Test, Test

qarTuli `desanti~ ukrainaSi gv. 20 muxrovanis amboxi politikis gareSe gv. 24 daniSnuli arCeuli Tavmjdomare gv.
27 VS 10 saskolo gamocda gv. 10 kavkasiuri dilema gv. 36 saxelmwifo Senze Wkviania gv. 33 jariskacebi saklaso oTaxSi gv. 40 qarTveli oligarqis `jiRa~ gv. 46 saxadi # 5 _ daviT zurabiSvili gv. 52
# 17
27 ianvari - 9 Tebervali 2010
fasi 2.80 lari
epoqis dasasruli gv. 12
# 17 / 27 ianvari - 9 Tebervali 2010
nomerSi: 20 02 04 06 10 redaqtori mokled vrclad ori azri aamaRlebs Tu ara axali sagamocdo sistema ganaTlebis xarisxs? gia murRulia v.s. simon janaSia fokusi - arCevnebi ukrainaSi epoqis dasasruli interviu revoluciiT gacruebuli imedebi kost bondarenko interviu revolucia _ progresi logikuri dasasrulis gareSe aleqsei garani ukrainis arCevani 22 ukraina 2010 qarTvelebi doneckSi ukraina 2010 `qarTuli desanti" ukrainaSi politika muxrovanis amboxi politikuri sarCulis gareSe centraluri saarCevno komisiis Tavmjdomaris arCevnebi daniSnuli arCeuli Tavmjdomare prezidentis Sexvedra gurul mosaxleobasTan msaxiobebi mosaxleobis rolSi ekonomika `qamrebis SemoWeris~ saeWvo efeqti Jurnalisturi gamoZieba saxelmwifo Senze Wkviania 36 38 39 konfliqtebi kavkasiuri dilema CrdiloeT kavkasia kavkasiis ufrosi azerbaijani azerbaijanuli propaganda somxur enaze sazogadoeba jariskacebi saklaso oTaxSi Tvalsazrisi gamosaSvebi gamocdebi, rogorc ganaTlebis xarisxis marTvis Semadgeneli elementi aleqsandre (kaxa) lomaia Tvalsazrisi qarTveli oligarqis `jiRa~ nestan TaTaraSvili momxmareblis uflebebi ararsebuli arCevani 50 Zaladoba ojaxSi msxverplisa da moZaladis Caketili wre saubrebi liberalizmze saxadi 5 recenzia ugmiro Taoba
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garekanze:
epoqis dasasruli foto: sergei starostenko
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Jurnali `liberali~ gamoicema fondi `Ria sazogadoeba - saqarTvelos~ mxardaWeriT.
liberali . ianvari - Tebervali 2010 . 17
redaqtori
`timoSenkosa da ianukoviCis dueti kremlis yvelaze kompleqsuri da saSiSi politikis nawilia~ _ es viqtor iuSCenkos sityvebia. 11 ianvars man yofili Tanamoazre iulia timoSenko idealebis RalatSi amxila. ukrainis prezidentma Tqva, rom timoSenkom miatova proevropuli kursi da ruseTis sasargeblo politikis gatarebas Seudga. viqtor iuSCenkos nato-sken swrafvam da saqarTvelos mokavSireobam, romelic ruseTis winaaRmdeg gadadgmul nabijad Sefasda, didwilad ganapiroba misi 5%-iani maCvenebeli arCevnebSi. 2008 wels ruseTsaqarTvelos omis Semdeg mixeil saakaSvilis axlo megobarma timoSenkos neitraluri pozicia sastikad gaakritika da Tqva, rom is ruseTis davalebas asrulebda. `Cven Tavs komfortulad vgrZnobT timoSenkos mTavrobasTan muSaobisas. vfiqrob, misi premierobis dros ruseT-ukrainis urTierTobebi stabiluri da Zlieri gaxda~, _ es vladimir putinma ukrainaSi winasaarCevnod vizitis dros, timoSenkosTan Sexvedris Semdeg ganacxada. yvela telekameram gadaiRo, rogor gulianad icinoda qalbatoni timoSenko putinis arakoreqtul xumrobaze: `kargi iqneba, Tu ori prezidenti (iuSCenko-saakaSvili) halstuxebis gareSe ivaxSmebs... halstuxebs axla fasi adevs, ra ici, ra xdeba~...
saqarTvelosTvis ukrainis aseT prezidentze uaresi mxolod is aris, vinc miniSnebebs afxazeTisa da oseTis aRiarebaze akeTebs da ukrainis nato-Si Sesvlis winaaRmdegia. swored aseTia viqtor ianukoviCi. is ukrainel xalxs ukve dahpirda, rom arCevis SemTxvevaSi ruseTTan iseT urTierTobebs daamyarebs, romelzec rusi da ukraineli xalxebi ìstoriulad ocnebobdnen~. ukrainis saprezidento maraTonSi saqarTvelo 2000 narCevi damkvirvebliT aqtiurad CaerTo. saqarTvelos prezidenti anonimur audioCanawerSi ìulias~ _ damkvirveblebis sakiTxis mogvarebas, Sinagan saqmeTa ministri ki doneckSi xalxis gadayvanisTvis TviTmfrinavebs sTxovs. Canaweris avTenturoba ar uaruyvia saubrebis arc erT monawiles. rogorc Cans, arCevani cudsa da uaress Soris Cvenma xelisuflebam ukve gaakeTa, Tumca daaviwyda, rom es arCevani misi gasakeTebeli ar aris.
sofo Waava, politikisa da saerTaSoriso ambebis ganyofilebis redaqtori sofia.chaava@liberali.ge
www.liberali.ge 2
redaqtorebi: mTavari redaqtori Sorena SaverdaSvili /aRmasrulebeli redaqtori nino jafiaSvili / politika da saerTaSoriso ambebi sofo Waava / kavkasia da konfliqtebi sofo bukia / Jurnalisturi gamoZieba beso kurtaniZe / sazogadoeba Tamar babuaZe / adamianis uflebebi da samarTali nino beqiSvili / axali ambebi naTia axalaSvili redaqcia: foto-redaqtori levan xerxeuliZe / grafikuli dizaini Tornike lorTqifaniZe / redaqtor-stilisti nino svaniZe / koreqtori nino saiTiZe gamomcemloba: proeqtis menejeri qeTi babunaSvili / proeqtis menejeris asistenti lela SubiTiZe / reklamis da gayidvebis direqtori Salva CubiniZe / distributori zviad Sengelia gamomcemeli: Sps `liberali~. misamarTi: Tbilisi 0162, faliaSvilis q. 108. tel.: (995 32) 232235, 233731, 912326. el-fosta: info@liberali.ge sxva gamocemebi: `cxeli Sokoladi~, `cxeli Sokoladi _ literatura~, `biznesi: adamianebi, meTodebi, strategiebi~. `liberalis~ saavtoro uflebebi daculia. JurnalSi gamoqveynebuli masalebis nawilobrivi da/an mTliani gamoyeneba redaqciis Tanxmobis gareSe akrZalulia. beWdva: stamba `sezani~. misamarTi: Tbilisi, wereTlis gamz. 140. tel.: (995 32) 35 70 02. tiraJi: 5000 cali. gamodis or kviraSi erTxel. pirveli nomeri gamocemulia 2009 wlis maisSi. rekomendebuli sacalo fasi 2,80 lari. ISSN 1987-7528
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mokled
`mama buasilis~ saqme

e.w. `mama buasilis~ saqmeze ori axalgazrdis dakiTxvidan 3 Tvis Semdeg Sss-s analitikuri departamentis xelmZRvaneli SoTa utiaSvili `liberalTan~ saubrisas acxadebs, rom am saqmeze gamoZieba ar dawyebula. misi TqmiT, 16 wlis moswavlisa da 21 wlis studentis dakiTxva mxolod danaSaulis faqtis dasadgenad gaxda saWiro. àRmoCnda, rom am adamianebs ar CaudeniaT danaSauli. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi ar aris muxli, romliTac maTi qmedeba daisjeba~, _ acxadebs SoTa utiaSvili. Tumca, 2009 wlis 1 noembers Ss saministrom ganacxada, rom kaTalikospatriarqis, ilia II-is Seuracxmyofeli da uxamsi video rgolis damzadebisa da internetiT gavrcelebis faqtze winaswari gamoZieba daiwyo~. eWvmitanilis saxlidan policiam kompiuterebi amoiRo, axalgazrdebi ki raionul prokuraturaSi dakiTxes. erT-erTi dakiTxulis advokati gagi mosiaSvili ambobs, rom misi dacvis qveS myofi mowmis statusiT dakiTxes, es ki SeuZlebelia, Tu faqtze gamoZieba ar aris dawyebuli. iuristebis ganmartebiT, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gamoZieba am faqtze marTlac ar dawyebula, axalgazrdebi mxolod danaSaulis niSnebis Semcveli faqtis Ziebis farglebSi unda daekiTxaT. danaSaulis ardadasturebis SemTxvevaSi ki unda Semdgariyo dadgenileba Ziebis SewyvetasTan dakavSirebiT. dacvis mxares msgavsi dadgenileba dRemde ar miuRia. Sss-s 21 wlis giorgisTvis arc is nivTebi daubrunebia, romlebic misi saxlidan amoiRes.
miwisZvris Sedegebi haitize, ianvari 2010
miwisZvra haitize
daRupulTa raodenoba, SesaZloa, 200 aTasze meti iyos. 7,2-balianma biZgebma mTlianad daangria haitis dedaqalaqi _ port-o-prensi. respublika haiti erT-erTi yvelaze Raribi, arastabiluri qveyanaa msoflioSi, romelic mudmivad SimSils, stiqiur ubedurebebsa da saxelmwifo gadatrialebebs ganicdis. sikvdilianobis maRali maCvenebeli imanac ganapiroba, rom es qveyana sruliad moumzadebeli aRmoCnda saerTaSoriso humanitaruli daxmarebis misaRebadac ki, rom araferi vTqvaT katastrofis pirveladi Sedegebis damoukideblad likvidaciaze. miwisZvram saxelmwifo mniSvnelobis Senobebi daangria, maT Soris _ prezidentis sasaxlec da saavadmyofoebic. gadarCenilebi masobrivad iRupebian sasmeli wylis, sakvebisa da samedicino daxmarebis uqonlobis gamo. `qalaqi savsea gvamebiT. arnaxul masStabebs miaRwia marodiorobam. amerikel jariskacebs quCebSi patrulireba uwevT, maTi samaSvelo operacia ki sul ufro emsgavseba farTomasStabian samxedro operacias~, _ port-o-prensidan gadmoscems `bibisis~ korespondenti meT frai. usaxlkarod darCenilTa raodenoba milion-naxevars aRwevs. humanitaruli misiis ganxorcielebas haitize 16 aTasi amerikeli jariskacisa da gaero-s egidiT myofi 9 aTasze meti policielis monawileoba dasWirda.
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port-o-prensis aeroporti, romelsac dRes aSS akontrolebs, mTeli msofliodan humanitaruli tvirTebis miRebas ver audis. daxmarebis gasagzavnad mzadaa saqarTveloc. Tumca, 250 aTasi laris odenobis qarTul humanitarul tvirTs port-o-prensis gadatvirTuli aeroporti jerjerobiT ver iRebs. aSS-s saxelmwifo biujetidan haiti 100 milion dolars miiRebs. amdenive Caericxeba msoflio bankidan. 10 milions gaiRebs gaero. soliduri Tanxa Segrovda 22 ianvars londonSi gamarTuli koncerti-maraTonis msvlelobisas, romlis organizatorebi msaxiobi jorj kluni da warmoSobiT haiteli momRerali uaiklif jini iyvnen. ramdenime qveyana ukve gamovida iniciativiT, gaamartivos sakuTari moqalaqeebisTvis haiteli oboli bavSvebis Svilad ayvanis procedurebi. jer kidev miwisZvramde, aq 380 aTasi oboli iyo. rogorc msoflio presa wers, humanitarul daxmarebaze aranakleb mniSvnelovania, Tu ra moxdeba haitize mas Semdeg, rac qveyana nangrevebisgan ganTavisufldeba. `miwisZvram aCvena, rom haiti susti qveyanaa, romelsac marTavs mxolod sakuTar keTildReobaze orientirebuli adamianebis viwro wre. am qveyanas aranairi strategiuli mniSvneloba ar aqvs, amitom saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobam igi daiviwya. Tu msoflios marTla surs haitis gadarCena, maSin momavalSi es ase aRar unda gagrZeldes~, _ wers britanuli Times .
mokled
dava intervius gamo

`Tu ruseTi gaiyvans Tavis SeiaraRebul Zalebs afxazeTidan da samxreT oseTidan, sanacvlod, saqarTvelo uars ityvis nato-s wevrobaze~ _ gigi ugulavas es fraza Newsweek-is rusuli gamocemis hedlainebSi moxvda. interviu Tbilisis merma Jurnalist elizaveta maetnaias 10 ianvars, TbilisSi misca. Newsweek-is vebgverdze interviu 15 ianvars gamoqveynda da mas maleve mohyva Tbilisis meriis reaqcia. ugulavas pressamsaxuris gancxadebiT, Newsweek-is rusul gamocemaSi gamoqveynebuli interviu ùamrav uzustobas Seicavs~ da fraza, romelic natoSi saqarTvelos Sesvlas exeboda, àrasworia~. `baton ugulavas arasdros ugulisxmia, rom saqarTvelos miswrafeba nato-Si pirobiTia da rom SesaZloa am sakiTxiT vaWroba. nato-Si integracia qarTveli xalxis Zlieri survilia, rac dadasturda 2008 wlis 5 ianvars Catarebuli plebiscitiT~, _ weria meriis mier inglisur enaze gavrcelebul gancxadebaSi. aqve aRniSnulia, rom mers ar aqvs uflebamosileba da arc ganzraxva, rom ugulebelyos xalxis neba; gigi ugulava mxars uWers nato-Si saqarTvelos gawevrianebas, rogorc saqarTvelos sagareo politikis erT-erT mTavar elements. Newsweek-is rusuli versiis Jurnalisti elizaveta maetnaia interviuSi yvelanair uzustobas gamoricxavs. misi TqmiT, gigi ugulava TbilisSi, meriis me-19 sarTulze, sakuTar kabinetSi Cawera da intervius ugulavas pressamsaxuris warmomadgenelic eswreboda. `visaubreT saaTze met xans sxvadasxva Temaze. gamovaqveyneT is, rac CavwereT~, _ ambobs maetnaia. Tumca, maetnaia uars ambobs, Tbilisis meriis braldebebis sapasuxod, sakuTari audioCanaweri gamoaqveynos. `me ar getyviT, maqvs Tu ara Canaweri da arc SemiZlia mogceT. Cven amas arasodes vakeTebT~. maetnaias TqmiT, Tu meriis administracias raime sababi hqonda, efiqra, rom interviu damaxinjebuli saxiT gamoqveyndeboda, pressamsaxuris warmomadgenels SeeZlo sakuTari audioCanaweri gaekeTebina.
citatebi
`rodesac aTeulobiT aTasi rusi jariskaci SemoiWra saqarTveloSi, amdeni ar eteoda saqarTvelos okupirebul teritoriaze. amitom es nawilebi win da ukan dadiodnen. rusi generali, maTi Cveulebisamebr, roca iyo Semosuli, egreve daiwyo tankebis benzinis gayidva adgilobriv biznesmenebze. aman, sxvaTa Soris, dro mogvagebina, imitom rom didi azartiT da siamovnebiT yiddnen. es biznesi aewyo da radgan momaragebis xazebi CaWrili iyo, sawvavs mosaxleobac maTgan yidulobda, Tan iafad. Cveni adgilobrivi biznesmenebis morigi misvlis dros, am generalma uTxra _ `didi bodiSi, magram dRes miviReT brZaneba Tbilisze wasvlis. amitom dRes benzins ver mogyidiT, magram Tu gindaT mogyidi erT rames. me viyavi vietnamSi, roca leitenanti viyavi, vasrulebdi Cems amerikelebTan brZolis internacionalur vals. maSin erTi amerikeli mfrinavi aviyvaneT da nadavlad misi piradi pistoleti wamoviRe. Tu ginda mogyidi am pistolets~. am biznesmenma es pistoleti iyida da Semdeg misca adgilobriv xelisuflebas. me minda axla es pistoleti simbolurad davubruno did amerikel mfrinavs, jon makeins. saqarTvelos prezidenti mixeil saakaSvili. 11 ianvari, amerikeli senatoris jon makeinis saqarTveloSi vizitis dros
`me arc erTi kandidati ar mawyobs. Tumca, imisken vixrebi, viszec ufro metad SevZlebT gavlenis moxdenas. es ki timoSenkoa. Tu gazma da fulma ver gviSvela, maSin masze, rogorc qalze, erotikul zemoqmedebas movaxdenT. igi pativmoyvarea da dedoflobaze ocnebobs. misTvis aucilebelia xmamaRali dapirebebi. timoSenkoze gavlenas maSin davkargavT, Tu dasavleTi Cvenze mets Sepirdeba~. vladimir Jirinovski, ruseTis saxelmwifo saTaTbiros Tavmjdomaris moadgile
vrclad
`maestros~ gegmebi
axali ofisi, axali kadrebi da damfinanseblebi _ `maestros~ gundi winasaarCevnod 24-saaTiani sainformacio arxis Seqmnas gegmavs.
nino gogua
neli biznesmenebi daukavSirdebian qarTul arxebs da Semdeg damoukideblad gaagrZeleben molaparakebas. amiT vexmarebi Tavisufal televiziebs, romlebic Tu ukeT iqnebian teqnikurad aRWurvilebi, simarTles mTel saqarTveloSi gaitanen~, _ ganacxada noRaidelma. `liberalTan~ saubarSi zurab noRaideli ganmartavs, rom `maestros~, da `kavkasiis~ garda, ucxoel biznesmenebs qarTuli regionuli telearxebis dafinansebac sTxova. erosi kiwmariSvilma ramdenime Tvis win Riad mouwoda yvelas, maT Soris noRaidelsac, `maestrosTvis~ investiciis mozidvaSi daxmarebisken, Tumca àmis Semdeg raime konkretuli molaparakeba noRaidelTan ar yofila~. `maestros~ dafinansebis sakiTxi mediis yuradRebis centrSi maSinac moxvda, roca erosi kiwmariSvilis gancxadebiT, qibar xalvaSisgan televiziisTvis nasesxebi fuli, 45 000 dolari irakli oqruaSvilis mZRols `niRbianebma~ misi saxlis sadarbazosTan waarTves. samarTaldamcavebs am faqtze aravin daukavebiaT. rogorc Cans, reorganizaciisTvis saWiro Tanxa kiwmariSvilma jerjerobiT srulad ver moiZia. gadacema `profesia reportioris~ wamyvani Tamar Ciqovani ambobs: `jerjerobiT ver davinaxe, rom raime damatebiTi finansebi Semovida. Jurnalistebi isev dabal xelfasze muSaoben. ofisi, sadac arxi gadavida, erosi kiwmariSvilis mosvlamdec hqonda `maestros~ da didi xnis ganmavlobaSi aremontebda. imedi maqvs, axali fuli teqnikas da axal studiebs daetyoba, magram jerjerobiT es fuli ar Cans~. Tamar Ciqovani varaudobs, rom misi gadacema axali eTeris dawyebiliberali . ianvari - Tebervali 2010 . 17
foto levan xerxeuliZe
`maestros~ samontaJo, ianvari 2010
Zveli sacxovrebeli saxlis 40 kvadratulmetriani oTaxis Semdeg `maestros~ axal ofisSi sainformacio samsaxurs gacilebiT meti sivrce da SesaZleblobebi aqvs. calkea qarTuli da ucxouri axali ambebis `niusrumebi~, samontaJo da xmis Camweri kabina, menejmentma SeiZina ramdenime kamera da kompiuteri. arxis menejeris erosi kiwmariSvilis TqmiT, `maestro 24-saaTian sainformacio arxad yalibdeba, rogoric `sieneni da `bibisia. samauwyeblo badidan ukve gaqra musikaluri klipebi. sainformacio gamoSvebaSi ùkomentarod~ gaCnda Jurnalistebis saavtoro siuJetebi. `sruli reorganizacia mimdinareobs. Tumca jer yvelaferi Canasaxis stadiazea. arxi jer kidev konceptualurad Camosayalibebelia, infrastruqturac _ mosawesrigebeli, _ ambobs erosi kiwmariSvili. `maestros~ infrastruqturis mowesrigebis finansur mxareze, bolo ramdenime kviraa, kaxa beqauri
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zrunavs. is `pirvel arxze~ wlebis ganmavlobaSi zaza Sengelias moadgile iyo da mauwyeblis finansur sakiTxebs gankargavda. beqauri da kiwmariSvili axla erTad ecdebian TiTqmis gabankrotebuli televiziis reorganizaciisTvis aucilebeli fulis moZiebas. `yvelanair Semowirulobas miviRebT, garda kriminaluri fulisa, magram `maestro~ arasdros ar iqneba damokidebuli aravis nebasurvilze. noRaideli, burjanaZe, saakaSvili, gaCeCilaZe, vinc unda Semoitanos fuli, misaRebia, Tu is Tavisufal sityvas dauWers mxars da sanacvlod arafers waiRebs~, _ ambobs `maestros~ mflobeli mamuka Rlonti. fuls `qarTuli Tavisufali arxebisTvis~ eZebs opoziciaSi gadasuli yofili premier-ministri zurab noRaidelic. is ukrainaSi saprezidento arCevnebis pirveli turis Semdeg gafrinda da rogorc Tavad ambobs, ramdenime ukraineli biznesmeni qarTuli mediisTvis fulis micemazec daiTanxma. ùkrai-
vrclad
sas Seicvleba: ìanvar-TebervalSi gadacema Zveli formatiT gava, Semdeg ra iqneba, ar vici. SeiZleba formati da studia Seicvalos~. gadacema ùcnobi kavkasiis~ produseri da Jurnalisti naTia gamcemliZe ambobs, rom ar aris gamoricxuli wamyvanebis damateba, an Secvla, Tumca radio ùcnobisa~ da `maestros~ TanamSromloba gagrZeldeba: `vici, rom radio ùcnobis~ TanamSromlebTanac awarmoeben molaparakebas individualurad, magram danamdvilebiT arafris Tqma ar SemiZlia~. sakadro cvlilebebi `maestroze~ ukve dawyebulia. kiwmariSvilis gadawyvetilebiT, sainformacio samsaxurs, naTia miqiaSvilis nacvlad, axla `rusTavi 2~-is Zveli TanamSromeli Tamar ruxaZe uxelmZRvanelebs. ruxaZem `rusTavi 2~-is sainformacio samsaxuris prodiuseris Tanamdeboba 2007 wels datova, Semdeg ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi irakli oqruaSvilis partiis presspikerad muSaobda. bolo dromde Tamar ruxaZe Jurnalist nana leJavasTan erTad studia GNS-is erTerTi damfuZnebeli da prodiuseri iyo. is ambobs, rom `maestrosgan~ iseT arxs gaakeTebs, `rogoric qarTul media sivrceSi arc aqamde yofila da arc iqneba. axali gadacemebis mosamzadeblad mimdinareobs molaparakeba ramdenime cnobil JurnalistTan, Tumca miRweul SeTanxmebebze saubars jer yvela erideba. winaswari informaciiT, `maestros~ eTerSi politikur Toq-Sous eka beriZe waiyvans. amave arxze, SesaZloa, saavtoro radiogadacema `dialogis televersiiT gamoCndes eka xoferiac. saerTaSoriso ambebis ganyofilebaSi konsultantis posts sTavazoben germanist laSa baqraZes, romelic ambobs, rom saboloo gadawyvetileba jer ar miuRia. axali eTerisTvis operatorebs aseve `rusTavi 2~-is yofili operatori valeri odikaZe amzadebs. siaxleebia Jurnalistebis samuSao grafikSic _ Jurnalisti ana brolaZe ambobs, rom samuSao procesi bevrad organizebuli da Sinaarsiani gaxda. `maestros~ axali eTeri, savaraudod, martSi daiwyeba.
`baTumelebis~ saqme
anita Tvauri
gazeT `baTumelebis~ Jurnalistze, Tedo jorbenaZeze zewolisa da SantaJis faqtebTan dakavSirebiT Sss-s generaluri inspeqciis mier dawyebuli Sida mokvleva, Tveze metia, uSedegod mimdinareobs. Sss-s analitikuri departamentis xelmZRvanelis SoTa utiaSvilis gancxadebiT, generaluri inspeqciis mier wardgenili fotoebidan Jurnalistma damnaSave ver amoicno da axla misTvis sxva TanamSromlebis fotoebis Cvenebas apireben. `baTumelebis~ redaqtoris eTer TuraZis TqmiT, generalurma inspeqciam maT sod-is TanamSromlebis fotoebi aCvena. maTi informaciiT ki, im sarTulze, sadac Jurnalisti daibares, kontrdazvervis departamentia ganTavsebuli. miuxedavad amisa, gen-inspeqcias amosacnobad maTTvis ar uCvenebia arc erTi kontrdazvervis departamentis TanamSromlis foto. eTer TuraZe samarTaldamcavebs daxmarebas sTavazobs: `SenobaSi Segviyvanon da vaCvenebT im oTaxs, sadac Cven viyaviT im Rames. advili dasadgeni iqneba, im dros im oTaxSi vin imyofeboda, radgan, am samsaxuris Sida struqturidan gamomdinare, Zalian zustad aris gansazRvruli, vin sad zis da rodis da rogor gadaadgildeba~. àxalgazrda iuristTa asociaciis~ Tavmjdomare Tamar xidaSeli ixsenebs, rom am saqmis Sesaxeb 10 ianvars, baTumSi arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan daxurul Sexvedraze saqarTvelos prezidentmac isaubra. `prezidentma Tavad daiwyo saubari gazeT `baTumelebze~. misi sityvebis qveteqsti daaxloebiT aseTi iyo _ `baTumelebi~ iseTs arafers warmoadgens, rom xelisufleba dainteresebuli yofiliyo misi daSinebiT~, _ ambobs xidaSeli. 30 noembers Tedo jorbenaZem aWaris prokuraturas mimarTa saqmis aRZvrasTan dakavSirebiT gancxadebiT, Tumca misTvis dRemde aravis ucnobebia, daiwyo Tu ara gamoZieba.
Camongreuli Senoba Semowmebuli ar yofila

nino gogua
arc mZime teqnika Segvitania SenobaSi. miWirs, raime varaudi gamovTqva, ram gamoiwvia Senobis Camongreva, Tanac Sesvenebaze, rodesac 30-mde sxva muSa gasuli iyo Senobidan~, _ acxadebs biWiko titviniZe. ubeduri SemTxveva samuSaoebis dawyebidan meoTxe dRes moxda. titviniZis ganmartebiT, mis kompanias naxazis an Senobis mdgradobis Semowmeba ar evaleboda da es reestrs unda Seemowmebina, roca SenobaSi Casatarebeli samuSaoebisTvis tenderi gamarTa. sajaro reestris sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis samsaxuris ufrosis eka ergemliZis TqmiT, `Senobis mdgradobis dasadgenad reestrma mimarTa eqspertizis biurosac da `zavrievsac~, romlebic Senobas nagvis gatanis Semdeg Seiswavlidnen da Sesabamisad daskvnac maSin daideboda~. eqspertizis biuro dagegmili samuSaoebis Sesaxeb gamoZiebis dasrulebamde komentars ar akeTebs. zavrievis (kiriak zavrievis samSeneblo meqanikis da seismomedegobis) institutSi ki acxadeben, rom erovnuli gvardiis SenobasTan dakavSirebiT sajaro reestrTan molaparakeba arasodes hqoniaT. 7
gulias quCaze erovnuli gvardiis yofili Senobis Camongreva, ianvari 2010
8 ianvars gulias quCaze erovnuli gvardiis yofili Senobis Camongrevas kompania àlizis~ 4 muSis sicocxle Seewira. 9 sarTulis erTdroulad CamoSlis mizezebis kvleva jer ar dasrulebula. gamoZiebam ori kviris ganmavlobaSi ramdenjerme dakiTxa kompania àlizis~ direqtori biWiko titviniZe. kompania àlizma~ Senobis gawmenda da mopirkeTeba sajaro reestrTan dadebuli xelSekrulebis safuZvelze daiwyo. `reestris mier mocemuli naxazis mixedviT, ar SevxebivarT sayrden kedlebs,
foto giorgi kakulia
vrclad
fasiani sajaro informacia

oficialuri informaciiT samewarmeo reestridan informaciis miReba gamartivda da es procedura ufro gamWvirvale gaxda. realurad ki samewarmeo reestris amonawerze safasuris daweseba sajaro informaciis miRebas zRudavs.
maia wiklauri
dze arsebuli monacemebiTac~, _ ambobda reestris xelmZRvaneli soso wiqariSvili. Tumca aravis uTqvams, rom axal kanonSi gaCnda erTi dabrkoleba _ informaciis misaRebad dawesebuli 15-lariani mosakrebeli. zogadi administraciuli kodeqsis 38-e muxlis mixedviT, dauSvebelia dawesdes raime saxis safasuri sajaro informaciis gacemisTvis, garda aslis gadaRebisTvis aucilebeli Tanxisa. kanonis es punqti sxva dawesebulebebSi daculia da sajaro informaciis aslis, erTi furclis, gacema yvelgan 5 TeTri Rirs. sajaro reestrSi ki Rirebuleba adre 50 TeTrs Seadgenda. `Tu daCqareba mindoda, me magaliTad, 6 lari da 50 TeTric gadamixdia sajaro reestris amonawerSi. am Tanxas vaprotestebdi, radgan am mxriv gansxvaveba sxva dawesebulebebsa da sajaro reestrs Soris Zalian didia. protestze yovelTvis mpasuxobdnen, rom maT Tavisi kanoni aqvT~, _ ambobs givi mgelaZe. imas, rom sajaro reestri sakuTari kanoniT moqmedebs, mewarmeTa da arasamewarmeo iuridiuli pirebis registraciis samsaxuris ufrosi koba baxturiZec adasturebs. is ambobs, rom `sajaro reestris Sesaxeb~ da `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ kanonebi ar Seesabameba zogad administraciul kodeqss. Seusabamoa isic, rom erT sajaro dawesebulebaSi samewarmeo reestris amonaweri, romelic maqsimum 3 furceli SeiZleba iyos, 15 lari Rirs da sxva sajaro samsaxurebSi sajaro informaciis erTi furclis fasi 5 TeTria. àxalgazrda iuristTa asociaciis~ iuristi Tamar gurCiani ganmartavs, rom sajaro reestris erovnuli saagento sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piria _ `sxva saxelmwifo organizaciebisgan gansxvavebiT, sajaro samarTlis iuridiul pirebs ufleba aqvT momsaxurebaze gadasaxadi daaweson. aseTi tipis organizaciebSi arsebobs cduneba, rom momsaxurebas araadekvaturi fasi daadon. ase saxelmwifo ukve fuls Soulobs im informaciis gayidviT, romelic maT kanonmdeblobiT evalebaT, rom gascen~. koba baxturiZe ver ganmartavs, Tu ratom dawesda samewarmeo reestris amonawerze 15 lari da ara 20 an 10 lari. baxturiZe ambobs, rom es Tanxa parlamentis inicirebulia da kiTxvaze, Tu rogor nawildeba informaciaSi gadaxdili fuli, pasuxi kanonis iniciatorebma unda gascen. samwuxarod, `liberalis~ mcdelobis miuxedavad, kanonis iniciatorebTan dakavSireba masalaze muSaobis periodSi ver moxerxda. Tamar gurCianis gancxadebiT, nebismieri saxis mosakrebeli arTulebs informaciis miRebas da aferxebs gamWvirvalobis process. gurCians saerTaSoriso organizacia Article 19-is mier SemuSavebuli informaciis Tavisuflebis da gamWvirvalobis 10 standarti mohyavs, romelTagan, erT-erTis mixedviT, saxelmwifos mier sajaro informaciaze mosakreblis dadgena gamWvirvalobisTvis xelovnur bariers qmnis. `roca informacias ase blokav, es niSnavs, rom xels uwyob korufcias, am sityvis sruli mniSvnelobiT. xval parlamentaris megobari damfuZnebeli rom gaxdes da tenderebi moigos, Jurnalistebs ar eqnebaT saSualeba, gadaamowmon, rom tenders parlamentaris megobari igebs~, _ ambobs nino zuriaSvili.
`sajaro reestridan amonaweris momzadeba 15 lari Rirs~, _ weria cvlilebaSi, romelic parlamentma 2009 wlis 3 noembers miiRo da ZalaSi 2010 wlis 1 ianvridan Sevida. es Tanxa unda gadaixados moqalaqem, romelsac mewarme subieqtisa da damfuZneblis vinaoba ainteresebs. magaliTad, studia `monitoris~ Jurnalists givi mgelaZes gamoZiebis Casatareblad 40 firmis damfuZneblis vinaoba sWirdeba. mas saerTo jamSi 600 laris gadaxda mouwevs. es Tanxa nebismieri moqalaqisa, Tu media organizaciisTvis didi fufunebaa. `vinc raRacas akeTebs JurnalistikaSi da cdilobs, ufro Rrmad Caixedos, Tu ra xdeba am qveyanaSi, maT muSaoba Zalian gauWirdebaT~, _ ambobs studia `monitoris~ xelmZRvaneli nino zuriaSvili. sawarmos damfuZneblisa da mflobelis Sesaxeb informacia 2008 wlis maisSi arasajaro gaxda. kanonSi Setanili cvlilebiT, mimdinare wlidan informacia mflobelisa da damfuZneblis Sesaxeb isev sajaroa. am cvlilebebis mixedviT, informacia ufro gamWvirvale da xelmisawvdomi unda gamxdariyo, misi miRebis procedurac _ ufro martivi. `nebismier msurvels daubrkoleblad SeuZlia isargeblos Cveni saagentos momsaxurebiT da vebgver8
WWW.LIBERALI.GE
ori azri
momxre gia murRulia 24-e sajaro skolis direqtori gamocdebis axali sistemiT SesaZlebeli gaxdeba zogadi ganaTlebis funqciisa da maRali mniSvnelobis dabruneba. zogadi ganaTleba rom umaRlesi ganaTlebis miRebis aucilebeli winapiroba iyo, aqamde cxaddeboda mxolod Teoriulad, magram praqtikulad sxvagvarad gaxldaT. CvenTan moswavlis aqtiuri yofna skolaSi Semoifargleboda imiT, rom is emzadeboda 4 saganSi, radgan skola ganixileboda rogorc umaRlesi ganaTlebis danamati. amitom xSiri iyo gacdenebi, udisciplinoba, yalibdeboda sazogadoebis indiferentulobac skolis mimarT. Cven cnobierebaSi unda dabrundes imis aRqma, rom skola pirovnebis Camoyalibebis da misi bedis gansazRvris umniSvnelovanesi iaraRia. sagamocdo sistemis Secvlis gadawyvetileba axali gamowveva da stimulia skolebisTvis. skolis direqtorebica da maswavleblebic dafiqrdebian, rogor gardaqmnan sistema operatiulad ise, rom am gamowvevebs upasuxon. magram paralelurad, saWiroa, administraciis uflebebic gaizardos. dRes me, rogorc direqtori, maswavleblebs ver vafaseb, es kanoniT ar aris gansazRvruli. arada, maTi Sefaseba unda SemeZlos. yvelaze kargad vici, Cemi maswavleblebi vin arian da Tu saxelmwifo am SefasebaSi ar mendoba, aba, raSi mendoba? anu Zalian mniSvnelovania sakadro politikis principulobac. kargi ganaTleba dakavSirebulia karg maswavlebelTan. imis gamo, rom ar kontroldeboda moswavleebis saskolo Sedegebi, Sesabamisad ar kontroldeboda maswavleblebis profesionalizmic. bolo kvlevebi ki adasturebs, rom Cveni pedagogebis momzadebis xarisxi evropaSi ukanasknel adgilzea. axali sistemis SemoReba ki aCvenebs, vin vin aris. axali sistemis SemoRebiT mSoblebic gaaqtiurdebian. aravin Seurigdeba imas, rom maT Svilebs susti pedagogebi hyavdes. 10 saganSi Svilis momzadebas veravin moaxerxebs, samagierod, skolas mosTxoven maqsimums. skola ukeT Seasrulebs Tavis funqcias, radgan zogadi ganaTleba moswavlis swored sistemur momzadebas niSnavs. aRar iarsebebs meorexarisxovani sagnebi, romelTa gacdenac bolo dros miRebuli norma iyo. gamowveva unda miiRos, Tavis mxriv, saxelmwifomac. darwmunebuli var, gamocdebis pirveli Sedegebi ar iqneba kargi, aman ki, wesiT, saxelmwifos ganaTlebis sistemis dafinansebis gazrdisken unda ubiZgos. imedi maqvs, rom saxelmwifo dafiqrdeba xarisxiani ganaTlebis met anazRaurebaze. mniSvnelovania maswavleblebis sertificireba. im pedagogebma, romlebic maRal Sedegebs aCveneben, unda miiRon Sesabamisi anazRaureba. saxelmwifo unda dafiqrdes imazec, rom Secvalos da daxvewos standartebi da programebi. standarti savaldebulo minimumia, Cven SemTxveva10
aamaRlebs Tu ara sistema ganaTl

