PHAN I

LY
THUYET

Trang 1

Chng 1: MACH LOC TCH CC

1.1Ham truyen co ap ng phang toi a:
Con goi la ham Butterworth. Khi bac cua bo loc tang len, tan
so cat khong thay oi, nhng o doc cua bo loc tang dan en
ly tng. Khi thiet ke cac bo loc bac cao: 3, 4, 5 ta da vao bang
cac ham Butterworth a chuan hoa.
1.2

Mach loc tch cc bac nhat

a- Mach loc thong thap bac nhat: LTT1

R1

+
-

C1
R3

V2(S)

R2

Bo khuech
ai o ao
Ham truyen: H( S) =

A V0
V2 ( S)
=
V1( S) 1+ R 1C1S

(1)

H(S)
AV0
C

0
A V 0 = 1+

(2)

1
R 2C1

C1
R2
R1

+
-

C =

R2
R3

Bo khuech ai ao

Trang 2

(3)

Ham truyen: H( S) =

(1)

R2
R1

(2)

1
R 2C1

(3)

A V0 =
C =

A V0
V2 ( S)
=
V1( S) 1+ R 2C1S

b- Mach loc thong cao bac nhat

R2
C1

Ham truyen:

H( S) =

+
-

R1

V2 ( S)
=
V1( S)

H(S)

V2(S)

A V0
1
1+
C1R1S

(1)

AV0

A V0 =
t =
1.3

R2
R1

(2)

1
R1C1

1
=
Mach loc tch cc bac1hai
C1R1
C
1

a- Mach LTT2

C2

R
C2

+
-

R
V1(S)

(3)

V2(S)

Mach hoi tiep am mot vong

AV0 = 1

(1)
Trang 3

 20 =

(2)

2
2 0C1

C2 =

(3)

1
R 2C1

(4)

2
0

V1(S)

R1
C2

R2

C1
+
-

R=

1
R C1C 2
2

R3

V2(S)

Mach hoi tiep am 2 vong

A V0 =
20 =

R2
R1

(1)

1
C1C 2R 2R 3

Neu chon:

(2)

C 2 4b2 (1+ A V 0 )
=
C1
b12

(3)

R2 =

b1
4f0C1

(4)

R1 =

R2
A V0

(5)

R3 =

b2
4 f C1C 2R 2

(6)

2 2
0

C2
R1

R2

C1

V1(S)

R3

V2(S)

R4

Mach LTT2 dung hoi tiep dng

Trng hp 1: AV0 = 1 (R3 = 0).

Trang 4

Neu chon

C 2 4b2
= 2
C1
b1

(1)

b1
4f0C1

(2)

Th R1 = R 2 =
20 =

1
R 1R 2C1C2

(3)

Trng hp 2: R1 = R2 = R; C1 = C2 = C; AV0 1.

0 =

1
RC
R3
R4

(2)

R3
= 2 2 = 0,59
R4

(3)

A V 0 = 3 2 = 1+

(1)

b- Mach LTC2
R2
V1(S) C
1

C2

R1

+
-

R3

V2(S)

R4

dung
tiep
Trng hp 1: Bo
AV0 =LTC
1 va
C1 =hoi
C2 =
C. dng
20 =

1
C R 1R 2

(1)

R1 =

2
0C

(2)

R2 =

R1
2

(3)

Trng hp 2: C1 = C2 = C; R1 = R2 = R;

Trang 5

0 =

1
RC
R3
= 3 2
R4

(2)

R3
= 2 2 = 0,59
R4

(3)

A V 0 = 1+

(1)

c- Mach LTD2:
V1(S) R1

R3

C1

+
-

C2

R2

V2(S)

Bo LTD hoi tiep am 2

vong
Xet trng hp C1 = C2 = C ta co:
f0 =

R1 + R1
1
1
=
2C R1R 2R 3 2C R'R 3

A V0 =

(1)

R
Q
= 3
R1C 0 2R 1

(2)

Q=

1
1 R 3 ( R1 + R 2 )
0R 3C =
2
2
R1R 2

(3)

D=

f0
1
=
Q R 3C

(4)
H
Q

min

max

D
R'=

R1R 2
R1 + R 2

(5)
Trang 6

ieu kien: A0L > 2Q2.

R2
C2
R1

+
-

C1

LTD bac 2
Ham truyen: H( S) =

Z2
SC1R 2
=
Z1 (1+ SC1R1 )(1+ SC2R 2 )

(1)

H(dB)
A

f3

40d
B
f
f2

f1

f1 =

1
2R1C1

(2)

f2 =

1
2R 2C 2

(3)

f3 =

1
2C1R 2

(4)

A V 0 ( dB) = 10lg

f1
f3

Trang 7

Chng 2: KHUECH AI CONG SUAT CAO TAN

(KCSCT)
2.1

Goc cat cua bo KCSCT:

iC
ib
D

Imax
t Imax

Vb
C
A 0 V B
Vmin
Vmax
Vm
Vm

t0
T

Hnh 2-1 Dang ac tuyen ong va gian

o thi gian cua dong ien
che o T
C t
0
Goc cat tnh theo o: 0 = 1800
T

(1)

Cac thanh phan dong ien ra c tnh da theo he so phan

giai xung dong ien ra cua Transistor:
-

Thanh phan trung bnh mot chieu:

I 0 = I max. 0 ( ) = I m 0 ( )

Thanh phan hai bac nhat:

I 1 = I max. 1( ) = I m 1( )

Thanh phan hai bac n:

I n = I max. n ( ) = I m n ( )

2.2Cac mode
Transistor

hoat

ong

cua

bo

0 =
hFE
0,707
0

KCSCT

lp

dung

hfe

1
0

0,3f

fthap

ftrungbnh

3f fT
fcao

Dai tan so lam viec cua Transistor c chia lam 3 oan:

Trang 8

- f0 f: tan so thap, cac tham so c coi la khong thay oi;

hfe = 0;

- 0,3f f0 3 f: tan so trung bnh, cac tham so cua Transistor

thay oi va xuat hien ien tr ky sinh (rbb), ien dung ky

sinh (Cbe, Cbc)
0

1+ 0

hfe
f
1+ 0
f

(3)

- f0 3 f: tan so cao, cac tham so cua Transistor thay oi, xuat

hien rbb, Cbe, Cbc va cac iem cam ky sinh Lks.
= j 0

= j 0

(4)

f0

Trong giao trnh ien t thong tin chu yeu chung ta se

nghien cu bo KCSCT tan so thap va tan so trung bnh
va ch xet che o kem ap. (Transistor nh mo nguon
dong)
2.3

Bo KCSCT dung Transistor

1. Bo KCSCT dung Transistor che o kem ap mac

Emitter chung.
Cng
Rn Cng
Lch
Lch
LC
CC
+
R
en
b
C
Cng
RE ng
VBB-

In

R1

rbe

Cbe L
C

C*be C M

|hfe|ib

Rt1 CC

Cac bc thiet ke bo KCSCT khi cha ke en anh hng cua

mach ghep au vao va au ra (Chu y: cac bc thiet ke
khong nhat thiet theo trnh t a ra)
0- Xac nh pham vi lam viec cua Transistor theo (2-2) e ve s
o tng ng tn hieu nho cho ung.

1- VCC = (0,5 0,8)VCEmax cho phep

2- Chon goc cat: = 600 900
Trang 9

3- Chon he so li dung ien ap: 1 = 0,85 0,95 = VCm1/VCC.

4- Xac nh bien o hai bac nhat tren Collector: VCm1 = 1VCC.
5- Xac nh cac dong ien:
I Cm1

I 'n =

1 ( )

; I n = I 'n [1+ T C b'c 1( ) R t1 ]

i B = I 'n cost I BO ; I 'n = I bm; I BO =

I CO
*

; I CO =

*
*
b'e
6- C'*b = C*b'e + C*M ; C b'e = ( ) ; C M =
1

C'*b =

0 ( )
I Cm1
1( )

T C b'eC b'cR t1 1( )
1 ( )

C b'e [1+ T C b'cR t 1( ) ]

1( )

ZiEC =

*
1

*
C
=
C
1
+

1( )
;
b'e
b'c
*
jC b'

Neu ke ca rbe ta co: ZiEC = rbe//ZiEC

Neu rbe >> ZiEC ta co ZiEC ZiEC
Neu rbe so sanh c vi ZiEC ta co:
ZiEC =

rb'e
1+ ( rb'eC b'e 0 )

rb'e

1+ 0

7- Bien o ien ap kch thch vao: Vbm1 = In|ZiEC|

8- Cong suat vao cua nguon kch thch:
Pi =

1 2
I 'n . ZiEC
2

9- Xac nh tr khang nguon tng ng

n = R nC b'e
= rb'eC b'e =

1 hfe
=
T

e dong ien au vao khong b meo th: n =

Trang 10

hfe
1
=
T C b'e C b'e

Rn =

Rn

Zn =

1+ 0

10-

Thien ap Base
*

VB VBE I 'n Zn 0 ( )
*

0,7 I 'n Zn 0 ( )
*

VCm1
I Cm1

11-

ien tr tai tng ng: ZL = R t =

12-

Cong suat nguon cung cap: PCC = ICOVCC.

13-

Cong suat hu ch tren tai

PL =

2
1
1
1 VCm
1
VCm1I Cm1 = I 2Cm1R t =
2
2
2 R t

14-

Cong suat tieu tan tren Collector: PC = PCC PL.

15-

Hieu suat cua mach: =

PL
1 ()
= 1
PCC 2 0 ()

Trong thc te thng cong suat ra tren tai c biet trc nen
ta co the tnh cac bc 0 4, 13, 11, 5, . . .
2. Bo KCSCT dung Transistor che o kem ap mac
Base chung.
ie
Rn

In
*

C*be

Cbc L
C

rb'e
h1fe

|h*fb|ie

C b'e
2
0 ; C*b'e =
; ZiEC =

jC*b'e
( )
1+

Cac bc thiet ke tng t nh tren.

Trang 11

Rt1 CC

16. f0 =

*
vi C C = C b'c + C'C

L C CC

Rt1 = 0Q0LC L C =
CC =

R t1
vi Q0 = 50 100
0Q 0

1
C'C = C C C b'c
4 f L C
2 2
0

Neu au vao bo KCSCT co mach cong hng L b, Cb th ta

cung xac nh tng t nh tren vi:
f0 =

1
L bC b

; Rt1 = 0Q0LC; C b =

1
4 f L b
2 2
0

C b = C*b' + C'b vi C*b tnh theo bc 6 tren.

2.4

Bo nhan tan dung Transistor

Cng

Lch

Lch
Lb

Lb

Cb

Cng

LC

+ Rb
C
RE ng
VBB-

Rt1 C
b

ib
rbe

C*be

CC

Cng

|h*fe|ib

LC

Rt2

CC

Muc ch cua bo nhan tan:

-

Nang cao tan so song mang

M rong thang tan so lam viec

Nang cao ch so ieu che trong may phat FM

- Nang cao o on nh tan so v khong co hien tng hoi

tiep ky sinh qua Cbc do tan so hoat ong au vao va au ra
khac nhau.

