Excel Crop Care LTD Bhuj

PREPARED BY HIREN.R.MAHESHWARI S. Y., B. B. A. ACADEMIC YEAR 2007 2008 ROLL No.
.: 28 SEAT No: Christ College, Rajkot Submitted to SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY, RAJKOT GUIDED BY MISS. DARSHITA GANATRA
Hiren R. Maheshwari, S.Y., B.B.A.
CHRIST COLLEGE, RAJKOT
DECLARATION It was memorable Experience for me, I dont have adequate word to Express my profound gratitude to project report and to visit the industry. I express my deepest thanks to MR.K.K.PATEL for providing this great opportunity Excel crop care Ltd. If I dont Express my deepest thanks or sense of gratitude towards Mr. K.M. Bhatt (manager)and all executive without whose active interest, my industrial report would Not seen in the light my acknowledgement would not be completed. I also greatly thankful to all those people who have helped me in preparing this report directly and indirectly by providing necessary information regarding the unit which I have visited. SIGNATURE Date: Place: KUTCH. HIREN.R.MAHESHWARI
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the liberalization area of Indian economics Indian Industries have undergone rapid development in technological & mechanical equipments. Today Indian Industries have become capable of competing with the multinational Industries. Excel Crop Care Limited is one of leading industry manufacturing Pesticides Company in Indian First of all, I would like to thank the authorities of Excel Crop Care Ltd. Specially Mr. K. K. Patel from bottom of any heart who provided me with all the information and guidance that are required by spending his valuable time. I would also like to thank the staff members who helped me directly or indirectly to complete my project. I would really like to thank our principle Fr. Joseph V. A. and Miss Darshita Ganatra who motivated me & guided me through the preparation of this report. I would also like to thank my parents who supported me & helped me to utilized my abilities.
PREFACE PRECTICE MAKES MAN PERFECT. As a part a subject in our S.Y.B.B.A to preparer am industrial report of any chosen industrial concern. As we know that in managerial course or BBA course only theoretical knowledge is not sufficient and useful to the students to be a successful manager. Students are like raw material and practical studies like industrial training and other programmes by which a student can practically know everything which they study is necessary not only as a subject but also useful in future. Training is an integral part of education for managerial course and relining does the job of polishing shaping end marketing then to face into the real life situations and challenges. In this project report I have pointed each and every aspect of general information, finance department marketing department & personnel department during the training information is carried out by communicating with manager, executives and other concern with the company. At the time of making preparation of this report, I got the opportunity to glance into the real business world. I have got the chance to observe the day to day working of the unit. This is one of the best and important experience in my life. As a B.B.A. student I have put in my sincere efforts in preparing and presenting this report meaningfully.
INDEX
SR. NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PARTICULARS GENERAL INFORMATION PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT MARKETING MANAGMENT FINANCE MANAGEMENT SWOT ANALYSIS FUTURE PLANS SUGGESTIONS CONCLUSIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PAGE NO. 05 16 32 59 75 94 97 99 101 103
1. General Information
GENERAL INFORMATION CONTENTS SR. No. 1. PARTICULARS Introduction PAGE No. 7
2.
History of unit
3.
Achievements
4.
Company Profile
5.
Organizational Structure
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INTRODUCTION Excel crop care Ltd. The name of the company deserve the meaning of very word excellent which means batter then any thing occupies very important and prestigious role in pesticide industries in the country. For over 65% market is shared excel crop care Ltd. For its various products like yellow Phosphorous, butane dial and endosulfan. Excel industries Ltd. primarily manufactures high quality chemicals, relevant to the needs of industries and agriculture. These products are marketed all over the India and are exported to over 50 countries around the world. It is the place where in Asia first unit of phosphors, however today other companies have also been developed. In this field, they are named by United Phosphorus Ltd. is the largest in India and second in the world for producing endosalfan. They have centralized world class research in Mumbai supported by individual state of the Art Research Centre, at each of their manufacturing plant. Excel Crop Care Ltd. Business was founded on a close relationship with the farmers, who used its products and their derivatives from an original narrow range of products for specific uses, excel has expanded its activities, so that today it provides the farmer with a broad range of products and technical guidance. This range from initial conditioning of the sail, through preparation for planting seed selection, irrigation, pest and insect control, maximizing productivity and harvesting management. An integral component in achieving this success is a system of fully integrated production linked to the development of process technology appropriate to the needs of its customers.
NAME AND ADDRESS Name : Address: Excel Crop Care Ltd. Bhuj-Mundra road, Nr. Kera Village, Gajod 370 430, Kutch - Gujrat Board of directors: A.C. Shroff (Chairman) Dipesh K. Shroff (managing Director) Prakash K. Shroff (Executive Director) J. R. Naik M. L. Shah Mukul G. Asher Sandeep Junnarkaa B. V. Bhargava Douglas J. Rathbone Kevin Martin Sharad L. Patel L. Rajagopalan Vice President (Account & Mis. & Secretary) V. K. Parmar Banker: Bank of India Syndicate Bank State Bank of India Citi Bank N. A. UTI bank Ltd. Auditors: S. V. Ghatalia & Associates Goregaon (West) Mumbai Factories: Kera Gajod High way, Gajod, Kutch Ruvapari road, Bhavnagar Silvassa, Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Corporate Office : Plot No. B/5, Gaiwadi Industrial Estate,
HISTORY & ACHEIVEMENT The story of Excel crop care Ltd is not just the story of chemical, It is much as the story of mankind working there and that is the reason, it is interesting. The growth of Excel crop care Ltd won the years has shown that it is a success story throbbing with life. Excel was established at 19th November, 1941 as a small kitchen laboratory and over the year, it was groom up as a unique organization with a value based system of management style. It is a self made company of one man effort. This man Mr. Chmpraj Chaturbhuj Shroff (Mr. C.C. Shroff) a brilliant chemistry graduates. Mr. C. C. Shroff thought that India becomes truly Independent only if it could be economically independent. This man determined to prove Indias capability with the development of chemical process through technology and with in a short time. Excel Crop Care Ltd. produced some starting stock of chemical Mr. C. C. Shroff believe that India problem will solve by Indian training thats why Excel industries Emerged in India. Late Mr. C.C. Shroff the most brilliant member of the family decided to learn science by working in the factory and rescued a job first in analytical laboratory in swastika oil mill and then in western chemical, which was one of the big heavy chemical manufacturing unit in western India. The promoter Mr. C.C. Shroff, Known as papa in his family and employees. He was started this industry with the capital of Rs. 10,000/- out of this amount Rs. 2,000/- is of his family and Rs. 8,000/- from relatives and friends. In 1948 49 there were only six employees and were introduced 25 different types of products. They achieved over 1 Hundred product and process break though that even now are serving the specific needs of various clients. It is the first company in Asia and third in world to make Endoslfan and Buten Diol. They are second in the world to develop Glyphosate technical. They are third in the world Aluminium Phosphid. When company was converted into public Ltd company, there were only 10,000 share holders. The development of Excel crop care ltd is different from the development
of others. After fifty nine years of its established or existence it goes in achieving further and peck and progress. Today it has five main units which are in Bhavnagar, Jogeshwari Mumbai, Amboli hill Mumbai, Roha and Lote Parshuram. It is also maintaining its marketing officers at Headband, Madurai Mumbai, Delhi and Antwerp in Belgium etc. They operate from eight manufacturing plants, which are spread across the country in Mumbai Maharastra, Gujarat, Andrapradesh, and Silvassa. They set up an office to get closer to their customers in moreover, their representative office in Australia and Singapore. Excel Crop Care Ltd. is one of the Indias best leading manufactures and exporters of Argo- chemical and specialty chemicals. In 1994 Excel becomes the first Indian Argo- chemical company to be certified ISO-9002. Two plants of Excel are ISO9002 and one of their sites have ISO-14001 certification.
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SIZE OF THE UNIT AND FORMS OF ORGANIZATION The size of the unit can be defined on the basis of two criteria: 1. Employee strength 2. Investment As per the definition of industry, there are three types of size are as follow: 1. 2. 3. 1. Small scale industry Medium scale industry Large scale industry Small Scale Industry Small scale industries are those industries, in which capital investment is not more than 60,00,000. for the export oriented small scale unit. IMNT is one who invested less than 75,00,000 in fixed assets and current assets. 2. Medium Scale Industry The unit is the one whose investment in fixed assets and current assets is in range of 75 lac and does not exceed 100 lac. This unit is mostly used in labour incentives method of the production. 3. Large Scale Industry: The industry whose requirement in fixed assets is exceed Rs. 100 lac is known as a large scale industry. The Excel Crop Care Ltd. is large scale industry because its investment and requirement in fixed assets is more then Rs. 100 lac. Forms of the organization: Forms of the organization can be classified in three categories on the basis of ownership
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1. 2. 3. 1. Private sector
Private sector Public sector Joint sector
Private sector are those sectors who owned, managed and controlled by private individuals by private individuals. The followings are the types of private sector. Sole proprietorship Partnership Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) Co operative society 2. Public Sector Public sectors are the forms of organization established for public goods under a special act of assembly deriving independent entity and internal autonomy through the same act. For Examples: 1) Government Sector 2) Public Sector 3) Government Department 3. Joint Sector Legally the joint sector is an artificial person created for carrying on same business by an association of persons. It asserts that a company has a legal entity of its own in the sense that it has powers and characteristics determined by the provisions of law and a constitution formed in accordance with them.
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Excel Crop Care Ltd. is a public limited company as it fulfill all the characteristics of public limited company which are as follows. 1. 2. 3. restriction. 4. 5. company. 6. In such a company shares can be transferred freely. The liability of members of such a company is mostly limited. It is necessary to write the word limited at the end of the name of such a In such a company shares can be transferred freely. Such a company can invite general public to subscribe all its shares and debentures. The number of minimum members is seven and for maximum there is no
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ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF MUMBAI BOARD OF DIRECTORS CHAIRMAN MANAGING DIRECTORS MANAGING DIRECTORS (INTERNAL) GENERAL MANAGER
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ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF KUTCH VICE PRECEDENT GENERAL MANAGER SENIOR MANAGER
PERSONNEL
PRODUCTION
MARKETING
ENGIN-
AMINIST-
EERING RATION
EXECUTIVES OFFICERS STAFF SUPERVISOR WORKERS
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2. Production Department
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PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT CONTENTS SR.NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 PARTICULARS INTRODUCTION ORGANISATIONAL CHART PLANT LOCATION PLANT LAYOUT PRODUCTION PLANNING & CONTROL PRODUCTION PROCESS REPAIRS & MANINTENANCE QUALITY CONTROL MATERIAL HANDLING STORE KEEPING ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION INVENTORY MGT. SCRAP AND WASTE MANAGEMENT PAGE NO. 18 19 20 20 21 22 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
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INTRODUCTION Production plays a very important role in all the activities of company management. This is the first step of the company management. All the business activities revolve around the production process. The production activity is nothing but the step by step conversion of one form of material into another chemically or mechanically. The basic inputs of the mine, farm, sea and forest are used as raw material on which the processing is done to create the output. Production is an activity through which the form utility is either created or enhanced. Production management is a process of planning, organizing, directing and controlling the activities of production function. Production function is the conversion of raw material into finished goods. Production management is concerned with those processes which convert the inputs into outputs. The inputs are various resources like raw materials and the outputs are goods and services. In Excel Crop Care ltd. production department is looked after by production manager.
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ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Organization structure is a basic frame work of company management. It is the pattern in which various departments of the company are interconnected. In Excel Crop Care ltd. there is a line type of organization in which responsibility flow upward and authorities flow downward and upward. The following is the organizational structure of Excel Crop Care Ltd. VICE PRESIDENT GENERAL MANAGER SENIOR MANAGER PRODUCTION HEAD WORKER
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PLANT LOCATION:Site selection is an important activity which decides the fate of the business. A good location may, reduce the cost of production and distribution to a considerable extent. The reduction of cost of production and distribution helps in elevating either the competitive strength or the profit margin of the business. Therefore, the location for the factory should be selected very carefully. While selecting a site, it is necessary to consider technical, commercial, and financial and then the location is selected which may provide maximum advantages. So, looking to all these factors EXCEL CROP CARE Ltd. has established the plant in an industrial estateEXCEL CROP CARE Ltd. Has chosen this location taking into consideration following factors: Supply of Raw Material Nearness of Market. Transportation Facilities. Labour Supply. Availability of Power & Natural resources. Government Facilities. Personal Factors. Social Factors.
The following is the location address of EXCEL CROP CARE Ltd. KERA HIGH-WAY,GAJOD-KUTCH
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PRODUCTION PLANNING & CONTROL Before starting any production work it is necessary to plan out the production activity very well. If the production planning is not up to the mark then it will result to production fault. Wastage can also be reduced by controlling the production process. Production planning involves the decision on the resources that the firm will require for its further manufacturing operations and allocation of these resources to produce the desired product in the required amounts at the minimum costs. Planning is also done regarding the finance required for the production. The amount of capital required should be very well planned before starting the production. The capital should neither be less nor should it be more because in both the cases is loss for the company. The man power required for the production process should also be planned. The number of workers, supervisors, etc. should be fixed well before the production.
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MANUFACTURING PROCESS AND PRODUCT 1. ALUMINIUM PHOSPHIDE(CELPHOS): Initially Aluminum powder is taken into Reaction Pot. Yellow phosphorus is than added gradually to reaction pot. Keeping the blanketing and stirring. After the proper mixing is done reaction pot is taken to the reaction chamber, where the reaction is carried out. The P2O5 generated during the reaction is scrubbed with dilute Phosphoric Acid. The fresh water is initially used to scrub phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) generated at vessel. The phosphoric acid thus generated is recirculated at scrubber to get higher concentration of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) after natural cooling; reacted mass is taken for grinding. The ground mass is then, taken for formulation. After formulation, product is taken for tableting. Aluminum phosphide tablets are filled in Aluminum tubes of 30 gm, 860 gm, 1440 gm and 1 Kg. Aluminum Bottle. CHEMICAL REACTION 4Al + P4 -------------------------- 2) 4 AIP
ZINC PHOSPHIDE (COMMANDO) Initially, Zinc Dust is taken in to the reactor. Yellow Phosphorus is added
gradually at controlled conditions. The reaction between Zinc dust and Phosphorus takes place in this reaction vessel. After the reaction the production is taken for micro grinding and the material is formulated. The formulated product is packed into tins, pouches and drums as per requirement of size / lot. CHEMICAL REACTION 6 Zn + P4 --------------------- 2Zn3P2
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PROCESS OF (ALLUMINIUM PHOSPHIDE) (CELPHOS)
PHOSPHORUS
ALLUMINUM POWDER WATER
*EFFLUENT ALP REACTOR
P2O5 GAS STACK
*EFFLUENT
GRINDING
ABSORPTION SYSTEM
FORMULATION AGENT
FORMULATION
PHOSPHORIC ACID
TABLETTING
PACKING
*LIQUID EFFLUENT GENERATING *GAS EFFLUENT GENERATING
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PROCESS OF (ZINC PHOSPHIDE) (COMMANDO)
PHOSPHORUS
ZINC DUST WATER
*EFFLUENT
ZnP REACTOR
P2O5 GAS STACK
GRINDING DILUTANT
ABSORPTIO N SYSTEM
BLENDER PHOSPHORIC ACID

PACKING
*LIQUID EFFLUENT GENERATING *GAS EFFLUENT GENERATING

EPAIRS & MAINTENANCE Repairs and maintenance is very essential part of the production management. As entire scenario of the production is depended on the machines and plant one has to make sure that they are well maintained. The machine installed in the unit utilizes all the raw material and process them to produce the final product but when they are not well maintained they directly affect the quality of the product.
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There is systematic repairs and maintenance of the plant of the unit, as all the production work is done by manually as well as automatically. Company has hired some engineers to look after the plant and various vital components of the same & to guide workers.
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QUALITY CONTROL In industrial context quality is defined in much more functional fashion thus we can say that quality means, Fitness for use whether for a product or service. It is also considered as the sum total of the attributes or properties that describe the product. Today the existence of any manufacturing unit depends on the quality of product or services it manufactures or supplies. The image or goodwill of any unit is closely related to the quality of product made or supplied by that unit; Level of quality is the mirror for the manufacturer. Quality is very important for a manufacturer of product or services because very existence of manufacturer depends on the quality level.
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MATERIAL HANDLING According to American material handling society, material handling is the art and science of the movement, packing and the storage of substance in any form It should be noted that material handling is the distinct activity falling within the jurisdiction of production dept. It is not the part of production control but it is closely associated with the function of the production control. It is largely concerned with routine function of the production activity and to some extent the scheduling of the production dept. In EXCEL CROP CARE LTD. There is a systematic process of handling different kinds of materials.
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STORES MANAGEMENT The efficiency of the mfg. operation depends largely on the efficient functioning of the receiving and stores operations. Receiving and storing are the services, functions and involve much of the proper work. The direct production cost is reduced by strategically location of the stores ensuring quick issue and elimination of production stoppages caused by waiting for materials. It indirectly reduces the production costs in terms of reduced investments in materials, storage space and insurance, elimination of the pilferages and theft, obsolescence, reduced handling cost, etc
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ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION A success of an industrial unit lies in its production of its products without pollution the surroundings. An industrial unit for its functioning depends a lot on the environment. Without properly no matter however efficient the unit may be. If the pollution is inevitable then the industrial unit should find out some method to neutralize the effect of pollution. It should implement ways which would cut down the pollution emitted by the unit and help to keep the environment clean and pollution free. EXCEL CROP CARE LTD. Has also taken steps in order to control in the surrounding of their factory shop. The boundaries of the factory are planted with 50 to 100 trees which help a lot in neutralizing the pollution in the environment. As they produce chemicals most of the work is done through reactors and filter and in plant and machinery so it is not harming to the environment The company has also received NOC from Gujarat Pollution Board
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INVENTORY MANAGEMENT Inventory is defined as a usable resource which is physical tangible such as materials. In this sense, our stock is our inventory but even then the term inventory is more comprehensive. Though inventory is usable resource it is also an idle resource unless it is managed effectively and efficiently. Inventory control refers to the process whereby the investment in materials and parts carried in stock is regulated within predetermined limits set in accordance with the inventory policy established by management. Inventories constituent the largest component of current assets in many organization. Poor management of inventories therefore may result in business failures. In case of a manufacturing organization, the inability could bring production process to a halt. Conversely, if a firm carries cost may represent the difference between profit and loss. Efficient inventory control therefore can significantly contribute to all overall profit position of the organization.
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SCRAP AND WASTE MANAGEMENT Waste management has several dimensions: engineering, geographic, social and management. Its basic purpose is to minimize of the overall waste in the given system. Waste here refers to waste of the all kinds of the resources, but especially the material which constitute a significant portion. Some wastage is inevitable in any conversion process of inputs in to output. To reduce waste, we have therefore to maximize the use of the resources. Resource management and waste management are supportive to each other.
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3. Personnel Department
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PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT CONTENTS SR.NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 PARTICULARS INTRODUCTION ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE NO. OF. EMPLOYEES RECRUITMENT & SELECTION INDUCTION AND PLACEMENT TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT PROMOTION & TRANSFER POLICY PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL WAGE & SALARY ADMINISTRATION GRIEVANCE HANDLING COLLECTIVE BARGAINING TRADE UNION PERSONNEL RECORDS TIME KEEPING SYSTEM EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PAGE NO. 34 35 35 36 37 39 41 42 43 47 49 50 52 53 55
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INTRODUCTION Human resource department is concerned with human related activity in a firm. So here the importance of human is must. Human resource means human capital. It is classified into three categories, namely intellectual capital, social capital and emotional capital. Human resource management is a process of bringing people and organization together. So that the goals of both are achieved. Excel is a large scale unit. Therefore 771 workers are working in the company. It has a separate personnel department activities. So in the excel industries Ltd, personnel debt is very essential and plays an important role in a company. A part of this today in this last growing, world of industrialization and huge workforce has become very common. But this requires then efficient and effective management. So for this purpose and in order to solve their problems. It has become necessary for almost all units to set up a separate personnel department. So it is most important department for each and every business firm because it refers manpower, the most casual can not be performed in absence of it. So it is the department of human resources.
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ORGANISATION OF PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT Organization is a group of people working together to achieve a specific goal and working co-operatively that mutually benefits the employees and organization. People who work in the organization require a defined system or structure through which they work very efficiently to achieve their desired goals. It is a way describing employees authority chart. Organization means the arrangement of different designation. It depicts the direction of law of responsibilities, authority in a firm. In order to understand organization of a firm, organizational chart prove to be very helpful. Chief Manager (Personnel department) Senior Manager Senior Executive
Training
Industrial relation
Executive (Welfare)
Executive (Salary & Wages) Officers
From the chart we can say that Excel Crop Care Ltd. Has line & staff management. The general manager has submit or the information to the top authority. All senior manager, executive officer and staff are comes under the general manager and they are reported to them. All the workers of personnel department has been assigned to a particular person with respect to his authority position in the firm education, qualification, and level of experience.
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FUNCTIONS OF PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT The role of HR Manager is to plan, develop and administrate the polices which are designed to make more use of HR in an organization. That is the major function of HR are Recruitment Selection Induction
(1) Recruitment: - The main purpose of a personnel department must be to recruit staff of the right caliber and to keep them in employment subsequently. A high labor turnover is bad in many ways and is expensive. All different source of staff should be known and used according to the kind of staff required. Generally there are two source of recruitment (1) (2) Internal source : Promotion Demotion Transfer External : Advertising Education Institute Employment agencies Waiting list Field tripe Excel Crop Care Ltd. are using source of recruitment as under : (2) Transfer:Transfer means to change the position horizontal level of employee company is given transfer on the recommendation of employee and their staff and company is recruiting. (3) Advertisement:- As and when company want to recruit person they give advertisement contain total information which is require.
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(4) Bapa Beta scheme : - Excel Crop Care Ltd. Carry on Bapa Beta scheme under this scheme , if there is any vacancy then it is responsible then first performance is given to the children of the employee. (5) Selection:- Selection is a very important function of personnel department it is a process of offering job to the one or more proper candidate from all these who applied for services Excel Crop Care Ltd. Has adopted scientific method for selection of managerial personnel and simple method for internal selection process. (6) Internal selection method:- Internal selection method of Excel Crop Care Ltd. Is very simple because in internal method they only select the person by recommendation of this supervision (7) External Selection method : - In selection of person in Excel Crop Care Ltd. The first need of person if he is an honest person and knowledgeable then the inter different between person to person is glow the selection of Excel Crop Care Ltd. is prescribed as under Collection test Written test Personal interview Medical checkup Sending an offer Appointment
(8) Induction: - In induction selected person is informed about companys Plan, Policy, Rules and regulation. They also give information about history and objective of company to the selected person. It helps to candidate to know what activity is done in each department of the unit. In Excel Crop Care Ltd. the employees are indicated after they have appointed on the permanent basis they are made familiar with organizations safety, Hazards and safety equipment Excel Crop Care Ltd. Is meant everybody fare its homely environment everybody want together like family so here is not single problem.
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(9) selection :- Excel Crop Care Ltd. also takes help of employment exchange office in the selection process. Excel Crop Care Ltd. also invites people from the outside for arranging the interview of application. After the candidates are selected for particular work they have been placed on the job training if it required as a lateral shift causing movement of individuals from one position to another usually without involving marked change in duties responsibilities, skills needed or compensation. Transfer generally does not involve a promotion, demotion or a change in job status other than movement from one job or place to another. Transfer are generally affected to build up a morel satisfaction weak team and to achieve the original goals. In Excel Crop Care Ltd. mostly transfer that take place are inter department. These transfers take place with the mutual consultation among the departmental heads or plant managers, when transfer to take place are of long duration, written orders, signed by the personnel manager are issued to the employee to be transferred. At times, the employees are also transferred form one branch of Excel Crop Care Ltd. to another.
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TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT Training is an act of increasing knowledge & skills of employee for doing a particular job. Training is the process of learning, a sequence of programmed behavior. It is application of knowledge. It is an attempt to improve current or future performance of a person by increasing his or her ability and increasing his or her skill and knowledge. A well trained worker can be an assets of the unit. So expenses for training should not be considered as a wastage of money but it should be considered as an investment of business. Training is the corner stone of sound management for it. It makes employees more effective and productive needs for training programmes. In Excel training programmes and work according to programmes. For training Excel adopt the method participating training techniques. Excel also arranged lecture from outside. It has separated training and development, which is known as E ETTE. This department not only work for giving training to its employee for effectiveness in his job, but also producing a better citizen. It all department has performance appraisal system by which they find employees who need training every department had more list of the employee for training and which type of training we need department needs send to EITME department.
