Notes on MEANING FROM DATA - STATISTICS MADE CLEAR [Video] Dr. Michael Starbird, University of Texas Statistics 1.

organize 2. describe 3. summarize Five Number 1. minimum Summary 2. 1st quartile 3. median 4. 3rd quartile 5. maximum Note: check for outliers Describing 1. shape Distribution 2. center 3. spread Data Presentation 1. Box plot 2. Histogram 3. Scatter plot Statistical Inference 1. how close 2. how confident Dispersion/Spread 1. mean/median 2. average/standard deviation 3. variance Note: n-1 for sample while n for population; d/dm {E|xm|^2}=0 Shape 1. symmetric 2. skewed 3. bimodal Distribution 1. uniform 2. Poisson 3. exponential 4. binomial 5. Gaussian/normal Note: z-score, central limit theorem Correlation 1. positive 2. negative Note: not cause/effect relationship Regression 1. least squares regression line 2. residual 3. multiple regression Probability 1. workhorse for inference Sample 1. subset of population 2. SRS: simple random sample 3. avoid inaccurate representation and biased questions Hypothesis Testing 1. null hypothesis 2. p value 3. level of significance 1

Confidence Interval Errors Experiment design

Applications

4. t distribution 1. how close/sure 2. sample size 1. type I 2. type II 1. control of variables 2. placebo effect 3. double blind experiment 4. randomness 5. Hawthorne effect 6. lurking variable 1. chi-square statistic 2. Simpson's paradox 3. plurality count 4. vote for two 5. Borda count 6. pair wise sequential voting 7. arrow's impossibility theorem 8. Condorcet paradox 9. cycle wash-off/elimination 10. Kruskal-Wallis test 11. z score 12. slugging percentage 13. population estimator 14. maximum likelihood estimator 15. expected value of estimator 16. unbiased estimator 17. extended warranty 18. market value assessment 19. explanatory/response variable 20. least squares regression 21. data = model + residual 22. variation correlation 23. residual ratio 24. multiple linear regression 25. ANOVA 26. statistical distortion 27. extrapolation 28. correlation vs causation 29. factor analysis 30. Myers-Briggs Personality type 31. regression to the mean 32. consumer price index 33. market basket 34. data mining 35. Benford's law 36. discriminant analysis