Greek

Vernacular

Romanization

Vernacular

Romanization

B (Ancient and

b (Ancient and Medieval)

Medieval)
V (Modern)

G
Gk

v (Modern)

ng

gk (initially and finally)

nk (medially)

nx

nch

Th

th

b (initially)
mp (medially and finally)

n
d (initially)

nt (medially and finally)

Rh (see notes)

rh (see notes)

, C

, , (final)

y (u in diphthongs , , , ,
, and )

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Greek

July 2010

Ph

ph

Ch

ch

Ps

ps

Archaic letters

Notes
For the purposes of this table, texts written before 1454 are considered Ancient or Medieval
Greek, and texts written after 1453 are considered Modern Greek.
The rough breathing ( ) is romanized h. When it appears with a vowel or a diphthong, the h
precedes the romanized vowel or diphthong; when it appears with rho ( , ), the h follows the
romanized rho (Rh, rh). The h is supplied as appropriate when the rough breathing does not
appear in the Greek text (for example, when the text is in all capitals, or, in Modern Greek, when
the text is in monotonic orthography). Exception: in Modern Greek, romanize / as Rh/rh only if
the rough breathing appears in the Greek text.
Other diacritical marks, such as the smooth breathing, the coronis, acute, circumflex, and grave
accents, and the diaeresis, as well as iota subscript and adscript, are omitted in romanization.
Examples

Ancient and Medieval

Hsiodou tou Askraiou Erga kai hmerai

(= )
(=

H tou Homrou Ilias

)
(=

Philbos Peri hdons

)
(= )

July 2010

Agnst the

Greek

Page 2

keitai par Had

(= )

Aitia Rhmaika

Hoti oud hdes zn esti kat Epikouron

Peri tou m rhadis pisteuein diabol

aypnous nyktas iauon

Ltous kai Dios huios

hyikon paschein

eipe pros ton andra ton heuts

ti toud an heurm huron eutychesteron?

Tou Kata pasn hairesen elenchou biblion 1

kalon kagathon

chonto thoimation labontes mou

Peri ilingn

hote t iache salpinx

Encheiridion harmoniks

alasta de werga pathon kaka msamenoi

Damareta t erata te Wianthemis

(= )

xenwos

(= )

Patroklos

Modern
/ ,

Etsia ekthesis / Kypriak Dmokratia,

Hypourgeion Ergasias kai Koinnikn

Asphalisen

/ ,

Etsia ekthes / Kypriak Dmokratia,

Hypourgeio Ergasias kai Koinnikn

Asphalisen

Hellniko Hidryma Eurpaiks kai Exteriks

Politiks

Eleutherios D. Paulids

Orthodoxos Autokephalos Ekklsia ts

Alvanias

Vios kai politeia tou Alex Zormpa

(= )

Laskarina Boumpoulina

Daivint Mitsel

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July 2010

Tzaims Tzoys

H koinniologia tou rempetikou

Villy Brant

Brant Pit

Giakomp Philip Phalmerayer

Sarl Onkoustin de
Koulomp

Lamperto Dini

Tzrtz Chermpert Ouker Bous

Ouinstn Tsrtsil

Pankosmio Kentro Emporiou

Phaidn Gkiziks

Gketemporgk

Ouasinkton

Ouasinnkton

Aerodromio Ronalnt Reinkan ts Ouasinnkton

Dmitri Ivanovits Mentelegieph

Angelos Staurou Vlachos

Hodgos marketingk Hellados / Hellniko

[sic]

Institouto Marketingk ts Hellniks Hetairias

Dioikses Epicheirsen

Salpinx Hellnik

Bintpay

H huiothesia enlikn

hoi Harpuies

Greek numerals

Character

Value

Character

Value

100

200

300

400

500

, ,

600

700

800

900

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Greek

Page 4

10

1000

11

1001

1002

20

21

2000

22

3000

4000

30

5000

40

50

60

70

80

90

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Greek

July 2010