4 of Table 2.3, it follows that\par\pard\sec
t\sectd\sbknone\cols4\colno1\colw5316\colsr160\colno2\colw1386\colsr60\colno3\co
lw2720\colsr160\colno4\colw1978\colsr160\ql \li4440\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard
\ql \li4440\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li4440\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw0\charscalex111 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 x[n] =\par\pard\column \ql \li5
476\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb115\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\c
harscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 a\par\pard\ql \li539\sb0\sl-160\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 an u[n] -\par\pard\col
umn \ql \li6912\sb0\sl-160\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li6912\sb0\sl-160\slmult0 \par\
pard\ql \li6912\sb0\sl-160\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li6912\sb0\sl-160\slmult0 \par\
pard\ql \li20\sb66\sl-160\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 (a b b) b"u[n].\p
ar\pard\column \ql \li9782\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li9782\sb0\sl-230\sl
mult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb34\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\n
osupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 (2.178) \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16820{
\bkmkstart Pg57}{\bkmkend Pg57}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw963
6\colsr160\colno2\colw1964\colsr160\ql \li1463\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \
li1463\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1463\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \
li1463\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1463\sb98\sl-230\slmult0\tx6330 \up0 \
expndtw0\charscalex112 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 64\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charsc
alex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Discrete-Time Signals and Systems\par\pard\q
j \li2030\sb0\sl-264\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li2030\ri542\sb179\sl-264\slmult0\fi4
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex143 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 Example 2.28 Determini
ng the Impulse Response \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 from the Frequency Re
sponse\par\pard\ql \li2476\sb202\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 \ul
0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 The frequency response of a highpass ilter with delay i
s\par\pard\ql \li6796\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li6796\sb43\sl-207\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs18 we < Irv' \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex112 < 7r,\par\pard\ql \li6864\sb19\sl-254\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex54 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 (01 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 <\par
\pard\column \ql \li9801\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li9801\sb0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \par\pard\ql \li9801\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li25\sb235\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex96 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Chap. 2\par\pard\q
l \li9796\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li9796\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\q
l \li9796\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li9796\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\q
l \li9796\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li9796\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\q
l \li9796\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb119\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 (2.179) \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkno
ne \li2471\sb163\sl-230\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 where a period
of 27r is understood. This frequency response can be expressed as\par\pard\sect\
sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw6963\colsr160\colno2\colw4637\colsr160\qj \li2476
\ri103\sb118\sl-355\slmult0\fi1214 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 \ul0\nosupersub\
cf8\f9\fs20 H(e Pt') = j"d (1 - Hip(eiw)) = \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 where Hip \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 (ejw) \ul0\nosu
persub\cf7\f8\fs20 is periodic with period 27r and\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb1
16\sl-230\slmult0\tx457 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex62 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20
1W\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 - C j"d 1-11p(eiw),\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkn
one\cols2\colno1\colw5504\colsr160\colno2\colw6096\colsr160\ql \li2481\sb0\sl-23
0\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li4953\sb116\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
\ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 Hip(e\par\pard\column \ql \li2481\sb0\sl-160\slmult
20 11\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5393\colsr160\colno2\colw6207
\colsr160\ql \li2947\sb153\sl-230\slmult0\tx3297\tx3647\tx4002\tx4353\tx4708 \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expndt
w-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \tab \up0 \
expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \tab
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226?\par\pard\ql \li5063\sb0\sl-208\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf30\f31\fs26 0\par\pard\column \ql \
li947\sb81\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12
\fs16 4\par\pard\ql \li1652\sb0\sl-160\slmult0\tx2007\tx2353\tx2713\tx3059\tx340
9\tx3760 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 \u8226? \tab
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226?
