ANALYTE OR

PROCEDURE

SPECIMEN

REFERENCE
VALUES (USA)

CONVERSION REFERENCE
FACTOR
VALUES (SI)

COMMENTS

Complete Blood Count

Hematocrit (HCT, Hct)
Calculated from mean
corpuscular volume (MCV) and
RBC count (electronic
displacement or laser)

Hemoglobin (Hb)

W(E)

% of packed red
cells (V red
cells/V whole
blood cells
100

1 day (cap)

4869%

2 days

4875%

0.480.75

3 days

4472%

0.440.72

2 mo

2842%

0.280.42

612 yr

3545%

0.350.45

1218 yr M

3749%

0.370.49

3646%

0.360.46

1849 yr M

4153%

0.410.53

3646%

0.360.46

g/dL

mmol/L

W(E)
13 days (cap)

P(H)

Volume fraction (V red cells/V whole

blood)

14.522.5

0.01

0.155

0.480.69

2.253.49

2 mo

9.014.0

1.402.17

612 yr

11.515.5

1.782.40

1218 yr M

13.016.0

2.022.48

12.016.0

1.862.48

1849 yr M

13.517.5

2.092.27

12.016.0

1.862.48

pg/cell

fmol/cell

See Chemical
Elements

Erythrocyte indices (RBC

indices)
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin
(MCH)

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin

concentration (MCHC)

Mean corpuscular volume

(MCV)

W(E)
Birth

3137

0.0155

0.480.57

13 days (cap)

3137

0.480.57

1 wk1 mo

2840

0.430.62

2 mo

2634

0.400.53

36 mo

2535

0.390.54

0.52 yr

2331

0.360.48

26 yr

2430

0.370.47

612 yr

2533

0.390.51

1218 yr

2535

0.390.54

1849 yr

2634

0.400.53

% Hb/cell or g
Hb/dL RBC

mmol Hb/L RBC

W(E)
Birth

3036

13 days (cap)

2937

4.505.74

12 wk

2838

4.345.89

12 mo

2937

4.505.74

3 mo2 yr

3036

4.655.58

218 yr

3137

4.815.74

>18 yr

3137

4.815.74

m3

fL

W(E)

0.155

4.655.58

13 days (cap)

95121

0.52 yr

7086

95121
7086

612 yr

7795

7795

1218 yr M

7898

7898

MW Hb =
64,500

ANALYTE OR
PROCEDURE

SPECIMEN

REFERENCE
VALUES (USA)

CONVERSION REFERENCE
FACTOR
VALUES (SI)

78102

78102

1849 yr M

80100

80100

80100

80100

F
Leukocyte count (WBC count)

Leukocyte differential

W(E)

COMMENTS

1,000 cells/mm ( L)
3

109 cells/L

Birth

9.030.0

9.030.0

24 hr

9.434.0

9.434.0

1 mo

5.019.5

5.019.5

13 yr

6.017.5

6.017.5

47 yr

5.515.5

5.515.5

813 yr

4.513.5

4.513.5

Adult

4.511.0

4.511.0

W(E)

Number fraction

Myelocytes

0%

0.01

Neutrophils (bands)

35%

0.030.05

Neutrophils (segs)

5462%

0.540.62

Lymphocytes

2533%

0.250.33

Monocytes

37%

0.030.07

Eosinophils

13%

0.010.03

Basophils

00.75%

00.0075

Cells/mm ( L)

106 cells/L

Myelocytes

Neutrophils (bands)

150400

150400

Neutrophils (segs)

3,0005,800

3,0005,800

Lymphocytes

1,5003,000

1,5003,000

Monocytes

285500

285500

Eosinophils

50250

50250

Basophils

1550

1550

103/mm3 ( L)

109/L

Platelet count (thrombocyte

count)

W(E)

Newborn 84478 (after 1 wk, same as

adult)

106

Adult 150400
Reticulocyte count

W(E, H, O)

84478

(Buck, 1996)

150400

Adults 0.51.5% of erythrocytes or

25,00075,000/mm3 ( L)

0.01

0.0050.015 (number fraction) or

25,00075,000 106/L

106
%
W(cap)

Alanine aminotransferase
(ALT, SGPT)

