1.

Globalisation

What is Globalisation?
The International Monetary Funds (IMF) definition of globalisation is:

the growing economic interdependence of countries worldwide through increasing volume and variety of cross border transactions in goods and services, freer international capital flows, and more rapid and widespread diffusion of technology.

Simply Put, it is.

the process by which people, their cultures, money, goods and information can be transferred between countries with few or no barriers.

Is Globalisation a new phenomenon?

The Roman man in the street ate bread baked with wheat grown in North

Africa or Egypt, and fish that had been caught and dried near Gibraltar. He
cooked with North African oil in pots and pans of copper mined in Spain, ate off dishes fired in French kilns, drank wine from Spain or France... The Roman

of wealth dressed in garments of wool from Miletus or linen from Egypt; his
wife wore silks from China, adorned herself with diamonds and pearls from India, and made up with cosmetics from South Arabia... He lived in a house whose walls were covered with coloured marble veneer quarried in Asia Minor; his furniture was of Indian ebony or teak inlaid with African ivory... Lionel Casson - Classicist

Globalisation is nothing new in the sense that countries and continents have always been connected in economic, cultural and political ways through trade, colonialism and cooperation.

So what is different now???

So what is different now???

The nature of the flows began to change in three different ways in the later decades of the 20th century.

Modern Globalisation
GLOBALISATION
Connections between places are lengthening (new links are growing between places that are great distances apart) Faster connections are now occurring. Technological advances have enabled the world to experience time space compression; air travel, telephones, internet access.

The world is becoming more deeply inter-connected. More and more peoples lives now connect with far-away places (e.g. Through purchasing imported commodities or cheaper personal travel). It is no longer just the richest people (the elites) who are living globally.

What has made this possible? The world is effectively shrinking! Information, goods and services can now be transferred much more quickly. The cost of communications has fallen

 To what extent do the definitions appear similar even if they are differently worded?

Do you think the meaning of the word is contested?

Construct a table with two columns, headed similarities and differences

What factors have encouraged Globalisation?

Factors encouraging Globalisation

Factor Explanation Free Trade

International Organisations

Oil Money

TNCs

Communications Technology

Factors encouraging Globalisation

Factor Explanation Free Trade Removing trade tariffs and quotas has prompted easier and faster trade WTO has promoted free trade and trade blocs have encouraged free trade within and between groups of countries

International Organisations

Oil Money

High oil prices in the 1970s created wealth in OPEC countries. Money was loaned to developing nations and this kick started their industrialisation.
TNCs have shifted production to the developing world and created global connections and trade links Satellite and fibre optic comms have led to growth of mobile and internet comms, and falling consumer costs

TNCs

Communications Technology

Factors encouraging Globalisation

Factor Explanation Transport Technology Financial Deregulation

Consumers

The media

Factors encouraging Globalisation

Factor Explanation Transport Technology Containerisation since the 1960s has led to increasingly cheap, automated and efficient methods of transport. Ships carry 9,000+ containers. For high value, low volume goods and people, cheap air travel has revolutionised transport. Government controls on banks, currencies, interest rates and companies have all decreased. This makes investment easier and profits higher. The global consumer has contributed to soaring demand for goods from all corners of the world. Large global media cops have a global reach and present a similar world view of the news, contributing to the sense of a connected world.

Financial Deregulation Consumers

The media

Globalisation Timeline - Phase 1

Economic Communications

Globalisation Timeline - Phase 2

Communications Economic

Types of Globalisation?

What are they???

Types of Globalisation?
Economic Cultural Political Demographic Environmental

Discuss in pairs and come up with your own examples and definitions.

Types of Globalisation?
Economic TNCs, Branding, FDI, world trade Cultural westernisation, news channels Political G8 western democratic dominance Demographic migration and mixing pops Environmental realisation of global threats and solutions

Impacts of globalisation
On finance On politics

On people

On culture

Emerging global village where people share common interests. (film) Global trade barriers being removed. (tariffs, quotas etc.)

Companies (news international Sky, Sun, times owners) influence how people think on issues. Americanisation occurring with internet and media spreading western values and culture.

Uses cheaper labour in developing countries to An expansion of international political supply consumers in MEDCs. organisations. (EU) A loss of national identity. Companies gain power over national governments. Governments may loose control over their countries. Cheaper mobile and internet rates mean communication between people and information is free flowing. Trillions of $ are exchanged electronically every day in payments, loans, shares and debt.

Migrant labour is flowing to areas of high wages and better standards of work.

Global tourism has increased, transporting people to far flung locations.

People with IT, management and finance skills are moving around world to where jobs exist.

Some Trans National Companies (shell oil) have A worldwide reduction in consumer prices higher turnover than some countries GDPs. race to the bottom price