Si ki, es saocnebo maqsimumia. axla rom movTxovoT moswavleebs im standartebis mixedviT gamocdebis Cabareba, rac gvaqvs, saxarbielo Sedegs ver miviRebT. standartebi unda gamartivdes, Tumca ar unda gaxdes primitiuli. axal iniciativaSi vxedav riskebsac, romelTa gaTvaliswinebac mniSvnelovania. rogorc acxadeben, Tavdapirvelad minimaluri kompetenciis zRvari Zalian dabali iqneba. am iniciativas ar vemxrobi. es erTgvari daTmobaa da imedi maqvs, rom es daTmoba ar iqneba Zalian didi, raTa sistemis diskreditacia ar gamoiwvios. vfiqrob, minimaluri kompetenciis zRvari unda iyos gonivrulad dabali da iseTi, romelsac yvela ver gadalaxavs. yvela bavSvi, vinc Sedis skolaSi, ar unda amTavrebdes skolas. konstituciurad, mxolod 9 klasis damTavrebaa savaldebulo. saerTo jamSi, am sistemis amoqmedebis erT-erTi gadamwyveti faqtori pedagogTa motivaciaa. Tu maRal kompetencias da kvalifikacias mosTxov pedagogs, maRali anazRaurebac unda SesTavazo mas. es iqneba gamocda gamocdebis erovnuli centrisTvisac, romelsac Zalian mniSvnelovani funqcia aqvs. am proeqtis yvelaze mniSvnelovani da saboloo mizani ki albaT is aris, rom unda amaRldes konkurencia moswavleebs Soris ukeTesi ganaTlebis misaRebad.
ori azri
a axali sagamocdo lebis xarisxs?

mowinaaRmdege simon janaSia ilias saxelmwifo universitetis profesori
am cvlilebis Sedegebi mniSvnelovanwilad damokidebuli iqneba imaze, Tu ramdenad moxdeba amasTan dakavSirebuli riskebis gaazreba da marTva. konkretuli pirobebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe, savaraudoa, rom am iniciativam saqarTveloSi sazogadoebisTvis skola marTlac ufro mniSvnelovani gaxados, magram ZiriTadad sistemis negatiurad ganviTareba gamoiwvios. erT-erTi prognozirebadi negatiuri Sedegia ganaTlebulebis raodenobis Semcireba. saerTaSoriso gamocdilebiT, rodesac gamosaSveb gamocdebze warmatebis miRweva rTulia, matulobs skolebis adreuli mitovebis SemTxvevebi e.w. riskis jgufis, specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis, umciresobebisa da socialurad daucvelebis fenebSi. amas fsiqologiuri da socialuri mizezebi aqvs. Seswavlilia, rom moswavleebi mniSvnelovnad kargaven swavlis motivacias, Tu isini sakuTari skolis warumateblobas ganicdian (mag. naklebi iRebs atestats). mSoblebisTvis TiTo weli ganaTlebaSi finansur investicias (saxelmZRvaneloebi, transporti, tansacmeli) niSnavs, xolo arasasurveli Sedegis miRebis riski gamocdebis SemoRebisTanave izrdeba. saqarTveloSi xSirad gamoiTqmeba mcdari mosazreba, rom sruli saSualo ganaTlebis sayovelTaoba sazogadoebis mizani ar unda iyos. sawinaaRmdegoze
metyvelebs Semdegi monacemebi: mag. amerikaSi patimrebis minimum 2/3-s arasruli saSualo ganaTlebis adamianebi Seadgenen. saqarTvelos monacemebi ar maqvs, magram savaraudod suraTi msgavsia. daviTvaloT xarjebi. saqarTveloSi erTi patimari weliwadSi sazogadoebas saxelmwifo biujetSi saSualod 6000 lari ujdeba (18000-mde patimaria, xolo sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis biujeti _ 111 milioni lari). SedarebisTvis, skolis moswavleze weliwadSi saSualod 600 lari ixarjeba. logikuri iqneboda Tavidan agvecilebina is sistema, romelic cixeebis `mkvebav~ riskis jgufs gazrdida, an gvezruna am safrTxis ganeitralebaze. gamocdebis sistemis ise SemoReba, rogorc amaze dRes aris saubari, maswavleblebsa da skolis direqcias dainteresebuls xdis, rom e.w. problemuri moswavleebi skolis miRma datovon. calke SegviZlia, davTvaloT skolis mitovebis xarjebi individumis doneze. dasavleTSi skoladamTavrebulebis Semosavlebi 2535%-iT ufro maRalia, vidre maTi, vinc swavla adre miatova. aqaur saSualo xelfasebs Tu aviRebT, weliwadSi es saSualod 2000 laria. aseve cnobilia, rom meti ganaTleba saxelmwifos ekonomikis met zrdas, metad gaazrebul politikur arCevansa da met socialur stabilurobas ukavSirdeba. meti ganaTlebis mqone adamianebi ufro naklebad manipulirebadebi arian da ufro metad arian orientirebulebi sazogado sikeTis Seqmnaze. sayovelTao ganaTleba Tanamedrove eris arsebobis erT-erTi mTavari safuZvelia. ganaTlebis xarisxi Zalian mniSvnelovania, magram aranakleb mniSvnelovania ganaTlebulebis raodenoba. orientirebis SecvlasTan erTad, xSir SemTxvevaSi, savaraudoa ganaTlebis xarisxis gauaresebac. maswavleblebis pasuxismgeblobebi gaizrdeba, xolo warmatebis mTavari sazomi gaxdeba moswavleebis Sedegebi testebze. testiT ki erovnuli saswavlo gegmis moTxovnebis umciresi nawilis Semowmebaa SesaZlebeli. es pedagogis ganwyobasa da moqmedebaSi amcirebs adamianis warmatebisTvis mniSvnelovani komunikaciuri, socialuri da SemoqmedebiTi unarebis ganviTarebis da Rirebulebebis Camoyalibebis mniSvnelobas. Semcirdeba sistemis inovaciuri potenciali, radgan e.w. saavtoro skolebis da aseve mravali kerZo skolis warmatebis mTavari indikatorebi dRes mniSvnelovnad scildeba moswavleebis mier testebze swori pasuxebis codnisa da gamocnobis raodenobas. Semcirdeba ganaTlebis sistemis inkluziuroba. ganaTlebis Sedegebis amaRleba SesaZlebelia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saswavlo procesis dagegmvisas mTavari moswavlis saWiroebebi, swavlis progresi da warmomavlobaa, da ara _ testiT gansazRvruli kognituri unarebi da codna. CamoTvlili da sxva uaryofiTi Sedegebis Tavidan acileba praqtikulad SeuZlebeli iqneba Tu: _ paralelurad ar dainerga skolebis mxardaWerisa da xarisxis kontrolis kompleqsuri sistema. Sedegis Semowmebis sistema arasodes ar anacvlebs Sedegis gaujobesebis sistemas da gaumjobeseba SesaZlebelia mxolod iq, sadac pasuxismgeblobas daxmarebac mosdevs. _ gamocdebi ar iqneba imdenad daxvewili, rom gaiTvaliswinos Sefasebis formebis, kompetenciebisa da skolebis struqturuli mravalferovneba. _ maswavleblis da zogadad skolis mier daweril Sefasebas kidev ufro naklebi fasi eqneba, vidre dRes.
ilustracia TaTia nadareiSvili / wignis saxelosno
11
fokusi - arCevnebi ukrainaSi
epoqis dasasruli
ukraina narinjisferi revoluciis epoqas acilebs. masTan erTad mTavrdeba maidanis romantizmisa da politikuri idealistebis xana. ukrainelebi momavali prezidentisgan pragmatul da Tamam gadawyvetilebebs iTxoven.
anastasia obrazcova, kievi
17 ianvris Rame prezidentobis orma kandidatma erTmaneTis mezoblad gaaTena. kacma _ ìnterkontinentalis~ xuTvarskvlavian sastumroSi, qalma _ `haiatis~ saukeTeso apartamentebSi. manZili sastumroebs Soris xuTi wuTis savalia fexiT. maTi saarCevno Ramis scenarebic Zalian hgavda erTmaneTs _ rogorc ki saarCevno ubnebi daixura da eqvsi egzit-polis Sedegi cnobili gaxda, viqtor ianukoviCi da iulia timoSenko Jurnalistebis winaSe gamoCdnen. ianukoviCis StabSi gamarjvebas zeimobdnen. Tanagundelebisgan gansxvavebiT, Tavad viqtor fiodoroviCi ufro TavSekavebulad iqceoda. SesaZloa, Zveli gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, gamarjvebis winaswar aRniSvna cudad aqvs dacdili (SegaxsenebT, 2004 wlis saprezidento arCevnebis dros `regionebis partiis~ liderma specialuri telemimarTva Cawera, sadac madlobas uxdida ukrainel xalxs imisaTvis, rom igi prezidentad airCies); an kidev, SesaZloa, bolomde mainc ar aris darwmunebuli, rom sabolood gaimarjva. asea Tu ise, momavali gegmebis Sesaxeb mwvave kiTxvebs ianukoviCma Tavi aarida da Jurnalistebs mxolod is uTxra, rom gamarjvebis SemTxvevaSi siRaribes daZlevs, qveyanas gaamTlianebs da sakuTar qmedebebze yovelTvis agebs pasuxs. ìulia timoSenkos blokis~ liders mSvenivrad esmoda, rom pirvel turSi meore adgilze ukeTes Sedegs ver miaRwevda. winasaarCevno reitingebi mas swored amas uwinaswarmetyvelebd12
nen. es cudi ar aris. cudia is, rom sxvaoba pirvel da meore adgilebze gasul kandidatebs Soris 10 procentia. es kritikuli cifria qalbatoni timoSenkosTvis da es Tavadac kargad icis. swored amitomac, arCevnebis Semdgomi Rame imis mtkicebaSi gaatara, rom yvela egzit-poli gayalbebulia, garda im erTisa, sadac masa da ianukoviCs Soris sxvaoba 4 procentze odnav metia. samwuxarod swored es egzitpoli aRmoCnda mcdari. axla iulia vladimirovnam kampania faqtobrivad Tavidan unda daiwyos. aleqsandr turCinovi _ ukrainis pirveli vice-premieri da timoSenkos marjvena xeli darwmunebulia, rom `timoSenkos blokis~ lideri am aT procents uproblemod daZlevs. `darwmunebuli var, rom ianukoviCis xeli arasodes Seexeba peresopninskis evangeles! (evangele, romelzec fics debs ukrainis prezidenti)~, _ ganucxada Jurnalistebs iulia vladimirovnam. sociologebi da politologebi naklebad optimisturebi arian. `ver vxedav ideas, romelic daexmareba timoSenkos reitingis gazrdaSi. aseTi idea ar arsebobs~, _ ambobs kompania Ukraine Sociology Service-is direqtori aleqsandr viSniaki. `gansxvavebiT 2007 wlisgan, roca timoSenkos reitingi yovel meore kviras izrdeboda, 2009-Si msgavsi araferi yofila~, _ ambobs igi. viSniaki miiCnevs, rom liderebs Soris Svidprocentiani sxvaobac ki kritikulia, rom araferi vTqvaT aTprocentianze. SeiZleba Tu ara suraTi Seicvalos im amomrCevelTa xarjze, romelTac pirvel turSi
sakuTari xmebi sergei tigipkos, arseni iaceniuks da viqtor iuSCenkos misces? sociologi viSniaki darwmunebulia, rom es amomrCeveli suraTs ver Secvlis, radgan maTi didi nawili ianukoviCs `nakleb borotebad~ miiCnevs da, aqedan gamomdinare, timoSenkos xmas ar miscems. `savaraudod, meore turSi kandidatebs Soris sxvaoba ianukoviCis sasargeblod kidev ufro didi iqneba~, _ varaudobs aleqsandr viSniaki. fond `demokratiuli iniciativis~ direqtori irina bekeSkina miiCnevs, rom kandidatebs Soris sxvaobis minimumamde dayvana savsebiT SesaZlebelia. `tigipkom, iaceniukma, iuSenkom, gricenkom da tiagnibokma erTad daaxloebiT 30 procenti daagroves! es
iuSCenko da misi ojaxi saarCevno ubanze, 17 ianvari 2010
cifri daaxloebiT orad gaiyofa. tigipkos eleqtoratisTvis ianukoviCi ufro misaRebia. iaceniukis, iuSenkos, gricenkos da tiagnibokis amomrCeveli ki ufro timoSenkos sasargeblod gaakeTebs arCevans. ase rom, ìulia timoSenkos blokis~ liders mainc aqvs Sansebi, Tumca Zalian bundovani~, _ ambobs irina bekeSkina. `meore mxriv, yvelas unda esmodes, rom amomrCevelTa xmebi Cemodani ar aris, romelic SeiZleba aiRo da sxvas gadasce~, _ dasZens igi. misi azriT, ianukoviCis dasamarcxeblad timoSenkos didi brZola elis. 7 Tebervlamde, arCevnebis meore turamde man ramdenime rTul amocanas unda gaarTvas Tavi. pirvel rigSi qveynis dasavleT da centralur raionebSi amomrCevelTa maRali
aqtivoba unda uzrunvelyos, da meore _ iaceniukis, iuSCenkos, gricenkos da tiagnibokis amomrCevlisTvis momxiblav kandidatad unda iqces. yvelaze saukeTeso varianti ki timoSenkosTvis is iqneba, Tu igi SeZlebs daarwmunos tigibko, rom meore turSi mxari mas dauWiros. timoSenkos StabSi amboben, rom iulia vladimirovna mzadaa, yofil bankirTan TanamSromlobis nebismieri varianti ganixilos. magaliTad, SesTavazos mas premier-ministris posti. man manamdec araerTxel dapatiJa tigipko da iaceniuki Tavis gundSi. `me kargad mesmis maTi, vinc xma misca tigipkos da iaceniuks _ maT undaT cvlilebebi. da me uzrunvelvyof am cvlilebebs. me kargad mesmis maTi,
vinc xma misca iuSCenkos _ maT surT, rom ukraina Sedges rogorc evropuli qveyana. da me uzrunvelvyof am gzas!~ Tumca, jerjerobiT arc tigipkos, arc iaceniuks da arc iuSCenkos ar gaukeTebiaT gancxadebebi imis Taobaze, rom meore turSi vinmes miemxrobian. mizezi is aris, rom TiToeul am kandidats surs, ukrainis politikur orbitaze momavalSic darCes; darCes rogorc damoukidebeli, Zlieri moTamaSe da ara rogorc mefis vasali. am arCevnebze iuSCenkos kraxi calke ganxilvis Temaa. ar aqvs mniSvneloba, vin gaxdeba prezidenti _ ianukoviCi Tu timoSenko _ 17 ianvars ukrainaSi `narinjisferi~ xuTwledi dasrulda. xuTi wlis win ìulia timoSenkos
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blokis~ lideri viqtor iuSCenkos marjvena xeli iyo, Tumca dRes isini mTavari oponentebi da dauZinebeli mtrebi arian. dRes ukrainis prezidenti Riad acxadebs, rom ianukoviCi ki ara, timoSenkoa namdvili boroteba: `Tu Cven zereled mivudgebiT arCevnebs, maSin kriminalebs moviyvanT xelisuflebaSi. korufciis masStabebiT ianukoviCi timoSenkos verc Seedreba~. Jurnalistebis kiTxvaze, Tu ratom idga igi 2005 wels kriminalTan erTad, iuSCenko pasuxobs, rom cxovrebaSi erTi Secdomis ufleba yvelas aqvs. ukrinelebs msgavsi gancxadebebiT ver gaakvirveb. konfliqti maidanis TanamebrZolebs Soris didi xnis win daiwyo da Zalian Sors wavida. 2005 wels umaRlesi radas mier premier-ministrad timoSenkos daniSvnidan Svid TveSi iuSCenkom igi am Tanamdebobidan gaaTavisufla. magram es ar iyo pirveli SemTxveva, roca iuSCenkom timoSenkos uRalata. maTi rTuli urTierTobebis istoria 2001 wels iwyeba. maSin premierministrma iuSCenkom araferi gaakeTa sakuTari vice-premieris _ timoSenkos dasacavad, romelic Tanamdebobidan gaaTavisufles. am gaTavisuflebis Semdeg timoSenko daapatimres. Tumca, sagamoZiebo izolatori `ledi ~-s didi politikis gzaze mxolod daexmara. igi Zlieri opoziciuri moZraobis lideri gaxda da saTaveSi Caudga moZraobas ùkraina kuCmas gareSe~. am dros iuSCenkom mas meored uRalata _ kuCmasTan erTad xeli moawera erTobliv gancxadebas, sadac opozicionerebi gaTanabrebulebi iyvnen... faSistebTan. Tumca, Zalian male iuSCenko Tavad SeuerTdeba am `faSistebs~ da wlebis Semdeg swored es `faSistebi~ uzrunvelyofen mis gamarjvebas maidanze. dRes prezidenti ambobs, rom 2005is ianvarSi timoSenkom maidanze winaswar darigebuli xalxi Seyara, romlebic skandirebdnen ìulia-premieri~. anu, rom ara isini, timoSenko premieri ar gaxdeboda. sinamdvileSi, iuSCenko TvalTmaqcobs. cxadia, mas im drosac kargad esmoda, rom misi TanamebrZoli sakmaod damoukidebelia da morCili, advilad marTvadi premieri ver iqneboda. Tumca, am Tanamdebobaze sxva vinmes daniSvna kidev ufro saSiSi iyo: maidani amas Ralatad Cau14
foto sergei starostenko
iulia timoSenko, ianvari 2010
da mainc, revolucia ar iyo amao. ukrainelebma daamtkices, rom SeuZliaT sakuTari interesebisa da principebis dacva. da Tu maTi lideri maT miznebs Ralatobs, pasuxi Zalian mkacri da adekvaturi iqneba.
Tvlida. amitom, radikalur nabijze prezidenti mogvianebiT wavida. 2005 wlis Semodgomaze didi korufciuli skandali agorda, romelSic gareuli aRmoCnda saxelmwifos meTauris uaxloesi garemocva. Tanac, braldebebi ara `regionebis partiis~ Stabidan, aramed aleqsandr zinCenkos mxridan wamovida. zinCenko maSin prezidentis samdivnos xelmZRvanelobda. am skandals ara mxolod iuSCenkos uaxloesi garemocvis, aramed timoSenkos mTavrobis gadadgomac mohyva. axali premieri iuri exanurovi gaxda, iuSCenkos uaxloesi garemocvis wevri, romelsac am skandalTan kavSiri ar hqonia. es gadawyvetileba pasuxobda `saxalxo prezidentis~ programas, romelic xalxs korufciis damarcxebas dahpirda. da
savaraudod, dRes iuSCenkos damsaxurebaTa nusxaSic ki Caewereboda, rom ara movlenebi, romlebic Semdeg ganviTarda. 2006 wels ukrainaSi saparlamento arCevnebi gaimarTa. exanurovis mTavrobam axali radas winaSe sakuTari uflebamosileba moixsna. axal parlamentSi sadeputato mandatebis didi nawili `regionebis partias~ ergo, meore adgilze ki, prognozebis miuxedavad, ara iuSCenkos `naSa ukraina~, aramed ìulia timoSenkos bloki~ gavida. timoSenkosa da iuSCenkos partiebs Soris winaswar miRweuli SeTanxmebis mixedviT, swored `timoSenkos bloks~ unda daesaxelebina premieris Tanamdebobaze sakuTari kandidatura. roman bessmertnim, romelic maSin `naSa ukrainas~ saTaTbiros xelmZRvaneli iyo, sajarod ganacxada, rom `naSa ukraina~ premier-ministris postze timoSenkos dauWerda mxars. Tumca, `naSa ukrainas~ Tavmjdomarem viqtor iuSCenkom jer momavali koaliciis programis SemuSaveba moiTxova da mxolod Semdeg _ Tanamdebobebis ganawileba. rogorc Semdeg gairkva, koaliciis formatis Sesaxeb molaparakebebi Tvalis axveva iyo. am yvelafris miRma, iuSCenko viqtor ianukoviCTan vaWrobda. or frontze TamaSi imiT dasrulda, rom `regionebis partiam~
viqtor ianukoviCi, ianvari 2010
`naSa ukrainas~ gareSe Seqmna koalicia da premier-ministris Tanamdebobaze sakuTari kandidaturis dayenebis ufleba moipova (2006 wels konstituciaSi Setanili cvlilebebis Tanaxmad, ukraina saparlamento-saprezidento respublika gaxda da premier-ministris kandidaturis wamoyenebis ufleba saparlamento koalicias mieniWa). ukrainelebi dRe da Rame televizorebTan isxdnen da uyurebdnen, rogor mimdinareobda molaparakebebi. isini TanaugrZnobdnen kuTxeSi mimwyvdeul prezidents da misgan Tamam, gadamwyvet nabijebs elodnen. nuTu iuSCenko premierad `kriminals~, `falsifikators~, `kremlis xeldasmuls~ daniSnavs? maidanis idealebi sadRaa? viqtor iuSCenko didxans yoymanobda, magram bolos danebda. orma viqtorma xeli moawera erovnuli erTianobis universals, romlis Sesrulebasac ianukoviCi ar Cqarobda. `Zalze Seuracxyofili var. megona, Tu adamiani xels moawerda dokuments, is aucileblad Seasrulebda imas, rac iq weria. ase fiqri didi Secdoma iyo. Turme, gulubryvilo viyavi~, _ ityvis mogvianebiT iuSCenko. magram xalxi, vinc maidanze idga, misi monaniebis mimarT ukve gulgrilia. prezidentis reitingis dacema Seuqcevad procesad iqca, romelsac verc umaRlesi radas
daTxovnam da verc vadamdeli arCevnebis daniSvnam ver uSvela. iulia timoSenkos reitingi ki, piriqiT, safuariani comiviT izrdeboda. igi Tavisi amomrCevlebis TvalSi intrigebisa da Ralatis msxverplad iqca. Tumca, timoSenkos biografiaSic aris `regionebis partiasTan~ urTierTobis faqtebi: timoSenko jer kidev `narinjisferi revoluciis~ dros awarmoebda molaparakebebs `doneckelebTan~ da amdenad gasakviri ar iyo, rom 2005 wels `regionebis partiis~ deputatebma erTxmad dauWires mxari timoSenkos kandidaturas premier-ministris postze. roca timoSenkos gamouCnda perspeqtiva meored gamxdariyo ukrainis premier-ministri, igi isev daumegobrda iuSCenkosa da mis `naSa ukrainas~. vadamdeli arCevnebis Semdeg `narinjisferi koaliciis~ Seqmna umaRles radaSi bolos da bolos moxerxda da timoSenko meored gaxda mTavrobis xelmZRvaneli. cxadia, maidanis momxreebs timoSenkos da iuSCenkos daaxloeba gauxardaT, magram grZelvadiani megobroba politikosebs isev ar gamouvidaT. ukve ori welia, rac prezidenti da premier-ministri kataTagviviT iqcevian _ mudmivad saqmes urCeven erTmaneTs, erTmaneTis mimarT braldebebsa da salanZRav si-
tyvebs ar iSureben. isini ise gaerTnen saxelisuflebo olimpoze sakuTari adgilis damkvidrebisTvis brZolaSi, rom qveynis marTvisTvis dro arc erTs aRar rCeboda. Sedegad ki, absoluturad yvelaferi, rasac maidanis gmirebi xalxs Sehpirdnen, cariel dapirebad darCa. da es ara marto materialur keTildReobas, aramed mudmiv Rirebulebebsa da idealebsac exeba. ukrainelebi ver gaxdnen erTsulovani, erTiani eri. maT Soris wyalgamyofi isev dnepria. meqrTameebs ar eSiniaT aravisi da arafris, radgan arc erTi msxvili korufcioneri pasuxisgebaSi micemuli ar aris. kuCmistebi ara Tu darCnen xelisuflebaSi, aramed maT ordenebic ki miiRes `samSoblos winaSe RvawlisTvis~. sxvaTa Soris, prezidentma amazec moixada bodiSi. ukraina ver mivida ufro axlos nato-sTan da evrokavSirTan, arada 2004 wels warmatebis uzarmazari Sansi hqonda. ufro metic, naxevarze meti ukraineli imedgacruebulia demokratiiT da mkacr mmarTvelze ocnebobs. isini didi siamovnebiT miscemdnen xmas aleqsandr lukaSenkos an vladimir putins, aseTi SesaZlebloba rom hqondeT. da mainc, revolucia ar iyo amao. ukrainelebma daamtkices, rom SeuZliaT sakuTari interesebisa da principebis dacva. da Tu maTi lideri maT miznebs Ralatobs, pasuxi Zalian mkacri da adekvaturi iqneba. sociologebi meore turSic ianukoviCs uwinaswarmetyveleben gamarjvebas. msxvili biznesi, ukraineli oligarqebic fsons `regionebis partiaze~ deben. mokled, SeiZleba ukve inauguraciisTvis mzadebis dawyebac. da miuxedavad amisa, viqtor ianukoviCs Wiris dResaviT eSinia axali maidanis, romelic SeiZleba kidev erTxel Seikribos mis winaaRmdeg. swored amitom, yoveli SemTxvevisTvis, arCevnebis Rames ianukoviCma lurji karvebi dasca centraluri saarCevno komisiis SenobasTan da dedaqalaqis yvela moedani Caketa. magram, ukrainelebi maidanze aRar mivlen. iseT movlenebs, rogoric maidanze 2005 wels xdeboda, Taobebis Secvla sWirdeba. ufro xSirad xalxi revoluciebisTvis mzad ar aris. fasiani `maidanebi~ ki reJimebs ver cvlian.
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interviu
revoluciiT gacruebuli imedebi

