INTRODUCTION OF ALKANE

NOMENCLATURE OF ALKANE

Exercise: 1. Write the structural formula for the following: a. Butane b. Heptanes c. 2-methylpentane d. 2,2,4-trimethylhexane e. 3-ethyl-2,2-dimethylpentane f. 5-ethyl-2,4.6-trimethyloctane g.

2. Give the IUPAC name for the following compound

ALKANE REACTIONS

ALKENE REACTIONS

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Differences between Alkanes and Alkenes ALKANES CHnH2n+2 All the members end with 'ane' Members having 1-4 carbon atoms per molecule are gases/5-17 carbon atoms are liquids and 18 or more are solids at room temperature The melting and boiling points increases with increase in molecular mass They are insoluble in water; soluble in benzene, alcohol, ether and carbon tetrachloride. Undergo substitution substitution reaction in the presence of sun light Do not decolorise bromine water Do not decolorise acidified KMnO4 solution Saturated Hydrocarbon ALKENES CHnH2n All the members end with 'ene Members having 2-4 carbon atoms per molecule are gases/5-15 carbon atoms per molecule are liquids and the higher members are solids The melting and boiling points increases with the increase in molecular mass They are insoluble in water; soluble in benzene, ethanol and ether. Do not undergo substitution reaction. Decolorise bromine water Decolorise acidified KMnO4 solution Unsaturated Hydrocarbon

General Equation Naming Physical state

Melting and boiling points

Solubility

Substitution reaction Reaction with bromine water Reaction with acidified KMnO4

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