30 March 11

Qazi Nurullah Shustari.Shaheed-e-Salis

http://www.enotes.com/topic/Qazi_Nurullah_Shustari Friday sermon by Maulana Naqvi from WOKING-UK http://blip.tv/file/1674483

Contents

1 Official Webpage Of Mazaar Shaheed-e-Salis 2 Life 3 Education 4 Akbars period 5 Role in Mughal court 6 Jehangirs period and charges leading to his execution 7 Shaheed-e-Salis mousoleum 8 Works and contribution 9 See also 10 References 11 External links

Official Webpage Of Mazaar Shaheed-e-Salis

www.shaheed-e-salis.co.cc

Life
Qazi Zia-ud-Din Nurullah Shustari known as Amir Sayyid and Shaheed-i-Thalis was born in 956 AH/ at Shushtar, one of the cities of the present Khuzestan province in South of Iran. He was sayyid by lineage and belonged to the Marashi family. Qazi Nurullah Shustari was the most important Shia scholar of the Mughal period in India.[2] His father was Sayyid Muhammad Sharif-ud-din and grandfather Sayyid Zia-ud-Din Nurullah.

Education
He received his early education at home under the tutlage of his grandfather Sayyid Zia-ud-Din Nurullah and his father Sayyid Muhammad Sharif-ud-din and other local tutors. In the year 979 AH he went to Mashhad, the holy city in the Khurasan province.

Akbars period
On 1 Shawwal 992/6 October 1584, Nurullah Shustari moved from Mashhad to India[3], and by another account in 1587[4]. He held the post of Chief Qazi under Akbar.[4][5]

Role in Mughal court

He was an emissary of Akbar in Kashmir and was instrumental in pacifying a revolt which was in offing and he obtained the first census of the areas of Mughal Empire during Akbars reign. This earned him great respect and trust of the Mughal emperor. On his return he was appointed as Chief Qazi (Qazi Quzaz), position equivalent of Chief Justice, of the Mughal empire.

Jehangirs period and charges leading to his execution

Under Jehangirs reign he continued to hold the same high position as in Akbars time. But his position was now threatened because of Jehangirs more orthodox nature. Other groups which had tried to malign his position during Akbars reign had once again become powerful and influential. More over he had made enemies from his involvement in settling of disputes in Kashmir and Agra. His book Ahqaq-ul-Haq (Justification of the Truth) was brought as an evidence against him. A fatwa was passed declaring him a heretic. Thus Jehangir was made to issue death orders for the Qazi. The Empire of the Great Mughals mentions this incidence, However, he had both the Sikh guru Arjan and the Shii Qadi Nurullah Shushtari executed, which demonstrates how different he was from Akbar. [6] Qazi Nurullah Shustari was executed for his Shiism by Jahangir.[7] He was flogged to death because of his writings, he was seventy years old at the time of his execution[8][9]. Qazi Nurullah Shustari was executed in Jumada II 1019/September 1610[10]. Qazi Nurullah is known since that time as Shaheed-e-Salis (also Shahid al-Thalis)or the Third Martyr. Muhammad ibn Makki is considered Shaheed-e-Awwal (Shahid al-Awwal) or the First Martyr, and Zayn al-Din al-Jubai alAmili is as Shaheed-e-Sani (or Shahid al-Thani)or the Second Martyr.

Shaheed-e-Salis mousoleum
His tomb, which is at Agra, has been the centre of pilgrimage since the day of his martyrdom. It is also a venue where every year people gather from all over the Indian sub-continent to commemorate the anniversary of his martyrdom.