interviu kievis gorSeninis saxelobis marTvis institutis direqtorTan kost bondarenkosTan
postrevoluciurma xelisuflebam ukrainaSi ver SeZlo dapirebebis Sesruleba _ viqtor iuSCenko reformebis nacvlad Sida saxelisuflebo omSi CaerTo.
eTanxmebiT Tu ara im azrs, rom narinjisferma revoluciam ver gaamarTla imedebi, verc ukrainaSi da verc qveynis gareT? diax, ukrainelebi bevr sakiTxSi gawbilebulebi darCnen, da is, rom narinjisferi revoluciis simbolos, viqtor iuSCenkos reitingi dRes 4-dan 5 procentamde meryeobs, imis dadasturebaa, rom adamianebs imedebi gaucruvdaT. maidanma ukrainelebs gadaWarbebuli molodini gauCina, rom xelisuflebis damxobis Semdeg movidoda axali Zala _ Zveli kompleqsebisgan Tavisufali politikosebi, romlebmac opozicioneroba gaiares, da ufro moralurebi arian, vidre kuCma; suliT evropelebi, romlebsac sakuTari sityvis Sesruleba ZaluZT; reformatorebi, romlebic xorcs Seasxamen samarTlianobis principebs. iyo molodini, rom qveyanaSi Raribi mosaxleobis raodenoba Semcirdeboda da saSualo fena gaizrdeboda. arsebobda imedi, rom daiZleoda korufcia. sinamdvileSi ki qveyana kidev ufro korumpirebuli gaxda, vidre manamde; gaCnda axali privilegirebuli fena da axali mmarTvelobis pirvelive wels daiwyo nepotizmis gafurCqvna. aRmoCnda, rom axalma xelisuflebam biznesis gavlenis sferoebis ganawileba daiwyo. qveyanaSi ayvavda `manilovSCina~ _ iuSCenko axal reformas iwyebda da maleve iviwyebda mas. aRmoCnda, rom qveyana ar Cqarobda evropuli ganviTarebis gzas dadgomoda. bolos narinjisfer banakSi ganxeTqileba moxda; 2006 wlis zafxulSi iuSCenkosa da ianukoviCis kavSirma ki axali sistemis uvargisoba cxadyo. narinjisferi revoluciis arsi, iseve rogorc ruseTis 1905 wlis, an safrangeTis 1830 wlis revoluciebis, is iyo, rom ukrainis burJuaziam
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pirvelad aRiqva Tavi politikur Zalad. man pirvelad gamoTqva pretenzia qveynis SecvlaSi monawileobaze. magram burJuazias satyuarad iuSCenko misces, danarCeni sistema ki ucvleli darCa. mTavaria, ukrainam gaacnobieros: burJuaziis gamarjvebis Semdeg aucilebelia, sakuTar TavSi leninisa da napoleon mesames msgavsi populistebis xelisuflebaSi miyvanis survili Caklas. ukrainel amomrCevels davubrundeT, romelic 2004-Si maidanze idga _ ramdenad iyo maTi motivacia iuSCenkos da misi gundis mxardaWera da ramdenad ianukoviCisa da arCevnebis gayalbebisadmi protesti? maidani _ es iyo koleqtiuri aracnobieris nayofi. iq mdgomi adamianebi gardaqmnebs iTxovdnen. Tu maT hkiTxavdiT: `ra aris Tqveni programa?~, verc erTi ver Camoayalibebda pasuxs _ verc iuSCenko da verc baba paraska. yvelas undoda ùkeTesoba~. TiToeuli maTganisTvis iuSCenko garkveul simbolos warmoadgenda, ianukoviCi da falsifikaciebi ki seriozuli katalizatori gaxda. es rom ara, protesti samzareuloebs ar gacdeboda. rogor moxda, rom opoziciuri brZolis aseTi didi gamocdilebis mqone gundi 2004 wlamde uprogramod mivida? ra Sedegebi hqonda amas qveynisTvis, mas Semdeg rac es gundi xelisuflebaSi movida? nebismierma politikurma Zalam ara marto unda moipovos Zalaufleba, aramed is unda aqcios ufro maRali miznebis xorcSesxmis iaraRad. Cvens politikosebs ki, vinc maidanidan movida xelisuflebaSi, ar gaaCndaT programa maqsimumi. ver xvdebodnen, risTvis sWirdebodaT es Zalaufleba. am gundis programa piradi interesebis ganxorcieleba gaxda.
maidani _ es iyo koleqtiuri aracnobieris nayofi. iq mdgomi adamianebi gardaqmnebs iTxovdnen. Tu maT hkiTxavdiT: `ra aris Tqveni programa?~, verc erTi ver Camoayalibebda pasuxs _ verc iuSCenko.
ukrainam imedi dakarga. axla, sul cota, aTi welia saWiro, rom adamianebma isev imediT cxovreba iswavlon. dRes xalxs mxolod sakuTari Tavis sjera da ara politikosebis. saxelisuflebo institutebma kvlav dakarges avtoriteti. dRes ar arseliberali . ianvari - Tebervali 2010 . 17
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bobs arc erTi politikosi, romlis ndobis reitingi misive undoblobis reitings aWarbebdes. mosaxleobis 70 procentze meti darwmunebulia, rom qveyanaSi yvela saxelisuflebo organo totalurad korumpirebulia. Cveni kvlevebiT, moqalaqeTa 72 procenti, romelic saarCevno ubnebze mivida, sruliad darwmunebulia, rom arCevnebi gayalbdeba. arCevnebsac ki ar endobian.
SeaRwevs. am sistemagamovlil politikosebs sxvanairad azrovneba ar SeuZliaT. am sistemis Signidan ganadgureba praqtikulad SeuZlebelia, is an sruliad unda moviciloT, an laTinoamerikanizaciis pirobebSi cxovrebisTvis viqnebiT ganwirulebi. ukraina unikaluria imiTac, rom bolo xuTi wlis manZilze aq qveynisa da saxelmwifos gamijvna
erTmmarTveloba daemyarebina; Tanac saqarTvelos konstitucia orxelisuflebianobis pirobebs ar qmnis. ukrainis 2004 wlis revolucias Tan axlda sakonstitucio cvlilebebi, ramac orxelisuflebianoba uzrunvelyo. korufciuli vertikali da Zalauflebis meqanizmebi TiTqmis Tanabrad gaiyo _ prezidentsa da premiers Soris. revoluciuri Zalebi erTmaneTs biujetze, Zalovanebsa da sxva sferoebze zegavlenis gamo waekidnen. postrevoluciuri procesebi ukrainasa da saqarTveloSi progresad migaCniaT Tu erTi adgilis tkepnad? susti mmarTveli da diqtatori _ es maxinji movlenebia, romelic yvela qveyanam unda gaiaros. safrangeTma robespieris diqtatura gadaitana, ukrainas da saqarTvelos iuSCenkosa da saakaSvilze gavliT mouwevT siaruli. Tqveni prognoziT, rogor ganviTardeba situacia ukrainaSi? qveyana prezidentis vadamdeli arCevnebis mimarTulebiT wava? Tuki prezidenti viqtor ianukoviCi gaxdeba _ es omis gagrZelebas niSnavs, radganac timoSenko, naxevari wliT mainc, premier-ministrad rCeba. es iqneba omi saxelisuflebo ganStoebebs Soris; naxevari wlis Semdeg ki parlamentis vadamdeli arCevnebia. Tu prezidentad timoSenko mova _ es iqneba mTeli Zalauflebis erT muStSi moqcevis mcdeloba. amas, savaraudod, win aRudgeba sazogadoebis nawili. pirvel da meore variantsac konfliqtamde da axal riskebamde mivyavarT. axali revolucia? ara, ara. axali revolucia CvenTan uaxloesi 5-7 wlis ganmavlobaSi SeuZlebelia, imitom rom arsebobs garkveuli istoriuli ritmi, romlis drosac adamianebma sakuTari revoluciuri potenciali unda daagrovon. es periodi aranakleb 10 weliwads gastans. daaxloebiT aseTi varianti elis ukrainas, SesaZloa _ saqarTvelosac. esaubra Jurnalisti olga reka, specialurad `liberalisTvis~, kievi, ukraina
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narinjisferi revoluciis gamarjvebis Semdeg, kievi, noemberi 2004
revoluciuri mmarTvelobis damyarebis Semdeg, ratom ar Caeria marTvaSi ukrainis mosaxleoba? ra aris es _ samoqalaqo sazogadoebis moumwifebloba, xelisuflebis arademokratiuloba Tu totaluri undobloba, razec Tqven saubrobT? es qveynis politikuri sistemis Taviseburebebi gaxlavT. sistemam, romelic Serbickis dros aSenda, ise ucvlelad gamoiara kravCukis, kuCmas da iuSCenkos periodebi, rom mxolod sakuTar cinizms xvewavda. is efuZneba aReb-micemobas, korumpirebulobas da imas, rom korufciis done ierarqiul kibeze aRmasvlasTan erTad matulobs. sistema daxSulia, SesasvlelSi mkafio identifikatoriT _ `Cveniani-ucxo~, da iq potenciuri disidenti verasdros
moxda. isini axla or sxvadasxva sibrtyeze Tanaarseboben; saxelmwifo _ rogorc saxelisuflebo institutebis sistema, qveyana _ rogorc sazogadoebrivi, piradi da sxva urTierTobebisa da iniciativebis sistema. qveyana Zalian dinamikurad viTardeba, ai, saxelmwifos ki lpoba Seepara. dRes saxelmwifo mTavari mteria, romlis winaaRmdeg gaerTianda ukrainis aRmosavleTi, dasavleTi, samxreTi da CrdiloeTi. Tqveni azriT, ukrainisgan gansxvavebiT, rogor moaxerxes xelisuflebaSi darCena maT, vinc saqarTveloSi vardebis revolucia moaxdina? mixeil saakaSvilma revoluciis Semdeg pirvel wlebSi moaxerxa
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revolucia _ progresi logikuri dasasrulis gareSe

interviu `kievi-mogilianskis akademiis~ nacionaluri universitetis politologiis kaTedris profesorTan aleqsei garanTan
ukrainam dakarga Sansi, dasdgomoda dasavleli mezoblebis gzas, daewyo reformebi da evropas miaxloeboda. axla win droSi gawelili evoluciuri procesi gvelis.
eTanxmebiT Tu ara im azrs, rom narinjisferma revoluciam ar gaamarTla imedebi, romelsac masze amyarebdnen _ arc ukrainaSi da arc qveynis gareT? narinjisferi revolucia dausrulebeli revolucia aRmoCnda. marTalia, man moitana garkveuli Tavisufleba, demokratiuli arCevnebi, pluralizmi masobriv sainformacio saSualebebSi, Tumca radikaluri socialur-ekonomikuri reformebi ar gatarda. amitomac, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom arc ukrainis mosaxleobisa da arc qveynis ucxoeli partniorebis imedebi ar gamarTlda. es, pirvel rigSi, Cvenive Sinagani dabrkolebebis bralia, magram aseve _ dasavleTis araSorsmWvretelobis. maSin, 2005 wlis dasawyisSi evrokavSirs ukrainisTvis Zalian mkafio signali unda gamoegzavna: Tqven evropuli qveyana xarT, TqvenTvis kari Riaa, mTeli ZaliT vecdebiT, rom molaparakebebis procesi daiwyos. magram es ase ar moxda. ramdenad gaTviTcnobierebuli hqondaT maT, vinc 2004-Si maidanze idga sakuTari protestis mizezi? upirveles yovlisa, es iyo protesti kuCmas arademokratiuli sistemis winaaRmdeg, Semdeg _ falsifikaciisa da ianukoviCis, rogorc kuCmas memkvidreobis uaresi gamovlinebis _ misi kriminaluri warsulis winaaRmdeg. da radganac iuSCenko gardaqmnebis cocxali gamoxatuleba iyo da Tan wesieri brZoliT gaimarjva, swored is gaxda narinjisferi revoluciis medroSe. amitomac skandirebdnen adamianebi, _ìu-SCen-ko!~ narinjisferi revoluciis Sedegad xelisuflebaSi mosul gunds hqonda Tu ara qveynis ganviTarebis stra18
tegia? Tu is mxolod Zalauflebis miRebis strategias flobda? mkafio strategia ar arsebobda _ nawilobriv imis gamo, rom maT mTeli resursi gamarjvebasa da falsifikaciasTan brZolas daaxarjes. es ar iyo advili da did Zalisxmevas moiTxovda; Tanac gundic sakmaod mravalferovani iyo. is, rom qveynis reformirebis programa ar SeimuSaves, pirvel rigSi imis bralia, rom gardaqmnisTvis dro Zalian cota
mosdevda, Sedegad ki aravin amaxvilebda yuradRebas im strategiul sakiTxebze, romlebic arapopularuli gadawyvetilebebis miRebas moiTxovda. yvela politikuri Zala met-naklebad populizmiT iyo dakavebuli. meorec, iuSCenkom ver moaxerxa efeqturi gundis Seqmna. amis naTeli magaliTia anatoli gricenkos moxsna _ rodesac marTlac wesier adamians Zalian uxeSad da arako-
karvebi maidanze, kievi 2004
iyo. faqtobrivad, sakonstitucio reformis gamo, 2006 wlis saparlamento arCevnebi saprezidento arCevnebis erTgvar, me-4 seriad iqca. bunebrivia, arCevnebamde erTi wliT adre reformebs aravin atarebs, miT umetes, rom xSirad es reformebi arapopularulia xolme. swored amitom gaxda ukrainuli politika populisturi da Tavad demokratebi iqcnen am eleqtoraluri procesis mZevlebad. erT arCevnebs meore
samoqalaqo sazogadoeba 2005-2006 wlebSi akritikebda imas, rasac iuSCenko da misi gundi akeTebdnen. Cven sityvis TavisuflebiT vtkbebodiT, es ki wyals im opoziciis wisqvilze asxamda, romelic wina reJims warmoadgenda.
interviu
reqtulad daatovebines Tavdacvis ministris posti. iuSCenkos mier dasaxuli yvela mizani, principSi, sworia _ evrointegracia, nato, istoriuli samarTlianobac da sasamarTlo reformac; sxva sakiTxia, rom es yvelaferi araefeqturad xorcieldeba da Zalian xSirad kontrproduqtiuli xdeba. ukrainam dakarga Sansi, swrafadve dasdgomoda misi dasavleli mezoblebis gzas, radikalurad daewyo reformebi da 5-10 weliwadSi evropas miaxloeboda. axla ukve droSi gawelili evoluciuri procesi gvelis. da mainc, Cven evropis mimarTulebiT vivliT, imis miuxedavad, Tu vin iqneba saTaveSi _ reformebs, marTalia nela, magram TviT kuCmac ki atarebda. ukraineli inteleqtualebis saerTo ganwyoba dRes aseTia _ politikisa da politikosebis sruli miuRebloba. xom ar migaCniaT, rom es aris erTgvari pasuxismgeblobis Tavidan acilebis survili imaze, rac bolo wlebSi xdeboda? nawilobriv asea. sazogadoebis ganviTareba elitis, aseve samoqalaqo sazogadoebisa da saSualo fenis garkveul momwifebulobas gulisxmobs. aSkaraa, rom ukrainaSi es yvelaferi saTanado doneze ar aRmoCnda. nacionalur doneze ukrainaSi Zlieri samoqalaqo organizaciebi moqmedeben, Tumca adgilobriv doneze es seqtori arc ise ganviTarebulia. paradoqsi isaa, rom samoqalaqo sazogadoeba 2005-2006 wlebSi Zalianac akritikebda imas, rasac iuSCenko da misi gundi akeTebdnen. Cven sityvis TavisuflebiT vtkbebodiT, es ki wyals im opoziciis wisqvilze asxamda, romelic wina reJims warmoadgenda. `regionebis partia~ am kritikis rezultatebiT yovelTvis sargeblobda. Tqveni azriT, ukrainisgan gansxvavebiT, rogor moaxerxes xelisuflebaSi darCena maT, vinc saqarTveloSi vardebis revolucia moaxdina? cota xnis win viyavi saqarTveloSi da Cemze marTlac didi STabeWdileba moaxdina gansxvavebuli adamianebis, maT Soris ucxoeli diplomatebis monayolma saqarTveloSi reformebis swrafi tempis
Sesaxeb _ korufciasTan brZolis, sasamarTlo reformis, swored imis Sesaxeb, ris gatarebac CvenTan ver moxerxda. garda amisa, vxedavT, rom saakaSvilis dauSreteli enargia kritikasac da opoziciasac SesaZleblobebs uzRudavs. erTi mxriv, es siZlieris niSania, magram meore mxriv, nawilobriv swored es iyo im mcdari strategiis mizezi, rac samxreTi oseTis problemis mogvarebisas gatarda _ saakaSvilis gverdiT iseTi aravin aRmoCnda, visac misTvis gonivruli rCevis micema SeeZlo; gansxvavebuli azris mqone adamianebi, romlebic situacias jansaRad Seafasebdnen, mis gverdiT aRar iyvnen. procesebi, rac ukrainasa da saqarTveloSi 2003-2004 wlebSi moxda _ progresad migaCniaT Tu negatiur movlenebad? CemTvis es aSkarad pozitiuri da Zalian didi win gadadgmuli nabijebi iyo. feradi revoluciebi ukrainaSic da saqarTveloSic progresuli movlenebia. xolo is, rac Semdeg moxda, es yvela revoluciis bedisweraa. yvela maTgani dausrulebelia, raRac stadiamde midian, Cerdebian da sakuTar potencials ver iyeneben. zogjer SeiZleba sxva mimarTulebiTac gadauxvion, rac ruseTis revolucias daemarTa. madloba RmerTs, CvenTan ase ar xdeba da pluralistuli sistema narCundeba. Tqveni prognoziT, rogor ganviTardeba situacia ukrainaSi saprezidento arCevnebis Semdeg? Tu timoSenkos airCeven, is xelisuflebaSi sruli vadiT mova. xolo Tu ianukoviCs airCeven, misi urTierTsawinaaRmdego pirovnuli Tvisebebisa da araefeqturi politikis, aseve aqtiuri mosaxleobis didi nawilis mier misi miuReblobis gaTvaliswinebiT, mis winaaRmdeg sakmaod farTo opozicia Camoyalibdeba. vfiqrob, Zalian swrafad moxdeba misi TviTdiskreditacia da is sakuTari saprezidento vadis amowurvas ver SeZlebs. esaubra Jurnalisti olga reka, specialurad `liberalisTvis~, kievi, ukraina
ukrainis arCevani
feradi revoluciebis Semdeg ukrainam demokratia airCia, saqarTvelom ki avtoritaruli reJimi.
salome zurabiSvili, saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa ministri 2004-2006 wlebSi
demonstrantebi, kievi 2004
ukrainasa da saqarTveloSi momxdar procesebs Soris, cxadia, rom bevri saerToa da, amave dros, Zalian didi gansxvavebebic. mTavari sxvaoba isaa, rom ukrainam ufro srulyofilad moaxerxa demokratiuli procesebis bolomde miyvana. amis dasturia is peripetiebi, romelic ukrainis radaSi xdeboda. bunebrivia, amas Tan axlda bevri siZnele Sida politikaSi _ ukrainam ver miaRwia stabilurobas, xelisuflebam ver gaatara yvela is reforma, romelic saWiro iyo qveynisTvis, magram mTavaria, rom ar daarRvia demokratiuli principebi. es aris arCevani _ SeiZleba susti iyo, magram fundamenturi Rirebulebebis erTguli darCe. saqarTvelom radikalurad sxva _ avtoritaruli reJimis gza airCia. amas SeiZleba Tavisi dadebiTi mxarec hqonoda, magaliTad is, rom swrafad gagvetarebina reformebi. magram Cven am mxrivac ver SevZeliT iseTi Zvrebis miRweva, rom gveTqva, modi, dRes gvqondes Zlieri ekonomika, Zlieri administracia da Zlier parlamentze xval gadavideT. ara mgonia, rom korufcia da sxva problemebi, romelic aris ukraina-
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ukraina 2010
Si, ar iyos CvenTan. saqarTveloSi korufcia viTom aRmoifxvra, magram sinamdvileSi korufcia elituri gaxda. igive xdeba ukrainaSic da igive exeba uSualod iuSCenkosac, rac gaxda kidec misi damarcxebis erT-erTi mizezi. magram es demokratiuli procesia da SesaZlebelia moxdes mxolod Zlieri parlamentis arsebobis pirobebSi; anu ukrainaSi, saqarTvelosgan gansxvavebiT, erTma xelisufalma, Tavis klanebTan erTad, ver aiRo yvela berketi sakuTar xelSi. am mxriv, ukraina bevrad ufro cocxali organizmia dRes, vidre saqarTvelo. dRes ukrainaSi aravin ambobs, rom arCevnebis Sedegebi gayalbebulia. es aris demokratia Tavisi plusebiT da minusebiT. CvenTan nasaxi ar aris demokratiis da msgavsi procesebis, amitom aris qveyana gayinuli. dRes orive qveyana Zalian rTul viTarebaSi imyofeba. me imedi maqvs, rom ukrainaSi es arCevnebi ar Secvlis qveynis orientacias da demokratiuli procesebi gagrZeldeba. mgonia, rom Tu timoSenko gaimarjvebs, ukrainas mkveTrad proevropuli xelisufleba eyoleba, magram igive timoSenko uTuod daiwyebs urTierTobebis dalagebas moskovTan da Tu ianukoviCi gaxdeba prezidenti, ukrainaSi ar iqneba calsaxad prorusuli reJimi. ukrainis momavali dabalansebul politikaSia, is unda iyos evropasa da ruseTs Soris, magram mimarTuli evropisken. sxva arCevani mas ar aqvs. arc saqarTvelos aqvs sxva alternativa, man unda gaagrZelos svla evropisken, unda Seqmnas demokratiuli reJimi da, rac unda rTuli iyos, moifiqros rogor daareguliros urTierToba ruseTTan. rac ufro meti dro gadis, es miT ufro rTuli xdeba. Cveni da ukrainis gza ualternativod evropisken mimavali gzaa da swored amaSia albaT yvelaze mniSvnelovani paraleli _ Cven evropis gareSe ver ganvixilebiT! amis gareSe, orive qveyana isev ruseTis arealSi darCeba.
qarTvelebi doneckSi
ukrainis arCevnebis erT-erTi skandali saqarTvelodan mravalricxovani sadamkvirveblo misiis Casvla gaxda. doneckSi Carteruli reisiT Casul 400-mde mamakacTagan arc erTs damkvirveblis akreditacia ar aRmoaCnda.
natalia gumeniuki, kievi
qarTveli damkvirvebeli ukrainaSi, ianvari 2010
arCevnebamde erTi dRiT adre Tbilisdan doneckSi ori Carteruli reisi dafrinda. TviTmfrinavebidan Camosulma samasze metma adamianma JurnalistebTan saubarze uari ganacxada. doneckis saqalaqo sabWos mdivanma nikolai levCekom maSinve aseTi komentari gaakeTa: `yvela es mamakaci sportuli aRnagobisaa, 25-dan 45 wlamde da aq, rogorc Tavad amboben, ori Carteruli TviTmfrinaviT, kerZo miznebiT Camofrindnen: bunebrivia, es qalaqis xelmZRvanelobis SeSfoTebasa da eWvebs iwvevs~. damkvirveblobis msurvelebi kiTxvaze, Tu ra aris maTi vizitis
mizani, erTaderT pasuxs iZleodnen: ùkomentarod~. qalaq doneckis Tavma aleqsandr lukiaCenkom aRniSna: `Cven vikiTxeT _ ra misiiT Camodis es xalxi, ra unda gaakeTon? da aradamajerebeli, dabneuli, uargumento pasuxebi miviReT~. Tbilisidan Carteruli reisebiT Camosul mgzavrebs Soris ar iyvnen qalebi. zogierT maTgans higienuri niRbebi ekeTa, iseTi, rogorc Semodgomaze ekeTaT ukrainaSi Roris gripTan dakavSirebuli panikis dros. doneckel Jurnalistebze maT kargad organizebuli jgufis STabeWdileba datoves, jgufis, romelsac miRebuli hqonda insliberali . ianvari - Tebervali 2010 . 17
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truqcia, ar esaubra presasTan. erTaderTi komentatori gaxldaT am delegaciis xelmZRvaneli givi TargamaZe, parlamentis Tavdacvisa da uSiSroebis komitetis Tavmjdomare. man ganmarta, Tu ratom Cavidnen qarTveli damkvirveblebi registraciis gareSe: `Tuki am drois manZilze saqarTvelos delegaciis sasargeblod miiRebdnen gadawyvetilebas da registracia moxdeboda, isini winaswar rom ar Camogveyvana, arCevnebze aq yofnas fizikurad veRar movaswrebdiT~. Tumca, dadebiTi gadawyvetilebis miRebis Sansi cota iyo. wina dRes ukrainuli sainformacio saSualebebi araerTmniSvnelovan informacias avrcelebdnen saqarTvelodan Casuli damkvirveblebis Sesaxeb. xazgasmiT aRniSnavdnen, rom ukrainaSi mTeli msofliodan arCevnebis monitoringis Catarebis sul aTas xuTasi msurveli Cavida, patara saqarTvelodan ki _ 2000-ze meti. internetSi gavrcelebulma audio failma, sadac saqarTvelos prezidentis msgavsi xma, iulia timoSenkos msgavsi xmis mqone adamians hpirdeboda, rom ukrainaSi `yvelaze gamocdil da brZolisunarian adamianebs~ gagzavnida, ukrainis opoziciaSi namdvili isteria gamoiwvia. timoSenkosTan
lisuflebis~ mxridan, romelTanac saqarTvelos aigiveben, gansakuTrebiT _ prorusuli politikuri Zalebi. ukrainis centralurma saarCevno komisiam 2011 qarTvel damkvirvebels akreditaciaze uari uTxra. jer erTi imitom, rom dagvianda sabuTebis Setana, Tumca komisiis mTavari pretenzia imas exeboda, rom anketebi erTi xeliT iyo naweri, msurvelTa umetesobas, kerZod ki 1500 adamians, arc mudmivi sacxovrebeli gaaCnda da arc samsaxuri. komisiis warmomadgenelTa TqmiT, saqarTvelos 2000 moqalaqidan mxolod 300-is mimarT ar arsebobda pretenzia. qarTveli damkvirveblebis registracias xma misca komisiis mxolod 7-ma wevrma, gadamwyveti me-8 xma qarTvelebis winaaRmdeg `regionebis partiam~ misca. saarCevno komisiis mier uariT gastumrebuli saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi arCevnebis dRes, dilidanve mainc gamoCndnen doneckis saarCevno ubnebze da Tavs Jurnalistebad asaRebdnen. bevr maTgans Tan hqonda beWeddartymuli presis wignaki, xeliT Cawerili gvarebiT, romelic maT gazeTma `molodogvardeecma~ misca. mezoblad mdebare luganskis am gamocemas
viqtor ianukoviCis mxardamWer partiaSi ar malaven, rom saarCevno komisiis wevrebs urCevdnen, qarTveli moqalaqeebis sabuTebi gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT SeemowmebinaT. ianukoviCis Tanamoazreebis mtkicebiT, saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi araerTxel cdilobdnen arCevnebisTvis xelis SeSlas. maTi TqmiT, erT-erTi yvelaze aqtiuri, vaxtang garbelia saarCevno ubnis SesasvlelSi uxeSi formiT mouwodebda xalxs, mxari ar daeWiraT ianukoviCisTvis da amomrCevlebs `putinis monebs~ manam eZaxda, vidre is doneckis miliciam ar daakava. `qarTveli Jurnalistebis danaxvisas doneckis zogierTi moqalaqe da komisiis wevri, romlebic politikosebisgan gafrTxilebulebi iyvnen SesaZlo provokaciebTan dakavSirebiT, yovelTvis ver iqceodnen adekvaturad da umizezod eZaxdnen milicias~, _ irwmunebian ukraineli Jurnalistebi, romlebic arCevnebis dRes doneckSi muSaobdnen. maTi naambobiT, qarTvelebi koreqtulad da mSvidad iqceodnen, ar reagirebdnen braldebebze. saqarTvelos centraluri saarCevno komisiis Tavmjdomarem levan TarxniSvilma kviras ganacxada, rom
`regionebis partiis~ qalaqSi yovelTvis ukanono qmedebebs elian `narinjisferi xelisuflebis~ mxridan, romelTanac saqarTvelos aigiveben, gansakuTrebiT _ prorusuli politikuri Zalebi.
konfliqtSi myofma politikosebma rigrigobiT daiwyes gancxadebebis gakeTeba `qarTveli boevikebis~ Sesaxeb, `romlebic ukrainaSi arCevnebis CaSlas apireben~. marcvlebi nayofier niadagze gaibna. ukraineli politikosebi amomrCevels xSirad aSineben provokaciebiT. doneckSi ramdenime Carteruli reisiT lvovidan rom Casuliyo Zlieri aRnagobis mamakacebisgan Semdgari delegacia, Tundac lvovis saqalaqo sabWos deputatebis sabuTebiT, reaqcia mainc aseTive iqneboda. `regionebis partiis~ qalaqSi yovelTvis ukanono qmedebebs elian `narinjisferi xeliberali . ianvari - Tebervali 2010 . 17
meurveobs natalia korelevskaia, romelic iulia timoSenkos erTerTi uaxloesi megobari da aRmosavleT ukrainaSi misi partiis yvelaze gavleniani wevria. doneckis `regionebis partiis~ warmomadgenlebis TqmiT, `molodogvardeecis~ qarTvel `korespondentebs~ arc diqtofonebi hqondaT, arc fotokamerebi da arc bloknotebi. zogierTebi Tavs sxva gamocemebis warmomadgenlebadac waradgendnen, magram maTTvis sabuTis moTxovnisTanave tovebdnen saarCevno ubans; Semdeg SesasvlelTan dgebodnen da telefoniT saubars iwyebdnen.
doneckSi qarTvel damkvirveblebs ubnebidan aZevebdnen da iWerdnen, radgan isini arCevnebze gayalbebis faqtebs avlendnen: `dRevandeli movlenebis Semdeg safuZveli maqvs, vifiqro, rom doneckSi gayalbebisa da ucxoeli damkvirveblebis mimarT ukanono qmedebis yvela gamovlineba xels aZlevs im kandidats, romelic am regions akontrolebs~. misi TqmiT, qarTvelma damkvirveblebma daafiqsires `sami faqti, rodesac qalaq doneckis 44-e da 45-e saarCevno ubnebTan ramdenime samarSruto manqana Cerdeboda, iqidan erTi da igive adamianebi gamodiodnen, xmas aZlevdnen,
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Semdeg ki isev disciplinirebulad sxdebodnen manqanebSi da sxva ubnebisken miemarTebodnen~. mas Semdeg, rac qarTvelebma scades am saeWvo manqanebis nomrebi CaeweraT da amomrCevlebs gasaubrebodnen, isini saarCevno ubnebidan gaaZeves. ukrainis Sinagan saqmeTa ministri iuri lucenko adasturebs, rom mis uwyebas ar gaaCnia informacia saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis ukanono qmedebebTan dakavSirebiT. man isic aRniSna, rom saqarTvelos delegaciis irgvliv Seqmnili situacia negatiurad aisaxeba ukrainis saerTaSoriso imijze. arCevnebis meore dRes Carterulma reisebma donecki datoves. ukrainaSi saqarTvelos saelCos konsulma Temur niSnianiZem ganacxada: `vfiqrob, doneckis mosaxleoba davarwmuneT imaSi, rom informacia, TiTqos saqarTvelodan Camosuli moqalaqeebi banditebi arian, ar dadasturda~. diplomats misia Sesrulebulad miaCnia, Tumca registraciis gareSe dakvirveba zedapiruli iyo. qarTvelebs ar hqondaT saSualeba xmis daTvlis process daswrebodnen. qarTveli damkvirveblebi ukrainaSi dabrunebas apireben saprezidento arCevnebis meore turze, romelic 7 Tebervalsaa dagegmili, da imedi aqvT, rom oficialur akreditacias miiReben. doneckis saqalaqo sabWom ukrainis Sinagan saqmeTa saministrosa da interpols mimarTa, daadginon ukrainaSi namyofi saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis saqmianoba, da gaarkvion, Tu vin SeukveTa Carteruli aviareisebi Tbilisidan. ukrainul mxares am moqalaqeTa srul siaze xeli ar miuwvdeba, radganac saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs registraciaze uari eTqvaT, xolo ubnebze misulebi xSir SemTxvevaSi sabuTebis wardgenaze uars acxadebdnen. ukrainuli sainformacio saSualebebi mkiTxaoben, Tu ra wvlili miuZRviT ukrainis politikur Zalebs qarTvel damkvirveblebTan dakavSirebul istoriaSi, da vin daafinansa Tbilisidan am mravalricxovani delegaciis Cafrena. nebismier SemTxvevaSi, provokacia Sedga, radgan ramdenime aTasi `saeWvo qarTvelis~ ambavi yvela ukrainelma gaigo.
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ukraina 2010
`qarTuli desanti" ukrainaSi

