Lab5: Production of Acetic Anhydride 1.

2012

PROCEDURE

Methodology for production of acetic anhydride using Aspen Plus for:

1. First, the Aspen plus user interface is opened and Aspen plus blank simulation is chosen. 2. RPlug reactor model is dragged one by one from the unit operation model toolbar at the bottom of process flow sheet onto the flow sheet. RPlug is chosen as the reactor used in this experiment is plug flow reactor (PFR). 3. Inlet stream and outlet streams are attached to the reactor. Each stream and model block is renamed. 4. Setup, components, properties, streams, and blocks inputs from data browser are filled with related information and values.

Table 1: Input information and Values Reaction Or CH3COCH3 CH2CO+ CH4 A B+C Vapour phase cracking of acetone to produce ketene and methane Conditions Feed Temperature Pressure Length Diameter Kinetic rA = kCA (first order reaction with respect to acetone) Adiabatic reactor Reaction type LHHW 8000 kg/hr 1035 K 1.6 atm ~3m ~1m Vapour

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Lab5: Production of Acetic Anhydride Rate constant, k Activation energy, E Driving force Term 1 1.125 To 1000 K 67999 cal/mol Reactant: exponent to 1 Products:

2012

acetone

ketene

and

methane exponent to 0 Driving force Term 2 All exponents and

constant B, C, D = 0 Constant A = -1000000

5.

Next button is pressed as for running the simulation process.

6. Step 5 until 6 is are repeated by manipulate the diameter, length and number of tubes of reactor.

2.0

PROCES FLOW DIAGRAM (PFD)

Figure 2: Production of acetic anhydride.

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Lab5: Production of Acetic Anhydride

2012

3.0

WORKBOOK

Table 3.1: Stream results for production of acetic anhydride.

PRODUCTION OF ACETIC ANHYDRIDE Stream ID From To Phase Substream: MIXED Mole Flow CH3COCH3 CH2CO CH4 Total Flow Total Flow Total Flow Temperature Pressure Vapor Frac Liquid Frac Solid Frac Enthalpy Enthalpy Enthalpy Entropy Entropy Density Density Average MW Liq Vol 60F l/min cal/mol cal/gm cal/sec cal/mol-K cal/gm-K mol/cc gm/cc kmol/hr kg/hr l/min K atm kmol/hr 137.7410 0.0 0.0 137.7410 8000.000 1.21855E+5 1035.000 1.600000 1.000000 0.0 0.0 -29235.24 -503.3612 -1.1186E+6 -17.68577 -.3045068 1.88395E-5 1.09420E-3 58.08004 169.8718 109.4326 28.30834 28.30834 166.0493 8000.000 1.29843E+5 914.8328 1.600000 1.000000 0.0 0.0 -24251.17 -503.3612 -1.1186E+6 -11.30441 -.2346362 2.13141E-5 1.02688E-3 48.17846 190.3017
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FEED PFR VAPOR

OUTLET PFR VAPOR

Lab5: Production of Acetic Anhydride

2012

Table 3.1: Stream results for production of acetic anhydride for manipulated diameter (7m) and length (5m).

PRODUCTION OF ACETIC ANHYDRIDE Stream ID From To Phase Substream: MIXED Mole Flow CH3COCH3 CH2CO CH4 Total Flow Total Flow Total Flow Temperature Pressure Vapor Frac Liquid Frac Solid Frac Enthalpy Enthalpy Enthalpy Entropy Entropy Density Density Average MW Liq Vol 60F l/min cal/mol cal/gm cal/sec cal/mol-K cal/gm-K mol/cc gm/cc kmol/hr kg/hr l/min K atm kmol/hr 137.7410 0.0 0.0 137.7410 8000.000 1035.000 1.600000 1.000000 0.0 0.0 -29235.24 -503.3612 -17.68577 -.3045068 89.51646 48.22449 48.22449 185.9654 8000.000 824.3684 1.600000 1.000000 0.0 0.0 -21653.97 -503.3612 -8.839555 -.2054815 PFR VAPOR VAPOR FEED OUTLET PFR

1.21855E+5 1.31037E+5

-1.1186E+6 -1.1186E+6

1.88395E-5 2.36531E-5 1.09420E-3 1.01753E-3 58.08004 169.8718 43.01875 204.6751

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Lab5: Production of Acetic Anhydride

2012

Table 3.1: Stream results for production of acetic anhydride for Multitube (number of tube = 6), diameter (7m) and length (5m).