Tan so cong hng au vao:

V = 0 =

*
vi C b'e =

1
L bC b

vi C b = C'b + C*b'e

C b'e
; R t1 = 0Q 01L b
( )
Trang 12

Tan so cong hng au ra:

ra = k 0 =

L C CC

; R tn = k 0Q 02L C

Goc cat toi u cua bo nhan tan dung Transistor

T =

180
; k: he so nhan tan cua bo nhan
k

Cac bc thiet ke cua bo nhan tan:

0- Xac nh pham vi lam viec cua Transistor theo (2-2)

1- VCC = (0,5 0,8)VCEmax cho phep

2- Chon goc cat toi u: T =

180
k

3- Chon he so li dung ien ap:

k = 1 =0,85 0,95 = VCm1/VCC = VCmk/VCC
VCmk = kVCC
4- Xac nh xung dong hai bac k
*

ICmk = k ( ) .I'm = k ( ) .I bm1

5- Xac nh cong suat hu ch tren tai ng vi hai bac k
PLk =

1
1 k ( )
1 k
1 k
I CmkVCmk =
I Cm1VCm1 =
PL 1 =
PL 1
2
2 1( )
2 1
2 1

6- ien tr cong hng tng ng cua mach ra ng vi hai

bac k:

R tk =

VCmk
VCm1

=
= 1 R t1
I Cmk k
k
I Cm1
1

7- Hieu suat cua bo nhan tan:

k =

PLk
; vi PCC = ICO.VCC
PCC

8- Do khong co hien tng hoi tiep qua Cbc nen

I n = I 'n = I bn =

I Cm1
*

1( )

I Cmk
*

k ( )
Trang 13

iB = Incost IBO vi

I BO =

I CO
*

1 0 ( )
.
I Cmk
*
k ( )

9- Tr khang vao cua tang

ZiEC =

1
Cb'e
C*b' =
* ; vi
1 ( )
jC b'

Neu ke ca rbe ta co ZiEC = rbe//ZiEC (tnh nh tren)

10-

Bien o ien ap kch thch vao: Vbm1 = In|ZiEC|

11-

Cong suat cua nguon kch thch: Pi =

12-

Zn , VB , PC tnh nh bo KCSCT

13-

Tnh mach cong hng vao:

0 =
14k 0 =

1
L bC b

*
; vi C b = C b'e + C'b ; L b =

R t1
0Q 01

Tnh mach cong hng ra

1
L C CC

; vi L C =

R tn
k 0Q 02

Trang 14

1 2
I n ZiEC
2

Chng 3: CAC MACH TAO DAO ONG

3.1

Cac van e chung ve mach tao dao ong

- Bo tao dao ong tan so thap, trung bnh: dung bo khuech
ai thuat toan + RC hoac dung Transistor + RC.

- Bo tao dao ong tan so cao: 0,3f f0 3f dung Transistor

+ LC hoac dung Transistor + thach anh

- Bo tao dao ong tan so sieu cao: dung Diode Tunel, Diode
Gunn.
- Cac tham so c ban cua mach dao ong: tan so dao ong,
bien o ien ap ra, o on nh tan so, cong suat ra, hieu
suat.
- Trong chng 3 ta ch xet mach dao ong LC, dao ong thach
anh va ch xet ieu kien dao ong cua mach
Bo khuech ai A

V1

V2

Bo hoi tiep
- He so khuech ai cua bo khuech ai
*

A = A exp( j A ) =

V2
*

V1
*

+ Modul he so khuech ai: A =

V2
*

V1
+ A goc di pha cua bo khuech ai.
- He so truyen at cua bo hoi tiep
*

= exp( j ht )
*

+ Modul he so hoi tiep: =

V1
*

V2
+ B goc di pha cua bo hoi tiep

- ieu kien pha e mach dao ong: = B + B = 0,2

Trang 15

- ieu kien bien bo e mach dao ong: A . 1

3.2

Bo dao ong LC dung Transistor

a-

Mach tao dao ong 3 iem C kieu Colpits mac EC

Lch
+V
CC

Cng

R2
E
R1

Cbe

RE

C1

C
L Vk

C2

Cng

B
C

C1

C2

Rb = R1//R2; Rb = Rb//rbe rbe

Cbe

Vk

B
(neu Rb >> rbe)

Cac bc thiet bo tao dao ong 3 iem C:

1- Xac nh pham vi tan so lam viec cua mach
2- Xac nh ieu kien pha
X 1 = X BE =

1
1
< 0 ; X 2 = X CE =
< 0;
C 2
C1

X3 = XCB = L > 0
3- Xac nh he so hoi tiep
=

VBE
C
1 = n
VCE
C2

(1)

- Ta thng biet f0, L t o suy ra:

C t =

C1C 2
1
=
4 f L C1 + C 2

(2)

2 2
0

n co the tnh theo cong thc (3-45) nhng nhieu khi khong u
d lieu e tnh

Neu mach lam viec tan so thap ta co the chon

n = 0,01 0,05, t o tnh C1, C2.
Trang 16

- Neu mach lam viec tan so trung bnh, e mach hoat ong
o nh ta chon: C2 = 10Cbe C2 = 11Cbe roi t (2) tnh C1, thay
vao (1) tnh n
4- He so khuech ai cua s o mac EC
A = SZC =

h21e 2
h
p R K // 11

h11e
n2

(3)

- tan so thap: h21e = hfe, h11e = hie = rbe

hfe

- tan so trung bnh:

| h21e |=

1
2
0 ; rb'e =
2f .C b'e
1+

- Rk = 0LQ0 thng biet trc 0, L, Q0

-

(4)

p: he so ghep au ra cua Transistor vi khung cong hng

p=

VCE
VK

C1C 2
C + C2
C2
1
= 1
=
=
C1
C1 + C 2 1+ n

(5)

5- ieu kien bien o e mach dao ong: A . 1

b-

Mach tao dao ong 3 iem C kieu Colpits mac BC

C1

Cng

R1

RE

C2

R2

L
Cbe

Vk

+VCC

C1
C2

L
Cbe

Trang 17

Vk

(6)

Gia thiet RE >> hib

-

Bc 1 va 2 lam nh tren, thng mach mac BC lam viec

tan so thap.

- Bc 3: He so hoi tiep: p = VCE

VK

C1C 2
C + C2
C1
= 1
=
C2
C1 + C 2

Neu mach lam viec tan so thap ta co the chon n =

0,1

0,5; t o tnh C1, C2 v Ct thng tnh c.

Neu mach lam viec tan so trung bnh, tnh nh tren

- Bc 4: A = SZC =

h21b 2
h
p R K // 11

h11b
n2

tan so thap: h21b 1, h11b = hie/hfe

tan so trung bnh:
*

| h21b |=

*
1
2
0 ; h11b =
2fT C b'e

1+
T

Rk tnh nh tren.

He so ghep au ra cua Transistor vi khung cong

hng:
p=

VBC VBC
=
=1
VK
VBC
*

- Bc 5: ieu kien bien o e mach dao ong: A . 1

c-

Mach tao dao ong 3 iem C kieu Clapp mac EC

Lch
+VCC
Cng

R2

C
E

R1

Cbe

RE

Cng

C1

C0

C2

C
C1
E
L Vk
Trang
C2 18C0
B

Vk

- Cac bc thiet ke tng t nh mach dao ong 3 iem C kieu

Colpits mac EC, ch khac ve Ct va he so ghep p cua
Transistor vi khung cong hng.
f0 =

1
2 LC t

vi

1
1
1
1
=
+
+
C t C1 C 2 C 0

Neu ta chon C1, C2 >> C0 th Ct Co khi o nhanh cong hng

noi tiep L, C0 se quyet nh tan so cong hng cua mach
va mach se on nh tan so hn
V

CE
t
0
- He so ghep p: p = V = C1 C
K
1

d-

Mach tao dao ong 3 iem C kieu Clapp mac BC

Lch
+VCC
C
R2

C1

Cng

Vk

C0

C2

RE

R1

B
C
E
RE

C1

C2

Vk

C0

B
Cac bc thiet ke tng t nh mach dao ong 3 iem C kieu
Colpits mac BC, ch khac ve Ct va he so ghep p.

- Khi biet f0, L ta tnh c Ct, ta se chon C0 ln hn Ct mot chut

v du: Ct = 25pF th ta chon C0 = 30pF.

- He so ghep p:

3.3

p=

VBC
C t
C + C2
=
= C t 1
C1C2
VK
C1C 2
C1 + C 2

Cac mach dao ong dung thach anh

a-

S o tng ng cua thach anh

Trang 19

- Lq, Cq, rq la L, C, r cua thach anh (rq = 0)

- Cp: ien dung gia (Cp = 10 100pF) (Cq = 0,01 0,1pF)

Lq
Cp

rq
Cq
1

- Tan so cong hng noi tiep: q = L C

q q
-

Tan so cong hng song song:

1

p =
Lq
-

(1)

C qC p
Cq + Cp

q
Cp

= q 1+

Cq + Cp

Cq

q 1+
2C
Cp
p

Cq

Tr khang tng cua thach anh:

Zq = Xq = j 0Lt

(3)
2

Vi L t =

1

q

20 C p + C q 0 C p

(4)

e thay oi tan so cong hng rieng cua thach anh ta

mac CS noi tiep vi thach anh:

CS

TA

2
1 C q + C p + C S 0 L qC q ( C p + C S )
Zt =
jC S
C p + C q 20L qC qC p

(5)

khi o tan so cong hng noi tiep cua mach se la

f 'q = fq 1+

Cq

(6)

C p + CS

f 1 C q

fq 2 C p + C s
Trang 20

e giam anh hng cua Cp ngi ta mac tu C0 song

Cq
fq neuC 0 >> C p
song vi Cq fp = fq 1+
C0 + Cq
bMach tao dao ong dung thach anh vi tan so
cong hng song song

Cng

Lch

R2

R1

Cng

+VCC

C1
RE

Cng

C2

LTA

C1
LtTA

C2

e mach dao ong theo kieu 3 iem C kieu Colpits, thach

anh phai tng ng nh cuon cam, ngha la: q < 0 < p
Thc te 0 p nhng e tnh toan n gian do p q ta coi
p + q
(1)
0 =
2

Cq

p = q 1+
2C
p

(2)
jXq
Lt
q
0

Ct
Biet 0 , Cq, Cp ta tnh c q

Ct

1
ien cam rieng cua thach anh: L q = 2 .C
q
q

ien cam tng ng cua thach anh:

Trang 21

(3)

1

q
L t = 2
0 C p + C q 20L qC qC p

(4)

ZtTA = j 0L t

(5)
C t =

C1C 2
1
=
L t C1 + C 2

(6)

2
0

Cac phan con lai tnh toan tng t nh mach dao ong 3
iem C kieu Colpits mac EC.
C1
C2

RE

TA
Mach B.C

Ap dung cac cong thc (1) (6) tren va cac cong thc
trong mach dao ong 3 iem C kieu Colpits mac BC.