erTaderTi, rac qarTvel damkvirveblebs donecksa da luganskSi SeeZloT, iq Catarebuli arCevnebis Sedegebis kiTxvis niSnis qveS dayeneba iyo.
beso kurtaniZe
arCevnebamde ramdenime dRiT adre rusulma da ukrainulma sainformacio saSualebebma qarTvel damkvirvebelTa sia gamoaqveynes. maT Soris moxseniebulni arian irakli kodua, daTa axalaia da SoTa utiaSvili. doneckis meriis mier gadaRebul fotoebSi Cans samegrelo-zemo svaneTis gubernatori zaza gorozia. sagareo saqmeTa ministris moadgile nino kalandaZe ambobs, rom ukrainaSi damkvirveblebi ZiriTadad Tbilisis sakrebulodan, parlamentidan, samTavrobo struqturebidan da arasamTavrobo organizaciebidan gagzavnes. saqarTvelos prezidentma arCevnebamde ramdenime kviriT adre sajarod ganacxada, rom ukrainis saprezidento arCevnebSi mxars arc erT kandidats ar uWerda, misTvis ukraineli xalxis nebismieri arCevani pativsacemi da misaRebi iqneboda. Tumca, male gaCnda eWvi, rom es ase ar iyo. arCevnebamde 3 dRiT adre gavrcelda satelefono saubris faruli Canaweri, sadac xma, romelic mixeil saakaSvilisas hgavs, ukrainis prezidentobis kandidatis iulia timoSenkos msgavsi xmis mqone qalbatons gamocdili da brZolisunariani xalxiT daxmarebas hpirdeboda. saubris dasawyisSi qarTuli aqcentis mqone pirovneba ambobs: gaafrTxileT iulia timoSenko, rom prezidenti da premieri Ria eTeriT isaubrebdnen, anu am saubris mosmena SesaZlebeli iyo. saubrisas `miSa~ ambobs, rom ukrainaSi givi yvelafers mixedavs. qalbatoni ìulia~, Tavis mxriv, mosaubres hpirdeba, rom ukrainis cesko-s gadawyvetilebas sasamarTloSi gaasaCivrebda. viqtor ianukoviCis partiis warmomadgenlebma cesko-Si qarTveli damkvirveblebis akreditaciaze Tavidanve uari ganacxades. ianukoviCma
qarTveli damkvirveblebi ukrainaSi, ianvari 2010
gamoTqva eWvi, rom qarTvel damkvirveblebs miznad donecksa da luganskSi arCevnebis CaSla hqondaT. tradiciulad ianukoviCis mxardamWeri qalaq doneckis merma ganacxada, rom ver SeZlebda saqarTvelodan yvela msurveli damkvirveblis miRebas. qarTvel damkvirvebelTa umetesobas ki swored donecksa da mis mosazRvre luganskSi surdaT arCevnebis monitoringi. `regionebis partiis~ uaris gamo, ukrainis cesko-m qarTvelebze akreditaciebi ver gasca. iulia timoSenkom cesko-s gadawyvetileba marTlac gaasaCivra da kievis saqalaqo sasamarTlom gamoitana ganCineba, rom qarTveli damkvirveblebis akreditaciis Txovna ukrainis centralur saarCevno komisias daekmayofilebina. es ganCineba ianukoviCis partiis warmomadgenelma saapelacio sasamarTloSi gaasaCivra. 17 ianvars ukrainis cesko-m qarTvel damkvirveblebs akreditaciaze kvlav uari uTxra. faruli satelefono Canawerebis seriali arCevnebis meore dRes gagrZelda. Semdeg CanawerSi xma, romelic hgavs saqarTvelos parlamentis Tavdacvis da uSiSroebis komitetis Tavmjdomare givi TargamaZisas, konstantines qarTulad esaubreba. faruli Canaweri ukrainulma mediam gaavrcela. saubridan Cans, rom qarTvel damkvirveblebs doneckSi arCevnebze dasakvirveblad problemebs uqmnian. axsenes vinme laSa da gia. `givi~ ukmayofiloa laSas daxmarebiT
e.w qarTuli desantis TemiT mxolod viqtor ianukoviCma ixeira. man doneckSi xmebis yvelaze maRali maCvenebeli, 76 procenti miiRo.
da imuqreba, rom masze Zebna gamocxaddeba da umjobesia Tavi ruseTs Seafaros. amave satelefono saubarSi is konstantines hpirdeba, rom donecks did problemebs Seuqmnis, iq 8 aTas kacs gagzavnis da es ambavi martivad ar morCeba. es saubari, ukrainuli mediis cnobiT, 11 ianvars Sedga. kidev erT CanawerSi erTmaneTs ori mamakaci, parlamentar givi TargamaZis msgavsi xmis mqone pirovneba da Sinagan saqmeTa ministr vano merabiSvilis msgavsi xmis mqone pirovnebas esaubreba. saubridan irkveva, rom qarTvel damkvirvebelTa ukrainaSi gadasayvanad TviTmfrinavebi ar hyofniT. xalxi, 2 saaTia, aeroportSi zis da doneckSi gadafrenas elodeba. am saubridan irkveva, rom doneckis aeroporti qarTuli aviakompaniis TviTmfrinavebs ar iRebs. saubari 14 ianvars Sedga. am dRes uamindobis momizezebiT doneckis aeroportma qarTuli aviakompaniis TviTmfrinavebi marTlac ar miiRo. Tumca, 400-mde qarTveli doneckSi aeroportis daxurvamde ukve Casuli iyo. ìulias uTxari, Tavisi TviTmfrinavebi gamouSvas~, _ aseT
gamosavals poulobs am saubris monawile vano. saboloo jamSi e.w qarTuli desantis TemiT mxolod viqtor ianukoviCma ixeira. man amomrCevels sagangebo mobilizaciisken mouwoda da doneckSi xmebis yvelaze maRali maCvenebeli, 76 procenti miiRo. ukrainis cesko-m qarTvel damkvirvebelTa sia saeWvod miiCnia da Sesaswavlad ukrainis generalur prokuraturas gadaugzavna. qarTuli mxare siebTan dakavSirebiT TanamSromlobaze mzadyofnas gamoTqvams. ra evalebodaT qarTvel damkvirveblebs? ras Secvlidnen isini, akreditaciebis flobis SemTxvevaSi? rogorc Cans, donecksa da luganskSi ianukoviCis mosalodneli maRali mxardaWeris kiTxvis niSnis qveS dayeneba. saqarTveloSi dabrunebis Semdeg uStato `damkvirveblebma~ araerTxel aRniSnes, rom doneckSi e.w saarCevno karuselebi daafiqsires, Tumca ucxoel damkvirveblebs msgavsi informacia ar gauvrcelebiaT. miuxedavad imisa, rom avtoritetulma saerTaSoriso organizaciebma ukrainis saprezidento arCevnebis pirveli turi damakmayofileblad Seafases, `damkvirvebelma~ givi TargamaZem Tqva, rom doneckSi arCevnebi uprecedentod gayalbda da qarTveli damkvirveblebi TavianT daskvnaSi amas daafiqsireben. ukrainaSi ki 7 Tebervals gadamwyveti meore turi gaimarTeba. saqarTvelos xelisufleba kidev erTxel ecdeba damkvirveblebis daregistrirebas, Tumca 17 ianvris gamocdilebis Semdeg ar aris gamoricxuli, timoSenkos qarTveli monitorebis daxmarebis gareSe mouwios fons gasvla. 2000 qarTveli damkvirveblis samdRiani mivlinebis xarjebze arc erTi saxelisuflebo uwyeba komentars ar akeTebs. informacias ar flobs arc meriis da arc Sinagan saqmeTa saministros pressamsaxurebi, miuxedavad imisa, rom damkvirvebelTa siaSi yvelaze meti gvari am ori uwyebis TanamSromlebs ekuTvniT. mxolod TiTo Carteruli reisi, Tuki aviakompanias Tanxa saerTod gadauxades, saxelmwifos daaxloebiT 30 aTasi evro unda dasjdomoda. komunikaciis, sastumros da sxva xarjebi, uxeSi daTvliT, daaxloebiT 2 milioni dolari gamodis.
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politika
muxrovanis amboxi politikuri sarCulis gareSe

sasamarTlo ganxilvis dasrulebisa da ganaCenis gamotanis Semdeg Sinagan saqmeTa saministro muxrovanis amboxebis saqmis gamoZiebis detalebs sajaros xdis. mtkicebulebebis ararsebobis gamo, sasamarTlo maT nawils ar iziarebs.
maia wiklauri
2009 wlis 5 maiss muxrovanis samxedro nawilSi arSemdgari amboxis monawileTa sasamarTlo procesi 11 ianvars dasrulda. sasamarTlo ganxilvis ganmavlobaSi 41-dan ocdaerTma braldebulma saproceso SeTanxmeba gaaforma da danaSauli nawilobriv an mTlianad aRiara. daikiTxa 100-ze meti mowme. sxvadasxva muxliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa sul 19 msjavrdebuls miusajes. sasamarTlos bolo sxdomaze erT-erTi braldebuli darbazidan gaaTavisufles. ra moxda muxrovanis samxedro nawilSi? ras gegmavdnen yofili da moqmedi samxedro pirebi _ daumorCileblobas Tu saxelmwifo gadatrialebas? vin marTavda procesebs? am kiTxvebze pasuxi 5-Tviani sasamarTlo procesis Semdegac bundovania. muxrovanis saqmis 3 mTavar gansasjels brali amboxebis organizebasa da daumorCileblobaSi wauyenes. sabolood koba oTanaZes _ 29, levan amiriZes _ 28, SoTa gorgiaSvils ki 19 wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa miusajes. amiriZem da gorgiaSvilma daumorCilebloba aRiares, oTanaZe arc erT wayenebul braldebas ar aRiarebs. samxedro amboxSi monawileobaSi ki samive gansasjeli Tavs udanaSaulod cnobs. sasamarTlo procesebze samive maTgani dumilis uflebiT sargeblobda. swored amitom, informacia amboxis Tu daumorCileblobis organizatorebis rolis Sesaxeb sasamarTlom mxolod Sinagan saqmeTa saministros mier mopovebuli operatiuli cnobebiT da dakiTxuli mowmeebis CvenebebiT miiRo.
foto zura qurcikiZe
amboxi muxrovanSi, 5 maisi 2009
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muxrovanis saqmis Sesaxeb Sinagan saqmeTa saministros ZiriTadi informacia amboxis erT-erTi monawilis, gia RvalaZis Cvenebebs, operatiul informacias, aseve RvalaZis razmSi Segzavnil Sss-s TanamSromlebs eyrdnoba. amboxebamde gamoZieba acxadebs, rom 4 maisis Ramemde, anu RvalaZis dakavebamde muxrovanis amboxebis zusti gegma ar icodnen. RvalaZem am gegmis detalebi policias dakavebisTanave gaacno. samarTaldamcavebma amboxis CaxSoba swored am informaciis miRebisTanave daiwyes. Tumca, saqmeze muSaoba
sakuTar Tavze aiRo ruseTis moqalaqem aleqsandre ebraliZem. sasamarTlo procesze am informaciis verc uaryofa da verc dadastureba ver moxerxda. Sexvedris monawileTagan oTxi saqarTvelos farglebs gareT imyofeba da didi xania iZebneba, Tavad gia krialaSvili ki samarTaldamcavebma misi dakavebis specoperaciis dros mokles. Sss-s informaciiT, koba oTanaZe am saqmeSi ianvarSive erTveba. yofili samxedro maRalCinosani amboxebis mosawyobad saWiro adamianuri da teqnikuri resursis momzadebas iwyebs. swored oTanaZe ukavSirdeba amboxebis organizebaSi braldebul danar-
nis Semdeg asaxelebs. gamoZiebisTvis am saqmis gaxsnisas erT-erTi Rirebuli informatori Tavdacvis yofili ministri gia yaryaraSvili aRmoCnda. swored man miawoda policias informacia, rom yofili `gvardieli~ Temur meliqiZe Ss ministris likvidacias gegmavda da amisTvis SeiaraRebul jgufs qmnida. am saqmis gamoZiebisas gairkva, rom meliqiZes aqtiuri kontaqti hqonda koba oTanaZesTan. amis safuZvelze specsamsaxurebma oTanaZis TvalTvalic daiwyes. gamocdilma samxedrom es maleve SeamCnia da miimala. saqmis gaxsna mas Semdeg daCqarda, rac gia RvalaZis mier amboxSi mona-
amboxi muxrovanSi, 5 maisi 2009
specialurma operatiulma departamentma, kontrdazvervam da konstituciuri usafrTxoebis samsaxurma 4 TviT adre daiwyes. gamoZiebis masalebis Tanaxmad, kanonieri qurdis tariel onianis, yofili parlamentaris valeri gelbaxianis, kriminaluri avtoritetis bondo Salikianis da ukrainaSi mcxovrebi biznesmenis ilia ramiSvilis gadawyvetilebiT, saqarTveloSi amboxebis organizeba ukrainaSi saqarTvelos yofil samxedro ataSes gia krialaSvils daevala. es Sexvedra 3 ianvars, belarusSi, qalaq minskSi Sedga. Sexvedris monawileebis gegmiT, gazafxulisTvis dagegmil opoziciis aqciebs samxedro Zalebi unda SeerTebodnen, rom xelisufleba maqsimalurad mokle vadebSi SeecvalaT. Sss-s informaciiT, gegmis dafinanseba mTlianad
Cen or pirs _ reinjerTa batalionis Tavmjdomares levan amiriZesa da muxrovanis satanko batalionis meTaurs SoTa gorgiaSvils, aseve specdaniSnulebis razm òmegas~ yofil wevrs gia RvalaZes da maT sakuTar kolegebs Soris Tanamoazreebis Sekrebas avalebs. miuxedavad imisa, rom jgufis wevrebi gansakuTrebuli konfidencialobis dacviT moqmedebdnen, erTmaneTSi saubrobdnen mxolod sagangebod SemuSavebuli Sifris gamoyenebiT an satelituri telefonebiT, Sinagan saqmeTa saministros detaluri informacia aqvs TiTqmis yvela Sexvedris da iq miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis Sesaxeb. Sss-s analitikuri departamentis xelmZRvaneli SoTa utiaSvili operatiuli informaciis wyaroebs arc axla, saqmis gaxs-
wileobisTvis SerCeuli kadrebis nawilma (Tamaz xomasuriZem da giorgi Cqareulma) amboxebis gegmis SetyobisTanave mis Sesaxeb policias acnobes. es 2009 wlis 26 marts moxda. utiaSvili ambobs, rom am droidan Sss-m RvalaZis jgufSi agentebis Segzavna daiwyo. swored maT gamoitanes cnobebi amboxis detaluri gegmis Sesaxeb. `mas Semdeg, rac gamoacxadebdnen daumorCileblobas, muxrovans ayveboda quTaisic da goric. ayvebodnen saaviacio nawilebic. unda moexdinaT Tbilisis blokireba, gamoecxadebinaT komendantis saaTi, eTqvaT, rom marTva gadadis samxedro sabWos xelSi. 40 dReSi daniSnavdnen arCevnebs. didi albaTobiT, maT unda CamoeyvanaT ebraliZe da is gaxdeboda prezidenti~, _ ambobs Ss sainformacio
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foto zura qurcikiZe
`mas Semdeg, rac gamoacxadebdnen daumorCileblobas, muxrovans ayveboda quTaisic da goric. ayvebodnen saaviacio nawilebic. unda moexdinaT Tbilisis blokireba, gamoecxadebinaT komendantis saaTi. 40 dReSi daniSnavdnen arCevnebs. didi albaTobiT, maT unda CamoeyvanaT ebraliZe da is gaxdeboda prezidenti~.
politika
analitikuri samsaxuris ufrosi SoTa utiaSvili. Tumca, saqmeSi arc ebraliZesTan da arc ruseTis sxva moqalaqesTan kavSiri konkretuli mtkicebulebebiT ar dasturdeba. marTalia, gia RvalaZe Sss-s agentebis TandaswrebiT xSirad axsenebda fuls, romelsac saqmis SesrulebisTvis ruseTidan miiRebdnen, Tumca konkretulad saidan modioda es fuli, arasodes uTqvams. `liberalTan~ saubrisas SoTa utiaSvilic ambobs, rom RvalaZes Tavis ramdenime travma aqvs miRebuli da umetesad `sisuleleebs laparakobda~, Tumca gamoZiebisTvis mniSvnelovani daxmarebis gawevis sanacvlod, prokuraturam mas saproceso SeTanxmeba gauforma. gamoZiebis masalebs dacvis mxarem TiTqmis veraferi daupirispira. saqmis mTavar monawileebs Cvenebebi ar miuciaT. amboxebis gegmis Sesaxeb, RvalaZis garda, arc erT msjavrdebuls da mowmes konkretuli informacia sasamarTlosTvis ar miuwodebia. maTi umravlesoba ambobs, rom organizatorebi daxmarebas daumorCileblobis gamocxadebaSi Txovdnen, radgan yo-
wyebuliyo, magram SoTa gorgiaSvilma es TariRic usafrTxoebis mizniT Secvala. 4 maiss ki gia RvalaZis daakavebam, gamoZiebis azriT, procesebi daaCqara da organizatorebma amboxi naCqarevad, 5 maiss scades. 5 maisi, 2009 weli, amboxeba dRis 12 saaTze yvela centraluri telearxis sainformacio gamoSveba daiwyo cnobiT, rom muxrovanis samxedro nawilSi amboxebaa. jarSi sagangebo mdgomareoba gamocxadda. muxrovanis bazas specdaniSnulebis razmebma alya Semoartyes da SturmisTvis mzadyofna gamoacxades. maleve cnobili gaxda, rom amboxebaSi, moqmedi samxedro pirebis garda, yofili samxedroebi da samoqalaqo pirebic monawileobdnen. amboxebulebTan molaparakebebs saxmeleTo jarebis sardali Smagi Telia awarmoebda. ajanyebulebs konkretuli moTxovnebi ar dausaxelebiaT. televiziebis cnobiT, situaciis ganmuxtvaSi Zalovani struqturebis pirveli pirebic CaerTnen. ajanyebulebs televiziiT mimarTa prezidentmac. mixeil saakaSvilma maT 1-saaTiani
miuxedavad saqarTvelos prezidentis gancxadebisa, rom muxrovanis amboxi ruseTidan imarTeboda, sabraldebo daskvnaSi araferia naTqvami am kavSirze.
fil da axlandel samxedroTa nawilSi protests iwvevda is faqti, rom 26 maiss xelisufleba samxedro aRlumis Catarebas gegmavda. maTi azriT, agvistos omSi damarcxebul jars aRlumSi monawileoba ar unda mieRo. aris ramdenime Cveneba, sadac satanko batalionis danayofebis xelmZRvanelebi hyvebian, rom 2009 wlis 1 maiss 14 saaTze gorgiaSvilma maT acnoba, rom daumorCileblobis gamocxadebas apirebda. gorgiaSvilis gegmiT, satanko nawils unda moexdina aeroportis, Sinagan saqmeTa saministros Senobis da Tbilisis Sesasvleli gzebis blokireba. Tumca, ukve 5 maisis diliT Catarebul TaTbirze gorgiaSvilma maT ganucxada, rom daumorCileblobis gamocxadebas samxedro teqnikis adgilidan dauZvrelad gegmavda. Sss-s winaswari informaciiT, amboxeba 2 maiss unda da26
vada misca, rom iaraRi sakuTari nebiT daeyaraT. male gavrcelda amboxebis miznis oficialuri versia _ saxelmwifo gadatrialeba da 6 maiss saqarTveloSi dagegmili nato-s samxedro wvrTnebis CaSla. prezidentma satelevizio gamosvlaSi amboxSi ruseTis monawileobaze isaubra: `bolo kvirebis ganmavlobaSi ruseTma gaasammaga saqarTvelos okupirebul teritoriebze Tavisi samxedro Zalis raodenoba da, praqtikulad, mTeli Savi zRvis floti saqarTvelos akvatoriaSi ganalaga. gaTvla iyo, rom saqarTvelos dedaqalaqis SuagulSi moxdeboda masobrivi areulobebi, an raime saxis Zaladoba ganxorcieldeboda da Semdeg ganviTardeboda scenarebi saqarTvelos suverenitetis, Tavisuflebis, evropuli da evroatlantikuri integraciis winaaRmdeg~.
satalevizio mimarTvis dasrulebisTanave prezidentic samxedro bazaze midis, Tumca amboxeba, faqtobrivad, ise CaiSala, rom arc ki dawyebula. am dros muxrovanis bazaze koba oTanaZe, gia krialaSvili da levan amiriZe imyofebian. Ss informaciiT, organizatorebi quTaisis da goris brigadisgan mxardaWeras elodnen, Tumca bolo momentSi am brigadebma ukan daixies. amboxebulebi mixvdnen, rom winaaRmdegobis gawevas azri ar hqonda. oTanaZe, krialaSvili da amiriZe miimalnen, gorgiaSvili ki im dResve daakaves. sainformacio programebis Semdeg gamoSvebaSi kadrSi prezidenti ukve mis win Camwkrivebul, TavCaxril jariskacebs tuqsavda da momxdaris gamo pasuxs sTxovda. swored am saubarSi prezidentma erovnuli gvardiis yofili meTauri, koba kobalaZec axsena: `generali kobalaZe misaxedi iyo bevrad ufro adre. am xalxs borotebis garda saqarTvelosTvis araferi ar gaukeTebia. eseni arian Camoyalibebuli Tavisi mentalitetiT da aqvT absoluturad kriminaluri gadaxra. da es yvelam vicodiT ... am xalxs ar unda ebogina Tavisuflad amdeni xani saqarTveloSi~. kobalaZe pirdapir CarTuli kameris win daakaves. Tumca, mogvianebiT, arasakmarisi mtkicebulebebis gamo, saqalaqo sasamarTlom yofili generali amboxebaSi udanaSaulod cno da mxolod cecxlsasroli iaraRisa da xelyumbaris ukanono SenaxvisTvis Tavisuflebis aRkveTa 8 TviTa da 6 dRiT Seufarda. imis gamo, rom es vada ukve moxdili hqonda, kobalaZe sasamarTlos darbazidan gaTavisuflda. muxrovanis saqmeSi es erTaderTi SemTxveva ar aris, roca naCqarevi Sefaseba gamoZiebam mtkicebulebebiT ver gaamyara da is sasamarTlo procesze gabaTilda. miuxedavad saqarTvelos prezidentis da sxva maRalCinosnebis araerTi gancxadebisa, rom muxrovanis amboxi ruseTidan imarTeboda, sabraldebo daskvnaSi araferia naTqvami am kavSirze. braldebis saqmis masalebSi ruseTis arc erTi moqalaqe ar figurirebs, mxolod is aris aRniSnuli, rom gamoZiebiT dadgenili organizatorebis garda, saqmeSi `gamoZiebiT daudgeneli~ sxva pirebic monawileobdnen.
politika
centraluri saarCevno komisiis Tavmjdomaris arCevnebi
daniSnuli arCeuli Tavmjdomare

cesko-s Tavmjdomaris SerCevis procesSi gamoCnda, rom xelisuflebis mxridan saarCevno garemos SecvlaSi opoziciisa da sazogadoebis CarTvis iniciativa mxolod formaloba iyo.
nino gogua
wlis saparlamento arCevnebis periodidan mouwia. maSin is ceskoSi finansuri monitoringis sabWos wevri iyo. `misi rogorc profesionali auditis gamocdileba im momentSi sabWos Zalian daexmara~, _ ambobs iuristi giorgi CxeiZe, romelic am sabWoSi, xaratiSvilTan erTad, partiebis mier arCevnebis periodSi finansebis araswori gankargvis SemTxvevebs ikvlevda. arasamTavrobo organizacia àlpes proeqtebis menejerisTvis, romelmac xaratiSvilis kandidatura waradgina, mniSvnelovania axali Tavmjdomaris pirovnuli Tvisebebic. merab basilaia ambobs: èrTerTi mTavari mizezi, ris gamoc Cven xaratiSvilis kandidatura warvudgineT prezidents, misi reputaciaa. aqamdec arasdros yofila romelime politikuri mxaris mxardamWeri, rac yvelasTvis mniSvnelovani da prioritetulia. misi mizania arCevnebis kanonis dacviT Catareba. is arasdos Caidens miuRebel saqciels~. zurab xaratiSvili cesko-s pirveli Tavmjdomare unda gamxdariyo, romelsac, axali saarCevno kodeqsis mixedviT, opoziciuri partiebi da arasamTavrobo seqtori airCevda. Tumca, es ase ar moxda. arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier wardgenili 14 kandidatidan prezidentis arCevani im sam kandidatze SeCerda, romlebic xelisuflebisadmi loialuri poziciiT gamorCeulma samma organizaciam àlpem~, `Tavisuflebis institutma~ da àxali Taoba axali iniciativam~ daasaxela. maT Soris moxvda levan TarxniSvili (`Tavisuflebis
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foto levan xerxeuliZe
15 ianvars `nacionaluri moZraobis~ 98 xmiT centraluri saarCevno komisiis axal Tavmjdomared parlamentma zurab xaratiSvili airCia. uaxloesi 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi, yvela arCevnebs, maT Soris 2010-Si _ TviTmmarTvelobis, 2012-Si _ saparlamento da 2013-Si saprezidento arCevnebs swored is Caatarebs. zurab xaratiSvili finansistia. 1992 wlidan igi auditorad da xelmZRvanel Tanamdebobebze muSaobda kerZo da arasamTavrobo seqtorSi. cesko-s Tavmjdomared arCevamde sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis sameurveo sabWos wevri iyo. sameurveo sabWos Tavmjdomaris levan gaxelaZis TqmiT, xaratiSvili, mauwyeblis finansuri monitoringisa da biujetis dagegmvis garda, `muSaobda imazec, rom bordis saqmianoba maqsimalurad gamWvirvale yofiliyo. misTvis es
zurab xaratiSvili cesko-s pirveli Tavmjdomare unda gamxdariyo, romelsac, axali saarCevno kodeqsis mixedviT, opoziciuri partiebi da arasamTavrobo seqtori airCevda. Tumca, es ase ar moxda.
faseulobaTa sistemis ZiriTadi komponentia. Tumca, sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis sameurveo sabWos xSirad swored misi muSaobis bundovanobisa da daxurulobis gamo akritikebdnen. saarCevno sistemasTan Sexeba zurab xaratiSvils pirvelad 2008
politika
institutis~ kandidati), romelic opoziciis sruli undoblobiT sargeblobs da swored misi Secvla iyo erT-erTi mTavari moTxovna. TarxniSvili administrirebas 2008-2009 wlebSi Catarebul arCevnebs uwevda. am wlebSi gamoqveynebul adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso organizaciebis angariSebSi saubaria arCevnebis dros momxdar darRvevebze da naTqvamia, rom cesko-s aparats am darRvevebze reagireba ar mouxdenia. `cesko-s muSaobaSi iyo bevri xarvezi, magram mTavari iyo is, rom araadekvaturad reagirebdnen darRvevebze. SeiZleba dasjiliyo mxolod komisiis ramdenime wevri da Tavmjdomare Zalian elementaruli sanqciebiT. darRvevaze reagireba aris aucilebeli piroba
sxva didi reputaciis 26 arasamTavrobo organizaciis mier mxardaWerili kandidati prezidentis mier SerCeul sameulSic ver moxvda. miWirs, vipovo argumenti, ris gamoc aseTi reputaciis mqone kandidatze uari iTqva~, ambobs Tamar qarosaniZe. eka siraZis arasamTavrobo organizacias arCevnebis procesis monitoringis didi gamocdileba aqvs. misi xelmZRvanelobis dros organizacia `samarTliani arCevnebis~ mier ganxorcielebul proeqtebs Sorisaa evropis usafrTxoebisa da TanamSromlobis organizaciis (OSCE), SvedeTis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentosa (SIDA) da sxva saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mier dafinansebuli monitoringis misiebi. eka siraZe arasodes yofila po-
prezidentis mier SerCeul TiToeul kandidats mxars mxolod erTi organizacia uWerda, Tumca wardgenil 14 adamians Soris iyo kandidati, romelic erTdroulad 27ma arasamTavrobo organizaciam daasaxela.
imisTvis, rom momdevno arCevnebi iyos ukeTesi, _ ganmartavs Tamar qarosaniZe, `saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba _ saqarTvelos~ aRmasrulebeli direqtori. 2009 wlis gazafxulze arasaparlamento opoziciis aqciebis sapasuxod, xelisufleba saarCevno kodeqsze samuSao jgufis Seqmnis iniciativiT gamovida, romelic swored im xarvezebs gamoasworebda, romlebic 2 wlis ganmavlobaSi levan TarxniSvilis cesko-s Tavmjdomareobis dros iyo problematuri. TarxniSvilis prezidentis sameulSi moxvedra, faqtobrivad, am kompromisis gabaTilebas niSnavda. prezidentis mier SerCeul TiToeul kandidats mxars mxolod erTi organizacia uWerda, Tumca wardgenil 14 adamians Soris iyo `samarTliani arCevnebis~ xelmZRvaneli eka siraZe, romelic erTdroulad 27-ma arasamTavrobo organizaciam daasaxela. `moulodneli iyo, rom Cveni da
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litikuri partiis wevri an aqtiuri mxardamWeri. saerTaSoriso mediisTvis mis mier dawerili angariSebi saqarTveloSi arCevnebis Sefasebisas erT-erTi yvelaze sando wyaroa. prezidentis mier wardgenili sami kandidaturidan Tavmjdomaris arCevaze uari Tqva cesko-Si Semavali opoziciuri partiebis umravlesobam. `xelisuflebas hqonda mizani, gareSe pirebisTvis eCvenebina, rom TiTqos is opoziciasTan daTmobaze midis. magram sinamdvileSi es iyo makiaJi. sam TarxniSvils Soris arCevanis gakeTebas boikoti varCieT, _ ambobs qristian-demokratiuli moZraobis warmomadgeneli goCa jojua. opoziciis warmomadgenlebis TqmiT, cesko-s Tavmjdomaris arCevis sqema, romelic xelisuflebis daTmobiTi, kompromisuli politikis dadastureba unda yofiliyo, prezidentis mierve orjer dairRva. pirvelad, rodesac mixeil saakaSvilma arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier
wardgenili kandidatebidan sakuTari rCeulebi kodeqsiT gansazRvrul vadaze gvian _ 10 ianvris nacvlad, 12 ianvars waradgina (prezidentis TxovniT parlamentma kanonSi TariRi Secvala); da meored, rodesac, miuxedavad arasamTavrobo seqtoris CarTulobisa, saakaSvilis mier SerCeul kandidatebs Soris ver moxvda verc erTi kandidati, romelsac arasamTavroboebis umravlesobis da opoziciis ndoba hqonda. `saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba _ saqarTvelom, `saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciam da kidev 25-ma arasamTavrobo organizaciam mixeil saakaSvils Ria weriliT mimarTes, sadac prezidents kandidatTa sameulis SerCevis kriteriumebis ganmarteba sTxoves. parlamentis iuridiuli komitetis wevris, pavle kublaSvilis TqmiT, cesko-s Tavmjdomaris arCevnebma zustad im sqemiT Caiara, razec opoziciuri partiebi da arasamTavrobo organizaciebi xelisuflebasTan SeTanxmdnen. `Tu vinmes aqvs pretenzia, ratom ar moxvda maTTvis sasurveli kandidati sameulSi, icodnen, rom es prezidentis prerogativaa da sxva veravin ganmartavs. magram prezidentis mier warmodgenili arc erTi kandidati araa sadavo pirovneba da TiToeuli maTgani arasamTavrobo seqtorma daasaxela, rogorc es kanoniT iyo gansazRvruli. rac Seexeba vadebs, roca isini amboben, rom raRac katastrofa moxda vadis gadataniT, me mgoni, cota araobieqturebi arian. prezidentis mier dasaxelebuli da mxolod saparlamento umravlesobis mier arCeuli saarCevno komisiis axali Tavmjdomare movaleobis Sesrulebas 19 ianvridan Seudga. zurab xaratiSvils kargad esmis, rom axal Tanamdebobaze opoziciisa da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mxardaWerisa da ndobis gareSe muSaoba rTuli iqneba. `politikosebs Zalian uyvarT cesko-s TavmjdomarisTvis pirobebis wayeneba da misgan dapirebebis mosmena, rac, Cemi azriT, arasworia. mTlianad komisiis gadawyvetilebaze erT kacs rogor unda moeTxovos pasuxi? _ ambobs is `liberalTan~ interviuSi.
politika
prezidentis Sexvedra gurul mosaxleobasTan
msaxiobebi mosaxleobis rolSi