\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \
u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscale
x100 \u8226?\par\pard\ql \li4052\sb0\sl-144\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex10
0 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs16 n\par\pard\ql \li6480\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pa
rd\ql \li947\sb131\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 I\par\pard\ql \l
i20\sb138\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs2
0 Figure P2.24-1 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1449\ri1325\sb94\sl-280\slm
ult0\tx2011 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 2.25. A linear time-invariant system ha
s impulse response \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 h[n] = u[n]. \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\
f8\fs20 Determine the response \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 of this sy
stem to the input \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 x[n] \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 s
hown in Figure P2.25-1 and described as\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1
\colw5985\colsr110\colno2\colw2687\colsr160\colno3\colw2828\colsr160\ql \li5308\
sb72\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 0,\par\pard\ql \li5308\sb34\sl230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 an,\par\par
d\ql \li4372\sb39\sl-230\slmult0\tx5308 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 x[n] =\tab
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 0,\par\pard\ql \li5308
\sb29\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 an
-N2,\par\pard\ql \li2011\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2011\sb111\sl-230\sl
mult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 where 0 < \ul0\no
supersub\cf8\f9\fs20 a < 1.\par\pard\ql \li2726\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li2726\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2726\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li2726\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2726\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li2726\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2726\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li2726\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2726\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li2726\sb29\sl-184\slmult0\tx2956\tx3191\tx3393\tx3902\tx4175\tx4972\tx5442\tx5
673 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs16\ul 1\ul0\tab \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs16\ul 1\ul0\tab \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs16\ul 1\ul0\tab \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex219 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs16\ul 11\ul0\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal
ex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs16\ul 1\ul0\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs16\ul -\ul0\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nos
upersub\cf13\f14\fs16\ul \u8226? \ul0\tab \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex94 \ul0\nosu
persub\cf13\f14\fs16\ul .\u8226? \ul0\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nos
upersub\cf13\f14\fs16\ul \u8226?\par\pard\ql \li4425\sb51\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \e
xpndtw0\charscalex105 N1\par\pard\column \ql \li69\sb72\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex114 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 n < \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20
0,\par\pard\ql \li73\ri1274\sb0\sl-281\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 0 <
\ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 n < Ni, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 Ni < n <
N2,\par\pard\qj \li88\ri735\sb13\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 N2
< n <-N2+ N1, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 N2+ Ni < n,\par\pard\ql \li6672\sb0\s
l-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li6672\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1696\sb140
\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf28\f29\fs18 x [n
]\par\pard\ql \li6672\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li597\sb22\sl-184\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 \ul0\nosupersub\cf29\f30\fs16 a(n-N2)\par\pard\ql
\li1454\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1454\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li1454\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1454\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li78\sb83\sl-184\slmult0\tx318\tx554\tx789\tx1024\tx1264\tx1518 \up0 \expndtw-2
\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs16\ul 1\ul0\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charsc
mult0\par\pard\li1473\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\par\pard\li1473\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\par\
pard\li1473\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\par\pard\li1473\sb69\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx2572\tx
10195 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Chap. 2\tab \up0
\expndtw-6\charscalex100 Problems\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf7\f8\fs20 77\par\pard\qj \li5395\sb0\sl-360\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li5395\ri
5386\sb48\sl-360\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7
\fs18 arg[H(ejw)] \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 57r/6 \par\pard\ql \li5409\sb0\s
l-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5409\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5409\sb193\s
l-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 7r/2 \par\pard\li1473\sb0\sl-115\slm
ult0\par\pard\li1473\sb0\sl-115\slmult0\par\pard\li1473\sb0\sl-115\slmult0\par\p
ard\li1473\sb0\sl-115\slmult0\par\pard\li1473\sb0\sl-115\slmult0\par\pard\li1473
\sb0\sl-115\slmult0\par\pard\li1473\sb115\sl-115\slmult0\fi2121\tx6815 \up0 \exp
ndtw0\charscalex142 \ul0\nosupersub\cf63\f64\fs10 -77"\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\chars
calex92 77"\par\pard\li1473\sb0\sl-207\slmult0\par\pard\li1473\sb0\sl-207\slmult
0\par\pard\li1473\sb52\sl-207\slmult0\fi3364 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex81 \ul0\n
osupersub\cf6\f7\fs18 \u8212? 7r/2\par\pard\li1473\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\l
i1473\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1473\sb198\sl-230\slmult0\fi3283\tx7886 \up2
\expndtw-8\charscalex89 \u8212?57r/6\tab \dn4 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosu
persub\cf7\f8\fs20 Figure P2.33-1\par\pard\li1473\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li
1473\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1473\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1473\sb20\
sl-230\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 2.34. The input\u8212?output pai
r shown in Figure P2.34-1 is given for a stable LTI system.\par\pard\li2649\sb0\
sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2649\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2649\sb153\sl-230\s
lmult0\fi902\tx4502\tx9455 \dn3 \expndtw-8\charscalex95 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\f
s18 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex95 xo[n]\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex95 Yo
[n]\par\pard\li2649\sb45\sl-207\slmult0\fi0\tx2918\tx3931\tx8827 \up0 \expndtw-8
\charscalex95 \u8226?\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex95 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\cha
rscalex95 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex95 \u9830?1\par\pard\li2649\sb77\sl-20
7\slmult0\fi4617\tx7641 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex95 \u8212?2\tab \up0 \expndtw8\charscalex95 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs18\ul \u8212?1\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkn
one\cols3\colno1\colw8287\colsr160\colno2\colw604\colsr160\colno3\colw2559\colsr
160\ql \li3820\sb0\sl-144\slmult0\tx4161\tx4545\tx6177\tx6561\tx6935 \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 I\ul0\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f
7\fs18 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\c
harscalex100 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 \u8226?\par\pard\ql \li2971\sb0\sl-162\slmult0\tx3398\tx3801\