Khi tu CS mac noi tiep vi thach anh no ong vai tro nh

tu C0 trong mach dao ong 3 iem C kieu Clapp. Khi tnh Lt, Ct ta
se chon CS ln hn Ct mot chut, roi tnh C1, C2 nh cac mach
tren.
cMach tao dao ong dung thach anh vi tan so
cong hng noi tiep
Trong loai mach nay thach anh
ong vai tro mach hoi tiep. Ch ung
tai tan so cong hng noi tiep cua
thach anh th Zq 0 khi o B B va
mach se hoat ong nh 3 iem C kieu
Colpits hoac Clapp va cung co the
mac EC hay BC

Z3

Z2

B
Z1

D2
R2

3.4

R1
D1
Mach tao dao ong RC
-

n gian va thong dung +nhat la mach dao ong cau Wiew

R
Vin

Trang 22
Vout

1
RC

Tan so dao ong: =

ieu kien dao ong ve bien o: A . = A . + 1

+
Ma =

*
1
nen A = 3
3
*

Mat khac A = 1+

R1
= 3 R 1 = 2R 2
R2

Trang 23

Chng 4: IEU CHE TNG T

4.1

ieu bien
aPho cua tn hieu ieu bien va quan he nang
lng trong
V ieu bien.

t
Vo

t
VAM

V0

VAM

0 -

0 0 +

V(t) = Vcost

(1)

V0(t) = V0cos 0t

(2)

VAM(t) = V0(1+mcost)cos 0t

(3)

m=

V
(< 1)
V0

(4)

VAM ( t) = V0 cos 0t +

mV0
mV0
cos( 0 + ) t +
cos( 0 ) t
2
2

Cong suat tai tin: P0 =

V02
2R L

mV0
Cong suat hai bien tan: P
2

bt = P 0

Trang 24

(6)
m2
2

(7)

 m2

= P0 + Pbt = P0 1+
2

Cong suat ieu bien: PAM

He so li dung cong suat: k =

Cong suat ieu bien ln nhat: PAM max = P0 (1+ m)

(10)

Pbt
PAM

(8)

(9)
2

ay la ieu kien e chon Transistor sao cho

PAMmax < PCmax
b-

ieu bien Collector

ien ap Collector bien oi theo ien ap am tan:

(11)

VCC = VCC + V cost

vi =

VCm1
1
VCC

e am bao Transistor khong b anh thung, phai thoa

man ieu kien: V0 + V VCE max = BVCEO
(12)

( 2) V0 + mV0 = V0 (1+ m) VCC (1+ m) 2VCC VCE maxoi vi ieu

bien th VCC 0,5VCE max

(13)

Neu au ra cua mach ieu bien la mach loc co hieu

suat CH th ieu bien Collector co cong suat nh la:
P0 (1+ m)
PC maxchophep
CH
2

P'AM max =

(14)

ay la ieu kien e chon Transistor co PCmax cho phep

e thiet ke bo ieu bien Collector ta se tien hanh theo
hai phan nh sau:
PA
PAM
P0 =
CH
m2 khi a biet P0
Cho trc
1+

ta tien hanh cac bc thiet ke nh oi vi mach KCSCT

(muc 2-3)
PAm PAM =

Thiet ke phan ieu bien: V = mV0 = mVCm1

Pho cua ieu bien VAM ( t) (theo 3) va ve pho

Trang 25

4.2

Tnh cong suat hai bien tan (theo 7).

Tnh he so li dung cong suat k (theo 9).

Kiem tra ieu kien ien ap (theo 12)

Kiem tra ieu kien cong suat (theo 14).

ieu tan va ieu pha

a-

Quan he gia ieu tan va ieu pha

Dao ong ieu hoa song mang:

V0 ( t) = V0 cos( 0t + 0 ) = V0 cos( t)

(1)

Tn hieu ieu che am tan: V ( t) = V cost

Tn hieu ieu tan

(2)

sint + 0
FM: VFM ( t) = V0 cos 0t +

(3)

Trong o: ( t) = 0 + cost

(4)

Vi : lng di tan cc ai
Ch so ieu tan: mf = k

V
=
; he so ty le

(5)

Tn hieu ieu pha PM:

VPM ( t) = V0 cos[ 0t + cost + 0 ]

(6)

Trong o: ( t) = 0 + cost

(7)

Vi : lng di pha cc ai
Ch so ieu pha: mp = kV =

(8)

vi k: he so ty le

Quan he gia o di tan va o di pha:

d( )
= ..sint
In(m)
dt

(9)

I0 can biet tn hieu ieu tan FM se tm

T 3, 6, 9 ta nhan thay ch
I1
c tn hieu ieu pha PM va ngc
lai.
I
2

b-

Pho cua tn hieu ieu tan va ieu pha

0 -
0 0 + + 2
0 0 - 2
t
Trang 26 0
I1

Khi ch tnh cac thanh phan Im(mf) 0,01I0(mf)

th be rong dai tan cua tn hieu ieu tan chiem la:

D FM = 2 mf + mf + 1 max

(1)
Khi mf > 1 ta co bieu thc gan ung:

DFM 2mfmax 2

(2)

goi la ieu tan bang rong

Khi mf < 1 DFM 2max

(3)

Goi la ieu tan bang hep

e mf const khi tan so thay oi pha phat
phai co mach pre-emphasis va pha thu co mach de-emphasis.

c-

ieu tan bang Varicap

RD
CD

C V = C in

+ e

(1)

Cin: ien dung ban au khi e = 0

: hieu ien the tiep xuc si

0,7V
+

n: he so phu thuoc loai varicap

1 1
n = , ,1,2.
3 2
+

e = Vpc + e
Trang 27

(2)

vi Vpc: ien ap phan cc ban au cho varicap

e = V cost + V0 cos 0t

(3)

CV

VC1
V
Trong thcC0 te ta phai tm moi
VC2
cach e giam anh hng cua ien ap cao
tan tren varicap,
Vpc
khi o: e = V cost
(4)
V
0

chuan hoa: x =

CV 0

= C in

+ Vpc

Goi ien ap AC tren varicap a

e
+ Vpc

V
(5)

(6)

C V = (1+ x) C V 0
n

(7)

Tuy theo cach mac varicap

vao khung cong hng ta co the tnh gan ung o di tan do
varicap gay ra theo ien ap ieu che V.

CV0

C3
CV0
b

CV0

C4
c

V
fa 0,5nf0

+ Vpc

(8)

V C V 0
fb 0,5nf0

+ Vpc C V 0 + C3

(9)

Trang 28

 V C V 0
fc 0,5nf0

+ Vpc C V 0 + C 4

(10)

Mac Varicap n:
+VCC
Ra

LK

R2

R
Cng

R1

Lch

RE

CV0

C
C
R

RE

LK

CV0
B

VCC
V
th VRE = CC tao phan cc ngc cho varicap. ien
2
2
tr R thng c chon vai tram k. Do dong tren R bang 0 nen VR
= 0V. e thiet ke mach ieu tan varicap can tien hanh 2 phan
Neu chon VCEQ =

Phan th nhat: thiet ke

e mach thoa man ieu kien dao ong ve pha va bien o
(giong phan 3-2-b).

Phan th hai: thiet ke

mach ieu tan varicap. Tuy theo cach mac varicap vao khung
cong hng theo s o a, b, c ma chon cong thc (8) hoac (9)
hoac (10) e tnh V = f ( f ) .
+

Tnh f1 = f0 - f C td1 =

1
CV1
4 f L

Tnh f2 = f0 - f C td2 =

1
CV2
4 f L

2 2
1

2 2
2

Lch

Cng
CV1
Ve ac tuyen CV = f(V).

VR
Mac varicap ay keo:Lch

R2

CV2 L

V
Cng

29
RTrang
RE
1

E
C2
C1

Cng

+VCC

C
C2

RE

E
C1

CV2

CV1

Lch
V

S o mac varicap ay keo Btriet tieu c hoan toan song cao

tan tren varicap nen cac cong thc 8, 9, 10 tren c tnh chnh
C V1C V 2
C
C
= V1 = V 2 neu C V1 = C V 2 . Ve ly thuyet
xac hn. C V 0 =
C V1 + C V 2
2
2
C V 0 (1 100pF) , tren thc te gia tr hay gap C V 0 = 10 50pF; v du
C V1 = C V 2 = 50pF C V 0 = 25pF .
Cac bc thiet ke c tien hanh nh 2 phan tren
d-

On nh tan so trung tam cua tn hieu ieu tan

Cac bien phap on nh tan so trung tam f0 c xep t n

gian en phc tap:
ieu tan trc tiep bang thach anh: o di tan
hep, ch dung trong phat thoai quoc te.
tan hep.

S dung thach anh lam bo dao ong: o di

On nh nguon cung cap, s dung cac ien

tr bu nhiet.
Ha thap tan so trung gian cua bo ieu tan
e nang cao o on nh tan so.
S dung he thong t ong ieu chnh tan
so AFC-F: ch ieu chnh tho.

S dung he thong t ong ieu chnh tan

so hon hp AFC-F va AFC-P: AFC-F ieu chnh tho, con AFC-P
ieu chnh tinh a f 0 .
Trang 30

Chng 5: VONG GI PHA PLL

5.1

Nhng u, khuyet iem cua vong gi pha PLL

u iem:
-

Kha nang lam viec tan so cao.

- S oc lap ve kha nang chon loc va ieu hng tan

so trung tam.

5.2

Nhng linh kien ben ngoai t.

De dang trong viec ieu hng

Khuyet iem:
-

S thieu thon thong tin ve bien o tn hieu.

T ong ieu chnh he so khuech ai kho.

S o khoi va nguyen ly hoat ong cua PLL

Vi(t) =
Visin it
Bo so
pha

Vp(t)

Vo(t) = Vocos( ot

LTT

Vd(t)

VCO

+ )
S o khoi cua PLL

Vong ieu khien pha co nhiem vu phat hien va ieu chnh

nhng sai sot ve tan so gia tn hieu vao va tn hieu ra,

ngha la PLL lam cho tan so ra 0 cua tn hieu song song bam
theo tan so vao i cua tn hieu vao.

Khi tn hieu vao a lot vao dai bat cua PLL, th tan so f0 cua
VCO se bam theo tan so vao i .

5.3

Mot so ng dung cua PLL.

-

Tach song tn hieu ieu tan.

Tach song tn hieu ieu bien.

Tong hp tan so.

Trang 31

Nhan tan so bang khoa hai PLL.

ieu che tan so (FSK) va ieu che pha (PSK).

ong bo tan so.

Bo loc bam theo thong dai hoac loc chan.

Trang 32

Chng 6: MAY PHAT

6.1

nh ngha va phan loai may phat

Mot so ch tieu ky thuat c ban cua may phat:

-

Cong suat ra cua may phat.

f
3
7
o on nh tan so: f = 10 10
0

Ch so ieu che AM (m), ch so ieu tan FM

(mf)
Dai tan so ieu che.

6.2

6.3

S o khoi tong quat cua cac loai may phat

bien (AM).

S o khoi tong quat cua may phat ieu

(SSB).

S o khoi tong quat cua may phat n bien

(FM).

S o khoi tong quat cua may phat ieu tan

S o khoi tong quat cua may phat FM stereo.

Cac mach ghep trong may phat

Yeu cau chung oi vi cac mach ghep.

Phoi hp tr khang.

am bao dai thong D.

am bao he so loc hai cao.

ieu chnh mach ghep.

Cac loai mach ghep c ban.

6.4

Ghep bien ap.

Ghep ho cam.

Ghep hai mach cong hng.