Albumin

Ammonia

Number fraction

1 day

0.46.0%

0.01

0.0040.060

7 days

<0.11.3%

<0.0010.013

14 wk

<1.01.2%

<0.0010.012

56 wk

<0.12.4%

<0.0010.024

78 wk

0.12.9%

0.0010.029

910 wk

<0.12.6%

<0.0010.026

1112 wk

0.10.3%

0.0010.013

05 days

650 U/L

650 U/L

37bw

545

(Lockitch,
Halstead, and
Albersheim,
1988)

1830 g/dL

g (Meites,
1989)

119 yr

545

Premature 1 day

1.83.0 g/dL

Full term <6 days

2.53.4

2534

<5 yr

3.95.0

3950

519 yr

4.05.3

4053

<30 day

2195 mol/L

10

2195 mol/L

(Diaz et
al.,1995)

ANALYTE OR
PROCEDURE

Amylase

SPECIMEN

S, P

REFERENCE
VALUES (USA)

CONVERSION REFERENCE
FACTOR
VALUES (SI)

112 mo

1874

1874

114 yr

1768

1768

>14 yr

1971

1971

119 yr

30100 U/L

% pancreatic
fraction
Amylase isoenzymes

S, P(H)

COMMENTS

(Lockitch,
Halstead, and
Albersheim et
al.,
1988;Gillard et
al., 1983)

30100 U/L

% pancreatic fraction

Cord8 mo

034%

9 mo4 yr

556%

0.01

0.050.56%

00.34%

519 yr

2359%

0.230.59%

Anion gap (sodium - [chloride

+ bicarbonate])

P(H)

716 mEq/L

Anti-deoxyribonuclease B titer
(anti-DNase B titer)

Age

Upper limit of
normal

46 yr

240480 U

712 yr

480800 U

480800 U

Plasma osmolarity
(mOsm/kg)

Plasma ADH
(pg/mL)

Plasma ADH ng/L

270280

<1.5

280285

<2.5

<2.5

285290

15

15

290295

27

27

295300

412

412

Age

Upper limit of
normal

Upper limit of normal

25 yr

120160 Todd
units

69 yr

240 Todd units

240 Todd units

1012 yr

320 Todd units

320 Todd units

U/L

U/L

Antidiuretic hormone (hADH,

vasopressin)

Antistreptolysin-O titer (ASO

titer)

Aspartate aminotransferase
(AST, SGOT)

Base excess

Bicarbonate

C-reactive protein (high

sensitivity)

P(E)

716 mEq/L
Upper limit of normal

<1.5

35140

19 yr

1555

1555

1019 yr

545

545

mmol/L

mmol/L

(- 10)(- 2)

Infant

(- 7)(- 1)

Child

(- 4)(+2)

(- 4)(+2)

Thereafter

(- 3)(+3)

(- 3)(- 3)

mmol/L

37b(Lockitch,
Halstead, and
Quigley et al.,
1988)

35140

Newborn

S, P

(Kaplan et
al.,1998)

120160 Todd units

05 days

W(H)

(Kaplan et
al.,1998)

240480 U

(- 10)(- 2)
(- 7)(- 1)

mmol/L

Arterial

2128

2128

Venous

2229

2229
(Soldin et
al.,2004)

S
M
(mg/L)

F (mg/L)

0.815.8

0.915.8

0.050.79

0.811.2

0.57.9

0.081.12

0.080.79

0.811.2

0.87.9

410 yr

0.060.79

0.51.0

0.67.9

0.510.0

1114 yr

0.080.76

0.060.81

0.87.6

0.68.1

M (mg/dL)

F (mg/dL)

090 days

0.081.58

0.091.58

91 days12 mo

0.081.12

13 mo3 yr

10

ANALYTE OR
PROCEDURE

SPECIMEN

REFERENCE
VALUES (USA)
1518 yr

Calcium, ionized (Ca)

Calcium, total

Carbon dioxide, partial pressure

(PCO2)

Carbon monoxide
(carboxyhemoglobin)

Chloride

Cortisol

Creatine kinase

Creatine kinase isoenzymes

S, P(H), W(H)

0.47.9

0.25

Newborn, 324 hr

4.35.1

1.071.27

2448 hr

4.04.7

1.001.17

Thereafter

4.84.92

1.121.23

or

2.242.46 Eq/L

0.5

mg/dL

1.251.50

1.121.23
mmol/L

Cord blood

9.011.5

0.25

Newborn, 324 hr

9.010.6

2.32.65

2448

7.012.0

1.753.00

47 days

9.010.9

2.252.73

Child

8.810.8

2.202.70

Thereafter

8.410.2

2.102.55

mm Hg

kPa
0.1333

2.252.88

Newborn

2740

Infant

2741

3.65.5

Thereafter M

3548

4.76.4

3245

4.36.0

Nonsmoker

<2% HbCO

Smoker

<10%

<0.10

Lethal

>50%

>0.5

Cord blood

96104 mmol/L

Newborn

97110

97110

Thereafter

98106

98106

g/dL

nmol/L

0.01

27.59

3.65.3

HbCO fraction < 0.02

96104 mmol/L

Newborn

124

28662

Adults, 8:00 A.M.

