12th Physics Tamil Medium GUIDE

Physics
Physics M. Palanichamy
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (01 / 56)
Unit
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 Mark
4
1
2
4
4
4
2
4
3
2
3 Mark
2
3
1
2
2
2
1
2
4
1
5 Mark
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
PRACTICAL MARK
\k + UP
\ + _h (3+3)
Amhn + AkP
PnURkP
i + AS
Tku
10 Mark
1
--1
1
1
1
--1
1
1
Total
25
20
20
25
25
25
15
25
30
20
4
6
10
8
2
30
Physics M.PALANICHAMY,M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil.,P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, (CELL:94421-36775)
Physics
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (02 / 56)
1. {
K mh[P J mk. mh[P J P &
\u:
mk C
u[Phm
k mhmh Psniz
usk
J
Qhzuzv
AQx.
ux
Au
UPQ
mh
Psniz
usk
Psk
mh,
C
P
J
mkuU
Pn.
Cu v mhmh Gm ushx, u[Phmh Psniz usi
UPQ Psk mh, C uskP J PQ.
Ca\u K mh[P J mk, mh[P
J P G u Qx.
mh PUQh u P mk sP P:
{ sn uzu, xP a_, PU TskP US \
\Pzu, u v Gv Aa_ P |P Gv
kPU Psk.
PhzvP PP:
mhzu u \ AvUS P PhzvP Gk.
GkzxUPmkP:
EP[P, u Eh, .
mh[P u \ AvUPu P Phzu P
(PP) Gk.
Psni, UP, Gm, iU .
GkzxUPmkP:
mh[P Aih sP:
(i) mh[P SshUP:
SshUP:
CP Gu J A mh, J mhzv ] v Gs
h[SPP AQx.
mhzv A, e- Gs h[S Psh uzu vP Hu J
mk Qx. G mh q = ne.
(ii) mh[P A v:
v:
mh[P BUP AUP ix.
mh A vi, uzu A J zu mh Gx
S.
GkzxUPmk: B xP mk uP Qx.
]uUS zu mh = + 92e,
]uUS zu mh = 90e + 2e.
(iii) mh[P Tmh s:
s: (Sep07)
J A zu mhx, A E Azx mh[P S
Tmkz uPUSa \.
GkzxUPmk: +2q, -5q mh[P Psh C P \zx UPkx,
A zu mh -3q BS.
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (03 / 56)

Physics
T v:
v: (Mar 2006), (July07)
C mh[PUS Ch Pa] \ Ax mk \x,
mh[P USz uUS |zuP,
AS Ch E u CiUS GvzuP A.
mh[P CnUS Pmi \ v\ A.
{ T vU T. Au Uh i:
i:
q q )
F12 = k 1 2 2 r21
r21
kv J kv G G? A G uhkzumk?
FhPzv C mh[PUQh \ A i \ C kv
() Gk.
hzv C kv = 0
FhPzv J kv = r
= 0 r
mhzv AS
. (T v Aih T
) (Mar06)
mhzv AS T.
P Ax hzv, J mh Ch, UPmk, Jzu
mh[PUQ h mk \ 9 109 N G Amh v J T.
xu uzuzuU TP.
J mhzv u zu \ Gx mh[P Amhzv x
uUS \P Uh TkuS.
J
. Au APU T.
J , a \ AhkQx. zv E J
UPmk KS | mh En \, A a \
GUPkQx.
Cx J Uh AS. a \ AS N C1.
mhzu : (P P.))
P O G UPmk q G mhzuU Px.
mh q x r u, P , \u mh qO UPmkx.
T vi,
q1 q 2
r212
q& qO u \,
F12 = k
E=
E& v\, O, P P CnUS Pmi , | mhP Cu

|UQ, Gv mhP Cu E |UQ A.
1 q )
zv Uh Sk
E=
r21
4 0 r 2
F q1 q 2
= 2
q0
r
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (04 / 56)

Physics
\
\U PkP: (G G?
G? AS x?)
x?) (June08)
zv KS |mh J, |P ]US | Ax P
u \UPk Gk. Cu AS Nm2 C-1
(UP h G UPkP G Pzx APkzumhx.)
\
\UPkP sP: (Mar07), (Sep07), (Mar08)
\UPk | mhzv uh[Q Gv mhzv ihQx.
\UPkP Jx J mia \x.
J zv v\, A E \UPmkUS k
ukPmi SUPk.
1
J KS |mh,
A \U PkP hzv EUS.
0
\UPkPUS |USzu v\, KS \u \
\UPkP GsoUP a \ E&US |zuP CUS. E& v
AvP Ch[P PkP |UPP, E& v S Ch[P PkP
Chmk CUS.
C : (
)
C \, Gvv, Pa ] Ch UPmk mh[P J
CS.
GkzxUPmkP: }, A, P&h&BU\k S UTP
Cz vzv:
C vzv Gsvx Hu J mhzv Gsv
mh[PUQh u UPU QhuS.
S:
S
C vz v P = 2qd.
Cu v\ -qx +q |UQ A.
Cx J Uh AS.
Cu AS C m BS.
C Aa_UPmi E J (M 06),(J 06), (M 09)

AB Gx, -q +q G C mh[P 2d G ] u zx
UPmk J C BS.
C Ox, Aa_UPmi, r u Ax P BS.
B& E +q mhzv P&

1
q
E1 =
(BP )
4 0 (r d )2
A& E q P&
1
q
E2 =
4 0 (r + d )2
(PA )
Physics
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (05 / 56)
E1 E2 Gvvz v\ \kQ. G, uS (E)

Gsv Psh Uh v\ \kQx.
P uS
E = E1 + ( - E2)
C vz v
p = q x 2d
E=
2p
4 0 r 3
1
(BP )
E&x C vzv v\ \kQx.
C |kU Pmi E J :
(Mar 06), (Mar07)
AB G C JU Px.
2d Gx C Chzu, p Gx C vz v GP.
C O&x r u |kU Pmi Ax P GP.
+q mhzv P& ,
E1 =
1
4 0
q
r +d2
(BP )
q
r +d2
(PA )
-q mhzu P ,
E2 =
1
4 0
C P uS
E = E1 cos + E2 cos
(PR v\)
E = 2 E1cos
p = q x 2d
vPvh
E=
p
4 0 r 3
E& v\ C Aa_US CnP PR & P, C v

v v\US Gvz v\ AQx.
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (06 / 56)

Physics
zv E C zu B:
zv E C zu B Gx zv C
u {US _uS BS.
U = pE cos
U
U A \P: (June08)
Cx, PU SQ Pzv En \UP kQx.
P \kx, U AP uUPkQ.
C ^ A zu EUSQ.
En } UTP, CPP Au, A v \US
EUPmk J ] } UTP nP UPkQ.
Cu B EQ, En \UPkQx
zu : (Mar07),,
zv E J zu Gx
KS | mhzu iz ux \US GvP, AUS
Psk a \k BS.
zu k :
.
:
zv C PUQh E zu k Gx
J x US mk \US GvP KS | mhzu
|Pzua \k BS.
zu mi AS (m)) :
zu mi AS m BS.
J x US J T | mhzu \UPvP
Gkzxa \a \k J G APU Qh E zu
k J m BS.
J mhzu J Hk zu: (Mar- 09)
P O UPmk uzu mh +q GP.
+q&x r u E P GP.
O-x x x + dx u E P A BU Px.
A B PUQh E zu k,
dV = -E.dx
KS | mhzu Enk \,
1 q
E=
4 0 x 2
\k , \US Gvx Gu GvUS SUQx.
+ q mhzv P& zu Gx, KS | mhzu iz
ux, AUSU Psk a \k zu S.
r
q
dx
4 0 r 2
V = -
V =
q
4 0 r
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (07 / 56)

Physics
C J zu:(
zu:(\ku) (Oct06), (Mar08), (June08)
2d G ] u UPmh, -q +q G C mh[P CBS.
P Gx C O G x r
u E .
C, zu CnUS
Phx (PO) C Aa_h (OB) Hkzx
Pn GP.
r1 r2 G +q
- qx P uP GP.
q mhzv P zu
V1 =
q
4 0 r1
-q mhzu P zu
V2 =
1 q
4 0 r2
C P zu
V = V1 + V2
V=
q 1 1
(1)
4 0 r1 r2
P\ v kzuv wUP
1 d
= 1 + cos ( 2)
r1
r
Cu,
1 d
= 1 cos (3)
r2
r
p = q x 2d
\k (1) I wUP
V =
p cos
4 0 r 2
] |P :
1. P x C Aa_UPmi +qUS AQ Au, = 00
p
V =
4 0 r 2
2. Px C Aa_UPmi qUS AQ Au = 180o,
p
V =4 0 r 2
3. Px C |kU Pmi Au, = 90o,
L
V=0
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (08 / 55)

Physics
C mh[P zu B: ()
C mh[P zu B Gx A mh[P J[Pa
\mh
(Ax) J mhzu AUS Psk \mh
(Ax) J mhzu iz ux AUS Psk
\mh Gk.
\ zu
J h Azx P, \ zuzv E G, A \
zu Gk.
\ zu sP:
uzu mhzvx \ u E Azx P \
zuzv CUS.
\ zu P mhzu PU Psh uha]
P[PS.
\ zu x Gu C PUQh, J mhzu GP
|Pzv \mh _S.
U PkP \ zu USa \[SzuP CUS.
^ zv, \ zu P Cn u[PP, A P
\U PkPUSa \[SzuP E.
: (June08)
Gx PkUPmh \ \U PkP zu
GsoUP BS G UPkQx.
J P AS. Cu AS Nm2 C-1
P v: (June 06), (Oct06), (Mar09)
Gu i \k zv zu v, A E
zu mhzv
h[SUSa \.