Cac mach loc c ban trong may phat

Trang 33

a- Mach loc n.
Ri

L
RL

Vi

He so pham chat cua mach vao:

Qi =

X L 0L
=
Ri
Ri

(1)

He so pham chat cua mach ra:

Q0 =

RL
= 0CR L
XC

(2)

He so pham chat tng ng cua mach:

Q t =

Qi xQ0
Qi + Q0

(3)

e truyen at cong suat ln nhat va ap tuyen tan

so bang phang nhat ta co Q i = Q 0 Qt =
loc cua mach: 0 =

1
LC

Qi
(4) vi tan so
2

(5)

b- Mach loc n.
Ri

L
C1

C2

RL

Vi

Khi mach oi xng C1 = C2 =C.

Qi = Q0 =

vi

0 =

RL
R
= i
XC XC

(1)

1
L

(2)

C
2
Trang 34

 Khi mach bat oi xng: C1 C2 ta co.

X C1 =

Ri + R
1
=
Qt
0C1

(1)

X C2 =

RL + R
1
=
Qt
0C 2

(2)

X L = X C1 + X C2

(3)

vi R = R i R L

(4)

Q t = Qi + Q0

(5)

c- Mach loc oi.

Ri

L2

L1
C1

C2

C3

RL

Vi

X C1 =

R i Qt + R
Q2t 1

(1)

X C2 =

X C1X C3
R

(2)

X C3 =

R L Q t + R
9
Q2t 1

(3)

R = Ri RL

(4)

X L 1 = X C1 + X C2

(5)

X L 2 = X C 2 + X C3

(6)

Q t =

Qi + Q0
2

(7)

Trang 35

Chng 7: MAY THU

7.1

nh ngha va phan loai may thu:

Mot so ch tieu ky thuat c ban cua may thu:

o nhay: bieu th kha nang thu tn hieu yeu cua may thu
ma van am bao:
+

Cong suat ra danh nh PL.

Ty so tn hieu tren nhieu (S/N).

o chon loc: la kha nang chen ep cac dang nhieu khong

A0
1
phai la tn hieu can thu: SE =
Af
+

7.2

7.3

Chat lng lap lai tin tc

S o khoi tong quat cua may thu:

+

S o khoi tong quat mach khuech ai trc tiep.

S o khoi tong quat mach oi tan AM va FM.

S o khoi tong quat mach n bien (SSB).

Mach vao may thu:

Mot so ch tieu ky thuat cua mach vao:

+

He so truyen at: A MV =

o chon loc SE =

Dai thong D (BW)

Tan oan lam viec.

V0
EA

A0
Af

(1)

(2)

a- Anh hng cua Anten hoac tang au en mach vao

g0

2
m2Ci m gi

Trang 36

Tan so cong hng cua mach vao: 0 =

ien dan tng ng luc cong hng:

1
LC

d
1
= g0 = d0 0C = 0
R t
0L
vi d0 =

(1)

(2)

1
he so ton hao
Q0

(3)

Khi co anh hng cua ien dan anten:

Y = ga + j 0C A

(4)

hoac ien dan cua mach vao tang khuech ai au:

Y = gi + j 0C A

(5)

ien dan tong ng cua mach cong hng tr thanh:

gt = g0 + m2gi

(6)

C t = C + m2C i

(7)

He so pham chat cua mach cong hng se giam t

Q0 xuong Qi theo quan he:
m2gi
d Q 0 gt
=
=
= 1+
d0
Q
g0
g0

(8)

2
Neu C = m C i (9) kha nho th o sai lech tan so cong
f0
1 C
1 m2C i

hng se la:
f0
2 C
2 C

Nguyen tac xac nh he so mac mach (m)

phep.

Mc tang ton hao khong vt qua gii han cho

S bien thien cua tham so anten va dan nap vao

tang au khong gay anh hng en ch tieu cua mach
vao.

Cac mach loc nhieu lot thang (nhieu tan so trung gian)

b- Cac mach ghep anten vi mach cong hng vao

+

f < 30MHz CA = 50 250pF; rA = 20 60.

Trang 37

7.4

f > 30MHz CA = 10 20pF; rA = 10.

Bo tron tan

Thc chat la mot tang khuech ai cao tang PF co hai tan so

vao khac nhau va au ra bo oi tan ta co vo so tan so
mfns nfth . V au ra bo oi tan ta at mot mach cong hng tai
tan so trung gian: ftg = fns fth

7.5

bang song trung va ngan: ftg = 455KHz

bang song FM: ftg = 10,7MHz

Tach song

a- Nhng ch tieu ky thuat c ban cua bo tach song

bien o.
V

0TS

He so truyen at: A TS = V = mV
iTS
0

(1)
V

iTS
Tr khang vao cua bo tach song: ZiTS = I
iTS

Meo phi tuyen: =

I 22m + I 32m + ...

I 1m

.100%

(2)

(3)

b- Tach song Diode

Tach song noi tiep: Da vao qua trnh phong nap cua
tu ta se co dang ien ap am tan a tach song tren
ien tr tai RL.

LK
+

CK

ieu kien e tu C loc tan so trung gian au

vao:
1
<< R
C
+

RC

(1)

ieu kien e RC khong gay meo tn hieu la:

1 m2
m

(2)

Trang 38

V vay trong thc te m 1 ( m 0,7 0,8)

R
2

ien tr vao tach song: R i =

e tnh R ta da vao bang sau:

SR

20

50

100

200

1000

ATS

0,75

0,84

0,89

0,93

0,98

Tach song song song t c dung do R i =

(3)

R
3

c- Tach song tan so

Yeu cau cua bo tach song tan so.
+

He so truyen at cao Smax ln: Sf =

dV0TS
df

ac tuyen truyen at phang trong mot pham vi

tan so rong.
+

ien ap vao khong can ln.

e V0TS = f ( f ) ma khong phu thuoc bien o ien

ap vao nen trc bo tach song tan so can co bo
han che bien o.
+

ac tuyen truyen at phai oi xng qua goc toa

o f ( f ) = f ( f )
+

Co 3 nguyen tac e thc hien tach song tan so.

Bien tn hieu vao FM thanh tn hieu AM, roi

dung tach song bien o e tach song thng dung
IC chuyen dung nh IC e tach song.
Bien tn hieu FM thanh tn hieu ieu che o
rong xung roi thc hien tach song tn hieu o rong
xung nh mot mach tch phan.
Lam cho tan so cua tn hieu FM bam theo tan
so VCO cua PLL, ien ap sai so chnh la ien ap can
tach song.

Trang 39

PHAN II

BAI TAP

Trang 40

Chng 1: MACH LOC TCH CC

Bai 1.3 Thiet ke bo LLT bac 2 co tan so cat tren f c = 1Khz, C1
= 0,1F, |Av0| = 1 trong hai trng hp:
1.

Bo LLT co hoi tiep dng.

2.

Bo LLT co hoi tiep am nhieu vong.

Bo LLT co hoi tiep dng.

C2
V1(S)

H(S) =

R1

+
-

R2
C1

V2(S)

1
1+ C1( R1 + R 2 ) 0S + 20C1C 2R1R 2S2

b2 =1

b1= 2

Chon:

C 2 4b2 4.1
= 2 =
=2
C1
2
b1

C2 = 2C1 = 2x0,1F = 0,2F

R1 = R 2 =

b1
2
=
1123

4f0C1 4.3,14.103107

Bo LLT hoi tiep am hai vong.

C1

R2
V1(S)

A v0 =

R1
C2

R3

+
-

R2
b1
= 1 R1 = R 2 =
R1
4f0C1

R1 = R 2 =

2
1122,6
4.3,14.103107

C 2 4b2 1+ A v0
4.1.2
=
=
=4
2
C1
2
b1
Trang 41

V2(S)

 C2 = 4C1 = 4x0,1F = 0,4F

R3 =

b2
2 2
4 f0 C1C 2R 2

1
557
4.10.10 10 .4.107.1122
,6
6

Bai 1.6 Thiet ke bo LLT bac 3 co tan so cat tren f c = 1Khz, C1

= 0,16F, Av0 = 3.
C
R2
R
.
V (S)

+
-

V1(S)

R1

V2(S)

+
-

R4

R5

R6

V cho moi C bang nhau nen ch co the dung bo LLT2 hoi

tiep dng 1 vong.
Theo bang Butterworth ta co: B3(S) = (S+1)(S2 + S + 1), (b22 = 1; b12
= 1).
R1 =

LLT1:

A v0 =

1
1
=
= 1K
3
C .C 6,28.10 .0,16.106

R2
= 3 R 2 = 3R1 = 3x103 = 3K
R1

Chon R 3 = R 4 =

LLT2:

A v0 = 1+

1
1
=
= 1K
3
0C 6,28.10 .0,16.106

R5
R
= 3 2 = 1,59 5 = 0,59
R6
R6

Chon R6 = 1K R5 = 590.
Bai 1.8 Thiet ke bo LLT bac 4 co tan so cat tren f c = 1Khz, tat
ca cac C = 0,16F.
V tat ca cac tu ien bang nhau nen chon s o hoi tiep
dng mot vong la n gian nhat. Khi o ta cung chon cac R bang
nhau.

V1(S)

C
R2
1

R2
C1

+
-

R
3

C4
R5

R6
C3

Trang 42

+
-

R
7

R
8

V2(S)

B4(S) = (S2 + 0,765S + 1)(S2 + 1,848S + 1)

Mat loc 1:
b21 = 1; b11 = 0,765
C1 = C2 = C3 = C4 = 0,16F
R1 = R 2 = R 5 = R 6 =

1
1
=
= 1K
3
0C 6,28.10 .0,16.106

R3
R
3 = 1,235
R4
R4

A v01 = 3 0,765= 1+

Chon R4 = 1K R3 = 1235.
Mat loc 2:
A v02 = 3 1,848= 1+

R7
R
7 = 0,152
R8
R8

Chon R8 = 1K R7 = 0,152. R8 = 152.

Bai 1.5 Thiet ke bo loc thong dai LTD bac 2 co tan so cong
hng f0 = 10Khz; D = 2000Hz; Av0 = 10; C1 = C2 = 0,1F.

C1

R3
+
-

C2
V1(S) R1
R2
Q0 =

f0
104
=
=5
D 2.103

R3 =

1
1
=
= 1,6K
DC 3,14.2.103.10 7

R1 =

R3
1,6.103
=
= 80
2A V 0
20

R' =

1
20.R 3.C 2

V2(S)

R1R 2
1
100
=
16 =
R2 = 20.
3
14
6,4
R1 + R 2
4 .10 .1,6.10 .10
2

Trang 43

Bai 1.11 Thiet ke bo LTD bac 2 co F = 1000 3000Hz; A0(dB) =

10dB; C1 = 0,1F f1 = 1000Hz; f2 = 3000Hz.
H(dB)
1
0
1000

3000

C2
R2

R1 =

R1

+
-

V1(S) C
1

V2(S)

1
0,16
= 3 7 = 1,6K
2f1C1 10 .10

A V 0 = 10lg
f3 =

f1
f
= 10dB 1 = 10
f3
f3

f1 1000
=
= 100Hz
10 10

R2 =

1
1
=
= 16K
2f3C1 6,28.102.10 7

C2 =

1
1
0,16
=
=
= 3,3nF
3
3
2f2R 2 6,28.3.10 .16.10 3.16.106

Trang 44

Chng 2:
KHUECH AI CONG SUAT CAO TAN
I. Khuech ai cong suat cao tan: (KCSCT)
Cng
Bai 2.2
Rn Cng
Lch
Lch
CC
LC
+
+R
VCCb
en
Cng
VBBPL = 0,1W;

f0 = 10MHz;

Q0 = 50;

f1 = 3500MHz;

hfe = 100;

Cbe = 10-9F;

Cbc = 1pF;

PCmax = 2W;

VCEmax = 40v;

maxiC = 1A;

= 900; Zn =

1K.