523

138635

4:00 P.M.

315

82413

8:00 P.M.

<50% of 8:00
A.M.

0.01

Fraction of 8:00 A.M. 0.50

Cord blood

70380 U/L

70380 U/L

58 hr

2141,175

2141,175

2433 hr

1301,200

1301,200

72100 hr

87725

87725

Adult

5130

5130

% MB

% BB

Cord blood

0.33.1%

0.310.5%

58 hr

1.77.9%

3.613.4%

2433 hr

1.85.0%

2.38.6%

72100 hr

1.45.4%

5.113.3%

Adult

02%

0%

Creatinine
Jaffe, kinetic, or enzymatic

0.67.9

mmol/L

5.06.0

S, P(H)

0.060.79

COMMENTS

Cord blood

W(H)

S, P(H)

0.040.79
mg/dL

W(E)

CONVERSION REFERENCE
FACTOR
VALUES (SI)

S, P

mol/L

mg/dL
Cord blood

0.61.2

88.4

53106

Newborn

0.31.0

2788

Infant

0.20.4

1835

Child

0.30.7

2762

Adolescent

0.51.0

4488

Adult M

0.61.2

53106

0.51.1

4497

30 b (Jedeikin
et al., 1982)

ANALYTE OR
PROCEDURE
Creatinine clearance
(endogenous)

SPECIMEN

REFERENCE
VALUES (USA)

CONVERSION REFERENCE
FACTOR
VALUES (SI)

COMMENTS

S, P, U

Newborn 4065 mL/min/1.73 m <40

YR, M 97137
F 88128
Decreases <6.5 mL/min/decade

Ferritin

Folate

S
Newborn

25200

1 mo

200600

200600

25 mo

50200

50200

6 mo15 yr

7140

7140

Adult, M

15200

15200

12150

Newborn 7.032 ng/mL

W(E)
Glucose

g/L

ng/mL
1

25200

12150
2.265

15.972.4 nmol/L

Thereafter 1.89.0

4.120.4

150450 ng/mL RBCs

3401,020 nmol/L cells

mg/dL

mmol/L

Cord blood

4596

0.0555

2.55.3

Premature

2060

1.13.3

Neonate

3060

1.73.3

1 day

4060

2.23.3

>1 day

5090

2.85.0

Child

60100

3.35.5

Adult

70105

3.95.8

W(H)

Adult

6595

3.65.3

Glucose, 2 hr post

<120 mg/dL

Glucose tolerance test (GTT)

Newborn

<6.7 mmol/L
mg/dL

Oral dose Adult:75 g

Normal

Child:1.75 g/kg of ideal weight,

up to a maximum of 75 g

Glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase (G6PD) in
erythrocytes

mmol/L

Diabetic

Fasting

70105

126

60 min

120170

90 min
120
min

Normal

3.95.8

7.0

200

6.79.4

11

100140

200

5.67.8

11

70120

200

3.96.7

11

0.0555

Adult

Adult

3.48.0 U/g Hb

0.0645

0.220.52 mU/mol Hb

98.6232 U/1012RBC

10- 3

0.100.23 nU/106 RBC

1.162.72 U/mL RBC

1.162.72 kU/L RBC

Newborn:50%
higher

Newborn:50% higher

Immunoglobulin A (lgA)

(American
Diabetes
Association,
1977)

W(E, H, C)

Bishop, modified

-glutamyl transpeptidase
(GGT, GGTP)

Diabetic

U/L

U/L

Cord blood

37193

01 mo

13147

13147

12 mo

12123

12123

24 mo

890

890

4 mo10 yr

532

532

1015 yr

524

524

mg/dL
Cord blood

1.43.6

10

37193

37b(Knight
and Haymond,
1981)

mg/L
1436

s (Meites, 1989)

