 Particularistic values are those values

ascribed to you by your family. So in your

family you are seen as child and have
particular rules ascribed to you
 Universalistic values are those you learn at

school about the rules of society which

apply to everyone.
 Parsons said school acts as a bridge

between these two values

 Because school is a basic need of society.
Without school functionalists argue people
wouldn’t be socialised into the universalistic
norms and values of society. Functionalists
say the hidden curriculum in schools
provide the method of socialisation.
 As functionalists Davis and Moore referred
to the division of labour as a means of
selecting the right people for the right job.
 By grading people either through exam

results or streaming the right people are

being guided towards the right job
 The formal curriculum is all the subjects you
are taught at school. This is more commonly
known as the National Curriculum for state
schools.
 The hidden curriculum is everything you

learn outside the formal curriculum such as

the routines of school life like wearing a
uniform, following a timetable, obeying
teachers etc
 Because school is an institution which
prevents the working-classes from rebelling
against their exploitation, because school
passes on ruling class ideology, like
meritocracy, which the working-classes
accept. Also it selects people to work on
behalf of the ruling class. By doing well at
school certain people get rewarded with
better jobs so they can boss the working
classes around.
 They said school resembles the ‘long
shadow of work’.
 This means schools, through the Marxist

view of the hidden curriculum replicate

relationships in the workplace. And through
this process schools legitimize inequalities
in society