The Feasibility of Tomato extract as an ingredient of Soap

Abstract:
This is a study of a tomato soap and we try to find out the effect of this product to the skin so the product was tested to the volounters and the it has an effect on the skin of the persons who try this product their skin became lighter and smoother and in the first person its dark spots where vanished so it has an effect on the skin of the person who will testing this product.

Intoduction:
There are many kinds of soap today but some are just cleaning our body not whiting or smothening our skin This study aims to find the effectivity of the tomato extract mixed in soap and find the effect of it into the skin of the human.

Statement of the problem:

1.What are the possible skin problems that can cure on this product?

Hypothesis
the possible skin problems that can be cured by this product are sun burn psoriasis dry skin and smoothen and whitening our skin

Scope and Limitations:

This study limits only in the making and testing on the result of the product and the effect of the product on the skin.

Review and Related Literature:

Soap: Soap is a combination of animal fat or plant oil and caustic soda. When dissolved in water, it breaks dirt away from surfaces. Through the ages soap has been used to cleanse, to cure skin sores,

to dye hair, and as a salve or skin ointment. But today we generally use soap as a cleanser or perfume.

The exact origins of soap are unknown, though Roman sources claim it dates back to at least 600 B.C., when Phoenicians prepared it from goat's tallow and wood ash. Soap was also made by the Celts, ancient inhabitants of Britain. Soap was used widely throughout the Roman empire, primarily as a medicine. Mention of soap as a cleanser does not appear until the second century A.D. By the eighth century, soap was common in France, Italy, and Spain, but it was rarely used in the rest of Europe until as late as the 17th century.

Manufacture of soap began in England around the end of the 12th century. Soap-makers had to pay a heavy tax on all the soap they produced. The tax collector locked the lids on soap boiling pans every night to prevent illegal soap manufacture after hours. Because of the high tax, soap was a luxury item, and it did not come into common use in England until after the tax was repealed in 1853. In the 19th century, soap was affordable and popular throughout Europe.

Early soap manufacturers simply boiled a solution of wood ash and animal fat. A foam substance formed at the top of the pot. When cooled, it hardened into soap. Around 1790, French soapmaker Nicolas Leblanc developed a method of extracting caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) from common table salt (sodium chloride), replacing the wood ash element of soap. The French chemist Eugene-Michel Chevreul put the soap-forming process (called in English saponification) into concrete chemical terms in 1823. In saponification, the animal fat, which is chemically neutral, splits into fatty acids, which react with alkali carbonates to form soap, leaving glycerin as a byproduct. Soap was made with industrial processes by the end of the 19th century, though people in rural areas, such as the pioneers in the western United States, continued to make soap at home.

Raw Materials

Soap requires two major raw materials: fat and alkali. The alkali most commonly used today is sodium hydroxide. Potassium hydroxide can also be used. Potassium-based soap creates a more water-soluble product than sodiumbased soap, and so it is called "soft soap." Soft soap, alone or in combination with sodium-based soap, is commonly used in shaving products.

Animal fat in the past was obtained directly from a slaughterhouse. Modern soapmakers use fat that has been processed into fatty acids. This eliminates many impurities, and it produces as a byproduct water instead of

glycerin. Many vegetable fats, including olive oil, palm kernel oil, and coconut oil, are also used in soap making.

Additives are used to enhance the color, texture, and scent of soap. Fragrances and perfumes are added to the soap mixture to cover the odor of dirt and to leave behind a fresh-smelling scent. Abrasives to enhance the texture of soap include talc, silica, and marble pumice (volcanic ash). Soap made without dye is a dull grey or brown color, but modern manufacturers color soap to make it more enticing to the consumer.

http://www.answers.com/topic/soap
Tomato Extract:

Tomato extract contains carotenoids such as lycopene, beta carotene, and vitamin E, which are known as effective antioxidants, to inactivate free radicals, and to slow the progression of atherosclerosis. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of tomato extract on systolic and diastolic blood pressure in grade-1 HT, on serum lipoproteins, plasma homocysteine, and oxidative stress markers. METHODS: This study is a single-blind, placebocontrolled trial. Thirty-one subject with grade-1 HT, without concomitant diseases, who required no antihypertensive or lipid-lowering drug therapy, who were recruited from primary care clinics, completed the trial. Subjects entered a 4-week placebo period, then an 8-week treatment period with tomato extract, 250 mg Lyc-OMato, and a 4-week control period with placebo. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure decreased from 144 (SE +/- 1.1) to 134 mm Hg (SE +/- 2, P < .001), and diastolic blood pressure decreased from 87.4 (SE +/- 1.2) to 83.4 mm Hg (SE +/- 1.2, P < .05). No changes in blood pressure were demonstrated during placebo periods. Thiobarbituric acidreactive substances, a lipid peroxidation products marker, decreased from 4.58 (SE +/- 0.27) to 3.81 nmol/mg (SE +/- 0.32, P < .05). No significant changes were found in lipid parameters. CONCLUSIONS: A short-term treatment with antioxidant-rich tomato extract can reduce blood pressure in patients with grade-1 HT, naive to drug therapy. The continuous effect of this treatment and the long-term beneficial effect on cardiovascular risk factors still need to be demonstrated.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16368299 Methodology:
Ingredient caustic soda

tomato fruit:

coconut oil:

Extracting of tomato extract from tomato fruit:

we need to have 20ml of tomato extract so first we will get tomato fruit washed and a bowl used to put the tomato extract there and a cloth first we need to slice the tomato into small pieces then we will extract the extract by using the cloth and by using our hands we will squash the tomato into the cloth and put the extract into the bowl.

Soap making:

We will use the tomato extract for our next procedure. First we will mix the 100g Caustic soda and a 40ml water and mix it thoroughly, then mix the 10ml coconut oil and then mix. after that add the 10ml tomato extract and then mix. after it will harden enough to become a soap we will put it on a plastic container or molder.

Testing:

we need to have volunters and a control one so we need 3 persons who will try this product and observe the changes of the skin in a week every day we will record all the possible changes and make a conclusion. The control one will not use the product. this product will test on the skin of the volounters especificaly on their arms skin/

Results and Discussion:

This is the result of the testing of the product.

day 1

1st person-the skin becomes smoother

2nd person-no changes

3rd person-the skin becomes smoother

control- no changes

day 2

1st person-the skin becomes smoother

2nd person-the skin becomes smoother

3rd person-the skin becomes smoother

control- no changes

day 3

1st person-the skin becomes smoother

2nd person-the skin becomes smoother

3rd person-the skin becomes smoother

control- no changes

day 4

1st person-the skin becomes lighter compared to the past

2nd person-the skin becomes lighter compared to the past

3rd person-the skin becomes smoother

control- no changes

day 5

1st person-the skin becomes lighter compared to the past

2nd person-the skin becomes lighter compared to the past

3rd person-the skin becomes lighter compared to the past

control- no changes

day 6

1st person-some dark spots on the skin was vanished

2nd person-becomes smooth and lighter in color

3rd person-becomes smooth and lighter in color

control- no changes

day 7

1st person-the skin becomes smooth and lighter

2nd person-the skin becomes smooth and lighter

3rd person-the skin becomes smooth and lighter

control- no changes

Conclusion:

The product testing obviously it was effective on smoothening and lightening the skin. So this product is effective on people who want their skin to become white and to remove the dark spots on their skin.

Recomendation:

This study needs more experiments or trials to know the other effect of this product to the skin