karmidamo, sadac saqarTvelos prezidents kalandobaze guruli tradiciebiT umaspinZles, ukve wlebis ganmavlobaSi daketilia da iq aravin cxovrobs. mixeil saakaSvilis saluqvaZeebis ojaxTan Sexvedra sinamdvileSi kamerebis win dadgmuli speqtakli aRmoCnda.
nana leJava, studia `ji-en-esi~
mixeil saakaSvili kalandobaze sofel cxemlisxidSi, 13 ianvari 2010
kolorituli guruli kalandoba televiziebiT mTelma saqarTvelom naxa. teleJurnalistebi guberniis mier darigebul presrelizebsa da sakuTari TvaliT nanaxze dayrdnobiT iuwyebodnen, rom mixeil saakaSvils ozurgeTis raionis sofel cxemlisxidSi saluqvaZeebis ojaxma umaspinZla. ojaxis erT-erTi wevri, romelic arays xdida, prezidents didi mondomebiT uxsnida: CvenTan ician ase, moawevs axali weliwadi da iqina zogs WaWa aqvs Senaxuli, zogs vaSli aqvs Senaxuli, WurSi ra Tqma unda da mere gamoitaneben da gamoxdian~. iqve iyo yabalaxSi gamowyobili meore adgilobrivi mosaxle, romelmac Jurnaliberali . ianvari - Tebervali 2010 . 17
listebs ganumarta: `kalandoba CvenSi aris zeimi, axal wels vuZaxiT Cven kalandobas~. diasaxlisma prezidents guruli adesa da saSobao Rvezeli miarTva. amas moyva tradiciuli `muclis locva~. yvela nacionalurma arxma ramdenjerme aCvena kadrebi, sadac xanSiSesuli qalbatoni mixeil saakaSvils garSemo uvlis, Tan ulocavs: `Tqveni yvela satkivari aRma qars daRma wyals, Tqveni yvela satkivari aRma qars da daRma wyals~. prezidentisTvis aravis uTqvams, rom `diasaxlisi~ ozurgeTis dramatuli Teatris veterani msaxiobi margo avaqiani iyo, àryis mxdeli~ _
msaxiobi omar uruSaZe. kaci, romelic saxlis ezoSi SeSas Wrida da prezidents gurul tradiciebs acnobda _ aseve guriaSi cnobili msaxiobi nugzar baramiZe. kalandoba da prezidentis maspinZloba ki maT mier kargad Sesrulebuli dadgma aRmoCnda. saCvenebeli kalandobis reJisori adgilobrivi xelisufleba iyo. msaxiobi margo avaqiani ozurgeTSi cxovrobs. is ar malavs, rom 13 ianvars prezidents `diasaxlisis rolSi~ umaspinZla. `Cemi movaleoba iyo, mimeRo prezidenti da RvezeliT Cametarebina is rituali, rasac hqvia muclis salocavi. samni varT iq msaxiobi, danarCenebi iyvnen àgunas~ Se29
politika
msruleblebi, `Svidkacas~ momRerlebi. Zalian lamazi situacia iyo sxvaTa Soris. Zalian ubralod Semovida prezidenti, arc velodi. scenaze gasvlisas sul civi ofli masxams xolme, magram imdenad moxibluli davrCi misi pirovnebiT, rom ar ganmicdia araferi. arada, mefistola kacia, mefea CvenTvis, RmerTis tola kacia. magram ar migrZvnia arc Relva, arc araferi _ viTom 50 weli masTan erTad vizrdebodi~. kiTxvaze, icoda Tu ara prezidentma, rom namdvili guruli ojaxis nacvlad msaxiobebs esaubreboda, margo avaqiani pasuxobs: _ ara, ra Tqma unda, ara! _ prezidents ratom ar uTxres, rom es Teatralizebuli dadgma iyo? _ ar SeiZleboda _ ratom? _ ar vici, magram ar SeiZleboda.
bs giorgi girkeliZe, guria niusis~ Jurnalisti. im dRes cxemlisxidis mosaxleobas mixeil saakaSvili ar unaxavs. maT uTxres, rom RonisZieba mxolod stumrebisTvis tardeboda da saluqvaZeebis saxlTanac mxolod winaswar SerCeuli da sxvadasxva soflidan gamgeobis mier Camoyvanili xalxi daayenes. `suliT da guliT mindoda vyofiliyavi RonisZiebaze da roca vikiTxe, _ mand marto miwveviT ariano. natanebeli Tu mivida da misi soflis gaWirvebaze ilaparaka, cxemlisxidSi erTxel mogveca amis SesaZlebloba da ratom ar Segvaxvedres?~ _ kiTxulobs cxemlisxideli naTela arvelaZe. ùgzooba, uSuqoba _ gaWirveba didia Zalian. uyuradRebodaa Cveni sofeli. Tu mogvxedavs mai gasaxarebeli,
Ze, èrovnuli forumis~ raionuli organizaciis Tavmjdomare. dadgmuli im dRes guriaSi mxolod kalandobis dResaswaulis rituali ar yofila. centraluri televiziebis cnobiT, `saluqvaZeebis ojaxidan mixeil saakaSvilma sofel cxemlisxidSi gaiara da adgilobriv mosaxleobas Sexvda~. Tumca, gurulebma ìmedis~ da `rusTavi 2~-is eTerSi msaxiobebi da adgilobrivi xelisuflebis wevrebi im xalxSic amoicnes, visac `mosaxleobis~ saxeliT mixeil saakaSvilTan Sexvedris pativi ergo. patara regionSi arc is damalula, rom is mamakaci, romelic prezidents mandarinis saxelmwifosTvis sarfianad Cabarebaze esaubreboda, gamgeblis axlo naTesavia. `gamgeblis colis mama gaxldaT, anu simamri. iq ZiriTadad vinc iyvnen, msaxiobebi iyvnen da
prezidentisTvis aravis uTqvams, rom `diasaxlisi~ ozurgeTis Teatris veterani msaxiobi margo avaqiani iyo, àryis mxdeli~ _ msaxiobi omar uruSaZe.
margo avaqiani ixsenebs, rom radgan saluqvaZeebis ojaxSi didi xania, aravin cxovrobs, saWmel-sasmeli iq RonisZiebis organizatorebma miitanes. mamakaci ki, romelic prezidents saluqvaZeebis ojaxis maspinZlad warudgines da gidis rols asrulebda, soso nakaiZea, ozurgeTis Teatris yofili xelmZRvaneli. `soso Cveni yofili direqtoria, xelovneba esmis da imanac ki miTxra, iseTi ubralo iyavi margo, rogorc namdvili glexis qali da ara msaxiobi, romelic scenaze TamaSobso~. winaswar gavarjiSes? _ vkiTxe qalbaton margos. `ra varjiSi mindoda, ager rZalma maswavla es salocavi~, _ mipasuxa man. dadgmaSi monawile msaxiobebi hyvebian, rom mosamzadeblad Zalian cota dro, ori dRe hqondaT. adgilobrivi Jurnalistebi ixseneben, rom kalandobis scena msaxiobebma winaswar prezidentis warmomadgenlis, marika verulaSvilis monawileobiT gaiTamaSes. `pirvelad es iyo marika verulaSvilisTvis, anu gza WiSkridan saxlamde gaiara marika verulaSvilma, meored mixeil saakaSvilma da prezidentis wasvlis Semdeg adgilobrivi xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebma _ imedisTvis~. es telekompania dokumentur films iRebs kalandobaze~, _ ambo30
kargi iqneba. bevri gaakeTa sxvagan, CvenTvis jer ar mouclia, albaT moiclis da Tu mogvxedavs, magis ukeTesi ra iqneba qveyanaze~, _ ambobs cxemlisxideli Tamar gogiberiZe. kalandobaze prezidentis stumroba gurulebisTvis moulodneli iyo. raionis mcxovrebTa umetesobam saakaSvilis stumrobis Sesaxeb televiziebiT Seityo. gurulebisTvis yvelaze moulodneli kalandobaze maTi sayvareli msaxiobebis gamoCena gaxda, romlebic prezidents saluqvaZeebis nacvlad uwevdnen maspinZlobas. kidev erTi, rac gurulebis umravlesobas TvalSi moxvda, prezidentisTvis naCvenebi dovlaTi iyo. ètyoba, adgilobrivma xelisuflebam CaTvala, rom guriaSi ar moiZebneba ojaxi, sadac prezidenti SeiZleba astumro. aq, am saSinel siduxWireSi ojaxic ki ver SearCies, rom cocxali, mSromeli glexuri garemo moenaxaT, da iq miewviaT prezidenti. amitomac dadges is speqtakli. aCvenes adamianebs, rom ai, guriaSi ase cxovrobs xalxi. sinamdvileSi, me ar meguleba arc Cems samegobroSi, arc sanaTesaoSi, arc saaxlobloSi ojaxi, sadac mivalT da aseTi dovlaTiT iqneba savse~, _ ambobs ozurgeTeli SoTa gogiberi-
sxvadasxva soflidan miyvanili xalxi. erTi qali lanCxuTidanac ki Camoiyvanes. es mosaxleobis Seuracxyofaa. yvela erTmaneTs vicnobT~, _ ambobs marine sungulia, respublikuri partiis regionuli ofisis wevri. adgilobrivi gazeTis `guria niusis~ informaciiT, kalandobis scenaris erT-erTi avtori iyo ozurgeTis gamgebeli avTandil meqvabiSvili. gazeTTan saubrisas meqvabiSvili ambobs: `ras niSnavs dadgmuli? qorwili ar aris dadgmuli? berikaoba ar aris speqtakli? daanebeT Tavi sisuleleebis Cxikins. mxolod degenerati Tu laparakobs amas. iq iyo Cveulebrivi diasaxlisi. mere ra, rom msaxiobia. msaxiobi ar SeiZleba diasaxlisi iyos?!~ prezidentis administraciis vebgverdze am dromde devs informacia, rom `saqarTvelos prezidenti mixeil saakaSvili guriaSi Cavida da kalandis dResaswaulis dadgomamde sofel cxemlisxidSi saluqvaZeebis ojaxs estumra. mixeil saakaSvilma saCuqrad CiCilaki miiRo, romlis damzadebaSi Tavadac miiRo monawileoba. tradiciul gurul ojaxSi prezidentma guruli àdesa~ daaWaSnika da mas saSobao RvezeliTac gaumaspinZldnen.~
statia momzadda evrokavSiris finansuri daxmarebiT, britanul-qarTuli profesiuli qselis mier ganxorcielebuli CSEPFM proeqtis farglebSi. statiis Sinaarsze pasuxismgebelia Jurnali `liberali~ . statia ar warmoadgens evrokavSiris an britanul-qarTuli profesiuli qselis pozicias.
ekonomika
`qamrebis SemoWeris~ saeWvo efeqti

2010 wels sainvesticio resursebis naklebobis gadafarva saxelmwifos nawilobriv biujetidan mouwevs.
revaz sayevariSvili
`saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi gamococxleba SeiniSneba. Tumca, misi sruli gajansaReba globaluri problemebis gadaWrasa da sakredito pirobebis gamartivebazea damokidebuli~, _ aseTia saqarTveloSi saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis warmomadgenlis, eduard gardneris mosazreba. gardneris gancxadebiT, saqarTvelos xelisuflebam globaluri finansuri krizisis dasaZlevad sasurveli pirobebi Seqmna. ekonomikis gamococxlebis procesi mZimed, magram mainc daiwyo da is 2010-Tan erTad, 2011 welsac gagrZeldeba. saerTaSoriso savaluto fondma mis mier gamoyofili finansebiT qveyaliberali . ianvari - Tebervali 2010 . 17
naSi finansuri stabilurobis miRweva SeZlo. axla ki yuradReba makroekonomikur stabilizaciaze fokusirdeba, _ dasZina gardnerma. ekonomikis zrdas oficialuri qarTuli statistika ukve 2009 wlis meoTxe kvartalSi eloda, romlis Sedegebic jer ar Seujamebia. manamde arsebuli monacemebi ki kvlavindeburad ekonomikis dacemis, marTalia, Senelebul, magram mainc TvalsaCino trendze miuTiTebs. 2009 wlis pirveli 3 kvartlis monacemebiT, 9 TveSi nominaluri mSp-s klebas misi fizikuri moculobisa da mosaxleobis erT sulze gaangariSebiT mSp-s vardnac mohyva. realu-
ri mSp 2009 wlis ianvar-seqtemberSi 5,5%-iT Semcirda (pirvel kvartalSi 5,9%-iT, meore kvartalSi _ 10,7%-iT, mesameSi _ 1,3%-iT). ekonomikis dacemis mizezi, wminda politikuri mizezebis garda (postsaomari mdgomareoba, gazrdili Sida da gare politikuri riskebi da ryevebi), qveynis SigniT saqmiani aqtivobis Semcireba, sainvesticio nakadebis mniSvnelovani kleba da kreditebze SezRuduli xelmisawvdomoba gaxda. 2009 wlis ianvar-seqtemberSi saqarTveloSi Semosuli pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis odenoba 60%iT Semcirda da 505 milioni dolari Seadgina, wina wlis analogiur periodSi arsebul 1,27 miliard dolarTan SedarebiT (SedarebisTvis: 2008 wels pirdapirma ucxourma investiciebma 1,564 miliardi aSS dolari Seadgina, xolo 2007 wels 2,014 miliardi aSS dolari). am faqtorebis jami ganapirobebs rogorc saerTod sagareo ekonomikuri brunvis Semcirebas, aseve eqsportis da importis klebas. 2009 wlis ianvar-noemberSi saqarTvelos sagareo savaWro brunva, araorganizebuli vaWrobis gareSe, 31,5%-iT Semcirda da 4,95 mlrd dolari Seadgina, eqsporti 1,028 mlrd dolari, anu SarSandel 11 Tveze 27,7%-iT naklebi iyo, importi ki 3,92 mlrd dolari _ SarSandelze 32,5%-iT naklebi. 2010 wels gaTvaliswinebuli ekonomikis 2%-iani zrda didwilad damokidebuli iqneba ucxouri kerZo kapitalis ganaxlebul Semodinebasa da bankebis mier ekonomikis aqtiuri dakreditebis ganaxlebaze, rac amJamad problemuri sesxebis didi moculobis gamo izRudeba. saxelmwifo biujetSi ki gaisad qveynis Sida Semosavlebi saerTo moculobis 76% iqneba. Sesabamisad, biujetis daaxloebiT 25% sagareo valebiT unda Seivsos anu sagaiso biujetis yoveli meoTxe lari sagareo validan iqneba. garda amisa, gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom seriozul eWvs iwvevs qveynis ekonomikis unari, moaxerxos im optimistur maCveneblebze gasvla, rac 2010 wlis biujetSia Cadebuli. yvela negatiuri garemoebis gaTvaliswinebiT, saqarTvelos wminda saerTaSoriso sainvesticio poziciac uaryofiTia da 2009 wlis mesame kvartalis bolos _11 mlrd dolars
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ekonomika
Seadgens, rac wina wlis Sesabamisi periodis maCvenebels 10,3%-iT aRemateba. portfeluri investiciebis valdebulebebma 880 mln dolari Seadgina, saidanac 500 mln aSS dolari samTavrobo evrobondebia. wina wlis Sesabamis periodTan SedarebiT, 2009 wlis TveSi erovnuli bankis sasesxo valdebulebebi 1,5-jer gaizarda saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis kreditebis xarjze da 700 mln dolari Seadgina. samTavrobo seqtoris sasesxo valdebulebebma ki mesamediT imata. 2010 welsac finansTa saministro 370 mln laris saxazino valdebulebebis gamoSvebas gegmavs. sxvaTa Soris, saministro 2-wlian kuponur saxazino obligaciebsac gamouSvebs; kerZod, 2010 wlis pirvel kvartalSi finansTa saministro 10 mln laris kuponuri obligaciebis gamoSvebas gegmavs. aRsaniSnavia, rom saxazino valdebulebebisgan gansxvavebiT, kuponuri obligaciebis saprocento ganakveTis dafarva yovel 6 TveSi erTxel moxdeba. 2009 wels ki finansTa saministrom 270 mln laris fasiani qaRal-
adasturebs erovnuli bankis monetaruli politikis komiteti, romelmac 20 ianvris sxdomaze pirdapir aRniSna, rom èkonomikis aRdgenis niSnebi arsebobs, Tumca, iseve rogorc msoflios sxva qveynebis SemTxvevaSi, saqarTvelos ekonomikisTvisac aRdgenis tempi gaurkvevelia~. Sesabamisad, gaurkvevelia im prognozebis cdomilebis xarisxi, romliTac 2010 wlis biujetia dagegmili Tavis SemosavlebiTa da xarjebiT. erTi ram cxadia: saqarTvelos mTavroba yvelanairad usvams xazs im garemoebas, rom wlevandeli biujeti SarSandelis memkvidrea da masSi cvlilebebi mxolod krizisis gavleniT da `qamrebis SemoWeris politikis~ konteqstSi Sevida. Tumca, ramdenad iyo 2009 wlis biujeti `qamarSemoWerili~, es calke davis sagania. Tanamedrove qarTuli ekonomikuri reformebis arqiteqtori kaxa benduqiZe miiCnevs, rom 2009 wlis biujeti qamrebis SemoWeris principiT ar dagegmila, radgan bevri iseTi xarji dafinansda, romlis gauqmebac
sagulisxmoa, rom 2009 wels mTavrobam xarjebis xelaxali gadanawilebis dros 300 milioni laris gamoTavisuflebuli saxsrebidan 150 milioni swored administraciuli xarjebis Semcirebis gziT moiZia. Tumca, eqspertebi varaudoben, rom am resursidan gacilebiT metis dazogva SeiZleba, Tu saxelmwifo ufro mcirericxovani, moqnili da efeqtiani saxelmwifo aparatis Seqmnis gziT wava. rac Seexeba gzebis dagebaze mimarTuli Tanxebis sidides da efeqtianobas, rogorc Cans, es sakiTxi 2010 welsac erT-erTi yvelaze aqtiuri ganxilvis sagani iqneba. regionuli ganviTarebisa da infrastruqturis saministros 815-milioniani biujetidan lomis wili _ 708 mln lari sagzao infrastruqturis gaumjobesebis RonisZiebebze miimarTeba. es mimarTuleba aqtualobas arc momdevno wlebSi dakargavs. magaliTad, im miliardi dolaridan, romelsac saqarTvelos aziis ganviTarebis banki gamouyofs, naxevari swored gzebis reabilitaciaze miimarTeba da
ekonomikuri reformebis arqiteqtori kaxa benduqiZe miiCnevs, rom 2009 wlis biujeti qamrebis SemoWeris principiT ar dagegmila, radgan bevri iseTi xarji dafinansda, romlis gauqmebac saxelmwifosaTvis ufro momgebiani iqneboda.
debi gamouSva, raTa biujetis mzardi deficiti Seevso. deficitis Sevseba sxva wyaroebidanac aqtiurad xdeboda. axali wlis wina periodSi naklebi yuradReba mieqca imas, rom `saqarTvelos rkinigzam~ SarSan wlis bolos gamoSvebuli obligaciebis ganTavsebis Sedegad 25 mln lari miiRo. rkinigzis informaciiT, obligaciebis gamoSveba miznobrivi iyo da igi pirveli qarTuli matareblis damzadebasa da rkinigzis modernizaciis proeqtis dafinansebas moxmardeba. Tumca, es tranzaqcia namdvilad ar gaxdeboda saWiro, rkinigzis angariSebze arsebuli 36 milioni lari saxelmwifos, dividendis saxiT, biujetSi rom ar mieqcia. ase rom, is winapirobebi, romlis gaTvaliswinebiTac 2010 wlis biujeti daigegma, namdvilad ar aris mdgradi da maTi cvlileba nebismier dros SeiZleba moxdes. amas kidev erTxel
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saxelmwifosaTvis ufro momgebiani iqneboda. magaliTad, benduqiZe acxadebs, rom 2009 wels lokaluri gzebis dagebaze gaumarTleblad didi Tanxebi daixarja. am xarjebis SemcirebiT biujeti daaxloebiT 200 milion lars dazogavda. garda amisa, benduqiZe miiCnevs, rom sabiujeto xarjebs saxelmwifo aparatSi Statebis Semcirebac mniSvnelovnad dazogavs da es nabiji aucileblad unda gadaidgas. biujeti biurokratiul aparats gaumarTleblad xelgaSlilad rom afinansebs, amaze finansTa yofili ministri daviT onofriSvilic miuTiTebs. misi azriT, 2009 wlis biujeti, dagegmvis kuTxiT, krizisuli wlis biujets namdvilad ar hgavda. mTavrobam prioritetebi arasworad gansazRvra da iseTi xarjebi daafinansa, romelzec, ekonomikuri krizisis gamo, uars Tu ar ityoda, samomavlod mainc unda gadaedo.
or weliwadSi unda daixarjos. aqedan 120-milionian kontraqts jer kidev 2009 wels moewera xeli. am TanxiT qobuleTis SemovliTi gzis mSenebloba dafinansda. kidev 120-milionians, romelic baTumis SemovliTi gzis mSeneblobisTvisaa gankuTvnili, xeli wels moewereba. sxva proeqtebis `warmoebaSi CaSvebac~ 2010-2011 wels aris dagegmili. da es mTavrobis sabiujeto politikis nawilia, romlis mixedviTac, postkrizisul 2010 wels meti fuli unda Caidos infrastruqturaSi, radgan es amoZravebs ekonomikas, uzrunvelyofs damatebiT kontraqtebs qarTuli kompaniebisaTvis, qmnis samuSao adgilebs da a.S. ukve naTelia, rom 2010 wels sainvesticio resursebis naklebobis gadafarvas saxelmwifo nawilobriv kvlavac sabiujeto aqtivobebiT Seecdeba.
statia dafinansebulia amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis German Marshal Fund-is proeqtis The Black Sea Trust-is mier. am publikaciaSi gamoTqmuli Sexedulebebi da mosazrebebi ar aris aucilebeli, gamoxatavdes German Marshal Fund-is, The Black Sea Trust-is da misi partniorebis Sexedulebebs.
Jurnalisturi gamoZieba
saxelmwifo Senze Wkviania

dacviTi saqmianobis licenziis SemoRebiT saxelmwifo kerZo seqtorSi uxeSad Caeria. gaizarda dacvis policiis gavlena konkurentebze, moqalaqeebma ki gaZvirebuli momsaxureba da biznesis dawyebis garTulebuli pirobebi miiRes.
nino gogua
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Tu gsurT sakuTari binis, ofisis an sxva saxis qonebis dasacavad kerZo dacvis samsaxurs mimarToT, arCevanis gakeTeba 41 firmis momsaxurebas Soris mogiwevT. 2009 wlis martamde aTjer ufro farTo arCevani gqondaT. maSin 400-ze meti kerZo dacvis kompania arsebobda, romelTa raodenoba radikalurad mas Semdeg Semcirda, rac kanonmdeblobaSi kerZo dacviTi saqmianobis licenzia gaCnda. axalma regulaciam kerZo dacvis biznesis warmoeba moqmedi da damwyebi biznesmenebisTvis SeuZlebeli gaxada. am sferoSi biznesis dasawyebad salicenzio pirobebi unda daakmayofiloT: 1) gadaricxoT 50 000 lari biujetSi _ raTa Sinagan saqmeTa saministro darwmundes, rom bizness seriozulad ekidebiT. 2) licenziis aRebisas da Semdeg yovelwliurad moiZioT 200 000 laris sabanko, an sadazRvevo fasiani garantia. es imisTvis, rom Tu ki klienti Tqveni arakompetenturobis gamo dazaralda,
tis Tavmjdomaris pirveli moadgile zaza gelaSvili. 2007 wels gelaSvili dacvis sistemebis bazarze yvelaze msxvili moTamaSis _ dacvis policiis departamentis ufrosad muSaobda. masve ekuTvnis parlamentSi kerZo dacvis firmebis licenzirebis iniciativa. pirovnulad igi ufro maRali salicenzio mosakreblis momxrea da Tvlis, rom 50 000 lari araa firmebisTvis rTuli gadasaxdeli. 41 moTamaSis bazarze darCenac, misi azriT, riskebTan iyo dakavSirebuli. licenziis SemoRebamde Tavisufali bazris pirobebSi momxmarebelsa da kompanias Soris arsebuli riskebi isedac daregulirebuli da minimumamde iyo dayvanili. kerZo dacvis firmebis interesebSive iyo dacvis obieqtebis dazRveva, rac maT imis garantias aZlevda, rom Tu, magaliTad, maTi mizeziT bina gaiqurdeboda, zaralis anazRaureba SeZlebodaT. ukve daxuruli firmebis umrav-
licenziis moulodnelad SemoRebis Semdeg bazarze darCenil 40-ive kompanias gauTvaliswinebeli didi Tanxis 1 Tvis vadaSi moZieba dasWirda. maTi gazrdili xarjebis Sesabamisad, gaizarda klientebisTvis momsaxurebis Rirebulebac. aman, moqalaqeebis garda, kerZo dacvis firmebic daazarala. àligatoris direqtoris moadgile miSa melua: am cvlilebebis gamo, ùkiduresad gaZnelda klientis SenarCuneba. momsaxurebis fasma danaxarjsa da mogebas Soris minimalur sxvaobas miaRwia, licenzirebuli kompaniebis Semosavali ki ar gazrdila~. miuxedavad imisa, rom àligatori gadarCenil firmebs Sorisaa da licenziis dawesebis Sedegad 300-iT nakebi konkurenti hyavs, meluas TqmiT, lizencias ar unda hqondes kerZo kompaniebis mowesrigebis funqcia. firmebs kanonis regulaciis gareSec esmiT, rom mcveli Tu normalur formaSi araa da nasvamia, klients dakargavs.
kerZo dacviTi saqmianobis licenziis SemoReba ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos deklarirebul politikas Tavisufali sabazro da liberaluri ekonomikisken.
dacvis kompanias hqondes imis finansuri SesaZlebloba, rom mas es zarali aunazRauros. 3) Sinagan saqmeTa saministro unda gaecnos kerZo dacvis firmis TanamSromlebis da xelmZRvanelebis janmrTelobis da nasamarTlobis cnobebs, raTa darwmundes, rom moqalaqeebis qoneba da janmrTeloba saimedo xelSia. 4) dacvis firmas unda hqondes sakuTari logo, mis TanamSromlebs unda ecvaT individualuri forma da muSaobis dros Tan iqonion Sinagan saqmeTa saministros mier gacemuli mowmoba. ìmisaTvis, rom yvela meore maTxovarma ar gaakeTos firma da ar hqondes pretenzia imaze, rom viRacis sicocxle uzrunvelhyos, unda iyos raRac gonivruli barieri, romliTac daculi iqneba bazari~, _ ganmartavs parlamentis Tavdacvisa da uSiSroebis komite34
lesoba Tavis droze klientTan momsaxurebis pirobebs xelSekrulebiT amowmebda. zaza gelaSvili ambobs, rom kerZo dacvis kompaniebi staJirebis sababiT xanmokle vadiT iyvandnen TanamSromlebs da xelfass ar uxdidnen. miuxedavad imisa, rom aseTi SromiTi urTierToba kanonsawinaaRmdego ar aris, gelaSvilis azriT, kerZo dacvis firmebSi am problemis gadasaWrelad swored licenziis SemoReba iyo aucilebeli: `rogor fiqrobT, Cveni mosaxleobis swavlisa da ganaTlebis done, Tundac iuridiuli ganaTlebis mxriv, iseTi maRalia, rom yvela gaWirvebuli adamiani, romelic 100 larisTvis midis samsaxurSi, damsaqmebels xelSekrulebas mosTxovs? roca adamiani samsaxurSi midis, xelSekruleba rom unda moiTxovos, amas mTel mosaxleobas ver aswavli.
kerZo dacvis firmebze licenziis administraciulad gamcemi organo dacvis policiaa. Tumca is garemoeba, rom bazris yvelaze didi, saxelmwifo moTamaSe aregulirebs Tavisive konkurentebs _ kerZo kompaniebs, saqarTvelos parlamentSi mniSvnelovan interesTa konfliqtad ar aRiqmeba da gamarTlebac aqvs. gelaSvilis TqmiT, maT damatebiTi administraciuli da finansuri resursebi dazoges da regulacia Sss-s ukve arsebul departaments Caabares. am gadawyvetilebam isedac privilegirebuli saxelmwifo uwyebis gavlena kerZo bazarze kidev ufro gaaRrmava. mxolod dacvis policiis mcvels aqvs iaraRis tarebis ufleba, riTac msxvil da yvelaze mniSvnelovan klientebs (bankebi, ucxouri organizaciebi) srulad arTmevs kerZo seqtors; aqvs mudmivad garantirebuli
didi Semosavali _ yvela saxelmwifo dawesebulebas saxelmwifo struqturebis dakveTiT (muzeumebi, Senobebi) dacvis policia da ara kerZo firmebi icavs. am garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, kerZo dacviTi saqmianobis licenziis SemoReba principulad ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos deklarirebul politikas Tavisufali sabazro da liberaluri ekonomikisken. axali licenziis SemoRebas ukan gadadgmul nabijad miiCnevs àxali ekonomikuri skola _ saqarTvelos~ prezidenti paata SeSeliZe: `licenzireba mewarmeobis Tavisuflebis SezRudvaa da momxmareblebis uflebebs zRudavs. cxadia, rom biznesze nebismieri SezRudvis dawesebis ukan, garkveuli interes jgufi unda veZioT. rogorc wesi, es privilegirebuli, xelisuflebasTan daaxloebuli da misi finansuri mxardamWeri jgufia, romelic am gziT konkurentebs iSorebs da Semosavlebis naklebi danaxarjebiT
direqtori, romelic anonimurad darCenas amjobinebs, _ Tu licenziis SemoRebamde bazari Tanabrad hqonda gayofili 400-mde kerZo firmas da dacvis policias, axla es sivrce da sabazro mogeba erT sajaro struqturasa da mxolod 41 firmas rCeba. yvela Tavisufali sabazro ekonomikis qveyanaSi, maT Soris baltiispireTSi, am sferos mTlianad kerZo kompaniebi moicavs. `dacvis policia aris sabWoTa kavSiris gadmonaSTi, magram kargad awyobili. licenziis SemoRebamde is bazris 50%-s flobda TbilisSi, regionebSi _ 70%s. wlis ganmavlobaSi daaxloebiT 16 milion lars ixdida biujetSi, kerZo firmebi jamSi mTlianad milion larze naklebs. imdenad hqonda avsebuli bazari, rom dasaqmebuli 12000 adamianis saxlSi gaSveba da bazris CaSla sakmaod disonansuri SeiZleboda yofiliyo. konkretulad ratom ar moxda am departamentis demontaJi, ar vici, da arc davinteresebulvar. Tumca cuds verafers vxedav
gamoiwereT Jurnali `liberali~ da miiReT igi gamosvlis dRes (yovel meore oTxSabaTs) TqvenTvis sasurvel misamarTze
licenzirebam isedac privilegirebuli saxelmwifo uwyebis gavlena kerZo bazarze kidev ufro gaaRrmava.
miRebis imedi aqvs. momxmarebeli Sedegad gaZvirebul da xarisxobrivad gauaresebul produqcias da momsaxurebas iRebs~. zaza gelaSvili adasturebs, rom licenziis SemoRebis iniciatori swored msxvili kerZo kompaniebi iyvnen, romlebsac 50 000 laris gadaxda ar gasWirvebiaT da 350-mde sxvadasxva moculobis konkurenti erT TveSi CamoiSores. saxelmwifo biujetSi ki am mcire periodSi 2 000 000 lari Sevida. `rac SeiZleba ndomebodaT, es iyo biujetis Sevseba. icodnen, rom Tu yvela vera, aucileblad gaerTiandeboda firmebis nawili da rogorRac SeZlebdnen salicenzio mosakreblis gadaxdas. konkurentebi CamoiSores im politikosebmac, romelTa axloblebsac an megobrebsac aqvT msxvili dacvis firmebi~, _ acxadebs erT-erTi gadarCenili kompaniis
imaSi, rom arsebobs. saxelmwifom Tavis Tavze aiRo pasuxismgebloba, roca Tavisi CareviT ramdenime aseuli firmidan bazarze mxolod `Rirseulebi~ datova. moqalaqisgan gansxvavebiT, romelic 400 kerZo kompaniis momsaxurebis arCevisas SeiZleba Secdes da Tavisi qoneba araprofesionalebs andos, mTavrobis aparats ès ar daemarTeba~. amitomac saxelmwifo regulaciis wyalobiT, arCevani bazarze axla gacilebiT mcire, magram licenzirebulia. Sedegad, Tu gsurT qonebis dasacavad kerZo dacvis samsaxurs mimarToT, 2009 wlis martidan mogiwevT ufro meti gadaixadoT, miuxedavad imisa, rom Tqveni qoneba axlac isevea daculi, rogorc aqamdec SeiZleba yofiliyo.
6 nomeri (3 Tve) _ 16,80 lari 13 nomeri (6 Tve) _ 36,40 lari 25 nomeri (1 weli) 70 lari
Jurnalis gamosawerad dagvikavSirdiT telefonebze: 23 37 31, (899) 48 62 41 an mogvawodeT Tqveni sakontaqto informacia el-fostiT: info@liberali.ge
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cxinvali, 2010
konfliqtebi
kavkasiuri dilema
kremlSi dRemde aravin icis, ra uyon samxreT oseTs momavalSi.
valeri Zucevi
dekemberSi ruseTis premierministrma vladimir putinma xeli moawera gankargulebas samxreTi oseTis aRdgenisa da rekonstruqciisTvis 5 miliardi rublis (160 milioni aSS dolari) gamoyofis Sesaxeb. aseTi ram ukve TiTqmis aRaravis akvirvebs. samxreT oseTis oficialuri pirebic ki xSirad ruseTis xelisuflebas `federalur xelisuflebad~ moixsenieben. zustad ise, rogorc ruseTis romelime regionis xelmZRvaneli uwodebs kremlis maRalCinosnebs. miuxedavad amisa, ruseTis ZalisxmeviT, gasul wels samxreTi oseTi, rogorc damoukidebeli qveyana, orma saxelmwifom aRiara: Cavesis venesuelam da sadRac wynar okeaneSi Cakargulma, pawawina naurum,
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romlis mosaxleoba da teritoria cxinvalisaze mcirea. ismis kiTxva _ raSi sWirdeba samxreT oseTs diplomatiuri urTierTobebi an erTTan da an meoresTan? miuxedavad amisa, venesuelisa da naurus `keTilma nebam~ cxinvalic da moskovic Zalian gaaxalisa. Tuki samxreT oseTSi es aRiareba politikuri statusis legitimaciisken gadadgmul nabijad moinaTla, moskovisTvis igi sakuTari saerTaSoriso gavlenis demonstracia iyo. cxadia, ruseTi cdilobs am Temis irgvliv mudmivad `maRali temperatura~ SeinarCunos. Tumca, samxreTi oseTisa da afxazeTis aRiarebis procesSi Zalian Sorsac ver Setopavs. erTi wuTiT warmovidginoT, rom samxreTi oseTi da afxazeTi
saqarTvelom, aSS-m da evrokavSirma aRiaron... vinmes eWvi epareba imaSi, rom movlenebis amgvari ganviTareba yvelaze metad swored ruseTs ar awyobs? cxadia, rom es safrTxes Seuqmnis cxinvalisa da soxumis upirobo loialobas moskovisadmi. magram, es ar aris mTavari. mTavari safrTxe ruseTisTvis isaa, rom es garemoeba gardauvalad gazrdis separatistul ganwyobebs CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi. Tumca, Tanamedrove msoflioSi, ZalTa dRevandeli gadanawilebis fonze, amgvari scenari naklebad mosalodnelia. arc erTi mezobeli qveyana, maT Soris arc belarusi da misi moqnili meTauri aleqsandr lukaSenko, ar cdilobs samxreTi oseTisa da
afxazeTis aRiareba-araRiarebasTan dakavSirebiT mkafiod gamoxatos sakuTari azri. belarusis parlamentma kidev erTxel gadado am sakiTxis ganxilva. cnobili rusi politologi sergei markedonovi ambobs: `verc erTi postsabWoTa qveyana ruseTsa da amerikas Soris arCevans ver akeTebs, radgan isini ori gansxvavebuli centria. ruseTi _ uaxloesi centri, aSS _ globaluri lideri~. es mocemuloba gansakuTrebulad naTlad mas mere Camoyalibda, rac yofili postsabWoTa respublikebidan erTaderTma _ saqarTvelom mainc gariska am arCevanis imdenad calsaxad gakeTeba, ramdenadac es mas SeeZlo. amasobaSi, Tavad samxreTi oseTi moulodnelad gemrieli lukma xdeba. ara, iq arc sainvesticio bumi
li am iol fuls daepatronon. logikis mixedviT, samxreTi oseTis opozicia, Tu cxinvalSi ara, vladikavkazSi mainc unda Sekrebiliyo. Tumca, yriloba moskovSi Sedga, radgan swored iq wydeba samxreTi oseTis meTauris bedi da es yvelam icis, maT Soris opoziciamac. da saerTod, ras warmoadgens dRes samxreTi oseTi? saerTaSoriso-sakanonmdeblo TvalsazrisiT, is praqtikulad arc arsebobs. miuxedavad imisa, rom samxreT oseTSi ruseTis federaciasTan SeerTebis ideas bevri momxre hyavs, uaxloes wlebSi ruseTi mis Riad aneqsirebas ver gabedavs da verc imas uzrunvelyofs, rom es respublika mniSvnelovanma saerTaSoriso moTamaSeebma aRiaron. Tumca, samxreTi oseTis 30-aTasiani mosaxleobis rusul
obiTac moskovi warmatebulad manipulirebda saqarTveloTi. agvistos omis Semdeg es TamaSi gaZnelda, Tumca, rogorc Cans, ukeTesi scenaris arqonis gamo, kremli isev igive TamaSis gagrZelebas cdilobs. aSkaraa, rom putinis gancxadebac amave repertuaridanaa. samxreTi oseTisa da afxazeTis bundovani politikuri statusiT arseboba SesamCnev gavlenas axdens mTlianad CrdiloeT kavkasiaze. 2008 wlis agvistodan moyolebuli am regionma destabilizaciis yvela rekordi moxsna. faqtobrivad, saxelmwifo sazRvrebis cvlilebam am mSfoTvare regionSi bevri daafiqra. ruseTis mier afxazeTisa da samxreTi oseTis aRiarebam CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi bevrs Tvali auxila imaze, rom mudmivi da xelSeuxebeli
samxreT oseTSi ruseTTan SeerTebis ideas bevri momxre hyavs, Tumca uaxloes wlebSi ruseTi mis Riad aneqsirebas ver gabedavs da verc imas uzrunvelyofs, rom es respublika mniSvnelovanma saerTaSoriso moTamaSeebma aRiaron.
iwyeba, da arc gazi an navTobi aRmouCeniaT. saqme isaa, rom moskovi am patara teritoriisTvis Seuferebel, sakmaod mniSvnelovan saxsrebs gamoyofs da kidev metis gamoyofas hpirdeba. rusuli kvleviTi centris _ `demosis~ warmomadgenlis varvara paxomenkos informaciiT, 2009 wlis seqtembrisTvis samxreT oseTSi 30 aTas adamianze meti cxovrobda. samxreTi oseTis axlandeli ekonomikuri wyobis pirobebSi, rodesac teritoria mxolod sagareo finansuri Sedinebis xarjze arsebobs, iq mosaxleobis yofnis aucilebloba arc aris. rac naklebi adamiania, miT meti darCeba moskovidan gamoyofili saxsrebidan. cxinvalis xelisufleba moskovidan fuls iolad iRebs. mis misaRebad ar aris saWiro reformebis gatareba, saerTod aranairi Zalisxmeva ar aris saWiro, mxolod kremlis saWiro kabinetebSi Tavaziani vizitebi, saxelmwifo Tanamdebobebze saWiro adamianebis daniSvna da ritualuri gancxadebebi. oqtomberSi kokoiTis opoziciis mier moskovSi Catarebuli yriloba cxadyofs, rom sxvebsac aqvT surviliberali . ianvari - Tebervali 2010 . 17
bazarze Tavisuflad SeSvebam SeiZleba srulfasovani aRiareba Caanacvlos. ruseTis pozicia TavisTavad uamrav kiTxvas badebs. iq politikas isev politikur moRvaweTa Zalian viwro wre warmarTavs _ TiToeuli Jesti, mimika, oficialuri gancxadeba Tu viwro wreSi naTqvami sadRegrZelo miTqma-moTqmisa da msjelobis sababi xdeba. magaliTad, vladimir putinis cnobili sadRegrZelo evgeni primakovis dabadebis dReze, sadac man TiTqosda Tqva, rom samxreTi oseTi sul male saqarTvelos SeuerTdeba. es sityvebi sxvadasxvagvari interpretaciis mizezi gaxda _ zogma Tqva, rom SesaZloa, ruseTma samxreTi oseTi saqarTvelos raRacis sanacvlod dauTmos; sxvebi ki miiCneven, rom putinma igulisxma, sul male ruseTi mTlianad daipyrobs saqarTveloso. sinamdvileSi ki, TviT kremlSic ver gaugiaT bolomde, ra uqnan momavalSi afxazeTsa da samxreT oseTs. 1980-ianebis bolodan 2008 wlis agvistomde afxazeTi da samxreTi oseTi kremlis xelSi im Zafebis rols asrulebdnen, romelTa meSve-
araferia, maT Soris arc saxelmwifo sazRvrebi. uaxloes momavalSi CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi sul ufro mkafiod gamoCndebian oportunistuli Zalebi, romlebsac ruseTi an unda ebrZolos, rogorc dRes, an maTTan saerTo ena gamonaxos. niSnavs Tu ara es, rom saqarTvelos ubralo statistis roli ergo, romelic Soridan Tvalyurs adevnebs didi Crdiloeli mezoblis TamaSebs? sruliad SesaZlebelia, rom uaxloes wlebSi saqarTvelos mxridan situaciaze gavlenis moxdena mxolod imiT amoiwuros, Tu ramdenad moaxerxebs is Tavisi saxelmwifo institutebis reformirebas, saxelmwifos demokratiuli safuZvlebis gamyarebas da ekonomikuri ganviTarebis mxriv winsvlas. es arc ise cotaa, rogorc erTi SexedviT SeiZleba Candes. Tanac, swored isaa, rasac saqarTvelosgan dasavleli partniorebi moelian, da rac yvelaze naklebad sasiamovnoa ruseTis xelisuflebisTvis. politikaSi yvelaze myari da amave dros araZaladobrivi argumenti sakuTari magaliTis Zalaa.
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konfliqtebi
vladimir putini da aleqsandr xloponini
CrdiloeT kavkasia
kavkasiis ufrosi
gantevebis vaci Tu kadirovis sapirwone _ vin aris CrdiloeT kavkasiis axali menejeri?
sofo bukia
amieridan dmitri medvedevsa da vladimir putins CrdiloeT kavkasiaze SeuZliaT aRar idardon. amas maT nacvlad aleqsand xloponini gaakeTebs, romelic CrdiloeT kavkasiis axlad Seqmnil federalur olqSi ara mxolod prezidentis, aramed TviT premier-ministris sruluflebian warmomadgenladac dainiSna. rusi eqspertebis azriT, xloponinis posti kremlSi imisTvis gamoigones, rom CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi Seqmnil uimedo mdgomareobaze pasuxi sxvas mosTxovon. Tumca aris kidev erTi versia _ xloponinma regionSi CeCneTis prezidentis ramzan kadirovis mzardi Zalaufleba unda gaaneitralos. kremli rom CrdiloeT kavkasiis merve federalur olqad gaformebas gegmavda, jer kidev noemberSi gaxda cnobili, ruseTis prezidentis dmitri medvedevis gamosvlisas federaluli krebis winaSe (manamde CrdiloeTi kavkasia samxreTis federalur olqSi Sedioda). sityvidan saqmemde or Tveze meti gavida, rac mowmobs, rom kremlSi cxared kamaTobdnen, vin daeniSnaT
38
`kavkasiis ufrosad~, ra uflebamosilebebiTa da misiiT daetvirTaT igi. sabolood arCevani ruseTis samTo-metalurgiuli jgufis `noriiskis nikelis~ yofil generalur direqtorze, krasnoiarskis mxaris yofil gubernatorze, aleqsandr xloponinze SeCerda. axal Cinovniks uprecedentod farTo uflebamosilebebi mieniWa _ xloponini, erTi mxriv, prezidentis sruluflebiani warmomadgenelia CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi da, meore mxriv, amave olqSi ruseTis mTavrobis xelmZRvanelis moadgile, anu vice-premieri. Sesabamisad, masve daevala regionSi rogorc ekonomikuri wesrigis damyareba, aseve _ sakadro politika da Zalovan uwyebebTan urTierToba. miuxedavad amisa, bevri ambobs, rom xloponinis mimarT dRes samZimris meti araferi iTqmis. mis am unikalur Tanamdebobas `CasaZir~ postad miiCneven. magaliTad iseTad, rogoric sabWoTa dros soflis meurneobis ministris Tanamdeboba iyo. ministrs, rogorc wesi, ararealur amocanebs usaxa-
vdnen. dRevandel CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi ekonomikis aRorZineba zustad mag repertuaridanaa. iluzia imisa, rom CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi viTareba realurad Seicvleba, aravis aqvs. piriqiT, ar aris gamoricxuli, axali adamianis gamoCenam igi ufro daZabos. axali Tanamdeboba erTmniSvnelovani, sagulisxmo gzavnilia Crdilokavkasiuri respublikebis prezidentebisTvis, pirvel rigSi ki _ CeCneTis respublikis meTaurisTvis, romlis mzardi ambicia da gavlena, karga xania, gascda uSualod mis daqvemdebarebaSi arsebuli respublikis farglebs. ceilonSi dabadebuli da cimbirSi samuSao staJis mqone efeqtiani menejeris erT-erTi Tavisebureba isic aris, rom xloponinisTvis sruliad ucxoa kavkasia da isic ucxoa kavkasiisTvis. Tumca, am faqts mas plusad uTvlian, radgan sakmaod mdidari, adgilobrivi elitisTvis sruliad ucnobi xloponini klanur korufciul garigebebs gaemijneba. eWvebi, rom kadirovi xloponins mTeli Tavisi uflebamosilebebiT Zalian male `SeWams~, arcTu usafuZvloa. asea Tu ise, es iqneba testi rogorc CeCneTis prezidentisTvis, ise xloponinisTvis, romelsac erT dros putinis memkvidredac ki miiCnevdnen. xistma kadirovma wlebis manZilze bevri mteri SeiZina. man gadaimtera mTeli liberaluri sazogadoeba rogorc ruseTSi, ise mis farglebs gareTac. kremls ar SeiZleba ar aRelvebdes is, rom putinis proteJe kadirovi Zalian xSirad uxerxul mdgomareobaSi agdebs ruseTis prezidents. Tu aqamde kadirovi kavkasiis mTavari Cinovniki iyo, dReidan es ase aRar iqneba da mTavari intrigac swored esaa. aqedan gamomdinare, CrdiloeT kavkasiis federaluri olqis Seqmnasa da iq xloponinis daniSvnas rusi eqspertebi medvedevis erT-erT yvelaze brZnul gadawyvetilebad afaseben. Tumca, es nabiji, SesaZloa, ukve Zalze dagvianebuli iyos _ kadirovma CrdilokavkasiaSi myarad gaidga fesvebi. naklebad savaraudoa, rom CeCneTis SigniT mas Rirseuli sapirwone gamouCndes.
konfliqtebi
azerbaijani
azerbaijanuli propaganda somxur enaze