P v kP ?
(i) | i } Psh mh P Hk
(ii) mh i, \u Hk
(iii) C Cn mhmh uPkP Hk
(iv) ^ mh P iU Tmi Hk
BQUPnUQhkQx.
Physics
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (09 / 56)
(i)
| i } Psh mh P Hk :
i } Psh, P J mh }
Ahzv .
Px r u E P
E GP.
l }, r B Eh J E, P
S.
P x ds G Pa] U
Px.
E
E Azx
P \P, BUPmi
|UQ AQx.

J v\.

= 00
cos = 1

. .

.
= E (2rl )

= 0
P zu ,
= E. ( 2 r l)
P E zu mh
q=l
P vi,
l
E ( 2 rl ) =
Ax
E =
2 0 r
E& v\x, |mh G, Bzv |UQ AQx.

Gv mh G Bzv E|UQ AQx.
mh i, \u Hk
i \u mh Ahzv .
x r u E P E GP.
mh US SzuP, 2r }, A SUS
mk Psh E i P U
Px.
E C SvP, SU SzuP,
\a^ [P \kQ.
Physics M.PALANICHAMY, M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS,
(CELL:94421-36775)
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (10 / 56)

hmh zu

.
.
0
= 0 cos = 1
Physics
=EA+EA=2EA
\u KS E mh G, P E zu
|mh,
q = A
P v kzu,
2E A =
E =
A
0
2 0
C Cn mhmh uPkP Hk :
:
C Cn, \u i,i Psh, uPkP,\ B
mh AhzvP + - x.
mh J uPkUS C zv
A
E =
2 0
C uPmiS SzuP, |US
mh |UQ-,
GvUS mh E|UQ \k.
(i) P1 G C uPmiS |k Au,
C uPkP [P \P, J
v\ A.
P1& uS ,
E = E1 + E2
E =
E =
+
2 0
2 0
( |UQ)
(ii) zu P2 G ,
[P A \P, v\ GvvP CUS.
P2& uS
E = E1 E2
E =
2 0
2 0
E=0
(CELL:94421-36775)
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (11 / 56)

^ mh P iU Tmi Hk :
Physics
P (i) P iU TmiS E
B R Eh, mh P iU Tk
JU Px.
Au O&x r u P iU
TmiS E P GP.
r B Psh P i P
.
US, E&x SzuPa \kQx.
P Pzv , USU SzuP
|UQ \k

.

4
(H E ds&US Ch Pn = 0)
P v i,
q
E ( 4 r 2 ) =
E =
4 0
q
r2
CxP iU Tmi zu mh Avu Hkzx

zvSa \S.
P (ii) x E J :
mh PiU Tmi E P
1
E =
4 0
q
R2
(Q R = r )
P (iii) P iU Tmi Emzv E J :

:
P iU Tmi zvx r' u,
Pzv Ax P GP.
P , \k zu
= E . ds
S
= E x 4 r2
P Gu mh C.
q
P vi,
E x 4 r 2 = = 0

0
E=0
(CELL:94421-36775)
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (12 / 56)

Physics
{ uk: G G?
G? (Mar08)
zvx, J Sv ukzx {P {
ukBS.
Cx, Phzv EmSv _S Gu Aih AQx.
Ci, x J
zvi {u h J P E Cx xPx. H?
(Mar06) , (June 06)
Cih Ti x, vu Ax zvi AuU
Pmi, v Cx P xPuS.
v EP , v _S.
x, { ukPa \kQx.
x v UP |hQx.
{ ysh G G?
.J mhzv uku C mhzu ysk {P {
ysh GUP k Qx.
CP mh[P yshmh mh[PS.
Cx i Q { Gv[P, uUQ P kQx.
{ ysh , EPU P J iiP k B:
{ ysh , EPU P J iiP ku h
PmkQx.
(a) mh EPU Px Phzu
u[Q x UPmk Ex
(b) Gv mh iU usk J
Pzv AQ Psk x, mk \
PnP, Pmk GUmP Qa \
Gv u[SQ.
G, AP E GUm S
Hmk, |mhhQx.
EPzv E Pmk GUm u zu
\ _S x Cmh Q {Pa]
{zukQx.
(c) EPU P un h, Gv
mh u AhQx.
AP E E |mh, D \P PnP A[P {
kQx.
(d) EPU Px ux APmh S AP E
|mh uhx {zvUQx.
(e) iU usk }UPmhh, Azx | mh[P Pzv x J ^P
Q.
(CELL:94421-36775)
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (13 / 56)

Physics
uUQ G G? Au uUSzv
. (Mar09)
uUQ Gx mh[P \US \uS.
J Phzv uUSv Gx, AUPhzvUS AUPk mhzvS, Phzv
ES zuzvS Ch E uP BS.
uUSz v \ ASP F pF BS.
uUQ uzx:
Pk Phzv J q A | mhzu, V zuzu
x.
q
A uUS v, C =
V
P B G EPz umk A AP Psk kx, A US
AP E B& UPzv Gv mh yshkQx.
AuS \ A | mh B& UPzv yshkQx. B Gv hh A
zuzuU SUS.
B | mh, A
zuzu AvPUS.
B | mhzu h Gv
mh
AUS
AQ
Cu
A
zu
Sx kQx. Cu A
uUS v AvPUQx.
umk
B
h
CnUSx,
Av
|mh |k{UPkQx. Cu A zu SQx.
A uUS v Sk AUS AvPUQx.
uUSz v PhzvP izu, FhPzv C, zux. uUQ
Gx mh[P \US \uS.
Cnzumk uUQ uUSz v:
v:
Cnzumk uUQ X, Y G C
EPz umkP A.
Ch d JUP CnP
UPmk.
Au mh hzv GP.
umk X&US +q A |mh
ukQx.
Cu -q A Gv mh umk YUSzv yshkQx.
P v mii, C umkPUQh ,
!

(CELL:94421-36775)
Physics
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (14 / 56)
X Y umkPUS Ch, zu k

" # $
.
%
"
Cnzumk uUQ uUSz v,
!

C=
C=
q
V
0 A
d
uUSz vx umkP US (A) |zuP, ChzuS (d) Gvz

uP AQx.
PP:
Azx GUmP AqUPh CP nUPmk AqUP

P PP GUPkQ.
GkzxUPmkP: Gm, UP, Gsn.
UT:
| mh[P D Gv mh[P D JP v
AQ UT UT Gk.
GkzxUPmkP : O2, N2, H2.
(S:
S UTP { C vzv v.))
ys hmh CP:
UTP , P zv zu, A
mh[P UPkQ.
ux AUTP UP Ahx G, A ys hmh
CP G AUPkQ .
UT P: (Mar07)
| m h[P D , Gv mh[P D zvx

UPmk UT UT Gk.
GkzxUPmkP : N2O, H2O, HCl, NH3.
(CUTP { C vz v .)
UP: (Oct06)
\kzuk x, { Ax yshmh CP
C
vzvP, zv
v\
J[PUPkQ {P
UP GUPkQx.
US v:
yshmh C vzv p& vx zvS |z uP

AQx.
Aux
&'
L
p=E
Cv Gx UTP US v GUPk.
(CELL:94421-36775)
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (15 / 56)

