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docking
Preparation of Dry Docking
For a vessel to maintain its class license, and comply with operational requirements, it must carry out planned dry docking every five years for the renewal of the license. In cases like collision or under water damage the vessel will be brought in for unplanned dry docking for repairs. purpose The main objective in carrying out dry docking is to ensure ships are operational and to maintain their class license. Structural machinery and various components are subjected to inspection and maintenance to ensure sea worthiness. Dry docking is also required if a ship has sustained damage to the underwater structure due to grounding, collision or any other damage which will affect the water integrity of the ships hull. Dry Dock Periods
A docking survey should be carried out twice within a 5 year period. The intermediate survey must be completed within 3 years. One of the two docking surveys within the 5 year period should coincide with a special survey. A Docking Survey is considered to coincide with the Special Survey when held within the 15 months prior to the due date of the Special Survey. An in water survey may be accepted in lieu of the intermediate survey For vessels operating in fresh water special consideration may be given. Preparing the Ship for Dry Docking 1. Make a repair and maintenance list, create or obtain a dry-dock handbook if required, and assign responsible ship staff to their duties on the list. Divide staff into groups to oversee the work carried out by yard gangs. 2. All spare parts must be checked and repair items kept ready for use. 3. Previous dry dock reports should be studied and previous clearance measures noted. 4. Clean engine room tank top and bilges. 5. Prepare sewage treatment tanks, dirty oil tanks and bilge tanks. 6. Flushing of bilge lines is to be carried out prior to dry dock. 7. The oil-water separator filter element should be renewed and the system checked for satisfactory operation. 8. For tankers, all cargo tanks are cleaned and gas freed. 9. Minimum bunkers (Fuel Oil and Fresh water) and ballast carried. 10. All heavy weights secured prior to dry dock.
11. All tanks and cofferdams must be sounded and recorded. 12. Fire fighting plans and safety measures discussed before dry dock 13. Fire fighting equipment on board should be checked and kept ready for use. 14. Emergency lighting and generator should be tested before entry. 15. Escape routes must be clearly marked. 16. All valves and chests to be overhauled must be clearly marked. 17. Shore connections for cooling water and fire line are to be readied. 18. Main engine, generators, and boiler are changed over to diesel oil. 19. CO2 total flooding systems are secured and locked before entry. 20. Vessel must approach dock with even keel.
-Dock gates closed -Moorings checked to hold vessel -Moorings adjusted to align ship fore and aft -Dock pumps commenced pumping out dock water -Block contact made and vessel enters critical period -Vessel sewed on blocks fore and aft -Side shores passed to port and starboard -Residual water cleared from dock -Gangway access landed between shore and ships side -Gangway walkable -Pilot dismissed -Pumping of the dock complete and dock floor walkable
Once the ship is braught directly above the keel blocks on which it will be laid on, divers are sent in the dock to ensure the ship sits exactly on the keel blocks as the water is being pumped out of the dock. The pump room located at the foward end of the dock controls the rate of water being pumped out of the dock. This process can also be refered to as de-ballasting the dock. This is what a ship will look like after the dock is fully de-ballasted.
Once the ship sits properly on the keel blocks, fire hydrants, safety signs and a shore gangway is attached to it. Safety personnel then inspect the ship and mark dangerous areas on it with a Red tape. This is done so that hot work can be carried out with care. An example of such an area would be the fuel oil tanks. Application for all the necessary permits are then made. These permits include hot work permit, cold work and enclosed space permits. Gas checks are also carried out in enclosed spaces every day to ensure maximum safety.
When the docking work is near completion, the ships personnel as well as the shipyard personnel will need to carry out their respective checks on the vessel and around the dock area. Once the ship has finished dry docking it may not be immediately ready for normal trading. There are many tests which must be carried out first. These tests engine tests and sea trials and will be explained further in this section. The dry dock is not the loading port of the ship and hence the ship would leave the dock in the ballast condition on route to its loading port. There are various duties and logs that need to be taken before and when the ship is leaving the dock. These are summarized in the topics descussed below:
Tugs, the marine pilot and linesmen would need to be ordered to standby for the time of departure. Ships crew would be placed on standby on the fore and aft ends to tend moorings. Finally, the chief officer would sign the Authority to Flood Certificate. This is provided that he is satisfied that the Dry Dock Authority has completed the docking specification and that the ship is in a seaworthy condition. This certificate should then be completed to allow the flooding of the dock to commence.