PROMOTER

(beta)-actin promoter Simian virus 40 T antigen promoter

GENE EXPRESSION IN
Many tissues of the transgenic animal Many tissues of the transgenic animal

Adipocyte P2 promoter
Myosin light-chain promoter Amylase promoter

Fat cells
muscle Acinar pancreas

Insulin promoter
Beta-lactoglobin promoter

Islets of Langerhans beta cells

Mammary glands

In pharming expression in the mammary glands is usually desired as this leads to the appearance of the product in the milk of the animal very convinient.

GENETIC ALTERATION

METHOD OF ALTERATION

HUMAN DISEASE EQUIVALENT

Introduction of mutant Nuclear microinjection Osteogenesis collagen gene into of inducible minigene imperfecta wildtype mice Inactivation of mouse gene encoding hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) Mutation at locus for X-linked muscular dystrophy Introduction of activated humanras and c-myc oncogenes Insertion of retrovirus into HPRT locus in embryonic stem cells Male mutagenesis followed by identification of emale carriers Nuclear microinjection of inducible minigene HPRT deficiency X-linked muscular dystrophy Induction of malignancy

Mutation at locus for X-linked muscular dystrophy

Male mutagenesis X-linked muscular followed by dystrophy identification of emale carriers Nuclear microinjection Induction of of inducible minigene malignancy

Introduction of activated humanras and c-myc oncogenes Intoduction of mutant (Z)allele of human alpha -1-antitrypsin gene Introduction of HIV tat gene Introduction of betaglobin sickle gene

Microinjection of DNA Neonatal hepatitis fragment bearing mutant allele Microinjection of DNA Kaposis sarcoma fragment Microinjection Sickle-cell anaemia

Introduction of mouse Microinjection renin gene

Hypertension

Introduction of (beta)- Microinjection amyloid protein precursor (APP gene)

Alzheimers disease