azerbaijanis media waleka antisomxurma propagandam.
Sahin rzaevi, baqo
20 ianvars azerbaijanma 1990 wels momxdari saSineli tragediis 20 wlisTavi aRniSna. im dRes baqoSi sabWoTa jarebi Sevidnen. daiRupa 131 baqoeli, 700 daSavda. wlevandeli samgloviaro RonisZiebebi wina wlebis msgavsi RonisZiebebisgan mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeboda. am TariRamde sami dRiT adre azerbaijanis saxelmwifo televiziam `Sav ianvarTan~ dakavSirebuli specialuri gadacemebis Cveneba daiwyo. SigadaSig samgloviaro musika ukravda. wina wlebSi msgavsi araferi yofila. marTlac, azerbaijanis masobrivi informaciis saSualebebSi saxelmwifo propagandis xvedriTi wili bolo dros mniSvnelovnad gaizarda da `Savi ianvris~ axleburad aRniSvna amis erT-erTi magaliTia. azerbaijanuli arxebis saprogramo bade mas Semdeg Seicvala, rac 2 oqtombers samTavrobo gazeT àzerbaijanSi~ prezidentis administraciis ufrosma ramiz mextievma vrceli statia gamoaqveyna. mextievi sxvadasxva telearxebs gasarTobi programebis simravlis gamo akritikebda da mouwodebda meti adgili daeTmoT patriotuli gadacemebisTvis. mextievis piriT, rogorc wesi, Tavad azerbaijanis prezidenti RaRadebs. ase rom, telekompaniebma es pirdapir miTiTebad aRiqves. amis Tqma iyo da, nacionalur telearxebze propagandistuli, maT Soris, antisomxuri gadacemebi gamoCnda. manamde Seurigebeli antisomxuri poziciiT mxolod erTi kerZo arxi _ ATV gamoirCeoda. magaliTad, am arxze axali ambebis yvela gadacema Semdegi sityvebiT iwyeba, _ `somxeTi ganagrZobs agresias azerbaijanis winaaRmdeg~. aq mudmivad atrialeben cnobili rep-jgufis
`deiirmanis~ antisomxuri Sinaarsis klips. roca azerbaijanelma moWadrakem Temur rajabovma somex didostat levon aronians mougo, am sportuli movlenisgan udidesi politikuri mniSvnelobis axali ambavi Seqmnes da sainformacio gamoSveba am siaxliT daiwyes. xolo, roca rajabovma aronianTan waago, amis Sesaxeb informacia arc ki gasula. Tu adre msgavsi midgoma mxolod ATV- s hqonda, dRes ukve yvela arxi ase iqceva.
momitingeebi, baqo
mimdinare propagandistuli kampaniis fonze azerbaijanuli sazogadoebisTvis ukiduresad rTuli iqneba raime daTmos yarabaRis sakiTxSi.
azerbaijanma rom propagandistuli omis gaCaReba gadawyvita, amas axali telearxi _ ATV Internationalis gaxsnac mowmobs, romelic Tanamgzavris meSveobiT mauwyeblobs. formalurad, arxi kerZoa, magram aravisTvis saidumlos ar warmoadgens, rom misi mfarveli da sponsori azerbaijanis diasporasTan urTierTobis ministri, sazRvargareT mcxovrebi nazim ibragimovia. arxi sparsul, inglisur da rusul enebze mauwyeblobs, aris sainformacio gamoSveba somxur enazec. misi xelmZRvaneloba ar malavs, rom, pirvel rigSi, gadacemebi somxur auditoriazea gaTvlili. àxali ambebi somxur enaze CvenTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania, _ ganacxada arxis axali ambebis ganyofilebis generalurma direqtorma vagif aidinoglum, _ Cveni mizania somxuri publikisTvis azerbaijanis Sesaxeb swori informaciis miwodeba~. sainteresoa, rom es propagandistuli aqtivobebi winaaRmdegobaSi modis yarabaRis samSvidobo molaparakebebis procesis gaaqtiurebasTan. gasul wels am molaparakebebze mniSvnelovani progresi iqna miRweuli. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom 25 ianvars soWSi dagegmil azerbaijanis, somxeTisa da ruseTis prezidentebis Sexvedraze seriozuli gadawyvetilebebi miiRon. aseT SemTxvevaSi, orive qveynis sazogadoeba gardauvali daTmobebisTvis unda moemzados, amis gakeTeba ki mimdinare propagandistuli kampaniis fonze ukiduresad rTuli iqneba. an yarabaRis samSvidobo procesis gaaqtiureba mxolod blefia, romelSic azerbaijani TurqeTisa da minskis jgufis zewolis Sedegad monawileobs da, realurad, aranair daTmobaze wasvlas ar apirebs.
39
sazogadoeba
jariskacebi saklaso oTaxSi

foto iustina melnikeviCi
saqarTvelos xelisufleba mtrisgan samSoblos dacvis codnas skolis moswavleebsac mosTxovs.

rusudan fanoziSvili, Tamar babuaZe
40
1 seqtembris `cocxali jaWvis~ monawileebi, rusTavelis gamziri, Tbilisi 2008
41
sazogadoeba
ganaTlebis ministri dimitri SaSkini, prezidentis pres-spikeri manana manjgalaZe, Tavdacvis ministri baCo axalaia erTmaneTs ecilebodnen imis axsnaSi, Tu ra igulisxma prezidentma, roca aWarel pedagogebTan da moswavleebTan Sexvedrisas ganaTlebis sistemaSi dagegmili mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi pirdapir eTerSi sruliad spontanurad da emociurad gaacno sazogadoebas. `RmerTma ar dagvaWirvos, magram qarTvelebs unda SeeZloT Tavisi soflis dacva mainc. marto 20-30-aTasiani jariskaci qveyanas ver daicavs 5-milionian saqarTveloSi. es am 5 milionis saqmea, iseve, rogorc sazRvargareT mcxovrebi qarTvelebis saqme~, _ skolebSi samxedro-patriotul swavlebasTan dakavSirebiT prezidentis es sityvebi manana manjgalaZem ase ganmarta: ès iqneba skolebSi samxedro swavlebis sruliad axleburi meTodi da midgoma. samxedro-patriotuli aRzrda gulisxmobs samoqalaqo Tavdacvis swavlebas, mxedruli su-
cvis gakveTilebi igulisxmeba: `roca 2008 wels saqarTvelos teritoria ibombeboda da kaseturi bombebi Camoiyara qveyanaSi, arc erT saxelmZRvaneloSi ar ewera, rom maT xeli ar unda axlo, bavSvma ki es unda icodes. amas gulisxmobda prezidenti~, _ ganacxada dimitri SaSkinma. ministris vrcel monologSi, sadac man isaubra sistemaSi dagegmil siaxleebze _ dawyebuli skolis rolis gaZlierebiT, damTavrebuli moswavlis zurgCanTis woniT, mxolod 4 wuTi daeTmo erT-erT yvelaze mniSvnelovans, axali disciplinis _ samxedro-patriotuli aRzrdis SemoRebas, romlis arsi mravalricxovanma ganmartebebma araTu gamokveTa, aramed kidev ufro bundovani gaxada. gaugebaria momavali disciplinis zusti definicia, romelic `mxedruli suliskveTebis gaRvivebidan~ samoqalaqo Tavdacvis safuZvlebamde meryeobs. aravis aqvs pasuxi elementarul kiTxvebze. magaliTad, romeli klasidan daiwyeba moswavleTa samxedro-
SaSkini patriotizmis skolebSi swavlebis warmatebul magaliTad israels asaxelebs, qveynis, sadac ramdenime wuTiT mitovebuli zurgCanTac ki samxedro gangaSis mizezi xdeba. ìsraeli aris qveyana, romelic imyofeba mudmivi stresis qveS. mudmivad aqvs problemebi mezoblebTan, iseve, rogorc Cven. iq amas aswavlian. bavSvma kargad icis, ra unda gaakeTos, Tu mis qveyanas emuqreba safrTxe da icis, rogor daicvas Tavisi sofeli an qalaqi, Tavisi saxli~. yofili Tavdacvis ministri giorgi baramiZe, romelsac dRes saqarTvelos evropul struqturebTan daaxloeba evaleba, miiCnevs, rom `sazogadoebaSi is suliskveTeba araa, rogoric okupirebul qveyanaSi unda iyos~. `qveyana unda grZnobdes, rom mas didi amocanebi aqvs gadasawyveti. meti mobilizeba, SemarTeba marTebs. meti patriotizmi unda Candes Cven yoveldRiurobaSi. ai, rom gaviaroT quCaSi, restoranSi, sajaro dawesebulebaSi, es namdvivlad ar Cans~, _ acxadebs giorgi baramiZe.
prezentaciaze misul Jurnalistebs RonisZiebis dawyebamde daurigdaT presrelizebi, sadac aRniSnuli iyo, rom prezentaciam warmatebiT Caiara da mowveul stumrebs siaxleebi moewonaT.
liskveTebis gaRvivebas, rac qarTvelebsa da saqarTveloSi istoriulad mcxovreb xalxs yovelTvis bunebaSi hqondaT. baCo axalaiam _ ase: `maRal klasebs aqvT saSualeba, Seiswavlon samxedro disciplinis ZiriTadi principebi. eqnebaT saSualeba, Seiswavlon ZiriTadi unar-Cvevebi, ZiriTadi SeiaraRebuli Zalebis struqtura da aseve praqtikulad daeuflon calkeuli saxis iaraRis gamoyenebas. es emsaxureba ZiriTadad imas, rom axalgazrdebs hqondeT sruli warmodgena, Tu ras niSnavs saxelmwifosTvis SeiaraRebuli Zalebi~. ganaTlebis ministri dimitri SaSkini ki pedagogebsa da moswavleebs arwmunebda, rom samxedropatriotizmSi samoqalaqo Tavda42
patriotuli aRzrda da semestrSi ramdeni saaTi eyofa am saqmes, Semowmdeba Tu ara Tadarigis oficrebis pedagogiuri unarebi, vin Seadgens da ra Caiwereba saxelmZRvaneloSi. am mniSvnelovan kiTxvebs ganaTlebis saministros eqspertTa jgufi ramdenime TveSi gascems pasuxs. am sagnis swavleba ki Tbilisis ramdenime skolaSi ukve seqtembridan daiwyeba. manamde ki ideis avtorebs sazogadoebis nawilisTvis imis axsna uwevT, Tu ratom gaxda saWiro skolis moswavleebis samxedro-patriotulad aRzrda da ra konkretul Sedegs elian am disciplinis saskolo programaSi warmatebiT danergvis SemTxvevaSi. ganaTlebis ministri dimitri
gadawyvetilia, rom sajaro skolebSi am suliskveTebis gaRvivebas Tadarigis oficrebi Seecdebian. rac Seexeba pedagogebs, maT nawils patriotizmis konkretul sagnad swavleba abnevs. Tumca, maswavleblebis zedmeti kiTxvebi saministros gegmebSi gaTvaliswinebuli ar aris. amas mowmobs is faqti, rom dimitri SaSkinis mier gamarTul prezentaciaze misul Jurnalistebs RonisZiebis dawyebamde daurigdaT pres-relizebi, sadac aRniSnuli iyo, rom prezentaciam warmatebiT Caiara da mowveul stumrebs siaxleebi moewonaT. pres-relizi winaswar iuwyeboda, rom `Sexvedram, romelic kiTxvapasuxis reJimSi gaimarTa, moswavleebis, maswavleblebis da direqtorebis didi daintereseba
sazogadoeba
gamoiwvia da, rogorc maT aRniSnes, reformebis ganxorcielebis procesSi isinic aqtiurad CaerTvebian~. winaswarmetyveleba gamarTlda. Sexvedram mkacrad grafikis mixedviT Caiara. maswavleblebma ministrs madloba gadauxades mniSvnelovani da drouli cvlilebebisTvis. levan gigineiSvili amerikul akademiaSi qarTul literaturas aswavlis. es is skolaa, romelze sworebasac SaSkini saqarTvelos yvela sajaro skolas urCevs. `patriotizms bavSvebs, ase vTqvaT, ineqciiT ver Seuyvan, _ acxadebs gigineiSvili, _ winaT Cvenc vaswavlidiT patriotizms calke sagnad, magram ar gaamarTla. mivxvdiT, rom es xelovnuri iyo, radgan bavSvebi xelovnurobas maSinve grZnoben da guli ucruvdebaT~. mzia bolqvaZe me-20 sajaro skolis pedagogia da ambobs, rom ukve wlebia, moswavleebs patriotizms aswavlis, oRond amas qarTuli enisa da literaturis gakveTile-
zezis gamo ufrTxis. sxvebs ki biurokratiuli barierebis gadalaxva da saministrosTan yoveli intervius SeTanxmeba uwevT _ aseTia axali wesi, romelic sasjelaRsrulebis yofilma ministrma ganaTlebis uwyebaSi danerga. samoqalaqo usafrTxoebis safuZvlebi qarTul skolebSi `vardebis revoluciis~ Semdegac iswavleboda da misi programidan amoReba prezident saakaSvils dRes ganaTlebis reformis morig Secdomad miaCnia. àucileblad unda SemovitanoT samxedro-patriotuli aRzrda seriozulad. Cven es naCqarevad gavauqmeT~, _ Tqva man aWarel pedagogebTan Sexvedrisas. `dRes bevri ram Seicvala. qveyana okupirebulia. fiqrobT, rom es ar aris sakmarisad mniSvnelovani faqtori ganwyobebis Sesacvlelad? Tu adre ar gvindoda, rom es cud tonad aRqmuliyo, axla gvinda, rom es swored ase gaigon. saqarTvelo yvelafrisTvis unda iyos mzad~, _ acxadebs Tavdacvis yofili ministri giorgi baramiZe.
trosTan erToblivi programiT SeeZlebaT moamzadon moswavleebi da studentebi~. sabWoTa kavSiris droindel skolebSi samxedro ganaTlebas sakmao dro eTmoboda. marTalia, sagnis saxelwodebaSi sityva `patriotuli~ ar figurirebda, magram imdroindeli moswavleebi ixseneben, rom avtomatis daSla-awyobasTan erTad maT imasac aswavlidnen, rom sabWoTa kavSiri uZleveli saxelmwifoa, romelsac dauZinebeli mteri _ amerika hyavs da TiToeuli sabWoTa moqalaqe misi agresiis mosagerieblad mzad unda iyos. TiToeul sabWoTa moqalaqes bavSvobidanve am ideologiiT zrdidnen. ilias saxelmwifo universitetis profesori simon janaSia ambobs, rom `nebismieri politikuri ideologia, Tundac mas mTeli qveyana erTsulovnad iziarebdes, moswavleebs Tavisufali msjelobisTvis unda SevTavazoT, da ara imisTvis, rom igi upirobod miiRon~. nebismieri tipis politikuri swavleba saqarTveloSi kanoniT akrZalulia. zogadi ganaTlebis
`qveyana unda grZnobdes, rom mas didi amocanebi aqvs gadasawyveti. meti mobilizeba, SemarTeba marTebs. meti patriotizmi unda Candes Cven yoveldRiurobaSi~ _ giorgi baramiZe.
bze akeTebs. misi azriT, samxedropatriotizmis calke disciplinad danergva, SesaZloa, saSiSi aRmoCndes. `meSinia, rom bavSvebs agresia ar gauZlierdeT. mtris xatis Seqmnaze ar daiwyon fiqri~. Tumca, msgavsi araferi Tqmula ganaTlebis saministroSi organizebul prezentaciaze, romlis mizanic, wesiT, maswavleblebisTvis siaxleebis gacnobasTan erTad, maTi azrisa da SeniSvnebis mosmenac unda yofiliyo. pedagogebis did nawils SekiTxvebi gulwrfelad ar aqvs, radgan isinic im sazogadoebas warmoadgenen, romelic Zalauneburad yoveldRiurad ikvebeba patriotuli propagandiT da iziarebs mas. nawili kritikuli SeniSvnebis sajarod gamoTqmas sxvadasxva miliberali . ianvari - Tebervali 2010 . 17
qarTul skolebSi samxedro-patriotizmis SemoRebis saWiroebaze agvistos omis Semdeg meti simwvaviT alaparakdnen. mas Semdeg samxedro swavlebaSi bevri sxva cvlilebac moxda _ saakaSvilis xelisuflebam 2009 wels aRadgina manamde mis mierve daxuruli kadetTa korpusi, xolo Tavdacvis erovnul akademiaSi sekvestrirebuli saswavlo programa kvlav gaafarTova. Tavdacvis saministros oficialur dokumentSi, saxelwodebiT èrovnuli gvardiis xedva~, romelic gasuli wlis noemberSi gamoqveynda, aRniSnulia, rom `mniSvnelovania efeqturi samoqalaqo sistemis danergva skolebsa da umaRles saswavlo dawesebulebebSi, sadac gvardiis samxedro mosamsaxureebs ganaTlebis saminis-
erovnul miznebSi ki weria: `saskolo ganaTlebam unda ganuviTaros mozards unari, rom sworad gansazRvros sakuTari qveynis saxelmwifoebrivi, kulturuli, ekonomikuri da politikuri interesebi, da misces mas sasikeTo gadawyvetilebaTa miRebisa da aqtiuri moqmedebis SesaZlebloba~. prezidentisa da misi gundis wevrebis bundovani da damabneveli ganmartebebi badebs eWvs, rom axali iniciativa ganaTlebis erovnul miznebs Tvisobrivad ewinaaRmdegeba. samSoblos siyvarulsa da patriotizmis burusSi gaxveuli samoqalaqo usafrTxoebis idea am etapze skolebSi xelisuflebis politikuri ideologiisa da militaristuli propagandis danergvis mcdelobas ufro hgavs.
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Tvalsazrisi sazogadoeba
gamosaSvebi gamocdebi, rogorc ganaTlebis xarisxis marTvis Semadgeneli elementi

ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis yofili ministri sistemaSi dagegmil cvlilebaTa pakets afasebs.
aleqsandre (kaxa) lomaia, saqarTvelos mudmivi warmomadgeneli gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciasTan, saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministri 2004 - 2007
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrom gamoacxada, rom sajaro skolebSi SemoRebuli iqneba gamosaSvebi gamocdebi (ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros winaSe arsebuli gamowvevebi 20102011 www.mes.gov.ge). Tavisi zogadi miznebiT, axali iniciativa ganaTlebis reformis logikur gagrZelebas warmoadgens. gamocdebisTvis swori parametrebis gansazRvra, rogoricaa dro, adgili, masStabi, funqcia da administrireba, sakvanZo iqneba maTi warmatebisTvis. qvemoT ganvixiloT axali iniciativis miznebi da mosalodneli Sedegebi, da gamovTqvaT ramdenime mosazreba procesis dagegmvis Sesaxeb. reformis koncefcia imTaviTve iTvaliswinebda sistemis imgvar evolucias, romelic umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi abiturientTa Caricxvis procesSi skolebis rols gazrdida. Caricxvis perspeqtiuli sqema Semdegnairad gamoiyureboda: erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis Sedegi + jamuri saskolo Sefaseba (romelic, SesaZloa, gamosaSveb gamocdebsac moicavdes) + damatebiTi cnobebi abiturientis akademiuri an samoqalaqo Rirsebebis Sesaxeb (konkursebis Sedegebi, sportuli miRwevebi, saqvelmoqmedo saqmianoba da a.S.) + gasaubreba umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi. gamosaSvebi gamocdebi, rogorc vxedavT, SesaZlebelia, gaxdes am xedvis ganxorcielebis safexuri. amisaTvis saWiroa maTi etapobrivi Catareba, skolaSi SefasebisaTvis saWiro resursebis Tanmimdevruli ganviTarebiT, da mTlianobaSi procesSi skolis aqtiuri monawileobiT. amasTan erTad, gamo44
saSveb gamocdebs unda hqondeT unikaluri, mxolod maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli funqcia. iniciativis miznebi saministros dokumenti asaxelebs axali iniciativis or ZiriTad mizans: skolis atestatis pres-
Tlac miviRoT dadebiTi efeqti. Tumcaki, grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi gamocdebis raodenobasa da ganaTlebis xarisxs Soris sando korelacia dadgenili ar aris. amave dros, arsebobs riski imisa, rom gamocdebis raodenobis mkveTr zrdas, SesaZloa, moyves moswavleTa
tiJis amaRleba da moswavleTa daswrebis gaumjobeseba. skolis atestatis prestiJis amaRleba am miznis gaazrebisas mniSvnelovania adekvaturi molodinebis Camoyalibeba. ganvixiloT ori erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli molodini, romelzec xSirad saubroben. pirveli _ gamocdis dawesebis gamo, moswavleebi ukeT iswavlian da, meore _ rac metia gamocda, ukeTesia. sistemis zogierT nawilebSi da garkveuli droiT, SesaZloa, mar-
gamocdebis raodenobasa da ganaTlebis xarisxs Soris sando korelacia dadgenili ar aris. amave dros, arsebobs riski imisa, rom gamocdebis raodenobis mkveTr zrdas, SesaZloa, mohyves moswavleTa CarTulobis Semcireba, rac obieqturad uaryofiTi movlenaa.
foto daviT mesxi
CarTulobis Semcireba, rac obieqturad uaryofiTi movlenaa, da amasTan erTad ewinaaRmdegeba iniciativis meore mizans. skolis prestiJi upiratesad damokidebulia moswavlisTvis miwodebul codnaze, am codnis gamoyenebis unarsa da Rirebulebebze. ganaTlebis xarisxis mudmivi gaumjobeseba, rac ganaTlebis sistemis universalur amocanas warmoadgens, miiRweva mTel saganmanaTleblo ciklze efeqturi kontrolis dawesebiT. ganaTlebis xarisxis umniSvnelovanes komponents _ maswavlebelTa kvalifikaciis amaRlebis programebs saministros dokumenti jerovan yuradRebas uTmobs. xarisxis marTvis sistemaSi sakuTari adgili unda daikavos agreTve skolebis akreditaciam. mxolod erTjeradi aqtiT _ Tundac maRal profesiul doneze Catarebuli gamosaSvebi gamocdebiT _ SeuZlebelia 12-wliani saganmanaTleblo procesis gaumjobesebis molodini gvqondes. zogadi ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebisa da erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Sesabamisad, moswavlis kompetenciebi fasdeba mTeli saswavlo procesis ganmavlobaSi. moswavlem, mSobelma, maswavlebelma da administraciam ician, rom moswavlis jamuri Sefaseba aris maTi erToblivi mravalwliani Sromis Sedegi. gamocdebma SeiZleba xeli Seuwyos skolis prestiJis amaRlebas. amisTvis isini unda CavaSenoT zogadi ganaTlebis xarisxis marTvis sistemaSi, rogorc misi erT-erTi mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli elementi. moswavleTa daswrebis gaumjobeseba cnobilia, rom maRal klasebSi daswreba ufro dabalia, vidre dabal klasebSi. amave dros, imisTvis, rom garkveuli drois Semdeg gavigoT, Tu rogor Seicvala viTareba, zustad unda davadginoT am fenomenis socialuri, ekonomikuri, kulturuli da geografiuli Wrilebi da SeviswavloT misi gamomwvevi mizezebi. moswavleTa dabal daswrebaze saubrisas xSirad gavigebT Semdeg axsnas: moswavle mxolod im
sagnebiT interesdeba, romlebsac erTian erovnul gamocdebze abarebs. am sagnebSi is kerZo repetitorTan emzadeba, xolo danarCen sagnebs acdens. Tu es asea, Cndeba ori kiTxva: 1. gamosaSvebi gamocdebi rogor Secvlis am realobas da 2. rogor imoqmedebs gamocdebi im moswavleebze, romlebic ar apireben swavlis gagrZelebas? daswreba, rogorc moswavlis Sefasebis savaldebulo komponenti, aRniSnavs saministros dokumenti. es moTxovna sruliad Seesabameba erovnuli saswavlo gegmis moTxovnebs, romelic avaldebulebs skolebs, Sefasebis sqemaSi gaiTvaliswinon moswavlis daswrebis monacemebi. yvela warmatebul saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi, sapatio mizezis gareSe, gakveTilze dagvianeba an gacdena moswavlisTvis mZime SedegebiT mTavrdeba _ niSnis daklebidan imave klasSi datovebamde. maSasadame, moswavleTa daswrebis maCveneblis mniSvnelovani gaumjobeseba SesaZlebelia ori ZiriTadi faqtoris SexamebiT _ ganaTlebis xarisxis gaumjobesebiTa da administrirebis gamkacrebiT. moswavles unda moeTxovos daswreba, pedagogs daswrebis miukerZoebeli aRnusxva, skolas kontrolis sis-
iTavsebs erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis funqcias. gamosaSvebi da misaRebi gamocdebi sxvadasxva codnasa da unarebs amowmebs. gamosaSvebi gamocda aris mniSvnelovani, magram mainc nawili skolis Zalisxmevisa, daadginos Tu ramdenad Seesabameba kursdamTavrebulis kompetencia erovnuli saswavlo gegmis moTxovnebs. misaRebi gamocda ki miznad isaxavs imis amocnobas, Tu ramdenad aris mzad abiturienti axali, ufro rTuli codnis misaRebad. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, Cven vsaubrobT gamosaSveb gamocdebze, romelic aris saskolo Sefasebis organuli nawili, da ara skolis gasasvlelSi dadgmuli Slagbaumi. 2. erToblivi administrireba _ gamosaSveb gamocdebs erToblivad atareben skolebi da gamocdebis erovnuli centri. skolebi CarTulebi arian, rogorc gamocdebis momzadebaSi, agreTve maT administrirebaSi. amgvari midgoma SesaZleblobas mogvcems, skolebs ganvuviTaroT Sefasebis Tanamedrove meTodika, rac aseve xels Seuwyobs iniciativis pirveli miznis miRwevas _ skolis prestiJis zrdas. 3. etapobrivi midgoma _ Tavdapirvelad, 2011 wlidan gamocdebi
xarisxis marTvis sistemaSi sakuTari adgili unda daikavos skolebis akreditaciam. mxolod erTjeradi aqtiT SeuZlebelia 12-wliani saganmanaTleblo procesis gaumjobesebis molodini gvqondes.
tardeba romelime erT qalaqSi, sadac skolebis raodenoba 5-6-s ar aRemateba, warmatebuli gamocdilebis Semdgomi gavrcelebiT. pilotireba SesaZleblobas mogvcems, ukeT davakvirdeT process, gavaanalizoT miRebuli Sedegebi da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, koreqtivebi SevitanoT am axal, ganaTlebis xarisxis gaumjobesebis potencialis mqone iniciativaSi. statia daiwera `liberalis~ redaqciis TxovniT
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temis gamarTuli muSaoba, xolo resurs-centrs _ monitoringi. 2008-2009 wlebSi administrirebis gamkacrebis mimarTulebiT ramdenime warmatebuli nabiji gadaidga, da es mimarTuleba unda gaZlierdes. procesis dagegmva sagamocdo iniciativis miznebisa da mosalodneli Sedegebis Sefardebis analizs Semdeg sagamocdo parametrebamde mivyavarT. 1. funqciaTa gamijnva _ gamosaSvebi gamocda TavisTavadia, is ar
qarTveli oligarqis `jiRa~