Physics
Cnzumk uUQ, umkPUQh P E x uUSzv:
J Cnzumk uUQ X, Y G C uPkP A u d.
X&US | mh AUPku, Au mh hzv BS,
Y&Bx n x.
umkPUQh, t ui, r J
kv Psh P J,
Szumkx.
P ui = t.
P Ch ui (d - t).
umkPUS Chmh P E J
E =
P E J
E =
r 0
umkPUQh zu zu hx,
V = E (d t ) + E t
q = A
C=
C=
q
V
0 A
(d t ) +
P :
P {mk uUQ uUSzv,
A
C= 0
d
P {mk uUQ uUSzv
A
C
C = 0 r
= r
d
C
P FhPzvS r > 1 Gu, P UPkx,

uUSzv AvPUS.
uUQ kP : (Sep07), (Mar09)
u[Q Gv[P, G Gmk AP, w Hkuz
uUP kzukQx.
v [QP zu H CUPzuU SuS, v Ami Au
v AvPUPa \ uUQP kQ.
uUQP, Pu APz uUP, i _P Jzv\ \
kQ.
(CELL:94421-36775)
Physics
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (16 / 56)
(1) uhn uUQP: (July07), (Sep07)

C1, C2, C3 G uUSzvP Psh
uUQP uhn CnUPmk.
uhn
uS
US
\kzuk zu k V GP.
J uUQ \ mh A q
Pskx.
C1, C2, C3 &UQh E zu kP
V1, V2, V3 GP.
BP,
V = V1 + V2 + V3
q
q
q
V1 =
V2 =
V3 =
C1
C2
C3
V=
q
q
q
+
+
C1 C2 C3
V=
q
CS
1
1
1
1
=
+
+
Cs C1 C 2 C3
uUQP uhn CnUPkx uS uUSzv uR

v, uzu uUQP uUSz vP uR vP Tmkz uPUSa
\.
(ii) UP Cn uUQP: (July07), (Sep07)
C1, C2, C3 G uUSz vP Psh uUQP
UP Cn CnUPmk.
Cn, \kzuk zu k V GP.
J uUQ zu k \P CUS.
uUQP E mh[P
q1 = C1V,
q2 = C2 V,
q3 = C3V
q = C1V + C2V + C3V
B
q = CPV.
CPV = V (C1 + C2 + C3)
CP = C1 + C2 + C3
UP Cn uUSP uS uUSzv, uzu uUQP
uUSz vP Tmkz uPUSa \.
uUQ uUQ UPmk B:
uUQ, mhzuz uUQ UP, \h six.

Cu x, uUQ { zu BP \UPkQx.
uUQ zu V mh q .
umiSU TkuP umh mh dq G, \mh ,
dw = Vdq
(CELL:94421-36775)
Physics
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (17 / 56)
q
dq
0 C
Cu x, uUQ {zu { BP (U) \UPkQx.
dw =
1 q2
U=
2C
q = CV
G
1
CV 2
2
uUQx, UP \kx, Cu B v kQx.
T \
\k (Ax ) Jmh UP: (July07), (Oct08),
mh Phzv TPx mh P]Q {P TP
\k Ax Jmh UP GUPkQx.
Cuz uzx mhzua \PUS { Gv[P, PhzvP
kzukQx.
Phzv: (Ciu[Q)
P E Pmih[P x xPUP Eu K G \u Phzv
BS. Cx TP \k uzxzv \kQx.
Cx Pmihzv uUSa \ J }sh, uizu uz usiU Pskx.
usi R x, u AvP Bzv uUPmk uz umkh
CnUPmkx.
Au GsoUPUP TP Eh u F]P CnUPmk,
Pmihzv E Sv UPmkx.
&i&Q C (Oct08)
Cx 107 V A AvP { zu Ezv \ { Gv
BS.
uzx :
{ysh Ta \k.
A:
A:
J Eh EPU P A P ysP x zumkx.
Pzv zv B G P, yo AiSv C G P E.
mkz xo mh J PP \Qx.
P C mh J uhx CUPkQx.
PPUS AP TP Psh D E G ^ iU PhzvP
zumk.
^ D-US 104 V |zu [PkQx.
^ E&Bx Eh EPU Pzv Em CnUPmkx.
\k:
^ DUS AQ E E zv, Ta \mi PnP P
AUPkQx.
P E GvAP TP |UQ |PQ. |AP mh |UQ
mhkQ.
Physics M.PALANICHAMY, M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, (CELL:94421-36775)
U=
Physics
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (18 / 56)
Cu | AP mh JmiU Psk ^ E& |[SQx.

{ysh uzxzv P ^ E
Gvmh Qx. P
|mhzu Qx.
^ E& E AvP A P
AUQ mh E | mh[P
\\mk kQ. G mh
R[Sx mh {
AhQx.
C Gv uha]P,
|mhzu PzvS Qx. Cu
P Pzv zu J
v AhQ x.
C{{ P AUPzv
PnP mh[P P]z uh[SQ.
E Azuzv P {mh GLSU
Pzv Pzu kv , Pzv
mhU P]U SUP.
C k E zu AqUP k |
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1.2
1.3
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C mh[P, r = 6 Psh FhPzv, d u zx UPku ES {
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(b) 0.5 N
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1.8
1.9
1.10
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mh Ahzv Psh, C Gvv mh EPz uPkPUS E
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(b) Au
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Physics
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (19 / 56)
2. mh
mh[P CUPzu UPUTi C J mhS.
Pmk GUmP
B xuP Cu, uzu AqUP UTmi
E GUmP kUPmk C[SQ. Cu GUmP
Pmk GUmP Gk.
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Physics
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (20 / 56)
CUP Gs: () (June06), (Oct06), (Mar07), (Mar08), (Oct08), (Mar09),

KS Psh zv k C v\P CUP Gs Gk.
Cu AS m2 V1 s1.
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mh Ahzv:
mh C[S v\US \[SzuPU Puk, KS KS Pzv

mhzv A mh Ahzv Gk.
mh Ahzv Uh AS.
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mhzvS C v\
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L }, A SUS mk Psh XY G PhzvU PxP.
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u uh Gs :
KS }, KS SUS mk Psh Phzv J mhzvS
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Cu AS K mh.( ohm m)
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (21 / 56)

Phzx Gs:
Gs:
u uh Gso uR Phzx Gs Gk,
Phzx Gso AS mho m1
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Physics
PU Su {P, J ] EP[P, uh _ v Ah.

_ uhh mhzuU Phzx u UPhzxzv Gk.
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IRS = IR1 + IR2 + IR3 + IR4
or
RS = R1 + R2 + R3 + R4
uhP CnUPmk uhUQPUS uS uh, uzu
uhUQP uh[P TkuUSa \.
Physics
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (22 / 56)
UP Cn uhUQP : (Oct06)
R1, R2, R3, R4 G |S uhU QPUP Cn \UPmk.
CzuSh V US \ CnUPmkx.
uhUQP UP Cn Ex, J
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K vi
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;!(June08)!
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(3)
!
!
!!!!!!!!!!
!
!
!Physics M.PALANICHAMY, M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, (CELL:94421-36775)
Physics
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (23 / 56)

sle<hiM!(3)!J!(1)!z<!uGg<g?!!!!!!!!!
Ir
EV
!=
IR
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EV
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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!nz<zK!!!!!!
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12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (24 / 56)

sf<kqh<H!B.z<!!!
I1 Ig I3 = 0
sf<kqh<H!D.z<! !
!!
Physics
(1)!
I2 + Ig I4 = 0
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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!I2
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= !!we<x!fqhf<kjeh<hc?!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Q S
P r. AJ
=
Q r. JC
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12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (25 / 56)

r we<hK!YvzG!fQtg<!gl<hqbqe<!lqe<kjmbiGl</!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
l1
P
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!0!
=
Q
l2
P = Q
Physics
Phys
l1
l2
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AJ = l 1!
(CELL:94421-36775)
Physics
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (26 / 56)

