Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
competence and the link/association with the influence of peers Looked at the link between emotional competence and social competence Looked at the role parents play in children's emotion socialization and its influence on peer group selection
socialization/emotional competence 3 modes of parental socialization: parental reactions, discussion and expressivity of emotion Role of empathy, sympathy and personal distress Association between parental influence over emotional competence, social competence and peer influence Child characteristics Conclusion
emotional arousal
from the recognition of anothers emotional state or condition Sympathy - feeling of concern for another is based on the recognition of anothers emotional state or situation and is said to stem from empathy Personal distress - also stems from empathy; however, it reflects empathic over-arousal
(Eisenberg, Fabes, Murphy, et al., 1996)
childrens ability to deal constructively with emotions Enhances childrens readiness to learn about others thoughts, feelings and behaviour Supported children are less likely to become overaroused and dysregulated in their actions
(Gable & Isabella, 1992)
Supportive reactions
Enhances emotional security, attachment and cognitive
sympathy toward others if their parents react openly with sympathy and nurturance to childrens feelings of distress and helplessness
(Eisenberg, Cumberland & Spinrad, 1998)
contribute to childrens socioemotional development Children reared in families in which emotions are not discussed freely may be deprived of information about emotions and their regulation
and toddlers Young children who feel free to discuss their emotions and who are sophisticated in their understanding of emotion may be more skilled at controlling their own negative arousal Toddlers who can communicate their feelings become less stressed during potentially frustrating situations
(Kopp, 1992)
As a correlate or mediator of other aspects of parenting that affects childrens emotional/social competence
interpret and understand others emotional reactions Parental expression of emotion can have influence over childrens developing personal schemas
Generally, parental expression of emotion is positively
less influence over emotional competence, social competence and personality traits (Brown, 1990) Parents and parent-child relationships have significant influence over which peer groups children chose
activities
Parents influence emotional and social competence before
Parents and parent-child relationship cont... Susceptibility to peer influence (role of authoritative parenting)
competence and peer selection Peers have strong influence over daily behaviours and attitudes, but may have less influence over emotional competence, social competence and personality traits Parental and peer influence is likely complementary and not antithetical regarding the development of emotional competence
Brown, J.R., and Dunn, J. Continuities in emotion understanding from three to six years. (1996). Child Development, 67, 789802. Collins, A., Maccoby, E., Steinberg, L., Hetherington, M., and Bronstein, M. (2000). Contemporary research on parenting: The case for nature and nurture. American Psychologist, (52)2, 218-232. Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A., and Spinrad, T. (1998). Parental socialization of emotion. Psychol Inq. 9(4), 241-273. Eisenberg ,N.,, Fabes, RA., Murphy, B., Karbon, M., Smith, M., and Maszk, P. (1996). The relations of childrens dispositional empathy-related responding to their emotionality, regulation, and social functioning. Developmental Psychology, 32, 195209. Eisenberg, N., Schalle,r M., Fabes, RA., Bustamante, D., Mathy, R., Shell, R., and Rhodes, K. (1998). The differentiation of personal distress and sympathy in children and adults. Developmental Psychology, 24, 766775. Gable, S., and Isabella, RA. (1992). Maternal contributions to infant regulation of arousal. Infant Behavior and Development, 15, 95 107. Grolnick, W., McMenamy, J., Kurowski, C., and Bridges, L.J. (1997). Mothers strategies for regulating childrens distress: Developmental changes and outcomes. The Society for Research in Child Development, Washington, DC. Kopp, C.. Emotional distress and control in young children. (1992). New Directions for Child Development, 55, 4156. Thompson, RA. Early socioemotional development. (1998) In: Damon, W., Eisenberg, N., editors. Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development. 5th ed. Wiley: New York: p. 25-104.