ANALYTE OR
PROCEDURE

Immunoglobulin D (lgD)

Immunoglobulin E (lgE)

SPECIMEN

REFERENCE
VALUES (USA)

CONVERSION REFERENCE
FACTOR
VALUES (SI)

13 mo

1.353

13530

46 mo

4.484

44840

7 mo1 yr

11106

1101,060

25 yr

14159

1401,590

610 yr

33236

3302,360

Adult

70312

7003,120

Newborn:none detected

None detected

Thereafter:08 mg/dL

10

080 mg/L

M 0230 IU/mL

0230 kIU/L

F 0170
Immunoglobulin G (IgG)

Immunoglobulin M (IgM)

Iron-binding capacity, total

(TIBC)

0170
mg/dL

g/L

Cord blood

6361,606

1 mo

251906

2.519.06

24 mo

176601

1.766.01

512 mo

1721,069

1.7210.69

0.01

15 yr

3451,236

3.4512.36

6081,572

6.0815.72

Adult

6391,349

6.3913.49

mg/dL

mg/L

Cord blood

6.325

14 mo

17105

1701,050

59 mo

33126

3301,260

10 mo1 yr

41173

4101,730

28 yr

43207

4302,070

910 yr

52242

5202,420

Adult

56352

5603,520

22184 g/dL

All ages

Infant 100400 g/dL

10

D-lactate

433 mol/L

0.179

17.9071.60 mol/L

Isoenzymes

Lead

mmol/L

112 mo

1.12.3

17 yr

0.81.5

0.81.5

715 yr

0.60.9

0.60.9

P(H)

U/L

170580

19 yr

150500

150500

1019 yr

120330

120330

170580

% of total activity
719 yr

LD1

2038

2035

LD2

2738

3138

LD3

1626

1928

LD4

516

713

LD5

313

512

g/dL

W(H)
Child

mmol/L
<10

(Bonnefont et
al.,1990)

0.00.3

<1 yr

16 yr

(Lockitch,
Halstead, and
Wadsworth et
al., 1988)

j (Rosenthal and
Pesce, 1985)

U/L

s (Meites, 1989)

1.12.3

mmol/L
0.00.3

s (Meites, 1989)

44.7571.60

mmol/L

6 mo3 yr
Lactate dehydrogenase

63250

0.1791

Thereafter 250400
L+lactate

6.3616.06

610 yr

Iron

COMMENTS

0.0483

<0.48

37 a (Meites,
1989)

ANALYTE OR
PROCEDURE

SPECIMEN

Lipase

P, S

Magnesium

P(H)

Methemoglobin
(MetHb)

REFERENCE
VALUES (USA)

CONVERSION REFERENCE
FACTOR
VALUES (SI)

Toxic

70

118 yr

145216 U/L

1.62.6

0.651.05

214 yr

1.52.3

0.600.95

W(E,
H, C)

Sodium

S, P (LiH,
NH4H)

w (Meites,
1989)

0.481.05

155

9.337.2 mol/L

0.78 0.37% of total Hb

0.01

0.0078 0.0037 (mas fraction)

Child, adult 275295

mOsmol/kg H2O
U/L
145420

1011 yr

Pyruvate

0.411

0.060.24 g/dL or

19 yr

Protein, total

mmol/L

7 days2 yr

Prealbumin
(transthyretin)

145216 U/L

1.22.6

Phosphatase,
alkaline

P(H)

06 days

Potassium

3.38

mg/dL

Osmolality

Phosphorus,
inorganic

COMMENTS

130560

U/L
1

145420

130560

(Lockitch,
Halstead, and
Albersheim et
al., 1988)

37C aw

1213 yr

200495

105420

200495

105420

1415 yr

130525

70230

130525

70230

1619 yr

65260

50130

65260

50130

S,
P(H)

mg/dL

mmol/L

0.3229

1.552.65

05 days

4.88.2

13 yr

3.86.5

1.252.10

411 yr

3.75.6

1.201.80

1215 yr

2.95.4

0.951.75

1619 yr

2.74.7

0.901.50

w (Meites,
1989)

mmol/L

mmol/L

3.07.0

r (Meites, 1989)
Increased by
hemolysis;
serum values
systematically
higher than
plasma values

<2 mo

3.07.0

212 mo

3.56.0

3.56.0

>12 mo

3.55.0

3.55.0

3.54.5 mmol/L

3.54.5 mmol/L

P
26 mo

142330

612 mo

120274

13 yr

108259

mg/L

mg/L

142330

s (Sherry et
al.,1988)