1.
fT
3500.106
f =
=
= 3,5MHz f0 = 10MHz < 0,3.f = 10,5MHz suy ra s o lam
hfe
100
viec tan so
Rn thap, ta co s o tng ng sau:
ib
en

LC
100ib

hie

Rt

CC

2.

Chon VCC = 0,5VCEmax = 0,5x40 = 20V

3.

Chon = 0,9.

4.

Vcm1 = .VCC = 0,9x20 = 18V.

5.

I Cm1 =

6.

ien tr cong hng tng ng:

R t =

7.

2PL
2x0,1
=
= 0,011A = 11mA << maxi C = 1A
VCm1
18

VCm1
18
=
= 1636
I Cm1 0,011
LC =

R t
1,636.103
=
= 0,521H
2f0Q0 6,28.107.50

Trang 45

8.

1
1
108
CC = 2 2 =
=
= 486,6pF
4 f0 L 4x9,86.1014.0,521.106 20,55

9.

I n = I bm =

10.
0,634V

VBB = VBEO In.Zn. 0( - ) = 0,7 22.10-5.103.0,3 =

11.

ICO = 0()..Ibm = 0,3x100x22.10-5 = 6,6mA

12.

hie = 1,4hfe

13.

Neu Rn = 1K th Zi = Rn//hie = 103//530 = 346

14.

Bien o ien ap kch thch:

I Cm1
0,011
=
= 22.105 A
1(). 0,5.100

25.103
25.103
= 1,4.100.
530
I CQ
6,6.103

Vbm = Ibm.Zi = 22.10-5x346 = 76mV

15.

PCC = ICO.VCC = 6,6.10-3x20 = 0,132W.

16.

Hieu suat: =

PL
0,1
=
= 75%
PCC 0,132

Bai 2.1: Gia thiet giong bai 2.2, ch khac fT = 350MHz

fT
3500.106
=
= 3,5MHz; f0 = 10MHz < 3f = 10,5MHz
hfe
100
suy ra mach hoat ong tan so trung bnh co cac CKS.
Rn
ib
.
rbe
LC R
CC
.
t
C
C
|h
|i
en
be
M
fe
b
1. f =

Cac bc 2 8 giong het nh tren

9. He so khuech ai dong ien dai tan so trung bnh:
.
.
hfe
100
100
= hfe =
=
=
33
2
2
3
,
027
7

2.10

1+
1+ 0
6

2

.
3
,
5
.
10

I
0,011
I 'n = Cm1 =
= 0,67mA
10.
1( ). 0,5x33
11.
e dong vao Base khong b meo phai thoa man ieu
kien:
1
n = =
= R n .C b'e

Trang 46

1
1
103
Rn =
=
=
= 45,5
2f .C b'c 6,28.3,5.106.109 21,98
.

Zn =

Rn
2

45,5

45,5
15
3,027

2.107

1+
1+ 0
6

2

.
3
,
5
.
10

12.
In
= In[1 + TCbc. 1().ZL]
= 0,67.10-3[1 + 6,28.108.3,5.10-12.0,5.1,64.103]
= 0,67.10-3[1 + 1,8] = 1,88mA
.

13.

Vnm = Zn .I n = 15.1,88.103 = 18,2mV

14.

VBB = VB'EO I 'n Zn 0 ( ) = 0,7 0,63.103.15.0,5 = 0,7V

1( )
0,5
=
= j2,86
jC b'e [1+ T C b'cZL 1()] j.6,28.107.109.2,8
1
= = j2,86
Mat khac: ZiEC =
jC'b'
1
C'b' =
= 5,55nF
6,28.107.2,86
Chu y: Cb = Cbe + CM (khac vi ien t 2 la co them goc
cat)
.

Y OEC = jC b'c 1+ . 1() = j.6,28.107.1012[1+ 33.0,5] j110.105

16.

1
1
ZOEC =

j.103
3
Y OEC j.10
15.

ZiEC =

17.

I CO = 0 . .I 'n = 0,32x33x67.105 7.103 A = 7mA

18.

PCC = ICO.VCC = 7.10-3.20 = 134mW = 0,134W

P
0,1
= L =
= 74,6%
19.
PCC 0,134
Bai 2.8: Giong bai 2.1, ch khac au vao khung cong hng
ch c ghep mot phan vao au vao e giam anh
hng cua ien dung ky sinh va giam anh hng cua rbe.

Lb

Rtb

Cb

Cb.a2

rbe
a

gmVbe

LC

RtC

CC

Cac bc t 1 10 giong bai 2.2, nhng

cach tnh mach vao khac v au vao co khung cong hng.
Cac bc t 15 19 giong bai 2.2.

Nh tren ta co: Cb = 5,55nF, khi o ien

dung au vao:
Cb = Cb + a2Cb = Cb + (1/25)5,55.10-9 = Cb + 222.10-12.

Coi he so pham chat cua khung cong

hng au vao va au ra giong nhau: Q01 = Q02 = 50.
Trang 47

R t1
1624
1624.108
Lb =
=
=
= 0,517H
0Q01 2.107.50
31,4
1
1
108
=
=
= 510pF
4 2f02L b 4.9,86.1014.0,517.106 20,39

Khi o ien dung can mac au vao:

Cb = Cb a2Cb = 510pF 222pF = 288pF.

Tr khang vao:
r
Zi = R tb // b2'e = 1636// 25rb'e
a
. 25.103
25.103
rb'e = 1,4. hfe
= 1,4.33..
= 165
7.103
7.103
Suy ra: Zi = 1636//4125 = 1171,4

He so pham chat cua mach au vao:

7
Qi = 0RiCb = 6,28.10 .1171,4.510.10-12 = 37,5

Neu au vao mac trc tiep vao Base,

khi o ien dung ky sinh rat ln (Cb = 5,55nF) >> Cb, nen mach
lam viec khong on nh va khi o Zi rat nho (Zi = Rtb//rbe =
150) nen Qi = 0RiCb = 6,28.107.150.510.10-12 = 4,8 << Q01 = 50)

Do tr khang vao cua Transistor rat

nho, nen cach mac nh bai 2.8 c s dung rat nhieu. Mat
khac tang KCSCT la tang cuoi cung nen ng trc no se
la tang tien KCSCT, ngha la Lb, Cb cua tang KCSCT chnh la LC,
CC cua tang tien KCSCT trc o.
Cb =

I. Mach nhan tan

Bai 2.5

Lb

Cb

Lch
+R
b
VBB-

Lch
+
VCC-

CC

LC
Cng

fT
3500.106
=
= 3,5MHz; f0 = 10MHz < 3f = 10,5MHz
hfe
100
Suy ra mach hoat ong tan so thap:
1. f =

Lb

Rt1

Cb

rbe
gmVbe

LC

Rt2

CC

1800
= 900
2
3. Chon nguon cung cap: VCC = 0,5VCEmax = 0,5x40 = 20
4. Chon 1 = 2 = 0,9
Suy ra VCm1 = VCm2 = xVCC = 0,9x20 = 18V.
5. Cong suat ra cua bai 2.1 la cong suat hai bac nhat. Do o
cong suat ra do hai bac 2 gay ra se la:
2. Chon goc cat toi u: =

Trang 48

 2 ()
()
0,212
.PL 1 = 2 .PL 1 =
x0,1 = 0,042W
1()
1()
0,5
6. Dong ien hai bac hai:
2PL 2 2x0,0424
I Cm2 =
=
= 4,7mA
VCm2
18
7. ien tr tng ng cua mach cong hng ra:
V
18
R t2 = Cm2 =
= 3830
I Cm2 4,7.103
8. Neu coi gia thiet cua bai 2.1 trong o Q0 la he so cham
chat cua khung cong hng au ra: Q02 =50 ta co:
R t2
3830
383.107
LC =
=
=
= 0,61H
2 0Q02 2.6,28.107.50
62,8
PL 2 =

9. C C =

( 20 ) 2.L C

1
108
=
= 104pF
4.4.9,86.1014.0,61.106 96,23
2
0,212
.1 =
.0,75= 0,318 32%
1
0,5
()
0,318
= 2 .I Cm2 =
x4,7.103 = 7,05mA
1()
0,212

10.

Hieu suat bo nhan: 2 =

11.

tan so thap: I CO

12.

rb'e = hie = 1,4.hfe .

25.103
25.103
= 1,4.100.
= 496 500
I CO
7,05.103

4,7.103
=
= 22.105 A
13.
tan so thap: I 'n = I bm1 =
0
2 90 .hfe 0,212.100
14.
Bien o ien ap kch thch au vao:
Vbm1 = I bm1.Zi = I bm1( R t1 // rb'e ) = 22.105 (1636// 500)
I Cm2

( )

= 0,08425
V 84mV
()
0,212
R t1 = 2 .R t2 =
x3830= 1624
15.
1()
0,5
16.
Coi mach cong hng au vao va au ra co he so
pham chat rieng bang nhau: Q01 = Q02 = 50. Thc te khi co rbe th
he so pham chat Q01 < Q01.
R t1
1624
1624.108
Lb =
=
=
= 0,517F
17.
0Q01 2.107.50
31,4
1
1
108
Cb = 2 2
=
=
= 510pF
4 f0 L b 4x9,86.1014.0,517.106 20,39

18.

Bai 2.4
fT
3500.106
=
= 3,5MHz; f0 = 10MHz < 3f = 10,5MHz Suy ra mach hoat
1. f =
hfe
100
ong tan so trung bnh:

Lb

Rt1

Cb

rbe

L
C.b
gmVbe C
Trang 49

Rt2

CC

Cac bc 2 en 11 giong nh bai 2.5.

12. tan so trung bnh:
*
hfe
100
100
hfe =
=
=
3,3
2
2
3
,
027
7

2.10

1+
1+ 0
6

2

.
3
,
5
.
10

13. rb'e = 1,4. hfe .

14.

I 'n =

25.103
25.103
= 1,4.33.
= 163,8 164
I CO
7,05.103

I Cm2

( )

2 900 hfe

4,7.103 4,7.103

0,03mA
0,212.33
155,7

15.Vbm1 = Ibm1.Zi = Ibm1 = (Rt1//rbe) = 3.10-5(1636//164) = 4,47mV.