erTdroulad qvelmoqmedma da oligarqma biZina ivaniSvilma Tbiliss Tavze usaxuri da mdare Senoba daadga, rac, ukanonobis garda, uZvelesi qalaqis TviTmyofadobis Selaxvaa.
nestan TaTaraSvili, arqiteqtor-restavratori mniSvneloba ar aqvs, es dazianebuli mcxeTis Zeglebi da bagratis taZaria, Tu abanoTubanSi lamis mTeli ubnisxela sastumro; baTumis `Seratoni~ Tu Tbilisis `redisoni~; prezidentis sasaxle Tu siRnaRis `ratuSa~; an quTaisSi mSenebare, lomebis qandakebebiT daxunZluli opera _ es yvelaferi mxolod ukanonobisa da arqiteqturis totaluri politizirebis Sedegia. ara marto gavleniani da mdidari adamianebi, aramed meriisa da xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebic kanons dRemde SeuniRbavad arRveven. kanondarRvevebis erT-erTi saukeTeso magaliTi kojris gzis gverdiT, sololakis qedze SuSis uzarmazari Senobaa. is ruseTSi moRvawe oligarqis, biZina ivaniSvilis sakuTrebaa. kojris gzis mimdebared, sololakis qedis ganaSenianebis gegmaze moskovis saproeqto institutebSi jer kidev XX s-is 80-iani wlebidan fiqrobdnen. Sesabamisi proeqtebic arsebobda. erTi maTgani Tavad maqvs nanaxi `TbilqalaqproeqtSi~. 90-iani wlebidan am adgilis aTviseba ivaniSvilis fuliT daiwyo, Tumca, Tu mSeneblobis areals SevafasebT, dasrulebaze laparaki jer adrea. is faqti, rom ivaniSvilisTvis 1996 wels gadacemuli teritoria Tbilisis istoriul nawils, xolo kojris gza mimdebare ferdobebiT landSaftis dacvis zonas ekuTvnis _ aravin gaiTvaliswina. im dros korumpirebuli saqmiani wreebisTvis Zvel ubnebSi ukanono da Seusabamo mSeneblobebis wamowyeba ioli iyo. 1996 wlis 14 maisis Tbilisis meriis #08.70.554. gankargulebiT, `saqarTvelos bunebis dacvis sazogadoebas~ (anu biZina ivaniSvils) mTawmindis raionSi, sololakis
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biZina ivaniSvilis sacxovrebeli kompleqsis mSenebloba, ianvari 2010
ivaniSvilma, erTi mxriv, qvelmoqmedeba daiwyo Tavis samSobloSi, meore mxriv ki, sakuTari qveynis dedaqalaqs, msoflio memkvidreobis nusxaSi Sesvlis kandidat qalaqs Tavze jiRasaviT daadga usaxuri da mdare arqiteqtura, rac ukanonobis garda, Tbilisis TviTmyofadobis gaufasureba da arad Cagdebaa.
xeivanSi, sastumrosa da biznes-centris asaSeneblad 4750kvm. farTobi gamoeyo. roca saqarTvelos mTavari saqmSeninspeqciis ufrosis Tanamdebobaze yofnisas saqmis Seswavla daviwye, maSindeli dokumentebic SevamowmeT da ivaniSvilis saxeli arsad figurirebda, samagierod Tavidanve cnobili iyo proeqtis ganmaxorcielebeli Sps ìnterservisi~, romlis misamarTic banki `qarTus~ misamarTs emTxveoda. ise ki, ìnterservisis~ TanamSromlebi CvenTan saubrebSi arc arasdros malavdnen, rom es miwa da Senobac ivaniSvilis sakuTreba iyo. ori wlis Semdeg aq sacxovrebeli kompleqsis aSeneba gadawyda. momdevno wlebSi ivaniSvilis sakuTrebaSi, agreTve, aRmoCnda kojris gzaze yofili wyalsacavis nageboba, romlis adgilzec 2004 wels axali Senoba aRimarTa _ ivaniSvilis kompleqsis `sameTvalyureo saxli~. amas mohyva botanikuri baRis xelovnuri kaSxlisa da misi mimdebare teritoriis dasakuTrebac. 2004 wels, kulturis, ZeglTa dacvisa da sportis saministros qvekomisiis erTsulovnad uaryofiTi daskvnis miuxedavad (oqmi #3 15.10.1004w.), maSindelma ministrma
foto Temo barZimaSvili
goka gabaSvilma ivaniSvils xelovnuri tbis gaSenebisa da sacxovrebeli kompleqsis agebis nebac misca. saproeqto dokumentaciis gacnobaze kulturis saministrom uari gviTxra da es 2005 wels mxolod sasamarTlos ZaliT SevZeliT. am obieqtis Signidan daTvalierebisa da Semowmebis ufleba ver miviReT. `sameTvalyureo saxlis~ zemoT arsebuli cotaZe/tifanis `mini sastumroc~ male ivaniSvilis sakuTreba gaxda. amis Semdeg mcire aerodromis, xelovnuri gvirabisa da tbis gaSeneba, agreTve mopirdapire ferdobze axali gzisa da moculobebisTvis gruntis momzadeba daiwyo, romelic botanikis institutis teritoriasTan erTad (iq mdgari ramdenime Zveli SenobiT) ivaniSvilis sakuTrebad iqca. dRes aqtiurad mimdinareobs axali mSenebloba xelovnuri gvirabis meore mxares da ra funqciis Senoba (Tu Senobebi) Sendeba am adgilas, ucnobia. Tumca, yvela es aSenebuli Tu mSenebare nagebobebi, gvirabTan erTad, am adgilis òkupacias~ ufro hgavs, vidre sacxovrebel kompleqss. am teritoriis
àTvisebis~ idea TavSi qarTvelebs arasdros mosvliaT. albaT imitomac, rom soRanluR-Savnabada-tabaxmelas qedTan erTad, TbilisTan damakavSirebel kojris gzasac yovelTvis strategiuli mniSvneloba hqonda. dRes ki samxedro funqcias Tavi rom davaneboT, am gzaze uzarmazari kompleqsis wamoWimva miuRebelia urbanistuli TvalsazrisiTac. Sindisi-tabaxmela-oqroyanis axali ganaSenianebis Semdeg iqaur mravalricxovan mosaxleobas mxolod es gza akavSirebs TbilisTan da amitom SezRuduli siganis mqone gzis xelovnuri gvirabiT gadaxurva da iqve winaswar Seuswavleli da aSkarad stiqiuri mSeneblobebis wamowyeba dauSvebelia. SuSis es monstri, Zveli Tbilisisa da misi arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis garda, arsebuli landSaftis sruli ugulebelyofiT aris agebuli, rac arqiteqturis upirvelesi pirobaa _ adamianis Seqmnili harmoniulad unda esadagebodes arsebul garemos. rac Seexeba meore mxares _ Senobis funqciur gamarTulobas _ SenobaTa es erToblioba, sacxovrebeli saxlis gar-
da, yvelafris asociacias badebs. istoria sxva yvelaferTan erTad arqiteqturiTac iwereba. ivaniSvili Cven Tvalwin sakuTari mosazrebiTa da gemovnebiT Seqmnili arqiteqturiT wers àxali~ Tbilisis (agreTve grigoleTis, bakurianis da sxv.) istorias. man, erTi mxriv, qvelmoqmedeba daiwyo Tavis samSobloSi, meore mxriv ki, sakuTari qveynis dedaqalaqs, msoflio memkvidreobis nusxaSi Sesvlis kandidat qalaqs Tavze jiRasaviT daadga usaxuri da mdare arqiteqtura, rac ukanonobis garda, Tbilisis, rogorc uZvelesi qalaqis, TviTmyofadobis gaufasureba da arad Cagdebaa. qvelmoqmedeba udidesi sikeTea, magram rogor SeiZleba Tundac udidesi qvelmoqmedeba sakuTari dedaqalaqis auTenturobis Selaxvis sapirwoned iqces? evrokavSirSi integraciamde jer Zalian Soria, magram Tuki saqarTvelo odesme marTlac gaxda demokratiuli da samarTlebrivi qveyana, maSin mas mouwevs swori arCevanis gakeTeba ivaniSvilis `jiRasa~ da Zvel Tbiliss Soris.
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sazogadoeba
momxmareblis uflebebi
ararsebuli arCevani
Tu ggoniaT, rom warwera produqtis SefuTvaze _ `damzadebulia saqarTveloSi~ _ biologiurad sufTas niSnavs, cdebiT. CvenTan arc importuli da arc adgilobrivi nawarmis biologiuri sisufTave ar mowmdeba.
nino robaqiZe
organoebis degradirebas iwvevs, rasac Sedegad imunitetis daqveiTeba, alergiebi, nivTierebaTa cvlis moSla da mravaljeradi intoqsikaciis safrTxe mohyveba. am kvlevebs angariSs uweven mTel msoflioSi da ganviTarebuli qveynebis mosaxleobam yovelTvis icis _ genurad damuSavebul produqts yidulobs Tu ara. ramdenime evropuli qveyana ukve gamocxadda genmodificirebuli produqtisgan Tavisufal zonad, maT Sorisaa saberZneTic. im qveynebSi ki, sadac akrZalvebi ar moqmedebs, moqmedebs mkacri kanonmdebloba genmodificirebuli produqtis markirebis Sesaxeb, ramac aseT produqtze fasebis mkveTri dacema gamoiwvia _ momxmareblis absoluturi umravlesoba biologiurad sufTa produqts irCevs. CvenTan ki arc produqtis xarisxze, arc ekologiur sisufTaveze da arc janmrTelobisaTvis saSiS danamatebze monacemebi arafers ambobs. ar arsebobs genmodificrebuli produqtis kontrolis meqanizmic, miuxedavad imisa, rom amis dadgena saqarTveloSi arsebul kerZo da saxelmwifo laboratoriebSic SeiZleba. kanoni momwodeblebs mxolod imas avaldebulebs, rom myidvels informacia mwarmoebeli qveynisa da produqtis Semadgenlobis Sesaxeb miawodos. mTavroba amas wlebis ganmavlobaSi amarTlebda imiT, rom ar surda, qveyanaSi importisTvis SeeSala xeli. amitom is, rom genmodificirebuli produqti CvenTan 1996 wlidan Semodis, mxolod arasamTavrobo organizaciebis eqsperimentebiT dgindeba, romlebic produqcias Sesamowmeblad periodulad mudam agzavnian
`momavali wlidan samomxmareblo bazarze Semosuli genmodificirebuli produqcia markirebuli iqneba da momxmarebeli mis Sesaxeb srul informacias miiRebs~, _ ganacxada soflis meurneobis ministrma bakur kvezerelma oqtomberSi. genmodificirebuli produqtis niSandebaze principuli gadawyvetileba TiTqos ukve miRebulia. orTviani vadac, rac genmodificirebuli produqtis markirebis Sesaxeb kanonproeqtis mosamzadeblad iyo saWiro _ amowuruli. miuxedavad amisa, arc kanonproeqti arsebobs da arc politikuri neba. qarTvel momxmarebels ki isev ar aqvs saSualeba, icodes, namdvilad biologiurad sufTa nawarms yidulobs Tu _ ara. problemas arTulebs isic, rom sazogadoebas zogadad urCevnia naturaluri produqciis SeZena, magram
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bevri araferi icis genuri inJineriis Sedegad miRebuli sakvebi nawarmis av-kargze. kompania èi-si-Ti kvlevis~ mier Catarebuli kvlevis monacemebis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos urbanuli mosaxleobis mxolod naxevarma icis, ras niSnavs genmodificirebuli produqcia. maTi 80% am tipis produqcias janmrTelobisaTvis ukiduresad saSiSad aRiqvams. upiratesobas ki qarTuli warmoebis naturalur produqts aniWebs. Tumca, es arCevanic gauazrebelia. mecnierebi jer kidev davoben genmodificirebuli sakvebi produqciis sazianoobaze. miuxedavad amisa, arsebobs ramdenime avtoritetuli evropuli kvleviTi centris mier uamrav samecniero cdaze damyarebuli mosazreba, rom genuri inJineriiT damzadebuli sakvebis miReba momxmareblis sasicocxlo
sazogadoeba
ucxour laboratoriebSi. saqarTvelom, ukve meore welia, aiRo saerTaSoriso valdebuleba, akontrolos genmodificirebuli produqtebis importi da realizacia da misces momxmarebels saSualeba, Tavad airCios ekologiurad sufTa da genmodificirebul produqts Soris sasurveli. Tumca, gendmoficirebul ingredientebs qarTveli mwarmoeblebic ise moixmaren adgilobrivi produqciis Sesaqmnelad, rom amis Sesaxeb warmodgenac ar aqvT. amitom qarTuli warmoeba avtomaturad ekologiurad sufTa produqts sulac ar niSnavs. anu, Tu vTqvaT, kartofili axalqalaqisaa, mis ekologiur sisufTaveze es faqtori sulac ar metyvelebs. glexma SeiZleba, arc icodes, rom genmodificirebul Tesls iyenebs, radgan ar arsebobs Sesabamisi markireba. `saqarTvelos mwvaneTa moZraobis~ xelmZRvanelis, giorgi maRraZis azriT, `sawarmoebi, romlebic sakuTar produqts importirebul ingredientebze, magaliTad soios fxvnilze amzadeben, unda iyvnen informirebuli am pro-
ris, romelic sakuTari iniciativiT 4 wlis ganmavlobaSi germanul laboratoriebSi amowmebda, iyo Tu ara misi produqti genmodificirebuli. `bedia~ mxolod saqarTveloSi damzadebul sakveb ingredientebs iyenebda da Sedegic Sesabamisi iyo _ produqti ekologiurad sufTa rCeboda. Tumca `bedias~ produqciaze gansakuTrebuli moTxovna bazarze ar iyo, radgan ar xdeboda da dRemde ar xdeba sufTa da genmodificirebuli produqtis erTmaneTisgan garCeva. amitom verc `bedias~ upiratesoba mtkicdeboda. rogorc giorgi maRraZem aRniSna, es is SemTxvevaa, rodesac kompaniis mier sakuTar produqtze zrunva momxmareblis janmrTelobaze zrunvas udris, magram es bevr mewarmes ar esmis. giorgi maRraZis azriT, importirebuli produqtebis markireba pirveli da aucilebeli nabiji unda iyos qarTuli samomxmareblo bazris swori ganviTarebisTvis. Tumca im pirobebSi, roca parlamentis mier xuTi wlis win `sursaTis uvneblobisa da xarisxis Sesaxeb~ miRebuli kanonis amoqmedeba kidev xuTi
mdgomareobas gansakuTrebiT arTulebs saqarTvelos mezoblad ori msxvili momwodeblis bazarze arsebuli viTarebac. ruseTSi `rosselxoznadzorma~ araerTxel aRmoaCina genmodificirebuli Semcvelobis laboratoriulad Seumowmebeli tonobiT Tevzis produqcia da Zexveuli. es is produqciaa, romelic Semdeg qarTul bazarze xvdeba. `rac Seexeba TurqeTs, am qveynidan CvenTan genmodificirebulTan erTad vadagasulic didi raodenobiT Semodis~, _ amtkicebs giorgi maRraZe, Tumca konkretul importiorebs ver asaxelebs. `momavali wlidan sabaJo-gamSvebi punqtebi produqtis nimuSis aRebis saSualebebiT aRiWurveba da maTi Semowmebac saqarTvelos Sesabamis laboratoriebSi moxdeba~, _ ganacxada oqtomberSi soflis meurneobis ministrma bakur kvezerelma, Tumca saministros warmomadgenlebi dRemde eridebian, daasaxelon am iniciativis amoqmedebis konkretuli TariRi. SesaZloa, xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebis erT-erTi argumenti
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis daTvlebiT, bazarze sakvebi danamatebi da marcvleuli kulturebis Teslebis 90% genmodificirebulia.
duqtis Sesaxeb. ise, rogorc yvela momxmarebels aqvs ufleba, icodes, raSi ixdis fuls _ genmodificirebul da janmrTelobisTvis saSiS produqtSi Tu ekologiurad sufTa nawarmSi~. arasamTavrobo organizaciebis daTvlebiT, bazarze sakvebi danamatebi da marcvleuli kulturebis Teslebis 90% genmodificirebulia. biologiurad sufTa produqtis SeZena mxolod maSin aris garantirebuli, Tu momxmarebeli bioproduqciis dilers mimarTavs an laboratoriulad Seamowmebs SesaZen produqts. faqti ki is aris, rom biologiurad sufTa produqti veranairad ver uwevs konkurencias genmodificirebul produqts. maionezebisa da sxva sakvebi produqtebis mwarmoebeli kompania `bedia~ erT-erTia im ramdenime qarTul kompanias Soliberali . ianvari - Tebervali 2010 . 17
wliT gadaido, mwvaneTa moZraobis lideri gansakuTrebul aqtivobas mTavrobis mxridan arc genmodificirebuli produqtebisaTvis niSandebis darTvis sakiTxSi elodeba. `qristian-demokratebis~ erTerTi lideri giorgi axvlediani miiCnevs, rom xelisuflebis maRal eSelonebSi arian adamianebi, romlebic dainteresebulni arian am sakiTxze muSaobis gaWianurebiT. konkretuli saxelebisa da gvarebis dasaxeleba uWirT, Tumca imaves amtkiceben arasamTavrobo seqtoris warmomadgenlebi _ rom ara konfliqti mTavrobis mier zurggamagrebuli kompaniebisa Tu kerZo pirebis interesebTan, saqarTvelos, ganviTarebuli qveynebis msgavsad, ukve didi xnis win eqneboda genmodificirebuli produqtisa da cocxali organizmebis Sesaxeb Sesabamisi kanonmdebloba.
genmodificirebuli produqciis Sesaxeb kanonis winaaRmdeg axlac is iyos, rom ar surT, qveyanaSi importsa da biznesis ganviTarebas SeuSalon xeli. Tumca, biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia èlkana~, sxva arasamTavrobo organizaciebi da eqspertebisa da mewarmeebis umravlesoba miiCnevs, rom es argumenti mcdaria. genmodificirebuli Semcvelobis produqtze, SesaZloa, moTxovna bunebrivad marTlac Semcirdes, bioproduqciis fasi ki gaizardos, magram es Sedegi mxolod droebiTia da am sferos maregulirebeli kanonis winaaRmdeg argumentad ver gamodgeba. miT ufro, rom kanonis gaWianurebiT da saerTaSoriso valdebulebebis ignorirebiT izRudeba moqalaqeebis ufleba, gaazrebuli arCevani gaakeTon janmrTelobisaTvis usafrTxosa da saeWvo produqts Soris.
49
sazogadoeba
4-oTaxian binaSi axla 11 adamiani cxovrobs. mets ver miiReben. erT oTaxs sami an oTxi iziarebs. diliT, sanam erTi maTgani saerTo oTaxSi socialur muSaks esaubreba, meore samzareuloSia, Cais iduRebs. mesame samuSaodaa wasuli, Svilebi ki skolaSi hyavs. bina gadasarevi remontiT ar gamoirCeva, samagierod myudroa, sufTa da Tbila. sakvebiT da sxva saWiro wvrilmanebiT uzrunvelyofilebi arian. erTi SexedviT, Cveulebrivi ojaxi ggonia. mxolod am òjaxSi~ ar arian mamebi, bebiebi, babuebi. aq yvela dedaa, an Svili. ojaxis yvela wevrs sakuTari ambavi aqvs, Tumca maT erTi ram aerTianebT _ TiToeuli maTgani ojaxuri Zaladobis msxverplia. swored amitom cxovroben axla aq, erTerTi arasamTavrobo organizaciis TavSesafarSi. 2006 wels, ojaxSi Zaladobis Sesaxeb kanonproeqtis parlamentSi ganxilvisas Tema qarTvelma deputatebma sasacilod aigdes. marTalia, maSin arasamTavrobo organizaciebis aqtiurobiT kanoni mainc miiRes, Tumca misTvis arc saxelmwifo da arc sazogadoeba mzad ar aRmoCnda. gansakuTrebiT regionebSi, sadac genderuli Tu sxva saxis stereotipebi myarad fesvgadgmulia, faqts, rom ojaxSi Zaladoba xdeba, xSirad dazaralebulic ver acnobierebs. sazogadoebis mniSvnelovani nawili ki ojaxSi gamarTul Cxubs, fizikur Seuracxyofas da urTierTobis sxva Zaladobriv formebs bunebriv movlenad miiCnevs. ojaxuri Zaladoba mravalplastiani problemaa, romelic ori adamianis urTierTobas scdeba da pirdapir Tu irib gavlenas ojaxis danarCen wevrebzec axdens. problemis gadaWras ki xels is stereotipi uSlis, TiTqos ojaxuri Zaladoba mxolod isaa, roca qmari cols scems. `moZaladeebad ar ibadebian, mizezi yvela adamians sxvadasxvagvari SeiZleba hqondes, maT Sorisaa bavSvobaSi miRebuli travmac, radgan bavSvi yvelafers ganazogadebs da fiqrobs, rom Tuki mis ojaxSi, vTqvaT, mama scems dedas, es normaluria da yvelgan ase xdeba~, _ acxadebs fsiqosocialuri reabilitaciis centr `safaris~ direqtori nato zazaSvili. ojaxuri Zaladobis Sesaxeb Catarebuli 2008 wlis kvlevis mixedviT, saqarTveloSi, SemTxvevaTa 47 pro50
Zaladoba ojaxSi
msxverplisa da moZaladis Caketili wre