Works and contribution

He wrote numerous books, which according to some count up to hundred and a large number of treatises on various subjects . Some of them are:

Ihqaq-ul-Haq (Justification of the Truth ) : In this work he has defended the beliefs of Shiite faith and answering Sunni objections about it. Masaib-un-Nawasib (Troubles for the Nasibiites) : Refutation of Nawaqiz-ul-Rawafiz by a Sunnite scholar. Sawarim-ul-Muhriqa (The Pouring Swords) : Refutation of Sawaiq-ul-Muhriqa by the Sunnite scholar Ibn Hajar. Majalis-ul-Momineen ( The Assembly of the faithfuls ) : Gives the description of the religious scholars and the other learned men . Risala-i-Jalaliyyah: A treatise dedicated to Jalal ud- Din Akbar , the Mughal emperor of Hindustan . It consists of knowledge .

Marginal notes on several books like Shamsiya written about logic .

Sharh-i-Tajrij is regarding scholastic theology . Khulasa-tul Aqwal : Deals with the biographies . Sharh-i-Chaghmini: is a book on astronmy . Tahrir-i-Uqlidas : meaning-Writings of Euclid is a book on geometry . Sharh-ul-Hidaya : is a book on philosophy. Sharh-i-Waqaya and Hidaya : both these works are on Hanafi school of jurisprudence . Sharh-i-Aqa id-i-Nasafi : is on the theology of the Sunnite Muslims . Sharh-i-Mukhtasar-i-Azdi : is a book on the principles of the jurisprudece dealing with Sunnite Muslims . Do Risala (two treatises) : one of them is a commentary on the verses of the Glorious Quran related to the unity of God (Tawheed). The other is also a commentary dealing with the verses of the Glorious Quran related to sanctification of the Holy Ahlul Bayat Risala Dar Bab-i-Wujud : a treatise on the existence . Risala Dar Sharh-i-Rubayi i Abu Said Abul Khair : a treatise in which one of the quatrains or the Sufi poet Abu Said Abul Khair has been elaborated .

A intricate review on the commentary written by Shaykh Faizi.

Risala Dar Bab-i-Qaza O Qadar : treatise on free will and determinism.

Commentaries on Tahzib ul Ahkam : are related to the traditions of the Prophet Muhammad and jurisprudence . These are the detailed explanations of judgements based on the traditions of Muhammad and the Islamic jurisprudence .

Tashrih-ul-Aflak : deals with astronomy . Muqaddima-i-Masabih : is related to the traditions of Muhammad quoted by the Sunnite Muslims . Risala Dar Munazira-i-Gul O Sunbul : a treatise on the dispute between the flower and the hyacinth . Risala-i-Munshaat : a treatise on writings and compositions.

Beside the above mentioned books and treatise he has also several other literary works . Qazi Nurullah had excellent literary expertise and was profound in producing beautiful literary pieces in Arabic and Persian . His compositions in both languages are eloquent and full of fluency . He also composed verses in both the languages which number about three thousand . Some of them are still preserved in various books and treatises. Many of his works with the description of his life have been translated into Arabic, Persian and Urdu.

References
1. http://openlibrary.org/b/OL4869617M/Shaheed-e-salis 2. The Worlds Religions -Page 383- by Stewart R. Sutherland Religion 1988 3. A Socio-intellectual History of the Isn Ashar Shas in India Page 346 by Saiyid Athar Abbas Rizvi, 1986 4. 4.0 4.1 The Shia of India-Page 140, By John Norman Hollister-1953 5. Majma ulafkr Page 15 by Iqtidar Husain Siddiqi, Khud Bakhsh Oriental Public Library- 1993 6. The Empire of the Great Mughals By Annemarie Schimmel, Corinne Attwood, Burzine K. Waghmar page 109 7. An introduction to Shii Islam: the history and doctrines of Twelver Shiism By Moojan Momen, #121. 8. Islamic education, diversity and national identity: Dn madris in India Page 107 by Jan-Peter Hartung, Helmut Reifeld Islamic religious education 2006 9. A Cultural History of India Page 290 by Arthur Llewellyn Basham History 1975 10. Religion, State, and Society in Medieval India: Collected Works of S. Nurul Hasan- Page 76 by S. Nurul Hasan, Satish Chandra History 2005