120274
108259
g/dL

g/L

10

4376

Premature

4.37.6

Newborn

4.67.4

4674

17 yr

6.17.9

6179

812 yr

6.48.1

6481

1319 yr

6.68.2

6682

717 yr

0.076 0.026
mmol/L

mmol/L

0.076 0.026 mmol/L

mmol/L

Newborn

134146

134146

Infant

139146

139146

Child

138145

138146

(Meites, 1989)

(Pianosi et
al.,1995)

ANALYTE OR
PROCEDURE

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Thyroid uptake of radioactive

iodine

SPECIMEN

REFERENCE
VALUES (USA)

136146

136146

Premature (2836
wk)

mIU/L

mIU/L

1st wk of life Term

infants

0.727.0

Cord blood

2.313.2

2.313.2

12 days

3.234.6

3.234.6

34 days

0.715.4

0.715.4

0.727.0

220 wk

1.79.1

1.79.1

21 wk20 yr

0.76.4

0.76.4

2 hr

<6%

6 hr

320%

6 hr 0.030.20

24 hr

830%

24 hr 0.080.30

0.43.0%

Activity over
thyroid gland

Activity over
thyroid gland

After 24 hr

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
(hTRH)

560 pg/mL

Thyroxine-binding globulin
(TBG)

COMMENTS

Thereafter

Thyroid uptake of technetium

99 m

Thyroxine, total

CONVERSION REFERENCE
FACTOR
VALUES (SI)

0.01

0.01
2.759

mg/dL
Cord blood

1.49.4

2 hr <0.06

Fractional uptake
0.0040.030
14165 pmol/L
mg/L

10

1494

14 wk

1.09.0

1090

112 mo

2.07.6

2076

15 yr

2.95.4

2954

510 yr

2.55.0

2550

1015 yr

2.14.6

2146

Adult

1.53.4

1534

Full-term infants

(Nichols
Institute
Diagnostics)

12.9

Full-term infants

g/dL

(Esoterix
Endocrinology)
nmol/L

13 days

8.219.9

13 days

106256

1 wk

6.015.9

1 wk

77205

112 mo

6.114.9

112 mo

79192

Prepubertal
children

Prepubertal children

13 yr

6.813.5

310 yr

5.512.8

Pubertal children and adults

13 yr

88174

310 yr

71165

Pubertal children and adults

4.213.0

Thyroxine, free

Thyroxine, total

W
Triidothyronine,
free

Triiodothyronine
resin uptake test

Newborn infants

ng/dL

3 days

Full-term infants

pmol/L

2.04.9

3 days

2663

Infants

0.92.6

Infants

1233

Prepubertal
children

0.82.2

Prepubertal children

1028

Pubertal children
and adults

0.82.3

Pubertal children
and adults

1030

Newborn screen
(filter paper)

6.222.0 g/dL

12.9

54167

12.9

80283 nmol/L

pg/dL

pmol/L

0.01536

0.33.7

Cord blood

20240

13 dys

200610

6 wk

240560

3.78.6

Adult (2050 yr)

230660

3.510.0

3.19.4

Fractional uptake

(Esoterix
Endocrinology)

ANALYTE OR
PROCEDURE

SPECIMEN

REFERENCE
VALUES (USA)

CONVERSION REFERENCE
FACTOR
VALUES (SI)

COMMENTS

(T3RU)
Newborn 2636%

0.01

Thereafter 2635%
Triiodothyronine,
total

Urea nitrogen

Uric acid

REFERENCE:
Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics - 18e.

0.260.36
0.260.35

ng/dL

nmol/L

0.0154

0.461.08

Cord blood

3070

Newborn

75260

1.164.00

15 yr

100260

1.544.00

510 yr

90240

1.393.70

1015 yr

80210

1.233.23

Thereafter

115190

S, P

1.772.93
mg/dL

mmol urea/L

0.357

7.514.3

Cord blood

2140

Premature (1 wk)

325

1.19.0

Newborn

312

1.14.3

Infant or child

518

1.86.4

Thereafter

718

2.56.4

mg/dL

mol/L

59.48

100350

15 yr

1.75.8

611 yr

2.26.6

130390

M 1219 yr

3.07.7

180460

F 1219 yr

2.75.7

160340

j (Meites,
1989)