PRODUCTION OF ACETIC ANHYDRIDE Stream ID From To Phase Substream: MIXED Mole Flow CH3COCH3 CH2CO CH4 Total Flow Total Flow Total Flow Temperature Pressure Vapor Frac Liquid Frac Solid Frac Enthalpy Enthalpy Enthalpy Entropy Entropy Density Density Average MW Liq Vol 60F l/min cal/mol cal/gm cal/sec cal/mol-K cal/gm-K mol/cc gm/cc kmol/hr kg/hr l/min K atm kmol/hr 137.7410 0.0 0.0 137.7410 8000.000 1035.000 1.600000 1.000000 0.0 0.0 -29235.24 -503.3612 -1.1186E+6 -17.68577 -.3045068 1.88395E-5 1.09420E-3 58.08004 169.8718 82.22847 55.51248 55.51248 193.2534 8000.000 789.7417 1.600000 1.000000 0.0 0.0 -20837.35 -503.3612 -1.1186E+6 -8.192211 -.1978966 2.46902E-5 1.02209E-3 41.39642 209.9348
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FEED PFR VAPOR

OUTLET PFR VAPOR

1.21855E+5 1.30452E+5

Lab5: Production of Acetic Anhydride

2012

4.0

THEORY

There are two ojectives set as guideline while doing this experiment. These objectives are to install and converge a plug flow reactor and to simulate a process involving reaction. As to produce acetic anhydride, the process method used is by the vapour phase cracking of acetone to produce ketene and methane: CH3COCH3 CH2CO+ CH4 This reaction is first order reaction with respect to acetone. The feed condition is 8000 kg/hr of acetone to tabular reactor. The reactor is adiabatic, with inlet T is 1035 K and the pressure is 1.6 atm. Hint: 1. 2. Use SYSOPO of state fluid package.(SI unit) Reactor : ADIABATIC Length: Diameter: 3. 4. 5. Assume 3 m Assume 1 m

Reaction type LHHW Kinetic : Vapour, k: 1.125, To 1000 K, E = 67999 cal/mol Driving force : Term 1 Reactant: acetone exponent to 1 Products: ketene and methane exponent to 0

6.

Driving force : Term 2 All exponents and constant B, C, D = 0 Constant A = -1000000

7.

There length, diameter, number of tubes can be change to achieve specific goal. 6|Page

Lab5: Production of Acetic Anhydride

2012

5.0
1.

Q&A DISCUSSION
What volume required for at least 20 % conversion?

At 1st RUN: % Conversion, X =

X = (28.3084 / 137.7410) x 100% X = 20.55% conversion Volume = (Area) x (length) = (D2/4) x (length) where diameter, D = 1 meter Length, L = 3 meter Volume = ((12)/4) x 3 = 2.36 m3 Therefore, the volume required for at least 20 % conversion is 2.36 m3 At 2nd RUN: Manipulate diameter/length Length=7m Diameter=5m % Conversion, X = (48.2245 / 89.5165) x 100% = 53.87% conversion Volume = ((52)/4) x 7 = 137.44 m3 At 3rd RUN: Manipulate Number of Tube Length=7m Diameter=5m Multitube, no of tube=6 % Conversion, X = (55.5125 / 82.2285) x 100% 7|Page

Lab5: Production of Acetic Anhydride = 67.51% conversion Volume = ((52)/4) x 7 = 137.44 m3 DISCUSSION

2012

There are two ojectives in this experint which are to install and converge a plug flow reactor and to simulate a process involving reaction. Both of these two objective are succesfully done by running the simulation at three different condition. The first condition is where the reactor diameter and length are set at 1m and 3m recpectively. The second condition is where the diamater and length of the reactor are manipulate at 5m and 7m recpectively . Meanwhile, the third condition is where the number of tubes inside the reactor is manipulated with same diameter and length as the second run. The results these three different condition show in table 5.1. Table 5.1: Results of three diffenrent condition 1st RUN 2nd RUN 3rd RUN

Length

= 3m

Length = 7m Diameter = 5m

Length = 7m Diameter = 5m Multi-tubes, no. of tube = 6

Diameter = 1m

% Conversion, X = 20.55% conversion volume = 2.36 m3

% Conversion, X = 53.87% conversion volume = 137.44 m3

% Conversion, X = 67.51% conversion volume = 137.44 m3

Based on calculated results, the highest conversion obtained at the 3rd RUN with conversion of 67.51%. The 1st RUN obtained only 20.55% of conversion and the 2nd RUN obtained 53.87% of conversion. As for volume comparison, the 1st RUN had smallest

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Lab5: Production of Acetic Anhydride

2012

volume of reactor and for both 2nd RUN and 3rd RUN hand same volume of reactor. From this, it can be said that the increment of diameter and length of the reactor will increase the % conversion of the reaction and the volume of reactor will also increase. However, as to compare the 2nd RUN and 3rd RUN, the % conversion will increase much higher if the reactor used is multi-tubes reactor even by using the same volume of reactor.

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