Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
WEEK 4
EARLY ADULTHOOD
Age range: 18 25 (Ader, 2000). Still at the stage of exploring (eg. career path, identity, lifestyle etc). The most widely recognized marker of entry into adulthood is when an individual takes up permanent, full-time job. Other criteria
New Freedom
New Responsibilities
EARLY ADULTHOOD
STRESS FACTORS
Intimate Relationships
Finances
Room-mate Conflicts
EARLY ADULTHOOD
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
PEAK PERFORMANCE; HEALTHIEST Age: 19 - 26
Eg: decline in muscle tone & strength; sagging chins; protruding abdomens; decline of sensory system.
Age: 30
EARLY ADULTHOOD
Diet
EARLY ADULTHOOD
Realistic & Pragmatic Thinking -operational-
Cognitive Development
Postformal Thought
-realistic solutions to problems; emotion and subjective factors influence the thinking
EARLY ADULTHOOD
Temperament
Socioemotional
Fewer emotional mood swings More responsible
EARLY ADULTHOOD
Attachment 1 =
A relationship between 2 individuals who feel strongly about each other and do a number of things to continue the relationship
Socioemotion Issues
Childhood
Secure Or Insecure
Early Adulthood
EARLY ADULTHOOD
Familiarity And Similarity
Attraction Q: What attracts others to us? Same level , to certain extent Physical Attraction
EARLY ADULTHOOD
Loneliness Due to Social Isolation More Issues Parental Roles Marriage
MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
PHYSICAL CHANGES: The rates of aging differ from one person to another.
Genetic Lifestyle
MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
Cognitive
MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
1. Crystallized Intelligence ( Accumulated information and verbal skills ).
2. Expertise ( as the result of many years of experience, learning and effort; rely on experience to solve problems; process information automatically and analyze it more efficiently; better strategies, more creative and flexible in solving problems).
3. Practical Problem Solving (eg. How to handle landlord who refuse to fix rooftop).
MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
1. Fluid Intelligence ( ones ability to reason abstractly). 2. Speed of Information Processing ( eg. To press a button as soon as see a light appear).
3. Memory (the amount of information that can be immediately retrieved and used from working memory (short-term memory) becomes more limited.
MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
Socioemotion
A crisis stage : generativity v.s stagnation (Erikson, 1978)
MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
Generativity v.s Stagnation
Biological Parental Work Cultural
MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
Knowledge
Cognitive Domain
Application
Evaluation
Synthesis Analysis
Perception
Response
Giving Feedbacks
Evaluate
Organize
Unit 4:
Taksonomi Perubahan Tingkah Laku
Taksonomi perubahan tingkah laku adalah garispanduan dalam penulisan objektif latihan(am) dan juga penulisan objektif pembelajaran(spesifik). 3 kategori/domain Objektif pembelajaran:
Domain Kognitif Domain Afektif Domain Psikomotor
Domain Psikomotor
Pergerakan tubuh badan secara keseluruhan Pergerakan halus yang berkoordinasi Komunikasi tanpa bahasa Bercakap
Penjelasan Objektif
Objektif pembelajaran yang mengandungi kemahiran intelek, kognitif, percakapan, motor dan sikap (Gagne, 1974).
Bruce (1980) mengelaskan objektif kepada pengetahuan, pemahaman, sikap dan kemahiran.
Komponen-komponen Objektif
Dalam konteks program latihan, objektif merangkumi komponen-komponen:
Pelatih yang terlibat Perlakuan yang hendak dicapai Kriteria yang digunakan untuk menilai pencapaian Tahap pencapaian
Komponen-komponen Objektif
Penerima/subjek Perubahan perlakuan Isi kandungan Keadaan atau situasi Jangkamasa
3 komponen objektif
Prestasi
Perlakuan yang dapat dibuat oleh pelatih setelah tamat latihan (pengetahuan, sikap dan kemahiran)
Keadaan
Situasi pada sesuatu prestasi yang dilakukan oleh pelatih
Piawai
Kriteria menilai sejauhmana pelatih patut membuat sesuatu tugas. Dinyatakan dalam ukuran kualiti,kuantiti, had masa atau kadar kelajuan
Objektif merupakan satu kenyataan tentang perkara yang perlu dilakukan oleh pelatih setelah dia tamat latihan dan dapat diukur pencapaiannya