Cac bc 15, 16, 17, 18 nh tren ch chu y: Cb = Cbmac + Cb*
20.Trong mach nhan tan do tan so cong hng au vao ( 0) va
au ra (2 0) khac nhau, nen khong co anh hng cua C M*. Khi
C b'e
109
*
=
= 2.109 F
o ta co: C b' =
1( ) 0,5
Ta thay Cb* = 2000p >> Cb = 510pF. Do o mach nay lam viec
khong on nh, ta phai cai tien mach nh bai 2.9
Bai 2.9:
Lb

Rt1

Cb

C.b.a2

rbe
a2

gmVbe

LC

Rt2

CC VL

Cac bc t 1 den 14 giong het nh bai 2.4

15.Vbm1 = Ibm1.Zi = Ibm1 = (Rt1//(rbe/a2) = 3.10-5(1636//4100) = 0,035mV =
35mV.
Cac bc 16, 17, 18 giong bai 2.5
C b'e
109
*
=
= 2.109 F
20. C b' =
1( )
0,5
2.109
= 80pF
25
21.Khi o ien dung Cb = Cb Cb* = 510pF 80pF = 430pF.
suy ra a2 .C*b' =

Trang 50

Chng 3: BO DAO ONG

I. Dao ong ba iem ien dung
Bai 3.2: Mach dao ong fthap.
f0 = 10MHz,
Q0 = 100,
L = 1H,
rbe = 500,
fT = 3500MHz,
hfe = 100,
Cbe = 1000pF, PCmax = 4W,
VCE0max = 40V,
maxiC = 1A,
CCE = 5pF.
Lch

+VCC
R2

C1
E
C2

Cb
R1

RE

L VK

CE

Cac mach dao ong lam viec che o lp A nen tnh toan
mach phan cc giong nh trong mon ien T I. Trong thc te: IEQ =
1 5mA va RE = 102 103 (sinh vien t chon).
V du: Chon IEQ = 5mA; RE = 103; VCC = 10V.
VRE = RE.IEQ = 103.5.10-3 = 5V
Suy ra VCEQ = VCC VRE = 5V
VBB 0,7 + RE.ICQ = 5,7V;
Rb = (1/10).hfe.RE = 10K;
VCC
10
R1 = R b
= 104
= 23,26K
VCC VBB
10 5,7
V
10
R 2 = R b CC = 104
= 40,8K
VBB
5,7
25.103
25.103
= 100
= 500
I EQ
5.103
1. ay la mach dao ong 3 iem ien dung nen thoa man ieu
1
1
kien can bang pha v: X 1 =
; X2 =
; X3 = L.
C 2
C1
hie = hfe

fT
3500.106
=
= 35MHz ;
2. f =
hfe
100
f0 = 10MHz < 0,3.f = 10,5MHz
S o lam viec tan so thap

C
CCE
Rb=R1//R2

C1
L

CTrang
51 C2
be
B

VBE
C
= 1 = n
VCE
C2
n co the chon theo kinh nghiem: n = 0,01 0,05 (E.C) va n = 0,1 0,5
(B.C) hoac tnh theo cong thc.
Chon n = 0,01 C2 = 100C1.
4. ien dung tnd ng cua khung cong hng:
1
1
108
C t = 2 2 =
=
= 253,5pF
4 f0 L 4.9,86.1014.106 39,44
3. He so hoi tiep: =

C1C 2
C .100C1
= 1
= 253,5pF
C1 + C 2 C1 + 100C1
100C1 = 25,35nF = C 2
C1 = 253,5pF
5. He so khuech ai cua s o mac E.C:
h21e 2
h
A = SZC =
p R K // 11

h11e
n2
h11 500
h21e = hfe = 100; h11e = rbe = 500; Zifa = 2 = 4 = 5M
n
10
7
-6
6. RK = 0LQ0 = 6,28.10 .10 .100 = 6,28K.
7. He so ghep Transistor vi khung cong hng:
C1C 2
V
C + C2
C2
1
1
p = CE = 1
=
=
=
= 0,99
VK
C1
C1 + C 2 1+ n 1+ 0,01
100
( 0,99) 2.6,28.103 // 5.106 1.6,155.103 = 1,23.103
8. A =
500
5
9. ieu kien bien o e mach t kch:
C t =

| A | . | |=| A | .n = 1,23.103.0,01= 12,3 >> 1;

Suy ra mach dao ong
Bai 3.1: Mach dao ong tan so trung bnh
1. Bc 1: nh tren.
fT
350.106
=
= 3,5MHz
2. f =
hfe
100
f0 = 10MHz < 3.f = 10,5MHz
Suy ra s o lam viec tan so trung bnh (co cac ien dung
ky sinh)
3. He so hoi tiep co the chon nh tren, khi o C 1, C2 giong het
bai 3.2. Nhng e mach hoat ong on nh ta co the chon C 2 =
10Cbe = 10.10-9 = 10-8F = 10nF, suy ra C2 = 9nF.
4. Nh tren ta co: Ct = 253,5pF

Trang 52

C1C 2
C1.108
C t =
=
= 253,5pF
C1 + C 2 C1 + 108
C1.108 = C1.253,5.1012 + 253,5.1020

108 C1 1 253,4.104 = 253,5.1020

0,97465
.C1 = 253,5.1012
C1 260pF C1' = 255pF
Chu y:
C1 = C1 + CCE va C2 = C2 + Cbe trong o C1 va C2
mac ben ngoai, con CCE va Cbe la cac tu ien ky sinh.
C
260.1012
= 0,026
Khi o: n = 1 =
C2
108
*
*

| h21 | 2
| h11 |
p R K // 2
5. A = SZC = *

n
| h11 |

tan so trung bnh ta co:

*
hfe
100
| h21 |=
=
= 33
2
2
7

2.10

1+
1+ 2
6

2

.
3
,
5
.
10

1
1
103
=
=
= 45,5
2f .C b'e 6,28.3,5.106.109 21,98

| h11 |= rb'e =
*

| h11 |

45,5
= 67,3K
n
( 0,026) 6,76.104
6. Nh tren RK = 6,28K.
VCE
1
1
=
=
= 0,975
7. p =
VK
1+ n 1+ 0,026
33
( 0,975) 2.6,28.103 // 67,3.103
8. A =
45,5
Zifa=

45,5

= ( 0,725) [ 5,97K // 67,3K ] = ( 0,725) .5,48.103

= 3,975.103 = 3975
9. ieu kien bien o e mach t kch:
*

| A |. | | =| A |.n = 3975
x0,026= 103,35>> 1
Suy ra mach dao ong.

Dao ong 3 iem ien dung kieu Clapp

Bai 3.3: Mach dao ong tan so trung bnh:

Trang 53

C
C1

CCE

L VK

E
C2

C0

Cbe

Bc 1, 2, 3 giong nh bai 3.1 tren

B
4. Nh bai tren ta co Ct = 253,5pF nhng

1
1
1
1
=
+
+
C t C1 C 2 C 0
Chon C0 = 270pF e C0 quyet ng f0 trong mach
1
1
C + C2
1
1 C0 Ct
16,5.1012
+
= 1
=

=
=
= 2,41.108
24
C1 C 2
C1.C2
Ct C0
C0 .Ct
68445.10
C1 + 108 = C1.108.2,41.108 C1 + 108 = 2,41C1
C1 = 7,1nF

C1 7,1.109
=
= 0,71
C 2 10.109
5. Giong bai 3.1 ch khac:
h
45,5
45,5
Zifa= 11
=
=
= 90,3
2
2
n
( 0,71) 0,504
Khi o: n =

6. Nh tren: RK = 6,28K
V
C
253,5.1012 0,2535
=
= 0,0357
7. p = CE = t =
VK
C1
7,1
7,1.109
33
( 0,0357) 2.6,28.103 // 90,3 = ( 0,725)[ 8// 90,3] = 5,33
8. A =
45,5
9. ieu kien bien e mach t kch:

| A |. | | =| A |.n = 5,33x0,71= 3,78> 1

Suy ra mach dao ong
10.Chu y:
C2 = C2 Cbe = 10-8 10-9 = 9nF;
C1 = C1 CCE = 7,095nF
Bai 3.4: Mach dao ong tan so cao.
1. Mach thoa ieu kien pha ve dao ong nh tren
fT
350.106
=
= 3,5MHz
2. f =
hfe
100
f0 = 100MHz > 3f
L = 10,5MHz
Vay mach hoatchong tan so cao. Ta khong the tnh cac L k sinh,
v vay+V
phai
dung s o dao ong mac Base chung.
CC
f = fT = 350MHz f0 = 100MHz < 0,3f = 105MHz
C
L Vcan
K
Suy ra s o hoat ong tan so thap1 (khong
tnh Ck sinh)
E
RE
Cb

R1

Trang
54
R2

C2

C0
B

+VCC

3. V s o lam viec tan so thap nen he so hoi tiep co the

chon nh bai 3.2. ay la s o B.C nen chon n = 0,1.
C1.C 2
V
C + C2
C1
= BE = 1
=
= 0,1
VBC
C2
C1 + C 2
4. Giong bai 3.3 ta co Ct = 253,5pF; chon C0 = 270pF va ta se co:
C1 + C 2
1
1
= 2,41.108 =
=
C 2 = 41,4nF
C1.C 2
n.C 2 0,1C 2
C1 = 0,1C1 + 0,1C2 = 0,1C1 + 4,14.10-9
0,9C1 = 4,14nF
C1 = 4,6nF.
5. He so khuech ai cua s o mac B.C.
h
h
A = SZC = 21b p2R K // 112b
h11b
n
h21b hfb 1;
h
500
h11b = ie =
= 5
hfe 100
h
5
Zifa= 112b =
= 500
n
( 0,1) 2
6. Nh tren: RK = 0LQ0 = 6,28.108.10-6.100 = 62,8K
V
C t
253,5.1012 253,5.1012
p = CE =
=
=
= 61.103
9
C1C 2
1
7.
VK
4,15.10
8
C1 + C 2
2,41.10
1
6
3
8. A = 3721.10 .62,8.10 // 500 = 0,2[ 234// 500] = 31,88
5
9. ieu kien bien o e mach dao ong t kch:

| A |. | | =| A |.n = 31,88x0,1 = 3,188> 1

Suy ra mach dao ong.
II.

Dao ong thach anh:

Bai 3.6: Mach dao ong tan so thap kieu Colpits

+VCC
Chu y gia thiet giong bai 3.2 nhng
cha biet L.
Cng
Lch
Cb

C
C1
RE

Ce
Trang 55

C2
B

1. ieu kien pha: e mach dao ong theo kieu 3 iem C Colpits,
thach anh phai tng ng nh cuon cam, ngha la: fq > f0 > fp.
e n gian ta coi f0 nam gia fq va fp:
f/2
f/2
fq
f0
fp
Mach Colpits E.C

Cq

1013

= 1,005fq
fp = fq 1+
= f 1+
2C p q 2.1011

fq + fp fq + 1,005fq
Mat khac: f0 =
=
= 1,0025
fq
2
2
f0
107
=
= 9,975MHz
Suy ra: fq =
1,0025 1,0025
fp = 1,005fq = 10,025MHz
fT
3500.106
=
= 35MHz
2. f =
hfe
100
f0 = 10MHz < 0,3f = 10,5MHz
Suy ra s o lam viec tan so thap.
3. ien cam rieng cua thach anh:
1
1
10
Lq =
=
=
= 2,55mH
2
12
13
3924
2fq .C q 4.9,86.99,5.10 .10

4. Tr khang tng tng cua thach anh tai tan so f0: Zt = j 0Lt
20L qC q 1
nen: L t = 2
0 C p + C q 20L qC qC p

20L qC q = 4 2f02C qL q = 4.9,86.1014.1013.2,55.103 = 1,00572

1,00572 1
4.9,86.10 10 + 1013 1,00572
.1011

L t =
=

14

11

572.105
= 33,89H 34H
39,44.1014.0,428.1013

C1C 2
1
1
= 2 2
=
= 7,5pF
C1 + C 2 4 f0 L t 4.9,86.1014.34.106
6. Chon he so hoi tiep: n= 0,01.
V
C
= BE = 1 = n
VCE
C2
Suy ra C1 = 0,01C2 hoac C2 = 100C1.
C1.100C1
= 7,5pF 100C1 = 757,5pF
Suy ra: C t =
C1 + 100C1
5. C t =