miuxedavad imisa, rom erTmaneTis mimarT Zaladobisgan ojaxis wevrebs kanoni icavs, msxverpli xSirad beds egueba. amis mTavari mizezi sazogadoebis stereotipebia.
naTia guliaSvili
centSi ojaxuri Zaladobis msxverpli dedaa. daaxloebiT 25 procentSi _ Svilebi, bebia da babua _ 15%, mama ki _ 11 procentSi. amave kvlevis mixedviT, Zaladobis gavrcelebuli tipebidan CvenTan yvelaze xSiria fsiqologiuri da fizikuri Zaladoba. 29 wlis leila Tbilisidan ociode kilometris daSorebiT mdebare gardabnis raionis sofel gaCianidanaa. meuRlis mSoblebis saxlSi 9 weli icxovra. `miuxedavad imisa, rom ojaxs kidev 2 bina hqonda, 13 adamiani vcxovrobdiT erTad. dedamTili meubneboda, _ mxolod Cemi sikvdilis Se-
mdeg SeZlebT calke cxovrebaso. Cem qmars winaaRmdegoba misTvis arasodes gauwevia da mec, Tu rames vityodi, ramdenime Tve xmas ar mcemda. 9 weli CadriT viare, da odnav mokle kabas ver vicvamdi, imitom rom dedamTils ase surda. iq araraoba viyavi. ufrosi Svili skolaSi dadioda, magram ar vicodi romelSi, mxolod Svilebis gaCena da recxva mevaleboda. arc is vicodi, Cemi qmari sad muSaobda da ramdens gamoimuSavebda. ver gavuZeli ase cxovrebas da gamoviqeci, ufro sworad gamomagdes 3 SviliT, meoTxeze orsulad viyavi~. leila axla
ilustracia sofo kirTaZe / wignis saxelosno
sazogadoeba
qalTa daxmarebis qselis TavSesafarSi cxovrobs. iqve hyavs Svilebic da surs, cxovreba Tavidan daiwyos; rame xeloba Seiswavlos, magaliTad parikmaxeroba, da muSaoba daiwyos. garTulebuli anda mudmivi ojaxuri konfliqtis gamo, sareabilitacio centrs mxolod gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi mimarTaven. es maSin, roca, kvlevis mixedviT, patrulis cxel xazze Sesuli yoveli me-4 zari ojaxur Zaladobas exeba. patrulis gamoZaxebis uflebas dazaralebulebs 2006 wels miRebuli kanoni aZlevs. amave kanonis mixedviT, Zaladobis msxverpls ufleba aqvs, e.w. Semakavebeli orderis gacema moiTxovos. am SemTxvevaSi ojaxis moZalade wevri valdebulia, dazaralebulisgan garkveuli vadiT distancia daicvas. Tumca, ojaxSi momxdari intimuri drama xSirad saxlis kedlebs SigniT rCeba. kvlevis mixedviT, moZaladisTvis orderis gamoweraze TviTon dazaralebulebi amboben uars, radgan maTi survili ojaxis wevris dasjaze metad, ojaxis SenarCunebaa. xSiria iseTi SemTxvevebic, roca qalebi isev brundebian saxlSi, sadac saSineli Seuracxyofa miayenes. fsiqologebi ki amboben, rom Zaladoba arasdrosaa erTjeradi. `SeiZleba mSvidi periodi didxans gagrZeldes, Tumca problema odesme isev Tavs iCens~, _ ambobs fsiqologi rusudan fxakaZe. amitom TavSesafrebSi Zaladobis msxverpl adamianebs maT potenciur moZaladesTan urTierTobasac aswavlian. fsiqologebi imasac amboben, rom aucilebelia ojaxis moZalade wevrTan muSaobac, miT ufro maSin, Tu fsiqologiuri travma Zalian mZimea an msxverpls erTdroulad ojaxis ramdenime wevri Cagravs. am problemebiT TavSesafars ZiriTadad is qalebi akiTxaven, romlebic qorwinebis gareSe orsuldebian da aRarc mSoblebis ojaxebi uSveben Sin. goris raionidan devnili 23 wlis maia Zaladobis msxverplTa TavSesafar `saxlSi~ cxovrobs. orsulobis periodSi Zaladoba man jer qmrisgan ganicada, masTan daSorebis Semdeg ki saxlSi analogiur damokidebulebas Zmisgan itanda. aman misi da bavSvis janmrTelobac Searyia. deda-Svils ramdenime operacia dasWirda, Tumca
Zaladobis kvali kvlavac etyobaT. maias saSvilosnosTan dakavSirebuli problemebi aqvs, bavSvs nervuli sistema dauzianda. ojaxSi, Tundac arapirdapiri Zaladobis dros, bavSvi yovelTvis fsiqologiuri Zaladobis msxverplia, da amas statistikac adasturebs. `3 wlidan bavSvebs enurezi, umizezo tirili, SfoTvebi aqvT, iseve rogorc kuWis problemebi, ebmiT ena, SiSebi aqvT xmaurze. gardatexis asakSi Zalian agresiulebi arian. axasiaTebT undobloba. interesis dakargva megobrebis, skolis mimarT~, _ acxadebs fsiqologi elene samuSia. zogjer bavSvebs msgavs mdgomareobaSi dedis uyuradReboba agdebs, romelsac, meuRlesTan gamudmebuli konfliqtis gamo, Svilze zrunvis Zala aRar rCeba da uyuradRebobiT TviTonve Zaladobs bavSvze. Tumca, xdeba isec, rom mudmivi fsiqikuri stresiT gadaRlili da daSinebuli deda Svilis fsiqikas masze gadametebuli zrunviT azianebs. qalbaton ciras qmarma da mulma ufrosi Svili waarTves. TviTon umcros vaJTan erTad axla TavSesafarSi cxovrobs. 11 wlis biWs deda gverdidan ar icilebs imis SiSiT, rom es bavSvic ar dakargos. Sedegad, biWi imdenad miejaWva mSobels, rom skolaSic veRar dadis marto da damoukideblad martivi gadawyvetilebis miRebac ki uWirs.
troSi amboben, rom dapirebuli ori TavSesafari Tbilissa da gorSi wels aucileblad dasruldeba. ori Tvis win SedarebiT daixvewa kanonmdebloba. ojaxuri Zaladobis Sesaxeb kanonis miRebidan 4 wlis Tavze kanonmdeblebs am Temaze aRar uciniaT. siaxlea isic, rom moZalade ojaxis wevrs Semakavebeli an damcavi orderebis darRvevebisas pirvel jerze mxolod administraciuli sasjeli daekisreba, rom mkacrma sanqciam msxverplic ar daaSinos da es ar gaxdes patrulis gamoZaxebisgan Tavis Sekavebis mizezi. administraciuli sasjeli kategoriulad ar iTvaliswinebs fulad jarimas, rom ar damZimdes isedac stresSi myofi ojaxis finansuri mdgomareoba da axali konfliqtis safuZveli ar gaxdes. àmitom administraciuli jarima 7-dan 30 dRemde patimroba iqneba da mxolod meored darRvevis SemTxvevaSi aRiZvreba sisxlis samarTlis saqme~, _ ambobs fondis xelmZRvaneli mari mesxi. welsve unda Seiqmnas ojaxSi Zaladobis winaaRmdeg brZolis mudmivmoqmedi sabWoc. Tuki msxverpls ar surs policiasTan dakavSireba, SeeZleba, dasaxmareblad sabWos mimarTos. Tumca, saxelmwifos es iniciativebi problemis aRmosafxvrelad sakmarisi araa. aranakleb mniSvnelovania sazogadoebis informireba
patrulis cxel xazze Sesuli yoveli me-4 zari ojaxur Zaladobas exeba.
xSirad bavSvebi danaSaulis grZnobiTac itanjebian, radgan mSoblebs Soris Zaladobrivi urTierTobis mizezad sakuTari Tavi miaCniaT. ojaxSi Zaladobis sakiTxebze, arasamTavrobo seqtoris paralelurad, erTaderTi saxelmwifo struqtura _ trefikingis msxverplTa dacvis saxelmwifo fondi muSaobs. organizacias profili sagangebod gaufarToves, radgan saxelmwifom ver Seasrula piroba da ojaxuri Zaladobis msxverplTaTvis TavSesafrebis mSenebloba agvistos omis mizeziT dRemde ver daasrula. jandacvis saminis-
da Zaladobis gamaRvivebel stereotipebTan dapirispireba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, sazogadoebis udidesi nawili, gansakuTrebiT ki raionebSi mcxovrebi mosaxleoba, didxans ver gaacnobierebs, rom fizikuri da fsiqologiuri Seuracxyofis moTmeniT sakuTar Svilebsac azaraleben. mxolod stereotipebis Serbilebis Semdeg iqneba SesaZlebeli, msxverplmac da moZalademac gaiazron, rom ojaxSi Zaladoba _ es ara mxolod intimuri konfliqtia, aramed danaSauli, romelic kanoniT isjeba.
51
zviad gamsaxurdia mitingze
jaba ioseliani
prologi Tu ar vcdebi, zaza firaliSvilis erTi Zveli statiis saTauri iyo `dabruneba istoriaSi~. avtori, Tavis mxriv, merab mamardaSvils daesesxa, romelic xSirad ambobda, rom saqarTvelos damoukidebloba Tundac imitomaa aucilebeli, rom Cveni Tavi davinaxoT, gavarkvioT, vin varT da ras warmovadgenT. oci wlis win Cven davbrundiT istoriaSi da davinaxeT Cveni Tavi. didad aRfrTovanebuli ar davrCiT nanaxiT, magram Tuki istoriis yvelaze didi gakveTili isaa, rom am gakveTils aravin swavlobs, saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi, ase namdvilad ar aris. mTeli Cveni uaxlesi istoria sworedac rom erTgvari ganswavlis periodia, garkveul iluziebTan damSvidobebis wlebi, unda vTqva, rom sakmaod saxifaTo iluziebTan da sakmaod mZime damSvidobebis. da yoveli maTgani iyo ara marto iluzia, aramed erTgvari saxadic, avadmyofoba, romelic arcTu sasiamovno gadasatania, magram gadatanis Semdeg imunitets gimuSavebs da meored ukve aRar Segeyreba. ver vityvi, rom gamojanmrTelebis Semdeg es imuniteti mTel sazogadoebas gamoumuSavda, magram politikurad aqtiur nawilSi, im wreebSi, sadac gadawyvetilebebi miiReba da xorcieldeba, amgvari tendencia aSkaraa. am TvalTaxedviT, saqarTvelos istoria permanentuli avadmyofobagamojanmrTelebis istoriaa, oRond gamojanmrTelebis periodi Zalian xanmoklea xolme, Tan gadatanil saxads garTulebebic sCvevia da mankieri efeqtebic. saxadi 1. eTnocentruli pirvelad iyo zviadi. ufro zustad, eTnocentruli nacionalizmi, romel52
saubrebi liberalizmze
saxadi 5
optimisturi tragedia prologiT da epilogiT
daviT zurabiSvili
mac erovnuli moZraobis periodSi vulkaniviT amoxeTqa da iseTi amazrzeni saxiT wardga Cven winaSe, kinaRam srul nihilizmSi gadaisrola mTeli moazrovne sazogadoeba. aq ar iyo araferi axali. aTwleulebis manZilze ikvebeboda qarTuli nacionalizmi im miTiT, rom araqarTvelebi Segnebulad cdiloben, fexi moikidon Cven miwawyalze, nel-nela Segvaviwrovon da gangvdevnon. es miewereboda ara marto kremlis farul zraxvebs, aramed TviT araqarTul eTnosebsac, romlebic demografiuli aneqsiisTvis gamzadebul zombebad iyvnen warmodgenilebi. marto literaturuli nawarmoebebi imdenia Seqmnili am Temaze, rom mTeli anTologiac ki SeiZleba Seadgino _ mixeil javaxiSvilis `jayos xiznebidan dawyebuli, muxran maWavarianis leqsebiT damTavrebuli (`gugulis kvercxi esoden uxvad jer ar yofila CvenSi da a. S.). mokled, es infeqciuri daavadeba, karga xania, gvWirda, oRond SedarebiT miyuCebuli formiT. damoukideblobis maTrobela haerma mxolod misi aqtivizireba moaxdina. aqtivizirebuli miTi ki Zalian maxinji gamodga. is gamoixata borjomis raionidan osi mosaxleobis masobriv gamosaxlebaSi, eTnikuri niSniT xalxis samsaxurebidan daTxovnasa Tu saSinlad Seuracxmyofeli epiTetebis raxaruxSi yvelaze maRali tribunebidan. raoden uaryofiTadac unda SevafasoT 1991-92 wlebis saSobao gadatrialeba (da cxadia, uaryofiTad unda SevafasoT), SegviZlia Tamamad ganvacxadoT, rom es koSmari faqtobrivad gamsaxurdias xelisuflebasTan erTad damTavrda. aranairi politikuri Tu sazogadoebrivi dividendebis momtani eTnocentruli nacionalizmi mas Semdeg aRar aris. erTxans piradobis mowmobaSi erovnebis aRniSvna da miwaze kerZo sakuTrebis araqarTvelebisTvis dakanoneba rCeboda ukanasknel bastionebad, magram es ori bastionic ise daeca, seriozuli ryevebi ar gamouwvevia. dRes mxolod marginaluri jgufebi Tu operireben im sqemebiT, odesRac erovnulobisa da qarTvelobis ucilobel atributad rom iTvleboda. eTnikur dapirispirebaze apelireba gaxda arapopularuli da principulad miuRebeli. kontrargumentis saxiT, viRacam, SesaZloa, afxazeTis omi da cxinvalis regionSi ganviTarebuli movlenebi gaixsenos, magram aq ufro politikuri faqtorebi moqmedebda, Tu ar CavTvliT samxreT oseTis olqis gauqmebas, rac gamsaxurdias dros moxda da didwilad iyo gapirobebuli eTnocentruli nacionalizmis stereotipebiT. mokled, eTnocentruli nacionalizmis saxadi mZime danakargebiT, maliberali . ianvari - Tebervali 2010 . 17
foto gogi cagareli
foto irakli gedeniZe
eduard SevardnaZe
mixeil saakaSvili da ilia II bagratis taZarSi
gram mainc movixadeT, Tumca, sabWoTa periodSi Seyrili infeqciuri daavadebebis nusxa amiT ar amowurula. saxadi 2. qurduli Semdegi saxadi, romelmac gamsaxurdias damxobis Semdeg uaRresad mwvave da janmrTelobisTvis saSiSi forma miiRo, iyo kriminaluri romantizmis miTi. es miTic didi xnis ganmavlobaSi iZerweboda Cven cnobierebaSi. marTalia, keTilSobili yaCaRis stereotipi marto qarTuli kulturisTvis araa damaxasiaTebeli, magram es veraferi Svebaa. legendebs inteleqtual qurdebze, magar momparav tipebze Tu ubralod kai biWebze qarTul-sabWour miTopoetur samyaroSi sapatio adgili ekava. kriminaluri romantizmi aRiqmeboda siyalbiT savse sabWouri realobis alternativad da cota vinme Tu fiqrobda, rom es alternativa ki ar iyo, aramed am realobis nawili. magram jaba ioselianma da mxedrionma SeZlo is, rasac veranairi propaganda ver SeZlebda. kriminaluri romantizmi rekordulad mokle droSi diskreditirda. Tanamedrove daTa TuTaSxiebs da arsena oZelaSvilebs literaturuli arqetipebis keTilSobilebisa araferi ecxoT, qurdebze xom saerTod aRarc Rirs sityvis daZvra. Zalmomreobis da usamarTlobis Semxedvare qarTuli sazogadoeba SeuZlebelia, darCeniliyo Zveli iluziebis tyveobaSi. kriminaluri romantizmi moralurad swored im periodSi mokvda. dRes saakaSvili tyuilad warmoadgens qurduli samyaros ganadgurebas did heroikul qmedebad _ es mxolod teqnikuri sakiTxi iyo, Tan sazogadoebis mier mxardaWerili. qurduli magiisgan ganxibvla gacilebiT adre moxda.
saxadi 3. inteligenturi SevardnaZis mmarTvelobis dros dasrulda kidev erTi didi iluzia _ miTi qarTul inteligenciaze. am socialurma fenam, romelic sabWoTa periodSi qveynis udides moralur da inteleqtualur avtoritets warmoadgenda, 90-ian wlebSi faqtobrivad Sewyvita arseboba. es cxadia, ar niSnavs, rom karg xelovans Tu mecniers aravin afasebdes misi profesiuli saqmianobis gamo, magram inteligenciam dakarga politikuri avtoriteti, eris liderisa da winamZRolis misia. Tuki adre qveynis mowyobis sakiTxebze mwerals pirdapir moeTxoveboda politikuri lideroba da, Tuki Tavs aridebdnen am saqmes, yvela mitingze ismoda, _ sad arian qarTveli mwerlebio, _ es socialuri roli inteligenciam dakarga, sxva socialuri roli ki arc hqonia. 90-iani wlebis bolosTvis inteligenciis gavlena sazogadoebriv da politikur procesebze praqtikulad nulamde davida, miuxedavad imisa, rom SevardnaZe mudmivad cdilobda nomenklaturuli inteligenciis aqtivizirebas. `rusTavi2~-is Jurnalistebi da arasamTavrobo seqtoris cnobili saxeebi gacilebiT qmediT zemoqmedebas axdendnen mimdinare procesebze, vidre prezidentTan daaxloebuli mecnierebi Tu poetebi. postsabWoTa periodis pirvel wlebSi aseTi ram ubralod warmoudgeneli iyo. isic unda vTqva, rom inteligenciis, rogorc gavleniani socialuri fenomenis mniSvneloba bolo dros ukiduresadaa gazviadebuli rogorc xelisuflebis, ise opoziciis erTi nawilis mier. amis naTeli magaliTi iyo saakaSvilis reklamirebuli vizitebi guram doCanaSvilTan da muxran maWavarianTan, aseve Zveli inteligenciis warmomadgenelTa xSiri stumrobebi maes-
tros sakanSi. sinamdvileSi aranairi politikuri sargebeli inteligenciis socialuri rolis reanimirebis mcdelobas ar moaqvs. amas adasturebs yvela sociologiuri kvleva, rac ki saqarTveloSi Catarebula. politikosebs xSirad akritikeben, magram aravis aRar mosdis TavSi, mouwodos maT, _ romelime xelovans an mecniers daujereTo. da es sworia, radgan iyo kulturuli adamiani, kargi reJisori an fizikosi, sulac ar niSnavs eris liderobas. miTi inteligenciis winamZRolobaze warsuls Cabarda, inteligenciam ver SeZlo im molodinebis gamarTleba, rasac sazogadoeba maTze amyarebda. patiosani inteligentebi Cumad iyvnen, am fenis nomenklaturulma warmomadgenlebma ki imdenjer warmoaCines Tavi retrogradebad da xelisuflebis uprincipo mxardamWerebad, rom im socialuri kapitalis narCenebic gaflanges, rac SemorCenili hqondaT. saxadi 4. nomenklaturuli oriod sityviT kidev erT, SedarebiT msubuq saxadze. Tuki eTnocentruli nacionalizmi, kriminaluri romantizmi da inteligenciis politikuri avtoriteti TiTqmis mTlianad iyo gapirobebuli adreul epoqebSi Camoyalibebuli saazrovno stereotipebiT da Tavisi istoriuli fesvebi hqonda, miTi komunisturi nomenklaturis profesionalizmis Sesaxeb praqtikulad gamsaxurdias mmarTvelobis xanaSi iSva. es iyo erTgvari ukureaqcia karvis qalebis, medole prefeqtebis da sxva arakompetenturi kadrebis aRzevebaze. maT fonze Zveli sabWoTa nomenklatura marTlac zesolidurad gamoiyureboda, gamsaxurdias xanmokle zeoba sakmarisi aRmoCnda imisTvis, raTa 9 aprilis tragediis Semdeg braleulobis kompleqsiT damZimebuli nomenklatura, mTlianad gaTavisuflebuliyo yovelgvari moraluri pasuxismgeblobisgan. Seuwynareblobis isteriuli atmosfero, arakvalificiuri kadrebi, xelisuflebis oponentebis moRalateebad, mtrebad da kremlis agentebad Seracxva _ droze ufro kargi mkurnali aRmoCnda. nomenklaturis sazogadoebrivi reabilitacia imdenad swrafad moxda, rom 1995 wlis saprezidento arCevnebis dros eduard SevardnaZis mTavari konkurenti jumber patiaSvili gaxda.
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saubrebi liberalizmze sazogadoeba
arada, rodesac zviad gamsaxurdia pirveli mravalpartiuli arCevnebis Sedegad movida xelisuflebis saTaveSi, cekas ori mdivnis samomavlo konkurencias damoukidebeli saqarTvelos prezidentis postze yvelaze gamousworebeli fantazioric ver warmoidgenda. miuxedavad imisa, rom gamsaxurdias damxoba Tavis droze nomenklaturul revanSad moinaTla, swored SevardnaZis mmarTvelobam daamsxvria komunisturi nomenklaturis profesionalizmis axladfexadgmuli miTi. rogorc ki marTvis sadaveebi kvlav am xalxis xelSi aRmoCnda, maSinve cxadi gaxda, rom nomenklatura ufro korufciuli urTierTobebis awyobasa da wilSi CajdomaSi iyo daxelovnebuli, vidre saxelmwifo struqturebis marTvaSi. erTi SexedviT, es didi araferi saxadia, magram gansxvavebiT, vTqvaT, baltiispireTis nomenklaturisgan, qarTuli biurokratia gacilebiT korumpirebuli gaxldaT da Zalian Sors idga saxelmwifoebriobisgan. es praqtikamac daadastura da imdenad damajereblad daadastura, rom saqarTvelo erTaderTi qveyana aRmoCnda mTeli postkomunisturi sivrcis masStabiT, sadac nomenklaturis warmomadgenlebma ver SeZles daekavebinaT wamyvani poziciebi politikur speqtrSi. ukukavSiri SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mixeil saakaSvils, Tuki igi seriozulad moiwadinebda evropuli tipis demokratiuli saxelmwifos aSenebas, saamisod TiTqmis idealuri pirobebi daxvda. diskreditirebuli eTnocentrizmi, diskreditirebuli qurdebi, diskreditirebuli nomenklatura da gavlenadakarguli inteligencia _ aseT winapirobebs nebismieri demokrati xelisufali inatrebda nebismier postkomunistur qveyanaSi, xolo Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, ramxela mxardaWera hqonda saakaSvils im droisaTvis rogorc qveynis SigniT, ise gareT, ukeTesi sastarto pozicia marTlac Zneli warmosadgenia. Tumca, Zveli iluziebisgan gaTavisuflebis safasuri gacilebiT mZime aRmoCnda, vidre es erTi SexedviT Canda. vardebis revoluciis Sedegad xelisuflebaSi movida politikosebisa da sazogadoebrivi aqtivistebis is axalgazrda Taoba, romelic 90-ian wlebSi gamoizarda da saqarTveloSic
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da sazRvargareTac aRiqmeboda qveynis liberalur resursad. amasTan, es iyo Taoba, romelmac sakuTar Tavze gadaitana faseulobaTa gadafasebis mtkivneuli procesi. cxadia, am process ukvalod ar Cauvlia, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saakaSvili da misi gundi praqtikulad ganasaxiereben mTeli im mankieri efeqtebis akumulirebul erTobas, rac Tan axlda wina oTxi saxadis moxdas. eTnikuri nacionalizmis diskreditaciis mankieri efeqti iyo nihilisturi damokidebuleba qarTvelobis anu, faqtobrivad, qarTuli kulturis da istoriis mimarT. ramdenadac qarTuli identoba didwilad asocirdeboda eTnocentrizmTan, gamsaxurdias mmarTvelobam axalgazrda Taobis liberalur nawilSi gaaCina seriozuli konsernebi saerTod qarTuli identobis mimarT, romelic wminda wylis nihilizmSi gadaizarda, maTTvis qarTuli da negatiuri praqtikulad sinonimebad iqca. kriminaluri romantizmis diskreditaciam gamoiwvia im moralur RirebulebebSi eWvis Setana, romelic deformirebuli saxiT figurirebda e. w. qurdul gagebaSi, magram warmoadgenda da warmoadgens saerTod adamianuri urTierTobebis mravalsaukunovan normebs. magaliTad, erT-erTi Tanamedrove qarTveli liberali (romelic dRemde Tanamdebobis piria) sruliad seriozulad umtkicebda umcrosklaselebs, rom namdvili moqalaqe isaa, vinc korumpirebul mSobels policiaSi CauSvebs. aseTi ganwyoba garkveulwilad exmianeboda zemoaRniSnul identobis krizissac, radgan qarTul kulturaSi megobrul da naTesaur araformalur urTierTobebs sakmaod mniSvnelovani adgili eWira. nomenklaturis diskreditaciam ki Sva eijizmi, roca mTeli saSualo da ufrosi Taoba CaiTvala totalitaruli mentalitetisgan ganukurneblad. unda iTqvas, rom amgvari Sexedulebebis damkvidrebas ufrosi Taobis liberalebmac sakmaod Seuwyves xeli. isini zedmetad TviTkritikulebi iyvnen da mwvaved aRiqvamdnen sakuTar mibmulobas sabWoTa warsulTan. aqedan gamomdinare, mTeli fsoni axalgazrda Taobaze daido, romelic aSkarad ar aRmoCnda (da verc aRmoCndeboda) mzad aseTi tvirTisTvis. Zveli liberalebi mxolod maSin SeSfoTdnen, roca dainaxes, Tu rogor xorcieldeboda maTive Teoriebi praqtikaSi. tipuri SemTxve-
vaa (daaxloebiT igive mouvida herbert markuzes 1968 wlis parizis buntis Semdeg), Tumca _ arc didad sanugeSo. saxadi 5 da es yvelaferi erTad Seiwova im politikurma gundma, romelic formalurad demokratiaze da liberalur Rirebulebebze iyo orientirebuli. isini amas sulac ar aRiqvamdnen raRac naklad, aramed gulwrfelad miaCndaT liberaluri msoflmxedvelobis organul nawilad. amitomac moxda, rom xelisufleba, romelic Tavisuflad SeiZleba gamxdariyo demokratiuli qarTuli saxelmwifos damfuZnebeli, TviTon aRmoCnda kidev erTi saxadi. amgvari nihilisturi liberalizmis damkvidrebis mcdeloba, rac sxva araferi iyo Tu ara kulturuli revolucia, romelic gulisxmobda progresuli saxelisuflo gundis mier bneli da CamorCenili masis aRzrda-gadamzadebas, ubralod SeuZlebelia kraxiT ar damTavrebuliyo. es araa gasakviri da aq mmarTveli gundis arakompetenturoba mxolod erTi mizezia. mTavari sxvaa: kulturuli nihilizmi gamoricxavs pozitiur qmnadobas. nihilizmi mTlianad destruqciulia da rasac angrevs, imis sanacvlod verafers gvTavazobs. amis Taobaze SesaniSnavad Tqva 90-iani wlebis dasawyisis poeturi gaerTianebis, `reaqtiuli klubis wevrma, amJamad safrangeTSi mcxovrebma paata qurdaZem: `sakuTar warsulSi sakuTari Tavis identificirebis unarsmoklebuli Taoba verasodes ver SeZlebs axal epoqasTan identificirebas. is yovelTvis acdenili iqneba realobas: radgan warsuli iseTive droa, rogorc awmyo da momavali. misi gamocalkeveba da mtvrian Taroze Semodeba metafizikurad arRvevs samyaros romelSic cxovrob, da mas SeuZlebels xdis. es sityvebi Zalian kargad gamoxatavs imas, rac rigiT mexuTe saxadi gaxda qarTuli sazogadoebisTvis. amitomac iyo, rom rasac saakaSvilis gundi modernizaciad da radikalur reformebad asaRebda, realurad arasdros gascilebia ritorikis farglebs. is perspeqtivis gancda, rac axalgazrda Taobas am ritorikam da agresiuli eijizmis politikam gauCina, mxolod droebiTi efeqtis mqone aRmoCnda. arsebuli realoba imdenad dascilda propagandistul piar-realobas, rom
sazogadoeba saubrebi liberalizmze
sityvasa da saqmes Soris sxvaoba metad TvalSisacemi gaxda. mokled, kidev erTxel damtkicda, rom warsulis totaluri uaryofiT awmyoc ar gwyalobs da momavalic ara gaqvs. cxadia, es ar exeba qarTuli sazogadoebis umravlesobas, anu mis konservatiul nawils, romlisTvisac qarTveli xunveibinebis antikulturuli suliskveTeba imTaviTve miuRebeli iyo, magram maTTvis, visac saqarTvelos momavali evropuli tipis demokratiad warmoudgenia, saakaSvilis xelisufleba Zalian kargi gakveTilia. meeqvse saxadi. problema da perspeqtiva damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg saqarTveloSi arsebulma yvela xelisuflebam moaxdina im mTavari miTis, mTavari iluziis diskreditireba, rac mis ideur saZirkvels warmoadgenda. gamsaxurdiam _ eTnocentruli nacionalizmis; jaba ioselianma _ kriminaluri romantizmis; eduard SevardnaZem _ inteligenciisa da nomenklaturis politikuri avtoritetis; mixeil saakaSvilma _ liberalizmis nihilisturi gagebisa da kulturuli revoluciis. magram ramdenadac saakaSvilis gundis nihilizmi ufro winare stereotipebis msxvrevis Sedegi iyo, kulturuli revoluciis Cavardnam, SesaZloa, kontrrevoluciis talRa gamoiwvios da amis niSnebi ukve aSkarad aris. marTali giTxraT, naklebad warmomidgenia elitur doneze Zveli kerpebis aRorZineba, magram, rogorc Cans, erTi saxadi kidev win gvaqvs. es saxadi, Cemi azriT, iqneba (arsebiTad ukve aris kidec) religiuri nacionalizmi, romelic sxvadasxva doziT eTnocentrizmsac moicavs, kriminalur romantizmsac da inteligenciis socialur rolsac. qarTuli religiuri nacionalizmi aseve 90-iani wlebis pirmSoa. marTalia, sabWoTa periodis istoriuli narativi qristianobas warmogvidgenda rogorc qarTvelobis, anu erovnuli identobis atributs, magram jer erTi, es exeboda mxolod feodalur epoqas, Tanac igulisxmeboda zogadad qristianoba da ara gamorCeulad marTlmadidebluri aRmsarebloba. sadReisod ki sruliad sxva viTarebaa. marTlmadidebloba sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis doneliberali . ianvari - Tebervali 2010 . 17
ze ukve miiCneva erovnuli identobis erT-erT ganmsazRvrel faqtorad. es didwiladaa gapirobebuli tradiciuli (eTnocentruli) identobis diskreditaciiTac. eTnocentrizmis Canacvleba martivad moxda identobis sxva, nacnobi atributiT, xolo kulturuli revoluciis agresiulma da marcxianma mcdelobam kidev ufro gaaZliera religiis faqtori identobis aRqmaSi. saakaSvilis xelisuflebam ganvlili wlebis manZilze mTeli saxelisuflo resursi miaxarja sazogadoebriv avtoritetebTan brZolas da maTi Carecxvis mcdelobas. kulturuli revoluciis Semoqmedni, etyoba, seriozulad fiqrobdnen, rom Tuki yvela tipis sazogadoebriv avtoritets mospobdnen, maT adgils avtomaturad TviTon daikavebdnen. revoluciuri Zalisxmeva mimarTuli iyo ara marto tradiciuli da ukve faqtobrivad warsulSi darCenili avtoritetebis (inteligencia), aramed SevardnaZis dros Casaxuli da jer kidev susti institutebis _ politikuri partiebis, arasamTavrobo seqtorisa da damoukidebeli mediis winaaRmdegac. am Zalisxmevis Sedegi ki is iyo, rom xelisuflebis avtoritetic daeca da ukiduresad gaZlierda eklesia, erTaderTi institucia, romelsac saakaSvilis gundma veraferi daaklo da dRes eklesiis moraluri avtoriteti ise maRalia, rogorc arasdros. bunebrivia, movlenaTa amdagvarma ganviTarebam Zalian Seuwyo xeli religiuri nacionalizmis aRmavlobas. da es iqneba kidev erTi Znelad da mtkivneulad mosaSorebeli saxadi, Tumca, avadmyofobis simZimec da gamojanmrTelebis stadiac didadaa damokidebuli imaze, Tu rogor warimarTeba politikuri procesebi saqarTveloSi. epilogi kargad unda gaviazroT erTi momenti: dRes saakaSvilis mmarTveloba saqarTveloSi aris wminda anaqronizmi. amJamindeli prezidenti iseTive politikuri bankrotia, rogorc SevardnaZe iyo 2003 wlisTvis. aranairi ideuri da moraluri safuZveli am xelisuflebis zeobas saqarTveloSi dRes ar aqvs. mxolod represiuli aparatis xarjze ki Zalauflebis TviTmiznuri SenarCuneba didxans ver moxerxdeba. aris mxolod ori varianti: an prezidenti etapobrivad, demokratiuli
procedurebis met-naklebi dacviT daTmobs marTvis berketebs da am SemTxvevaSi rCeba realuri albaToba prodasavluri da liberaluri xelisuflebis mosvlisa qveynis saTaveSi, an xelisufleba mainc Seicvleba, oRond ruseTze orientirebuli nacionalisturi ZalebiT, romelTa mTavari ideuri bazisi iqneba swored religiuri nacionalizmi. pirvel SemTxvevaSi, qveynis demokratizacia, saxelmwifo da sazogadoebrivi instituciebis avtoritetis gazrda, eklesiisa da saxelmwifos Soris urTierTobis daregulireba sekularobis principiT, arsebiTad Seamcirebs im riskebs, rac religiur nacionalizms axlavs Tan. meore SemTxvevaSi ki, Cven yvela vixilavT, Tu ras niSnavs praqtikulad ganxorcielebuli religiuri nacionalizmi. garwmunebT, es iqneba aranakleb mZime koSmari, vidre eTnocentruli nacionalizmis gamovlinebebi iyo, SeiZleba ufro mZimec. im viTarebaSi, roca urTulesi socialur-ekonomikuri da politikuri problemebis fonze prezidenti mestiis siRnaRizaciisa da mtkvarze SuSis xidis gadebiTaa dakavebuli, misi garemocva ki mxolod imaze fiqrobs, rogor SeinarCunos marTvis sadaveebi, xelisuflebis keTili nebis imedad Cemi mteri iyos. aq yvelaferi damokidebulia, erTi mxriv, saerTaSoriso koniunqturaze (romelsac saakaSvilis mmarTveloba aSkarad ver ergeba) da, rac mTavaria, qarTuli sazogadoebis Zalisxmevaze. ar minda, Zalian pesimisturi prognozi gavakeTo da amitom optimisturad davasruleb; ase iqneba Tu ise, msubuqi Tu mZime formiT, religiuri nacionalizmis saxadi Cven mainc ar agvcdeba. saxadi ki imis saxadia, rom qveyana mas moixdis da kidev erTxel, ukve sabolood gamojanmrTeldeba. damoukideblobis mopovebidan dRemde, istoriisTvis Zalian mokle periodSi xuTi sxvadasxva tipis seni daZlia qarTulma organizmma. darwmunebuli var, meeqvsesac daZlevs. da es iqneba albaT erT-erTi useriozulesi nabiji demokratiuli saxelmwifos mSeneblobis gzaze. swored am optimistur notaze minda davasrulo. CaTvaleT, rom maradiul kiTxvas _ `rodis gveSveleba? _ CemdaTavad Zalian konkretuli pasuxi gaveci.
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sazogadoeba
recenzia
ugmiro Taoba
rusTavelis Teatris eqsperimentul scenaze kinoreJisor gio mgelaZis Teatraluri debiuti Sedga. `gaiRimeT, Citi gamofrindeba~ dakarguli Taobis suraTis daxatvas cdilobs.
zaza rusaZe
scena speqtaklidan `gaiRimeT, Citi gamofrindeba~, ianvari 2010
kulisebidan usiamovno SiSinis xma ismis. rusTavelis Teatris eqsperimentuli scena idumali boliT ivseba. bolis mzardi Rrubeli vizualurad lamaz sanaxaobas qmnis da am patara Teatraluri darbazis ganuyofeli nawili xdeba. mayurebels ki CaxuTulobis grZnoba eufleba, roca Teatris scenaze 9 msaxiobi Cndeba da fiqrebis burusSi iwyebs gzaabneuli aqeT-iqiT xetials. eqsperimentuli scenidan moulodnelad gineba ismis: qarTvelebo, Tqveni maradior dedebs ****~. swored am replikiT iwyeba kinoreJisor gio mgelaZis Teatraluri debiuti `gaiRimeT, Citi gamofrindeba~. piesis avtori Tavad reJisoria da am dadgmis ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba mas rusTavelis Teatris mier gamocxadebul konkursSi gamarjvebis Semdeg mieca. gineba wodebiT brunvaSi, garkveuli testia mayureblisTvis. man Tavad unda gadawyvitos speqtaklis msvlelobisas, Tu vis da ratom aginebs sce56
nidan mgelaZis mxatvruli personaJi lova (daTo gociriZe). Tumca, vinc es gineba gauazreblad da pirdapir Seuracxyofad miiRo, albaT, arc piesis Sinaarsze da arc sityva maradioris~ semantikis Sesaxeb dafiqrebula. marodiori~ omianobis dros jarisgan nebayoflobiT Camocilebuli jariskacis aRmniSvneli sityvaa, romelic saZarcvad, nadavlis saSovnad midis. speqtaklis Tematuri diapazoni farToa: Tavisufali seqsi, omiT gamdidrebuli biznesmenebi, qarTuli tradiciebi, narkomania, moCvenebiTi qvelmoqmedeba, ojaxuri struqturebis ngreva, TviTmkvleloba, qaliSviloba, aborti... da ganuwyveteli gankiTxva, romelic ise amouvida yelSi lovas, rom qarTvel maradiorebs~ kidev erTxel aginebs scenidan. scenis centrSi rkinis TeTri ginekologiuri skami, marcxniv ki didi falosuri boZi dgas, sadRac siRrmeSi ki lurji kedelia darRveuli perspeqtiviT. es polina rudCikis scenuri
mxatvrobaa. Teatraluri dekoracia da rudCikis kostiumebi zust SesatyvisobaSia piesis SinaarsTan. 9-kaciani samsaxiobo jgufic rTul davalebas SesaniSnavad arTmevs Tavs. igi eqsperimentuli scenis adekvaturia da ar kveTs im safrTxilo zRvars, sadac, Zveli da axali ki ara, ubralod cudi Teatri iwyeba. reJisorma speqtakli TiTqos msxvili xedis kinematografiuli principiT aago. TiToeulma msaxiobma ki TamaSisas sifrTxiliT daicva kadrirebis zomebi. mgelaZis personaJebi damajereblad metyveleben da zustad ise, rogorc _ darbazSi msxdomi publika. amdenad gineba scenidan, yoveldRiur sasaubro leqsikasTan erTad, mxolod epataJuri xerxi ar aris, aramed Sinaarsis nawilia. mayureblisaTvis arc piesis narativi unda iyos ucxo. scenur mxatvrul saxeebSi mas sakuTari Tavis amocnobis saSualeba eZleva: prakazas (zuka papuaSvili) da misi mamis (daTo papuaSvili) cxovrebaSi narkotikebs da xeTur alfabets moCvenebiT harmoniaSi SeuZliaT Tanaarseboba. rezi (irakli sanaia) SesaSuri mWermetyvelebiT svams im ginekelogis sadRegrZelos, vinc gelas dedas aborti gaukeTa da ver SeamCnia, rom qalbatoni tyupebze iyo fexmZimed. gela (goga barbaqaZe) axla Tavad ginekologia da uniWo leqsebsac wers. zura (zaza baraTaSvili) TiTqos rezis personaJTan paeqrobaSi afxazeTis omSi daRupuli gmirebisa da qarTuli mesianizmis Temebs imgvari damajereblobiT anacvlebs erTmaneTs sadRegrZeloSi, rom scenaze gaTamaSebuli absurdi distanciidan ufro realuri xdeba, vidre yoveldRiurobaSi xSirad mosmeneli imave Sinaarsis sityvebi. SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom megobrebi lovas, xumrobiT, gmirs eZaxian. gmirad gaxdomis Sansi ki swored mas aqvs, imdenad Semzaravia misTvis es CaxlarTuli sinamdvile. Tumca lova gmiri ver xdeba da kidev erTxel mxolod ginebiT Tu moioxebs guls. `gaiRimeT, Citi gamofrindeba~ dakarguli da ugmiro Taobis suraTis daxatvas cdilobs. piesis 9 gmiris msgavsad, Taobac xom bolis metaforul nislSi sasowarkveTili bolTas scems da gadarCenis gzebis Zieba jer arc ki dauwyia.
foto ana niJaraZe
radio nacnobi gepatiJebaT klubSi nacnobi

tradiciuli qarTuli samzareulo cocxali musika
misamarTi: abanos q. N 3

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qarTuli `desanti~ ukrainaSi gv. 20 muxrovanis amboxi politikis gareSe gv. 24 daniSnuli arCeuli Tavmjdomare gv.

fasi 2.80 lari

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