!
lqe<ePk<klieq!kk<Kuk<kqe<hc?! E1 = I r l 1
(1)!
Le<Ohie<Ox!E2!lqe<eqbg<Guqjs!djmb!lqe<gzEg<G!sleQmM
< !fQtl<! l 2!ntf<kxqbh<hMgqxK!
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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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< z<!
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lqe<hGh<Hg<!gzEme<!lqe<gz!nMg<G?!siuq?!!
lqe<kjmlix<xq!lx<Xl<!nl<lm
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juk<K!nke<!fqjx!gi{h<hMgqxK/!
;!
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nkje!lQ{M
< l<!ohiVk<kqbhqe<!I1 ntU!lqe<Oeim<ml<!t!giz!ntuqx<G!osZk<kh<!hMgqxK/!!
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Physics
Omeqbz<!lqe<gze<
ze;< !(Mar08), (Oct08) !
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Zn++ nbeqgjtBl<! -V! wzg<mv< ie<gjtBl<! kVl</!
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Zn ++ nbeqgt<! F{<Kjtgtqz<! DMVuqs<! ose<X!kilqv!sz<0Ohm<! gjvsZme<! uqjeHvqf<K!Cu ++!
nbeqgjt!kVl<. -ke<!&zl<! kilqvh<!hik<kqvk<kqz<!Cu ++!!hcBl</!
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2/19!Ouiz<
m/< !!
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2/19
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njlh<H!;!!
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!!!!!!!!!!
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+
Zn
+ 2 NH4Cl
2 NH3 + ZnCl
2+2H +2e
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2/6
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Physics
giIQb!nlqz!Oslg<gzl<;!(Sep07)!
!
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lqe<Oeim<mk<jk!Wx<hMk<kuz<ze/!nkqg!lqe<Oeim<ml<!Okjuh<hMl<-mr<gtqz<!-ux<jxh<!
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Physics
Lke<jl!lqe<gze<?!Kj{!lqe<gze<
gze<!OuXhMk<Kg/!
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Puz ysh kzuhux
(a)
(b) A `h
(c) AC
(d) Aha _
2
2. 4.2. 0.5 m 10 _P Psh J Pa _ u 0.2 Wb/m2 PuzvS SzuP
Ex Pa _
(a) 100 Wb
(b) 10 Wb
(c) 1 Wb
(d) _
3. v .................v Aihx
(a) mh A (b) A
(c) Eu A
(d) B A
4. |UPhzv u ysh Gs......
(a) _
(b) i
(c) P AvP
(d) P ]x.
5. |UPhzv u ysh Gs...... (a) _ (b) i (c) P AvP (d) P ]x
-1
-1
6. G AQ Ci Gu
(a) Vs A
(b) Wb A
(c) s (d) Azx
7. 5A DC mh EUS Au A EUS v\ mhzv A..
(a) 50 A rms mh (b) 5 A mh (c) 5A rms mh (d) Psh Gx C
8. \kx
(a) AC mk (b) DC mk (c) AC DC (d) DCI Pmi AC vh \k
9. Pa _ Cx a_US mhzu a \v\ E
(a) UPu
(b) mh
(c) | VU (d) yP
10. J v\ _ \kzuk US \e = Eo sin ( t + /2), I = Io sin ( t /2) G
mhzuh ..........G Pmh A va \. (a) /2
(b) /4
(c)
(d) 0
11. RUPsh Gu kzv Ezu ix?
(a) Ek mh
(b) Ek zu
(c) Ek v
(d) Azu
12. AmkU PP Hk v C Gx SPCUS?
(a) zu SP mh AvPP Ex (b) zu mh
Csk AvPP Ex
(c) zu AvPP mh SP Ex
(d) zu mh CskSP E x
13. |v\ mhzu u AvUPu P Gx?
(a) uh
(b) uUQ
(c) ysi
(d) Psh Azx
14. J AC _ (a) mhzv \\
\ v _ (b) mh[P Cia \\ v _
(c) \\ v C _ (d) rms mhzv v, mhzv Ea\ v 2h[S
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Physics M. Palanichamy !
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (31 / 56)
4.Puz ysh v\
v\ mh
Pu () :
Pu B& UPmh hmh (A) Phx \ Pu\ PkP
GsoUP h uh Psh Pu ( ), G UPkQx
Pu zv AS (weber)
= BA cos
Puz ysh () :
_h uh Psh Puzv [P Hk x US \
yshk {P Puz ysh GkQx.
Au hmh u ES US \ yshmh US \ Gk.
u mh yshmh mh Gk .
Puz ysh Lh vP: (J06), (J07), (S07), (M08), (Oct08),

u v :
J hmh _k uh Psh Pu x Au _ US
\ yshkQx. Pu zv {Px PsiUS mk yshmh
US \ }iUS.
Csh v:
hmh _ yshmh US \ Gs v, _h uh Psh
d
Pu uzvS |zuP CUS.
e=
dt
v : (Mar08), (Oct08),
J _ yshmh mhzv v\, Gx Au EUPU PnP Cu
d
Pu zu GvUS P A. e =
dt
L[ xP v : ( v) : ():
(Mar07), (Mar09)
():
x P BPmi , |k BQ JUP
\[SzuP zxU Psk, BPmi Puzv v\, Phzv C[S
v\ SuPU Psh |kx yshmh mhzv v\U SUS .
u ysh : () :
J Pa _ mhzv Hkx AUPa _ J Gv
US\ yshk {P u ysh Gk.
u ysh Gs : () :
Pa _ J mh J |iUS J B G uzv
x AUPa _ yshk Gv US \ Gsn Aa_
u
ysh GsoSa \ BS. u ysh Gso AS BS.
uysh Gso AS ( )
Pa _ J mh J iUS J B G uzv x,
AUPa _ yshk Gv US \ 1 m G A, Aa_
uysh Gs 1 BS.
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Physics
ysh : () :
J _ mhzv Hkx _ US\
yshk {P ysh Gk.
ysh Gs : () :
_ J mh J |iUS J B G uzv x
_ yshk Gv US\ Gsn A _PUS Ch E
ysh GsoSa \S.
ysh Gso AS BS.
C Pa _PUQh E ysh Gs \x PoP :
(i) _ n, i, _P GsoUP EPP k
Pu EmSv BQa \ux.
(ii) Pa _P JUP G AQ E Gua \ux.
yshmh US \
\ EUS P (?
(? ):
(i) Puz ysh (B) u ,
(ii) _ EhUQ (A) u
(Mar 06)
(iii) Puzu zx _ v\ A () u
yshmh UP \ .
_ Eh[Q u US \
\z ysku
(July07), (Sep07), (Oct08), (Mar09)
PQRS G Phzv hzv
Pmi
izv
UP
mkx.
L1 M1 Gx
l }h
| Phzv PQ RS G
[P x UPmkx.
B G ^ Pu
Phzv
uzvS
SzuPa
\kQx.
| Phzv dt P A dx
u |PQx. Phzv EhUS k L2L1M1M2 BS. k,
dA = l dx
Pu ,
d = B.dA = B l dx
e=
d
dt
B l dx
dt
e = Bl v
e=
Cv v Gx | Phzv |P v\P BS.
(CELL:94421-36775)
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (33 / 56)

Physics
Puzv _ v\
v\ u US \
\z ysku : (June08)!!
!
PQRS Gx N _P A SUS
Psh \P i Pa _
BS. Cx B G ^ Pu zv
UPmkx. !
CuU Pa _, PuzvS
\[SzuP Au Aa\ G
Pnzv\Pzxh
g_P
_kQx.
uhUPzv Pa _ \[Szu
{ Ex GU Psh _
SzxUPk Puzxh Hkzx Pn _ BS.
t G Pzv _x ( = t)
uh Psh Pu G ,
Pn
_kQx.
Ax _h
= NBA cos
yshmh US \,
e=
d
dt
d
Cos ( t )
dt
e = N B A Sin t (1)
e= N B A
yshmh US \ v
E0 = NAB
G yshmh US \
e = E0 sin t
P t I zx yshk US \ e x A izv Qx.
Au Avs _P / i BS.
(i) t = 0 G {, _ u, B G PuzvS SzuP Ex.

G e = 0.
(ii) t = /2 G {, _ u, B G PuzvS CnP Ex

G e = E0.
(iii) t = G {, _ u, B G PuzvS \[Pnzv Ex

G
e = 0.
(iv) t = 3/2 G { _ u sk PuzvS CnP Ex.

G e = -Eo.
(v) t = 2 G {, _ } sk B G PuzvS \[SzuP Ex.

G e = 0.
_ P R G uh P a_h CnUPk x Aa_
mh \ PhP A.
(CELL:94421-36775)
Physics
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (34 / 56))
J Pmh AC : (Mar07)
(Mar07), (July07), (Sep07), (Mar08)
Cv B P Eu P ac S.
uzx:
uzx:
Pa _ J ^ Puzv _k
x Av US \ yshk G Puz
ysh
uzxzv
Aih
\kQx.
AC A:
(i) _ _
_ _ Gx uPkP B u
EPzv x AvP GsoUP Ph uU
P _mh \P
P i Pa _ BS.
(ii) U Pu
v Su h J { Puzv u Pu
EUPkQx. AvP v Psh h Pu kzukQx.
(iii) | [P
_ _ Csk P R1 R2 G Csk Eh EP [Ph
CnUPmk. Cu [P __
__ Aa_h zu mku _ _h
\x
x | [P _Q.
(iv) yPP
B1 B2 G Csk |Qz uh EPz uPkP Ax P
yPP BS. yPP,, | [Ph Cn HkzxQ.
yPP, _ _ ES mhzu | [P P a_
\ EuQ.
\
\ u
Puzkqz<! Pa _ v
v\
x _k uh Psh Pu
Qx.
Au,
Pa_
US\ yshkQx.
_ _ ABCD uhUPzv
\[Szu
{ Ex. Cx Chg_P _kQx.
_ AB G Sv R|UQ DC G Sv
|UQ |P.
L[ x P v i AB G zv yshk mh B x A
US, CD yshmh mh D x CUS
US . G Pa _ mh
DCBA G v\
. a_ mh B1 x B2US .
(CELL:94421-36775)
(CELL:
Physics
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (35 / 56)
_ _ _kx, _ AB |UQ DC R|UQ |P.