Trang 56

Vay C2 = 100C1 75,75nF va C1 7,75pF

7. He so khuech ai cua s o mac E.C
*
*

| h21e | 2
| h11 |
A = SZC = *
p R K // 2

n
| h11e |

h21e = hfe = 100; h11e = rbe = 500.

h
500
Zifa= 11
= 4 = 5M
2
n
10
8. RK = 0LtQ0 = 6,28.107.9,226.10-7.100
Suy ra RK = 57,94.100 = 5794
VCE
C2
1
1
=
=
=
= 0,99
9. p =
VK
C1 + C 2 1+ n 1+ 0,01
100
( 0,99) 2.5794.103 // 5M 0,2.5678= 1135
A=
10.
500
11.
ieu kien bien o e mach t kch:

| A |. | | =| A |.n = 1135
x0,01= 11,35> 1
Suy ra mach dao ong.
Bai 3.5: Mach lam viec ftrung bnh mac kieu Clapp.
C
C1

VK

E
C2

CS=C0

1.
ieu kien pha: tnh nh tren, nhng
lu y khong nhng thach anh phai tng
nh cuon cam, ma thach anh cung CS
cung phai tng ng nh cuon cam
ngha la: q < q < 0 < p.
fq = 9,975MHz va fp = 10,025MHz

B
fT
350.106
f
=
=
= 3,5MHz
2.
hfe
100
f0 = 10MHz < 3f = 10,5MHz
Suy ra s o lam viec tan so trung bnh phai ke ca CKS.
Cac bc 3, 4, 5 nh tren: Lq = 2,55mH; Lt = 34H va Ct = 7,5pF =
C1 noi tiep C2 noi tiep CS.
6. e CS quyet nh tan so cong hng trong mach ta chon CS <<
C1 va CS << C2. Chon CS = 10pF, khi o:
1
1
1
1 C S C t (10 7,5).1012
+
=

=
=
= 9,972MHz Vay q = 9,972MHz
C1 C 2 C t C S
C t.C S
75.1020
< q = 9,975MHz
Suy ra TA + CS tng ng.
7. He so hoi tiep: co the chon n = 0,1 do mach Clapp.
V
C
= BE = 1 = n
VCE
C2
Suy ra C1 = 0,1C2 hoac C2 = 10C1.
C1 + C 2 C1 + 100C1
=
= 0,03.108 11= 0,033.109 C1
Suy ra:
C1C 2
C1.100C1
Trang 57

11
= 3,33.109 = 3,33nF C 2 = 10C1 = 33,3nF
9
0,033.10
C1 = C1 CCE = 3325pF; C2 = C2 Cbe = 32,3nF
8. He so khuech ai cua s o mac E.C
*
*

| h21 | 2
| h11 |
A = SZC = *
p R K // 2

n
| h11 |

C1 =

hfe

| h21 |=

1+ 2

| h11 |= rb'e =

100
2.107

1+
6
2

.
3
,
5
.
10

= 33

1
1
103
=
=
= 45,5
2f .C b'e 6,28.3,5.106.109 21,98

| h11 |

45,5
= 4550
n
102
9. ien tr cong hng tng ng nh bai 3.6: Rk = 5794.
V
C t
( C + C2 )
p = CE =
= C tx 1
C1C 2
VK
C1.C 2
C1 + C 2
Zifa=

= 275.1012.3,03.108 = 0,0833
33
( 0,0833) 2 x5794// 455.103 29,1
10. A =
45,5
11.ieu kien bien o e mach t kch:

| A |. | | =| A |.n = 29,1x0,1 = 2,91>> 1

Suy ra mach dao ong.
III.Dao ong RC
Bai 3.8: Dao ong cau

+
-

R1

e mach dao ong: + =

R2

R2
2
=
R1 + R 2 3
Trang 58

VL

 3R2 = 2R1 + 2R2

R2 = 2R1
Chon R1 = 1K, th R2 = 2K.
1
1
C=
=
= 0,16.106 = 0,16F
3
3
0R 6,28.10 .10
Bai 3.7: Dao ong cau Vien
R2

R1

+
R
Vin

R2
1
=
R1 = 2R 2
3 R1 + R 2
Chon R2 = 1K R1 = 2K.
1
1
C=
=
= 0,16.106 = 0,16F
3
3
0R 6,28.10 .10
e mach dao ong: =

Trang 59

Chng 4: IEU CHE TNG T

I. ieu bien Collector
Bai 4.4:

Cng
Lch

LC

CC

V
+VCC
PL = 100mW; f0 = 1MHz; f = 10KHz;
Q0 = 50; m = 0,5; = 900.
Tran sistor nh bai 2-1.
fT
350.106
f
=
=
= 3,5MHz
1.
hfe
100
f0 = 1MHz < 0,3f = 1,05MHz
Suy ra s o hoat ong tan so thap.
2. Chon nguon cung cap VCC = 0,5VCEmax = 0,5x40 = 20V.
3. Chon he so li dung ien ap = 0,9.
4. Bien o trung bnh phan hai bac nhat: VCm1 = V0 = VCC = 18V.
khi o V0 = 18cos(2.106t)
2P
P
2
2
0,1
I Cm1 = 0 =
x AM 2 = x
= 9,88mA
0,25
5.
VCm1 VCm1
18
m
1+
1+
2
2
6. ien tr cong hng tng ng:
V
18
R t = Cm1 =
= 1822
()
I Cm1 9,88.103
7. L C =

R t
1,822.103
1822
=
=
= 58.107 = 5,8H
6
7
2f0Q0 6,28.10 .50 31,4.10

1
1
106
=
=
= 4,37nF
4 2f02L C 4.9,86.1012.5,8.106 228,75
9. Bien o dong kch thch vao:
I Cm1
9,88.103
I bm =
=
= 19,76.105 A 0,2mA
1().hfe
0,5.100
8. C C =

I CO = 0 ()..I bm = 0,3x100x2.104 = 6mA

Tr khang vao cua Transistor
25.103
25.103
Zi = rb'e = 1,4.hfe
= 1,4.100.
= 583
I CQ
6.103
12.
Bien o ien ap kch thch:
Vbm = Zi.Ibm = 583.0,2.10-3 = 116mV
13.
PCC = ICO.VCC = 6.10-3.20 = 120mW
P
0,089
= L =
= 70%
14.
PCC
0,12
15.
Bien o ien ap am tan: V = mV0 = 0,5x18 = 9V
10.
11.

Trang 60

 khi o: V(t) = 9cos(2.104t)

16.
Pho cua tn hieu AM
mV0
mV0
VAM = V0 cos 0t +
cos( 0 + )t +
cos( 0 )t
2
2
= 18cos(2.106 t) + 4,5cos2(106 + 104 )t + 4,5cos2(106 104 )t
VAM
18

4,5
0

P0

17.

106106+1
106
4
10 2
04
2
V
(18)
= 0 =
89mW
2R L 2.1,82.103

2
m2
3 (0,5)
Pbt = P0 .
= 89.10
= 11,125mW
2
2
P
1
1
k = bt =
= = 11
2
PAM
9
+1
2
m

18.
19.

20.
Kiem tra: V0 + V = 18 + 9 = 27V < BVCEO = 40V
PAMmax = P0(1 + m)2 = 89.10-3(1 + 0,5)2 = 200mW < PCmax.
Bai 4.5:
Vtt = 10cos2.106t; V = 7cos2.104t; RL = 1K.
1. Giong nh bai 4-4: f0 = 1MHz < 0,3f = 1,05MHz
Suy ra s o hoat ong tan so thap.
V
7
=
= 0,7
2. He so ieu che: m =
V0 10
VCm1 10
=
= 11,11V
3. Chon = 0,9 VCC =

0,9
4. Pho cua tn hieu ieu bien:
mV0
mV0
cos( 0 + )t +
cos( 0 )t
2
2
= 10cos(2.106 t) + 3,5cos2(106 + 104 )t + 3,5cos2(106 104 )t

VAM (t) = V0 cos 0t +

VAM
10

5. P0

3,5
02
106106
V0
(10)42
=
= 10 3 = 50mW
2R L
2.0

106+1
04

m2
0,49
= 5.102
= 12,25mW
2
2
7. Cong suat ieu bien:
PAM = P0 + Pbt = 50 + 12,25 = 62,25mW
6. Pbt = P0 .

Trang 61

8. PAMmax = P0(1 + m)2 = 5.10-2(1 + 0,7)2 = 144,5mW < PCmax.

1
1
k=
=
= 20%
2
2
9.
+
1
+
1
0,5
m2
10.
Kiem tra: V0 + V = 10 + 7 = 17V < BVCEO = 40V
11.
Bien o hai bac nhat:
V
V
10
I Cm1 = Cm1 = 0 = 3 = 10mA (chu y RL = Rt)
RL
R L 10
12.

L =

RL
103
104
=
=
= 3,18H
2f0Q0 6,28.106.50 31,4.

1
1
106
=
=
= 7,97nF
4 2f02L 4.9,86.1012.3,18.106 125,4
14.
Bien o dong kch vao:
I Cm1
102
I bm =
=
= 0,2mA
1().hfe 0,5.100
13.

C=

15.

I CO = 0 ()..I bm = 0,3x100x2.104 = 6mA

rb'e = 1,4.hfe
16.

