Artificial Intelligence

AI attempts to understand:
How homo sapiens work? Perception, understanding, prediction and manipulation
Goal : To build intelligent Systems

 Intelligent System should:

Act humanly Think humanly Think rationally Act rationally

Act Humanly
Turing Test Approach

 For passing this test, requirements are:

Natural Language Processing Knowledge Representation Automated Reasoning Machine Learning

If physical objects are involved:

Computer Vision Robotics

Thinking Humanly
Cognitive Modeling Approach
Requires scientific theories of internal activities of the brain Validation is done by:
Predicting and testing behavior of human subjects (top-down approach) cognitive science Direct identification from Neurological data (bottom-up approach) cognitive neuroscience

Thinking Rationally
Laws of Thought Approach
Aristotle: What are correct arguments/thought processes? Several Greek schools developed various forms of logic: notation and rules of derivation for thoughts; may or may not have proceeded to the idea of mechanization Eg.
Socrates is a man. All men are mortal. =>

Socrates is mortal.

Acting Rationally
The Rational Agent Approach Rational behavior: doing the right thing The right thing: that which is expected to maximize goal achievement, given the available information Doesn't necessarily involve thinking e.g., Recoiling from a hot stove is a reflex action that is usually more successful than a slower action