EEEN60121 hree hours Three Answer Books to be provided. ‘Smith Chart to be provided by the Exams Office. UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Degree of MSc Optical Communications, Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Analysis Section A - Fundamentals of Optical Communications: Prof Rezazadeh Section B - Semiconductor Materials and Devices: Prof Missous Section C - Microwave Network Analysis: Prof Gibson 14 January 2008 09:45 - 12:45 Answer FOUR questions, ONE from each section and ONE further question from any section. Use SEPARATE answer books for each section. If a Smith Chart is used, please write your ID number on it and attach it to the appropriate answer book. Calculators may be used, provided that they cannot store text. 1of 9EEEN60121 Section A - Fundamentals of Optical Communications Qu Note: (q = 1.6 x10"9C) (a) Qualitatively describe the mechanism by which electromagnetic waves may be guided by the following media. You may make sketches to illustrate your answers. : Coaxial cable - Microstrip - An optical fibre [8 marks] (b) A specially fabricated p-n semiconductor photodiode has a top window to permit incident radiation to impact the p-type region. By considering the photo-absorption on the p-side and the depletion region show that the fraction of optical power absorbed by the depletion region labelled the overall efficiency, no Is given by: To = Ryexp(- aw, }ft —exp(- oss) Where: Ry is the Fresnel factor, a is the absorption coefficient, W is the depletion width, Wp is the width of the p-region. [9 marks] (c) Show that the signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio of a photodetector with negligible dark current and a responsivity, R can be given by: A SNR = R(—*) CP where Popt is the incident optical power, B is the detection band width and q is the unity charge. The optical responsivity of a special p-i-n photodiode is 0.5A/W at the wavelength used. What is the SNR in dB for this device if the detection bandwidth is 5.5MHz and the incident optical power is 20xW. (assume that the dark current may be neglected). [8 marks] 20f9Q2 EEEN60121 Section A - Fundamentals of Optical Communications (a) Give at least four reasons for using optical fibres for (b « communications rather than the traditional copper cables. [5 marks] Considering simple ray theory draw a suitable diagram to show the propagation of a light ray through a step index optical fibre. With the aid of this diagram define the numerical aperture (NA) of this fibre. By using mathematical proof show that the NA of the fibre depends only upon the refractive indices of the fibre cladding and core. [12 marks] Discuss briefly optical signal attenuation (transmission) within an optical fibre and derive an expression for light propagation in terms of signal attenuation per unit length in dB/km. An optical fibre has a length of 2km and transmission loss of 2dB/km at an optical wavelength of 850nm. If the optical power of 4mW is input into the fibre at one end, what is the optical power at the other end? You may assume that there are no connectors or splices. [8 marks} 30f9