25.103
25.103
= 1,4.100.
= 583
I CQ
6.103

Vbm = I bm.rb'e = 2.104.583= 0,117V

II. ieu tan Varicap

Bai 4.6: ieu tan dung Varicap n
f0 = 100MHz; f = 75KHz; Q0 = 50; L = 0,1H;
Transistor nh bai 2-1
+VCC
L

R2

C1
C

R1

RE

Lch

C2

fT
350.106
=
= 3,5MHz
hfe
100
f0 = 100MHz > 3f = 10,5MHz
Suy ra s o hoat ong tan so cao, nen phai chuyen sang
dung mach dao ong B.C nh hnh ve
1. f =

C
C1
E
RE

C2
B 62
Trang

2. C t =

C .C
1
1
109
=
=
= 25,35pF = 1 2 Chon C1 = 30pF
2 2
16
7
39,44
C1 + C 2
4 f0 L 4.9,86.10 .10

C1xCt 3.1011.25,35.1012
=
= 163,5pF
C1 C t
(30 25,35)1012
3. He so hoi tiep:
C1C 2
V
C + C2
C1
30.1012
= BE = 1
=
=
= +0,155= + n
VBC
C2
C1 + C 2 30.1012 + 163,5.1012
4. He so ghep Transistor vi khung cong hng:
V
V
p = CB = CB = 1
Vk
VCB
h11e 500
=
= 10
5. tan so thap nen: h21b 1; h11b =
hfe
50
6. Rt = 0LQ0 = 6,28.108.10-7.50 = 3140
7. He so khuech ai khi mac B.C:
h
h 1 2
A = SZC = 21b p2R K // 112b
1 .3140// 416 36,8
h11b
n 10
8. ieu kien bien o e mach t kch:
C2 =

| A |. | | =| A |.n = 37x0,155= 5,7 >> 1 machdaoong

9. Chon Vpc = 5V; n = ; = 0,7V; Suy ra ta co:
C1
V
V
1
1 1
163,5
f = nf0 .
.
= . .108.
. = 75.103 suy ra
2
C1 + C 2 + Vpc 2 2
30+ 163,5 0,7 + 5
f =

108.163,5
V = 75.103 suy ra V = 20mV
4411
,8

10.
f1 = f0 - f = 99,925MHz;
f2 = f0 + f = 100,075MHz;
1
1
1010
C t1 = 2 2 =
=
= 25,39pF
4 f1 L 4.9,86.9985.1012.107 3,9381
C t2 =

1
1
1010
=
=
= 25,317pF
4 2f22L 4.9,86.10015
.1012.107 3,9499

C11 =

C 2xCt1 163,5.1012.25,39.1012
=
= 30,06pF
C 2 C t1
138,11.1012

C12 =

C 2xCt2 163,5.1012.25,317.1012
=
= 29,955pF
C
C 2 C t2
138,183.1012

V(<0)

Trang563

30,06pF
CV0 = 30pF =
C1
29,96pF
V
0

Bai 4.7: ieu tan dung Varicap ay keo

+VCC
R

VR

R2

R1

CV1
CV2
-

Ra

VFM

C2
RE

C1

1. Bc 1 va 2 nh tren
C v10xCv20
C xC
+ 1 2 = 25,35pF
2. C t =
C v10 + C v20 C1 + C2
C v10xCv20
= 10pF
Chon C v10 = C v20 = 20pF C v0 =
C v10 + C v20
C1C 2
= 15,35pF
Suy ra C3 =
C1 + C 2
3. He so hoi tiep: v s o mac B.C nen ta chon n = 0,1
=

VBE
VBC

C1C 2
C + C2
C2
= 1
=
= n = 0,1
C1
C1 + C 2

C 2 = 0,1C1 + 0,1C 2 C1 = 9C 2

C1C 2
C 9C
= 1 1 = 15,35pF
C1 + C 2 C1 + 9C1
9C1 = 153,5pF = C2
C1 = 17pF
4. Cac bc 4, 5, 6 nh tren
h21b 2
h 1 2
10
p R K // 112b
1 .3140//
60,5
7. A = SZC =

h11b
0,01
n 10
8. ieu kien bien o e mach dao ong t kch:
C3 =

| A |. | | = 86,26x0,1 = 8,6 >> 1 machdaoong

9. Chon Vpc = 5V; n = ; = 0,7V
C v0
V
V
1
1 1
10
f = nf0 .
.
= . .108.
.
= 75.103 suy ra
2
C v0 + C 3 + Vpc 2 2
10+ 15,35 0,7 + 5
109
V = 75.103 suy ra V = 43,4mV
578
10.
Bc 10 nh tren ta co:
Ct1 = 25,39pF; Ct2 = 25,317pF
Suy ra: Cv01 = Ct1 C3 = 10,04pF; Cv02 = Ct2 C3 = 9,967pF
f =

Trang 64

Chng 6: MAY PHAT

I. KCSCT + mach ghep au vao va au ra

Ri =

Cng

L1

50
Pi = ? C1

Lch
+ Rb
VBB-

L2

Lch
+

C2

VCC- Cng
-

C3

PA =
2W
RA =
75

0
=0,7 Qt2=5
1=0,7 Qt1=5
=90
Thiet ke
bo KCSCT nh
hnh ve co1 f0 = 10MHz. Transistor co cac
thong so fT = 350MHz; hfe = 100; Cbc = 1pF; Cbe = 1000pF; PCmax = 10W;
VCEmax = 40V; max iC = 1A.
Cac bc thiet ke:
f
350.106
= 3,5MHz
1. f = T =
hfe
100
f0 = 10MHz < 3f = 10,5MHz
Suy ra s o hoat ong tan so trung bnh
2. Chon VCC = 0,5VCEmax = 0,5x40 =20V
3. Chon = 0,9
4. Bien o hai bac nhat: PCm1 = .VCC = 0,9x20 = 18V.
PA
2
=
= 2,5W
5. Cong suat hai bac nhat: PL 1 =
2 0,8
6. Bien o hai bac nhat cua dong ien ra:
2P
2x2,5
I Cm1 = L 1 =
= 278mA
VCm1
18
2I Cm1 = 2x278= 556mA < maxi C = 1A
7. ien tr cong hng tng ng mach ra
V
18
R t1 = Cm1 =
65
I Cm1 0,278
Rt1 chnh la tr khang vao cua mach ghep au ra.
8. Mach ghep au ra:
R = R i xRL = R txRA = 69,8

R i + R 65+ 69,8
=
27
Qt
5
1
1
C2 =
=
590pF
2f0 X C2 6,28.107.27
X C2 =

R L + R 75+ 69,8
=
29
Qt
5
1
C3 =
550pF
6,28.107.29
X C3 =

Trang 65

C'2 = C'2 C*b'c = C'2 C b'c 1+ 1( ) = 572pF

X L 2 = X C2 + X C3 = 27+ 29= 66

L=

X L2
66
=
1H
2f0 6,28.107
Ri = Rt =

RA = RL = 75

L2

65
C2

C3

9. He so khuech ai tan so trung bnh

.
.
hfe
100
100
= hfe =
=
=
33
2
2
3,027
0
107

1+
1+
6

3
,
5
.
10

10.

Thanh phan trung bnh DC cua dong ra

()
0,32
I CO = 0 .I Cm1 =
x278= 178mA
1()
0,5
11.
Cong suat nguon cung cap
PCC = ICO.VCC = 0,178.20 = 3,56W
12.
Hieu suat cua mach KCSCT
P
2,5
= L =
= 70,22%
PCC 3,56
13.
Tr khang vao
1( )
ZiEC =
jC b'e [1+ T C b'cZL 1()]
0,5
=
7
9
j.6,28.10 .10 .1+ 350.106.101265.0,5
0,5
50
1
=
=
= j7,87 j8 =
12
j6,28.10 [1+ 0,0114] j6,35
jC* b'
1
C* b' =
= 2,023nF (C* b' = C*b'e + C*M )
7
6,28.10 .7,87
14.
Tr khang vao cua Transistor tan so trung bnh
. 25.103
25.103
rb'e = 1,4. hfe
= 1,4.33..
6,5
I CO
0,178
15.
Mach ghep au vao: e s truyen at cong suat ln
nhat va ap tuyen tan so bang phang nhat ta thiet ke sao
cho Qi = Q0 = 2Qt.
r
R
6,5
X C = L = b'e =
= 0,65
Q0 2Q t 10
1
1
C1' =
=
24,5nF
2f0 X C 6,28.107.0,65
Mat khac:
C1' = C1 + C*b C1 = C1' C*b' = 24,5 2,023 22,5nF

Trang 66

X L 2 = Q i R i = 2QtR i = 2x5x50= 500

L1 =

XL
500
=
8H
2f0 6,28.107
L1

16.
Z'iEC =
=
17.

Ri = 50
C'1
Qt1 = 5

Cb

Z'iEC = ZiEC // rb'e =

rb'e
1+ j 0C*b' .rb'e

rbe

rb'e
1+ 20C*b2' rb2'e
6,5

6,5
= 5
1,3

1+ 4.9,86.4,092.10181014.42,25
Cong suat au ra cua Transistor
2

2
1 '2
1 I Cm1
1 0,278
Pb = I n Zi =
Zi =
.5
2
2 1
2 0,533
1
= .3.10 4.5 = 7,5.104 = 0,75mW
2
18.
Cong suat au vao cua tang KCSCT
P
0,75.103
Pi = b =
= 1,07mW
1
0,7

II. KCSCT + ieu bien

Thiet ke mach ieu bien Collector co gia thiet nh bai tren biet
m = 0,7 va f0 = 10MHz; f = 10KHz. e n gian ta khong tnh mach
vao
Cng
Lch

Lb
+ Rb
VBB-

L1

Cng

C1

RA = 75
PA = 2W
C2

KCSA
T

+VCC
1 4 nh bai tren: VCm1 = 18V = V0
5. Cong suat ieu bien:
P
2
PAM = A =
= 2,5W
2 0,8
m2

Cong suat hai bac nhat: PAM = P0 1+

2

Trang 67

 P0 = PL 1 =

PAM

2,5
= 2W
0,49
1+
2

m
1+

6. Bien o hai bac nhat cua dong ien ra

2P
2x2
I Cm1 = L 1 =
= 187mA
VCm1 18
VCm1
18
=
= 96,25()
7. R t1 =
I Cm1 0,187
Rt1 chnh la tr khang vao cua mach loc au ra
8. Mach loc au ra
R = R i xRL = 96,25x75 85
2

R i + R 96+ 85
=
36,2
Qt
5
1
1
C1 =
=
= 0,44nF
2f0 X C1 6,28.107.36,2
X C1 =

R L + R 75+ 85
=
= 32
Qt
5
1
C2 =
= 0,5nF
6,28.107.32
X C2 =

C*b'c = C b'c 1+ 1( ) = 1012[1+ 33.0,5] = 17,5pF

'
C1 = 440 17,5 = 422,5pF
X L 1 = X C1 + X C2 = 36,2 + 32= 68,2

L1 =

X L1
68,2
=
10,86.10 7 H 1,1H
7
2f0 6,28.10
Rt1 = Ri =

RA = RL = 75

L1

96
C1

C2

9. Nh tren = 33

13.

0 ()
0,32
.I Cm1 =
x0,187 0,12A
1()
0,5
PCC = ICO.VCC = 0,12.20 = 2,4W
P
1,68
= L1 =
70%
PCC 2,4
Nh tren ZiEC j7,83 (viZL = 96,25)

14.

rb'e = 1,4. hfe

10.
11.
12.

I CO =

25.103
25.103
= 1,4.33..
9,625
I CO
0,12

Trang 68

Z'iEC =

15.
=
16.

rb'e
1+ 20C*b2' rb2'e
9,625
18

1+ 4.9,86.10 .4,16.10 .92,64

Cong suat au vao
14

9,625
6
1,587

2
1 '2
1 I Cm1
1 0,187
Pb = I n Zi =
Zi =
.6 0,4mW
2
2 1 1
2 0,5.33
17.
Bien o ien ap am tan V = mV0 = 0,7x18 = 12,6V
khi o: V(t) = 12,6cos(2.104t)
18.
Pho cua tn hieu am tan

mV0
mV0
cos( 0 + )t +
cos( 0 )t
2
2
= 18cos(2.107 t) + 6,3cos2(107 + 104 )t + 6,3cos2(107 104 )t

VAM = V0 cos 0t +

VAM
18
6,3
0

107107+1
f
7
10
4
4
2
10
0
m
0,49
19.
Pbt = P0 .
= 1,68
= 0,41W
2
2
P
0,41
k = bt =
= 16,4%
20.
PAM
2,5
21.
Kiem tra: V0 + V = 18 + 12,6 = 30,6V < BVCEO = 40V
PAMmax = P0(1 + m)2 = 1,68(1 + 0,7)2 = 4,85W< PCmax = 10W
(Chu y: cac bc 9 16 co the khong phai tnh khi thi).

Trang 69