Potential Transformer

Used to operate voltmeter, potential coil of wattmeter, etc. Primary winding is connected across the line carrying the voltage to be measured and the voltage circuit is connected across secondary winding. Loading of P.T. is always small i.e., only a few Volt-Ampere (VA)
Normal secondary voltage is 110V

Difference w.r.t. C.T.: The P.T. may be considered as parallel transformer with secondary winding operating nearly under open circuit condition
whereas th C.T. may be thought as a series transformer under virtual short h the C T b th ht i t f d it l h t circuit condition
thus the secondary winding of a P.T. can be open circuited without any damage

The primary winding current in a C.T. is independent of the secondary winding circuit condition while the same in a P.T. depend upon the secondary circuit burden. burden In a P.T., full line voltage is impressed upon its terminal
whereas a C.T. is connected in series with one line CT
so, a small voltage exist across its terminal However, the C.T. carries the full line current

 The expression of transformation ratio and phase angle is explained on the b d l i d h board

Errors in C.T.: Ratio error = (Kn-R)/R Phase angle error ()

taken as +ve when Vs (reversed) leads the Vp taken as -ve when Vs (reversed) lags the Vp

Reduction of error in P.T.: PT: By reducing the value of Im and Ie

Requires short magnetic path, good quality core material, low flux q g p ,g q y , density in core

Winding resistance can be minimized by using thick conductors and considering smallest length of mean turn The leakage reaction can be neglected by keeping the two winding as close as possible

Protection of P.T.: A short circuit on secondary side of a P.T. can lead to complete damage of the transformer l t d f th t f
To avoid it, fuses are used on the primary side (high voltage side)

Fuses are also used in secondary side to protect the P.T. against faulty switching and defective earthing