Cx, _ _ mh ABCD G v\ . a_ mh B2
x B1US . mh, _ J Aa _US u v\ U Psh
CUS.
_ _ J i _]P iUS _P / |i Avs Psh
v\ mh EUPk.
Gu J Pnzv yshmh US \
e = E0 sin t
US \ v
E0= NBA
Cv N Gx _ E _P GsoUP
A Gx _ Eh[S
B Gx Pu
Gx _ Pnzv\PS.
_ mh[P : (Pm mh): (Mar09)

EPU Pmi J Puzv C[S x EPU Pmi mh
yshkQx. Cu mh, }a_ hmh u Qx. G, CP
mh _ m h G AUPkQx.
_ mhzv P:
P: (Mar07), (Mar09)
(i) A P mh:
J P mh mhzua \zv Pa_ A. EhiP
AP {zu PU _x J EPa \mhzv x _kQx. Pa_ P
Ah x EPa \mhzv _ mh[P ES. ux Hzu AP
EhiP { ku Cx A P mh Gk.
(ii) ysh E :
Cv AvP Avs Psh Ch Pu EUPkQx G Cv
UPk _ mh EQx. mhzv
EP ESQx.
(iii) ysh mhP :
!!!!!SpZgqe<x!gif<kh<Hzk<kqz<!jug<gh<hm<m!dOzig!dVjtbqz<!dVuiGl<!Spz<!
lqe<Oeim<mk<kqeiz<!dVjt!Spz!okimr<GgqxK/!Lkzqz<!dVjtbqe<!Spx<sq!-l<lix<xk<jk!
wkqi<gg
< qxK/!Neiz<!gif<kh<Hzk<kqe<!Spx<sq!okimi<ukiz<!dOzig!dVjt!okimi<fK
< !Spz<gqxK/!
-f<k!kk<Kuk<kqe<hc!-br<Gl<!Olim<mii<!lqe<uqsqxqgtqz<!hbe<hMgqxK/!
(iv) Puz uhP :
C si \UP[Ph J Eh EP E CnUPmkx. C
si CUPzv Ex \UPzxh E \x _. uh \kzxx
Pu EUPmk E _ mh[P EUPkQ. Cu
_ mh[P E CUPzu GvUS. G, C si K {US Qx.
(CELL:94421-36775)
Physics
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (36 / 56)

(v) P Pmk P :
-kqz<! uigek<kqe<! Ougk<kqx<G! Wx<h! gif<kl<! ye<X! Spz<gqxK/! -f<kg<! gif<klieK?! ! GxqLt<!
ohiVk<kh<hm<m! yV! nZlqeqb! dVjtbqEt<! Spz<gqxK/! weOu! nZlqeqb! dVjtbqz<! Spz<!
lqe<Oeim<mr<gt<! dVuiGl</! -f<k! lqe<Oeim<mr<gt<! SpZl<! gif<kk<kqe<! -bg<gk<jk! wkqi<gg
< qe<xe/! -ke<!
giv{lig?! dVjtbqe<! lQK! yV! kqVh<Huqjs! Wx<hMgqxK/! ! -f<kk<! kqVh<HuqjsbieK! uigek<kqe<!
Ougk<kqx<G!Wx<h!njlukiz<?!GxqLt<!
< gim<Ml<!ntU?!!uigek<kqe<!Ougk<jkg<!gim<Ml</!
: (Mar 06),
Su v\ zuzu AvP v\ zuP, AvP v\
zuzu Su v\ zuP Eu \u GkQx.
uzx :
x Puz ysh uzxzv Aih \kQx.
A :
u EPzv x _mh Jh J uh A u
xna _P E. (_ mh[PU SUP uPkP B
u EP kzukQx.)
UP:
v\ Ek zu ua_US ukQx. ua_ uhx
hx Psh CUS mh, k Puzu ua _
EshUS. Cx xna _ Pu zu Hkzx. Cu xna _
US\ yshkQx.
EP ES G u xna _P yshk US
\P G, NP NS G u xna _P E _P
GsoUP G P.
u xna _Ph J A Pu uh Psku Csk

_P _ JP yshk US \ \P CUP sk.
Aux
E
EP
= S
NP
NS
Ax
EP
N
= P
ES
NS
(1)
J | :US Ek v k v \.
Ep Ip = Es Is
Cv Ip Is G u xna _P mh[P BS.
Aux
ES
I
= P
EP
IS
(2)
\kP (1) (2) x
ES
N
I
= S = P =k
EP
NP
IS
Cv k Gx Qu GkQx.
(CELL:94421-36775)
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (37 / 56))

Physics
H :
Su v\ zuzu Eu v
v\ zuP A
H Gk. ( k > 1)
CUS :
Eu v\ zuzu Su v
v\ zuP A
CUS Gk. (k < 1)
H , CUS - k :
Gs
1
CUS
k zuzu AvPUQx.
k zuzu SUQx.
k mhzuU SUQx
k mhzuU
AvPUQx.
xna_ _UP AvP

N2 > N1
xna_ _UP S
N2 < N1
Qu k > 1
Qu k < 1
v :
v Gx k vUS Ek vUS E uP G
UPkQx.
Hk v CP : (Mar 06), (June 06), (Oct06)

(1) uUP C :
Ek v\ mh, C EPzu vz v PuUSu,
Puzu CUPa \u
u Hk v C uUP C Gk. mh
]UP j P EP[P kzv uUP CU SUP.
(2) u C :
u xna _P mh Hkzx.
G, ]x B, B i CUPkQx. Su A uh Psh
ui PP kzxu CzuP CU SUP.
(3) _ mh C (C C) :
k Pu, EPzv _
mhzu
mhzu HkzxQx. Cu, B
C i HkQx. GLQ P EP h G EPU P
EUPmh uPkP EPzu Au Cu CU SUP.
(4) C :
ua _ ES Pu x, U P] PnP, xna _h
_
uh Pv. Cx B C HkzxQx. TkP EPzu kzx
CzuP CU SUP.
(5) J B C :
EPzv AvP PnP Hk J B C HkQx.
(CELL:94421-36775)
(CELL:
Physics
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (38 / 56)

liXkqjs!lqe<eqbg<G!uqjs;!
!uqjs;!!
;!!
!
SVtqz<!K~{<mh<hMl<!lqe<eqbg<G!uqjs!w{<!lkqh<hqZl<?!kqjsbqZl<!gizk<jkh<!ohiXk<K!
lixqg<ogi{<Om!-Vh<hkiz<!-K!liXkqjs!lqe<eqbg<G!uqjs!we!njpg<gh<hMgqxK/!!
sqxh<H!nl<sl;
< !
l;!
i)
lqe<lix<xqgjth<! hbe<hMk<kq! uskqg<G! Wx<h! liXkqjs! lqe<eqbg<G! uqjsjb! Gjxf<k!

lqe<ePk<kligOui!nz<zK!nkqg!lqe<ePk<kligOui!lix<x!-bZl<?!
ii)
Spz<SVtqe<!Spx<sq!Ougk<jk!lix<Xuke<!&zl<!nke<!nkqi<ou{<!lkqh<jh!lix<xLcBl</!
hbe<hiMgt<;!!!
i)
-f<kqbiuqz<!uQMgTg<G!hbe<hMl<!liXkqjs!lqe<kqxeqe<!nkqi<ou{<!50Hz NGl<!
ii)
okijzg<gim<sq! ytqhvh<hqz<! yzq! lx<Xl<! gim<sqg<gie! jsjggjt! nEh<hh<! hbe<hMl<!

liXkqjs!lqe<Oeim<mk<kqe<!nkqi<ou{<gt<!100 KHz Lkz<!100 MHz ujv!-Vg<Gl</!
!
!
Gxqh<H!;!yV!LPs<Sx<Xg<gie!liXkqjs!lqe<Oeim<mk<kqe<!svisiq!lkqh<H!SpqbiGl<
!SpqbiGl/!
v\
v\ mhzv RMS v (v) \ku.:
ku.:
v\
v\ mhzv RMS v:
v: (July07)
v\ mhx J uhUQ J P Smh | x
EUS B, Au |zv Au uh EUS u |mhzv
v, v\ mhzv v
rms v BS.
I = I0 sin t
G v\ mh uh R
P x (dt) Pzv EUS
dH = i2 R dt
J a _US uh ES
zu
;
9 : < =
;
9 > :4 ?= =
I 2 RT
H=
2
Cu x, Au uhUQ Au Pzv mhzv v EUS
zvSa \.
2
H = I rms
RT
I rms =
I0
2
(CELL:94421-36775)
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (39 / 56)

Physics
uhUQ mk Eh AC _:
R uhh uhUQh J v\ US \
CnUPmkx.
\kzuk US \
e = Eo sin t ...........(1)
t G Pzv, _
mh i.
uhUQ, SUP
zu k
e =iR
zu k, \zuk US \USa \.
G,
i R = Eo sin t
E
I = 0 sin t
R
i = Io sin t ...,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(2)
\kP (1) (2) x zu, mh J Pmhzv E.
ysi mk Eh AC _: (Mar06) , (Mar08), (OCT 08)
J v\ US \, L G y ysiUS ukQx.
ysiUS v\ US \ AUP ku
\zuk zuzu GvUPUTi u
ysh US \, Av EUPkQx.
Gu J Pnzv \zuk US \
e = Eo sin t ..........(1)
ysh US \
di
e = L
dt
Cv L Gx Pa _ u ysh Gs BS.
J | ysiUS yshmh US \,
e = - e
di
E 0 sin ( t ) = L
dt
E
di = 0 sin(t ) dt
L
E
i = 0 sin( t ) dt
L
i = I 0 sin(t )
2
E0
Cv
I0 =
L
C[S L Gx Pa_ u uh BS. Cx ysi G
AUPkQx. Cu AS Ohm BS.
\kP (1) (2)x, mh zuzu h /2 Pmh A u[Q
CUS Gx uQx.
(CELL:94421-36775)
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (40 / 56)

Physics
ysi G G?
XL = L = 2 L, Gx Pa_ u uh BS. Cx ysi G
AUPkQx. Cu AS Ohm BS. Cv Gx \zuk a.c zuzv
Avs BS.
( |v\ mhzvS
=0 ;.
XL = 0
CP y ysi
|v\ mhzvS _ uh PkUS. B a.c. _ Pa _
Avsn zx AvPUS.)
uUQ mk E AC _: (10 Mark) (OCT 06)
v\ US \, C G uUQ SUP CnUPkQx.
Gu J Pnzv, \kzuk US \
e = Eo sin t ..(1)
Gu J Pnzv, uUQ SUP E zu
k
q
e=
C
B
dq
i=
dt
d
i = (C E 0 sin t )
dt
E0
I0 =
i = I 0 sin(t + )
2
(1 / C )
mhxzuzuh /2 Pmh A v CUS.
!
uUQ G G? J uUQ |v\
|v\ mhzvS i
uhz u. H?
H?
1
1
XC =
=
uUQ Gx uUQ u uh BS.
C 2 C
Cx uUQ GkQx. Cu AS K. Cv Gx a.c. zv Avs
BS.
|mh _ = 0 : X C =
G, J uUQ |v\ mhzvS i uhz u.
(4.31) DC Amh v\
v\ mhzu Ahx. H? (Oct07)
*DC Amh mhzv \\ v Ak.
*v\ mhzv J a_US mhzv \\v _S.
G DC Amh _v Pmk.
* v\ mh u v\ UP Pzv DC
Amh S A Cx.
(CELL:94421-36775)
Physics
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (41 / 56)
lqe<kjmbig<gq?!
q?!lqe<K~{<c!lx<Xl<!lqe<Okg<gq!Ngqbju!okimi<!-j{h<hqz<!!
(RLC okimi<!Sx<X*;
*;!(June 06)!
lqe<kjm!
R!
dt<t!
lqe<kjmbig<gq?! lqe<K~{<mz<! w{<! L!
ogi{<m!lqe<K~{<c!lx<Xl<!!
lqe<Okg<Gk<! kqxe<! C! ogi{<m!
lqe<Okg<gq! Ngqbux<OxiM! e! we<x!
lqe<eqbg<G! uqjsBjmb! liXkqjs!
lqe<eqbg<G!
uqjs!
&zl<!
okimiqj{h<hqz<!-j{g<gh<hm<Mt<tK/!!
Sx<xqz<! hiBl<! lqe<Oeim<ml<! I weg<!
ogit<Ouil</!!
!
!
!lqe<kjmg<G!GXg<Og!dt<t!!
!!!!!!!!!!!lqe<ePk<k!OuXhiM!!!!!!VR = I R!!!)-K!I.Bme<!YOv!gm<mk<kqz<!-Vg<Gl<*!!!
!
lqe<K~{<cg<G!GXg<Og!dt<t!!
!!!!!!!!!lqe<ePk<k!OuXhiM!!!!!!!!VL = I XL!!)-K!I.J!uqm!
!gm<ml<!Lf<kq!-Vg<Gl<*!
!lqe<Okg<gqg<G!GXg<Og!dt<t!!
!!!!!!!!!!lqe<ePk<k!OuXhiM!!!!!!!VC = I XC!!)-K!I.J!uqm!
!
!gm<ml<!hqf<kq!-Vg<Gl</*!
2
VL!lx<Xl<!VC!-jugTg<gqjmOb!dt<t!gm<m!OuXhiM!291/!!
VL!lx<Xl<!VC!e<!okiGhbe<!=!VL VC!!
!!
!osbz<hMk<kh<hMl<!lqe<ePk<kl<!V NeK?!VR, VL lx<Xl<!VC!Ngqbux<xqe<!oug<mi<!%MkZg<G!sll</!

!
!!
0OB2 = OA2 + AB2
V 2 = VR2 + (VL VC )
V = (I R ) 2 + (I X L - I X C )2
V = R 2 + (X L
Z=
V
= R 2 + (X L
XC )
X C )2
(1)
(2)
-r<G!Z!we<hK!RLC Sx<xqe<!lqe<.wkqi<hH< !weh<hMl</!!!!

!
lqe<ePk<kk<kqx<Gl<?!lqe<Oeim<mk<kqx<Gl<!-jmOb!dt<t!gm<m!Ogi{l<!!
!
!
!!!!! tan =
VL VC IX L IX C X L X C
=
=
VR
IR
R
XL XC
= tan 1
I0 sin (t )
we<hK!wf<k!yV!g{k<kqZl<!Sx<xqz<!hiBl<!lqe<Oeim<mliGl</!!
(CELL:94421-36775)
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (42 / 56)

Physics
Jzv\
Jzv\:
Pn Avso J Smh vS A. Aux I, Vh J Pmhzv
CUS. v ]P, mh P CUS. mhzu
AvUS CzuP {P Jzv\ Gk
!
yk<kqjsU!nkqi<ou{<
< )
u{!
) 1*!
!
wf<k! yV! Gxqh<hqm<m! nkqi<ou{<[g<G! Sx<xqe<! lqe<oekqi<h<H! sqXlligUl<?! lqe<Oeim<ml<!
ohVlligUl<!liXOli!nf<k!nkqi<ou{<!yk<kqjsU!nkqi<ou{<!weh<hMl</!!
0 =
1
2 LC
Wx<hqs<!Sx<X;!)yk<kqjsU!Sx<X*;!
!
!
lqe<Oeim<mk<kqx<G! Gjxf<k! lqe<oekqi<hj
< h! kVuke<! &zl<! hz! nkqi<ou{<gtqzqVf<K! yV!
Gxqh<hqm<m! nkqi<ou{<j{! dmecbig! Wx<Xg<! ogit<Tl<! okimi<! yk<kqjsU! Sx<X! Wx<hqs<! Sx<X!
weh<hMl</!!
!
!!hbe<
Xl<!okijzgim<sq!Wx<hqgtqz<!hbe<hMgqxK/!!
!!hbe<!;!OvcObi!lx<
;
Q!!giv{q!nz<zK!kvg<giv{q!
iv{q! ;!(Oct06)
Q! ! giv{qbieK! gl<hqs<! SVt<! nz<zK! lqe<Okg<gqbqe<! GXg<Og! dt<t! lqe<ePk<k!
OuXhim<cx<Gl<?!osZk<kh<hMl<!lqe<ePk<kk<kqx<Gl<!dt<t!kgU!we!ujvbXg<gh<hMgqxK/!!
Q=
L nz< zK!C!e<!GXg< Og!dt< t!lqe< ePk< kl<

osZk< kh< hMl<!lqe< ePk< kl<
Q=
1
R
L
C
(nzG!-z<jz*/!!
!
A.C. lqe<Sx<xqe<!kqxe<;!!
!
wf<k!yV!g{k<kqZl<! AC! lqe<Sx<xqe<! kqxe<! we<hK?!ng<g{k<kqz<! lqe<eqbg<G!uqjsg<Gl<?!
Sx<xqz<!hiBl<!lqe<Oeim<mk<kqx<Gl<!dt<t!ohVg<gz<!hze<!we!ujvbXg<gh<hMgqxK/!!
Pav = E rms . I rms
cos
Pav = Okix<xk<kqxe<!x!
!kqxe<!giv{q!
giv{q!
njmh<Hs<!SVt<
SVt;< !(June08)!
!
AC
lqe<Sx<xqz<! lqe<Oeim<mk<jkg<! gm<Mh<hMk<k! hbe<hMl<! Gjxf<k! lqe<kjm! ogi{<m!
gl<hqs<SVt</!
AF!njmh<Hs<!SVt<!
RF!njmh<Hs<!SVt<!!
1.
Gjxf<k!nkqi<ou{<!Sx<Xgtqz<!
hbe<hMk<kh<hMgqxK/
dbi<!nkqi<ou{<!nz<zK!OvcObi!
nkqi<ou{<!Sx<Xgtqz<!
hbe<hMk<kh<hMgqxK/
2.
OkeqVl<H!dt<tgk<jk!ohx<Xt<tK/!
gix<X!dt<tgk<jk!ohx<Xt<tK/!
3.
nkqg!lqe<K~{<mz<!w{<!ogi{<mK/!
Gjxf<k!lqe<K~{<mz<!w{<!ogi{<mK/!!
(CELL:94421-36775)
Physics
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (43 / 56)
7. Pva_ Cmh s \ uzx

ytqlqe<uqjtU;!
qjtU;
!
sqz!dOzigh<!ohiVt<gtqe<!lQK!-gkqv<gt<?!X!gkqv<gt<?!HxDkig<gkqv<gt<?!lx<Xl<!gm<HzeiGl<!
ytq!Ohie<xju!hMl<!OhiK!wzg<mv< ie<gt<!dlqph<hMl<!fqgp<U!ytqlqe<!dlqp<kz<!weh<hMl</< !
fqXk<K!lqe<ePk<kl<;!!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
ytq!lqe<Oeim<ml<!SpqbiGliX!NOeim<cx<Gg<!ogiMg<gh<hMl<!sqXl!!!wkqv<!lqe<ePk<kl<!oum<M!
lqe<ePk<kl<!nz<zK!fqXk<K!lqe<ePk<kl<!weh<hMl</!
ytqlqe<!dlqp<kzqe<!uqkqgt<
uqkqgt ( Mar07)
Gxqh<hqm<m!ytq!d{i<kqxe<!lqg<g!ohiVtqx<G!hMgkqi<!ytqbqe<!osxqU!wu<utU!!!
nkqglig!-Vf<kiZl<?!wf<k!nkqi<ou{<{qx<Gg<!gQp!
< ytqlqe<!dlqp<kz<!Lx<xqZl<!fqe<X!
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ytqlqe<gzr<gtqe<!hbe<gt<; (June06), (Oct06), (Jul07), (Mar08), (June08)!
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< !!
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dmOe!lqe<sivl{q!nz<zK!lqe<siv.sr<G!ye<X!-br<gq!ws<svqg<jg!jsjgbqje!!!!!!!
!!!!Wx<hMk<Kl</!!
A Ax i A GG?
uSu ` C[S xP J A sP UQx. Cx
A Ax i A Gk.
(CELL:94421-36775)
Physics
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (44 / 56)
hVh<ohiVtqe<!c!hqvizq!njzfQtl;< !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !
!
!
Nx<xZg<gie!hqtir<gqe<!sle<him<jmBl<!)njz*!Je<^C
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(i) u\P, P A, EP P, sn a_P BUPU
TP P Ax P kQx.
(ii) zx E, Uj Ax P
kQx.
(iii) C, Aq A iP AP UPP Ax P
kQx.
GUm ~snUQ P ?
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ntuqmh<hMgqxK/!
!
!
(CELL:94421-36775)
Physics
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (45 / 56)
sqxh<H!sii<hqbz<!ogit<jgbqe<hc!
l = l0 1
v2
c2
nkiuK!l < l0!

weOu!Yb<U!fqjzbqz<!dt<t!Nb<uitjvh<!ohiVk<K!v!we<x!kqjsOugk<Kme<!-br<Gl<!k{<ce<!
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!!!!!!um<m!ucuh<!ohiVt<!ye<X!
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< um<mligk<!okiqBl</!
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K { E BUS, CUP { E PiP S |zuU
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!;
!!!!!!!!!!!!!gcgivr<gjtuqm!olKuigs<!osz<ukigk<!Okie<Xl</!
(CELL:94421-36775)
Physics
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (46 / 56)
8. AqUP C
I\
I\hP:
\ Aq Gsn mh { Gsn Psh J uzv AqUP
I\hP Gk.
GkzxUPmkP: 1H1, 1H2 1H3.
I\
I\P:
\ { Gsn mh Aq Gsn Psh u[P
AqUP I\P BS.
GkzxUPmkP:8O16 7N16 .
I\
I\hP:
hP
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GkzxUPmkP:6C14 8O16
Aq { AS:
J Aq { AS Gx P 6C12 Aq { (1/12) [QSa \.
1 amu = 1.66 10-27 kg
1 amuUS \ B = 931 MeV
Gx {:
AqUP E AqUPz xPP zu {US, AqUP Es {US
Ch E k { Gk.
n B:
B:
mhP, {mP \x AqUP ESx { AuSa
\ BP kQx. Cu B AqUP n B Gk.
E = mc2
n B h:
h:
A q U P n B Ax
]uhGx AuP
{z uU SUS.
n B AvP G AqUP
{k UPuP.
n B S G AqUP
{k SuuP A GU
T.
J AqUPzxPUP n
B BE/A
J AqUPz xPUP n
B uzvS u k.
hqj{h<H!Nx<xz<!ujtg<Ogim<cx<gie!uqtg<gl<; (Oct06)
AqUP { Gs A X.Aa], AqUPz xP J n B
BE
h Gk.
A
Y.Aa] Psk h kQx. Cx
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (47 / 56)

BE
NeK!fqjx!w{<!A..jb!ohiVk<K!liXhMkz</!
A
Physics
BE
e<!lkqh<H!Ouglig!nkqgiqg<gqe<xK/!
A
A = 20!ujv!
A = 20!g<G!hqxG!olKuig!nkqgiqg<gqe<xK/!
A < 20!lx<Xl<!fqjxw{<!fie<gqe<!lmr<gig!dt<t!n[g<gVg<gt<!ujvhmk<kqz<!lQ{M
< l<!lQ{M
< l<!
LgMgtqz<!njlgqe<xe/!!w/gi!1He4,
4Be
, 6C12 , 8O16 , 10Ne20!
A = 40!Lkz<!231!ujv!ujtOgiM!Wxg<Gjxb!gqjmlm<mlig!njlgqe<xK/!
A = 120.ju!uqm!nkqgiqg<Gl<OhiK!
A = 56!dt<t!-Vl<hqe<!
fqjx!w{<!51!g<Gl<!231!g<Gl<!-jmh<hm<m!n[g<gVk<!Kgt<!ye<xqe<!svisiq!hqj{h<H!Nx<xz<!!
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!olKuig!Gjxgqe<xK!
A
BE
e<!lkqh<H!9/9!MeV!)nkqg!fqjzh<hiM!djmbK/*!
A
8.5 MeV !fqjzh<H!ke<jl!nkqgl</!-ju!gkqiqbg<gk<kqx<G!dm<hmiK/!
fqjxw{<!nkqgiqg<Gl<!OhiK!hqj{h<H!Nx<xz<!Gjxf<K!ogi{<Om!uVl</!!BOveqbk<kqx<G!!!!!!!!!!!
BE
= 7.6 MeV/!fqjzh<hiM!nx<xju/!gkqiqbg<gk<kqx<G!dm<hMl</!
A
-Ozsie!n[g<gVg<gtqe<!Gjxuie!hqj{h<H!Nx<xz<!n[g<gV!-j{U!fqgp<Ugjt!
uqtg<GgqxK/!
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!!!!!ye<X!nz<zK!nkx<G!Olx<hm<m!wzg<mv< ie<gt<!fQgg
< h<hm<m!n[g<gt<!Ofi<lqe<nbeqgtigqe<xe/!
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hqtUgtqe<!upqOb!osZk<kh<hm<M!olz<zqb!gx<jxbig!
outquVgqe<xK/!!
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uqjsBl<!ye<Xg<ogie<X!sll</!!
(CELL:94421-36775)
Physics
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (48 / 56)

Bqv!= E q!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!0!v =
E
B
(1)
!-f<k!v!kqjsOugl<!ogi{<m!nbeqgt<!lm<Ml<!S3/!hqtjujb!gmf<K!hqe<ei<?!D !we<x!
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!
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gif<kh<!Hzuqjs?!Okjubie!jlbOfig<G!uqjsjb!kVgqe<xK/!
B qv =
m=
mv 2
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v
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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! m
BB' qR
!!!!
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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!0!m R
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okijzU!3R!-zqVf<K!Nvl<!R!g{g<gqmh<hMgqxK/!!!
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!
n[g<gV!uqjs;.
V!uqjs;. (Mar09)!
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!!!
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hqj{g<gqe<xK/!-u<uqjs!n[g<gV!uqjs!weh<hMl</! !
2/ n[g<gV!uqjs!lqe<E~m<m!sii<hx<xK/!nkiuK!fqjz!lqe<eqbz<!uqjsbz<z/!
3/ g{<mxqbh<hm<m!uqjsgtqz<!!n[g<gV!uqjsOb!lqg!nkqg!uzqjl!ogi{<mK/!
4/!n[g<gV!uqjs!=i<h<hqbz<!uqjs!nz<z/!!=i<hh
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(CELL:94421-36775)
Physics
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (49 / 56)

?!?!lx<Xl<!!!gkqi<gtqe<!h{<Hgt<;.!
!!gkqi
!!gkqi!
gkqi!
!gkqi<!
!gkqi<!
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GkzxUPmk :
PvUPa ]u h Qa] { Cx Ai{USz vx, 0.187 MeV B
Psh .Pv k .
(CELL:94421-36775)
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (50 / 56)
Physics
gkqiqbg<g!sqjkU!uqkq;.!(Oct08)!
!
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dN
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log e N = - t + C
t=0
weqz<!!!!
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N = No
log e No = C
N = N 0e
njv!NBm<gizl<
izl!)!T ) : (Oct08)
gkqiqbg<gk<!keqlk<kqe<!njvNBm<gizl<!!weh<hMuK?!nkqZt<t!n[g<gtqz<!hikqbtU!
n[g<gt<!sqjkujmb!NGl<!gizl</< !! !
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12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (51 / 56)

Physics
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Physics
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (52 / 56)

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(CELL:94421-36775)
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (53 / 56)

Physics
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12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (54 / 56)

Physics
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12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (55 / 56)

Physics
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Physics
Phy
9. SUPhzv \u[P A kP
12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (56/ 56))
1. Eu SU PhzvP G G? GkzxUPmkP uP .(M06)

J y, \,
, SU Phzv Eu SUPhzv Gk. Eu SU Phzv, Pmk
GUmP
P xP GsoUP \S.
GkzxUPmkP : y ]UP
2. "vzxu' G G? vzv G G? (M07)
v\ v\ mhzu |v
|v\ |v\ mhP {P "vzxu'
G, C{PUS k \u
u vzv G AUPk.
3. i]h J \
\k P _nP ?J NPN i]h _
{P h P. (M06,Oct06) , (Mar08)
(i) x Ai _ (CB)
(ii) x E _ (CE)
(iii) x H _ (CC).
J NPN i]h _
CB _
CE _
CC _
{P Pmhmk.
4. u mk Avs, E mk Avs, Avs Ch .
(M07)
Su Avs |kUPzv UQ UP, |kzu
|kzu Avs UPzu
1
(AM),
h[PP AUTi Avs u mk Avs (fL) BS.
2
AvP Avs |kUPzv UQ UP |kzu
|kzu Avs UPzu
1
(AM),
h[PP AUTi Avs E mk Avs (fU) BS.
2
Gx, u mk E mk AvsPUS Chmh Avs
Ch mh AP Gk. BW = fU fL
5. Gv mhzv |P ? (Jul07) , (Sep07) , (Jun08)
1. E { {zumh UP
2. Ca\ A S
3. AvPUPmh mh AP
4. AvPUPmh Ek v , SUPmh k v
5. Su S.
6. uSa _ |P
? (M06) , (Oct06)
(i) PPa ] E A
(ii) Su v ~P (iii) |Pz u
(iv)
(v) PPa ] Gh
(vi) Gv \v
7. APUP P\
, (Sep07),, (Oct08)
P\ {uP ? (Jul07)
(i) UP A = 1
(ii) mh a _ zu Pmh a] 0 Ax 2- h[SPS. CP
APUP P\
{uP BS.
8. j&P u[PUT.
(Mar08), (Mar09)
u[PUT.
u u : Tku {,
, {
{P UPUSa \P
P A. A B
G EkP G
A+ B = A . B
Csh u : UP {
{, {P TkuUSa \S.
S. A B
Gx EkP G
A. B = A + B
(CELL:94421-36775)
(CELL:

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Physics

12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (01 / 56)

Physics M.PALANICHAMY,M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil.,P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, (CELL:94421-36775)

12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (02 / 56)

Physics M.PALANICHAMY,M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil.,P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, (CELL:94421-36775)

12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (03 / 56)

E& v\, O, P P CnUS Pmi , | mhP Cu

Physics M.PALANICHAMY,M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil.,P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, (CELL:94421-36775)

12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (04 / 56)

C Aa_UPmi E J (M 06),(J 06), (M 09)

C Ox, Aa_UPmi, r u Ax P BS.

B& E +q mhzv P&

Physics M.PALANICHAMY,M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil.,P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, (CELL:94421-36775)

12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (05 / 56)

E1 E2 Gvvz v\ \kQ. G, uS (E)

E&x C vzv v\ \kQx.

E& v\ C Aa_US CnP PR & P, C v

Physics M.PALANICHAMY,M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil.,P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, (CELL:94421-36775)

12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (06 / 56)

Physics M.PALANICHAMY,M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil.,P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, (CELL:94421-36775)

12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (07 / 56)

Physics M.PALANICHAMY,M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil.,P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, (CELL:94421-36775)

12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (08 / 55)

Physics M.PALANICHAMY,M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil.,P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, (CELL:94421-36775)

12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (09 / 56)

E& v\x, |mh G, Bzv |UQ AQx.

Physics M.PALANICHAMY, M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS,

12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (10 / 56)

12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (11 / 56)

P Pzv , USU SzuP

CxP iU Tmi zu mh Avu Hkzx

P (iii) P iU Tmi Emzv E J :

Physics M.PALANICHAMY, M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS,

12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (12 / 56)

Physics M.PALANICHAMY, M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS,

12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (13 / 56)

Physics M.PALANICHAMY, M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS,

12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (14 / 56)

Cnzumk uUQ uUSz v,

uUSz vx umkP US (A) |zuP, ChzuS (d) Gvz

Azx GUmP AqUPh CP nUPmk AqUP

| m h[P D , Gv mh[P D zvx

yshmh C vzv p& vx zvS |z uP

Physics M.PALANICHAMY, M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS,

12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (15 / 56)

P FhPzvS r > 1 Gu, P UPkx,

Physics M.PALANICHAMY, M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS,

12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (16 / 56)

(1) uhn uUQP: (July07), (Sep07)

uUQP uhn CnUPkx uS uUSzv uR

uUQ, mhzuz uUQ UP, \h six.

Physics M.PALANICHAMY, M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS,

12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (17 / 56)

12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (18 / 56)

Cu | AP mh JmiU Psk ^ E& |[SQx.

J Psniz usk, mkz xoh uUPk x +8 10 -12 C mhzu HQx. Ax HUPsh

a UP Psh \xzv |S P A, B, C DUP mh[P +q, +q, .q q

\ zu E C PUS Ch 500 C mhzu |Pzu \k (a) _

kv AS (a) C2 N-1 m-2

(d) N C-2 m-2

1 T mhzvx ES \UPkP GsoUP (a) 1.129 10

Physics M.PALANICHAMY, M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS,

12 -PHY-TM GUIDE (19 / 56)

E GUmP x voUPk v\P Cz v\P Gk.

sle<hiMgt<!)2!lx<Xl<!)3!zqVf<K! m I t nz<zK! m q we!nxqbzil</