tx6887 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex63 \u8212?1\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 0\
tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex74 \u8212?3\pa
r\pard\ql \li7118\sb7\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex192 -1\par\pard\ql
\li7478\sb110\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex76 \u8212?2\par\pard\ql
\li5553\sb148\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8
\fs20 Figure P2.34-1\par\pard\ql \li2044\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2044
\sb170\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 (a) Determine the response to
the input \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 xl [n] \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 in Fig
ure P2.34-2.\par\pard\ql \li5664\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li5664\sb0\sl207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li5664\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex1
00 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs18 4\par\pard\ql \li3840\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\par
d\ql \li5270\sb86\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 3\par\pard\ql \li
3840\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li4876\sb85\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2
\charscalex100 2\par\pard\ql \li3840\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li3840\sb1
43\sl-207\slmult0\tx4228\tx7737 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \tab \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf7\f8\fs20 \u8226?\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb0\sl-882\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex40 \ul0\nosupersub\cf78\f79\fs98 12\par\pard\ql \li35\sb0\sl-162\s
lmult0\tx414 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs18 1\tab \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf28\f29\fs18 2\par\pard\column \ql \
li20\sb1\sl-95\slmult0\tx409 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf22\
f23\fs10 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs1
2 \u8226? \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li4632\sb1\sl-194\slmult0\fi0\tx5011\tx5
400\tx5793\tx6182\tx6575\tx6969\tx7358\tx8486 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0
\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs18 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw2\charscalex100 3\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 4\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charsc
alex100 5\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 6\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
7\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 8\tab \dn4 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \ul0\nosu
persub\cf7\f8\fs20 Figure P2.34-2\par\pard\ql \li2030\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pa
rd\ql\li2030\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2030\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard
\ql\li2030\sb86\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 (b) Determine the im
pulse response of the system. \par\pard\ql \li1478\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\
ql\li1478\sb308\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18
\f19\fs32 Advanced Problems \par\pard\qj \li1483\ri1312\sb245\sl-280\slmult0\tx2
044 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 2.35. The system \u
l0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 T\ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 in Figure P2.35-1 is know
n to be \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 time invariant. \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20
When the inputs to the system \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 are xi \ul0
\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 [n], x2[n], \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 and x3 \ul0\nosu
persub\cf4\f5\fs22 [n], \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 the responses of the system
are \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 y ijn], y 2[n], \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 and
\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs22 y 3[n], \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 as shown. \par\p
ard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16820{\bkmkstart Pg71}{\bkmkend Pg71}\ql \
li7857\sb0\sl-378\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex80 \ul0\nosupersub\cf81\f82\f
s42\ul -\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw6156\colsr160\colno2\colw5
444\colsr160\ql \li1444\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1444\sb0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \par\pard\ql \li1444\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1444\sb114\sl-253\slm
ult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 78\par\pard\ql \li
3705\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li3705\sb234\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw9\charscalex92 \ul0\nosupersub\cf29\f30\fs16 x1 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 [n]\
par\pard\ql \li2222\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2222\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \
par\pard\ql \li2222\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2222\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \
par\pard\ql \li2222\sb93\sl-115\slmult0\tx2548\tx3551\tx3882 \up0 \expndtw-1\cha
rscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs10 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex
100 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs12 \u8
226? \tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \u8226?\par\pard\ql \li3739\sb0\sl-276\s
lmult0 \par\pard\ql \li3739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li3739\sb131\sl-276
\slmult0\tx4747 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex84 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 x2[n]\t
ab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 \ul0\nosupersub\cf28\f29\fs18 H\par\pard\column
\ql \li6316\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li6316\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard
\ql \li6316\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb123\sl-253\slmult0\tx3491 \u
p0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs22 Discrete-Time Signals an
d Systems\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 Chap. 2\par\pard\ql \li8668\sb0\sl207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li8668\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2704\sb197\s
l-207\slmult0\tx3222 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 \ul0\nosupersub\cf28\f29\fs18
13\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Y i[n]\par\pard\ql \li2372\sb0\sl-162\slmul
t0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs18 I 2\par\pard\ql \li7
329\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1033\sb68\sl-207\slmult0\tx1374\tx1710\tx
2037\tx3045\tx3381\tx3712 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex237 \u8226?\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs18\ul I\ul0\tab \up0 \
expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs18 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw-2
\charscalex100 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226?\par\pard\ql \l
i2041\sb1\sl-177\slmult0\tx2382\tx2704 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 0\tab \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2\par\pard\ql \li18
67\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li3039\sb62\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\ch
arscalex117 \ul0\nosupersub\cf28\f29\fs18 14\par\pard\ql \li3529\sb90\sl-207\slm
ult0 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex91 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs18 Y2 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf28\f29\fs18 [ni\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw7505\colsr160\co
lno2\colw517\colsr160\colno3\colw3428\colsr160\ql \li3235\sb0\sl-288\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex52 \ul0\nosupersub\cf79\f80\fs36 T2\par\pard\ql \li1867\sb
0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2241\sb58\sl-207\slmult0\tx2562\tx2894\tx3551\t
x3902\tx6993\tx7324 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs18 \u
8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex3