Copper and Silver Nitrate- Mike Liu Objective- To determine if the copper reacted was copper (I) or copper

(II) ProcedureWeigh a Packet containing silver nitrate and transfer the AgNo3 into a small 50 mL beaker containing 15 ml of distilled water. Mix until dissolved and weigh the paper. Make a copper wire assembly and weigh it. Transfer AgNO3 to a large test tube. Wash the Beaker twice with 5 ml of distilled water, transferring the washings to a test tube. Wait 30 minutes while observing the reaction. After 30 minutes are up, weigh a piece of filter paper and filter the silver. Discard the filtrate and wash the filter paper twice with distilled water. Place the silver and filter paper in a small beaker, and put it on a window sill. Place the copper wire on a paper towel and weigh both the silver and copper wire during the next day. Observations1. Copper turns a bluish silver color and fuzz begins to form on the copper 2. Flakes start to fall off from the fuzz 3. Solution is now a light blue 4. There is a little bit of vapor condensing on the side of the test tube 5. Edge of copper is darkening after 30 minutes 6. Fuzz is brown in some areas while in others, silver 7. Solution is now a dark blue

DataDescription Mass 2.47g

Mass of packet and Silver Nitrate Paper Mass 0.51g 0.73g

Filter Paper Mass Silver Nitrate Mass Copper Wire Mass

2.47g-0.51g=1.96g 2.54g 2.17g

Post reaction Copper Wire Mass filter paper and silver Mass 2.04g Silver Mass 2.04g-0.73g=1.31g

Copper in solution Conclusion-

2.54g-2.17g=0.37g

The Copper used in this chemical reaction was Copper II. This can be found when comparing the molar ratios of each compound and element to both the Copper I and Copper II equations. The ratios in the Copper I equation are 1 mole Cu:1 mole AgNO3=1 mole Ag:1mole CuNO3 while the ratio for Copper II equation is 1 mole Cu:2 moles Ag=2 moles Ag:1 mole Cu(NO3)2. After calculating the ratios of AgNO3: Cu=1.97 moles AgNO3/1 mole Cu, Ag: Cu=2.08 moles Ag/1 mole Cu, and Ag:AgNO3=1 mole Ag/1 mole AgNO3, all of them match to the Copper II equation. Even though the ratios for AgNO3: Cu and Ag: Cu arent exactly a 2:1 ratio, they are much closer to the Copper II molar ratios than the 1:1 ratios of Copper I.

There were a few experimental errors that might have occurred in this experiment that would have caused the molar ratios to be a bit off. When cleaning the Silver in the filter paper, some pieces of the filter paper were sticking to the Silver, adding error to the mass of the silver. Even though the water was distilled, it cant be 100% pure, so side reactions taking place could have thrown off the mass of the products, including the silver. Further errors included the balance constantly switching between 2 values for the mass, and us choosing the smaller value. Questions1. We washed the beaker with distilled water to make sure all of the Silver nitrate dissolved in solution was emptied into the test tube. In addition, the amount of silver nitrate that could have dissolved in the water could have reached its maximum already, so adding more water would ensure that all the silver nitrate was dissolved. Undissolved silver nitrate could have stuck to the edge of the beaker, causing the mass of the silver nitrate measured beforehand to be exact. Distilled water also has already been filtered of elements that could cause side reactions than the silver nitrate reaction we want. 2. It was necessary to wash the silver with distilled water to make sure all of the copper nitrate solution was completely removed. This was to make sure the mass measurements would be accurate. Dust particles and other materials could have gathered on the silver as well. 3. In calculations