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JOB DESCRIPTION Job description is described on the base of data collected through Job analysis. Job description is a functional description of the contain what the job entails, it is a description it is a description of 1.the duties and activities to be perform in a job, the relationship of the job, the equipment, tools, machinery involved, the nature of supervisors. Thus job descriptions differentiate one job from another in this regard you can say that job description is a written statement to what a job holder need to do? How it is done? And why it is done? Job description is a list of specified job duty, responsibility, reporting, relationship, working condition and job description is one product of job analysis. In excel crop care ltd all the managing director and other directors have their specified authorities and responsibilities and workers are also assigned their work very clearly. In this company there is good and well defined job description which takes place in job level management. But in level it will net work because they believe that the use of its makes that scope for job.
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PROMOTION AND TRANSFER POLICY: Promotion is a movement to a position in which responsibility and increases. Promotion is very important motivation factor. If it is given to a suitable person than it will give a benefit to both the party. Promotion improves the efficiency of employees. It is source of recirculation. According to Scott and clothier: A promotion is the transfer of an employee to a job which pays more money on one that carries some preferred status. Promotion is term which covers and calls for greater responsibilities and usually involves higher pay and better terms and condition of service and therefore a higher status or rank. In another words it is an up-wards advancement to another job which command better wages, better status. Mainly promotions are given on the basis of: A) B) seniority performance
In Excel Crop Care ltd., promotion is given on the basis f seniority. They also take into of consideration the performance appraisal system. But the organization gives that more experience of the work prepares skillful man in his work. So seniority is very important for promotion. In excel there is the policy to give promotion on the basic of seniority , as the organization believes that efficiency of the employee increases along with time and experience. At the same time the quality of work and result of performance approved is also taken into consideration. Transfer :- A transfer is a horizontal or lateral movement of an employer from one job, selection department shift, plant or position to another usually without involving any charge in duties, responsibilities. , skill, needs or compensation. In Excel crop care Ltd., in Kutch site jobs are not transferable. Only internal transfers are there. That means one department to another department within the organization. Transfer is applicable from one branch to another branch.
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PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL SYSTEM In 1983, New York city civil services in America introduced a performance appraisal programme. The purpose of performance appraisal is to determine what aspects of the performance need to be evaluated, A different action has to be mad between performance and the job potential the promotion. It is one of the oldest & most universal policies of management. Performance appraisal is a purpose of estimation or judges the value excellence, qualities or status of some object person or thing. Once the employee has been selected, trained and motivated he is then appraisal for his performance. Performance appraisal is the step where the most finds out how effective it has been at hiring and placing employees. If any problems are identified are taken to communicate with the employee and to the employee. It is the process of evaluating and employees performance of a job in team of its requirements. Performance appraisal is also known as other name such as merit rating and behavioral assessment services rating and fitness report. There are many method of performance appraisal, but in Excel Crop Care Ltd. the person who is working in the organization is appraised by the rating scale method of performance appraisal. Under this method, there are types of printed forms for managerial level, staff level & workers level for appraisal the performance the terms are included in this form to appraise the employees performance is appraise by this method. Employees performance is appraised by his superior. with the help of this method, they can find out the employees whose performance is good and gets high score is given increment in wages, promotion and also recognition then he has given training and the employees whose performance is bad then he has given notice to be careful regarding his work.
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WAGE AND SALARY ADMINISTRATION Wage and salary are the basic package of the compensation. Normally salary refuse to the payment made to white collar employee i.e. Managers, officers etc. where as wages are paid to blue collar employee i.e. foremen, workers etc. Sufficient wages and salary also become the factor to motivate employees toward the goal of an organization. Because high salary motivate workers to do their work more effectively and efficiently. So in this way both workers as well as organization can achieve their goal. Generally the common system of paying to workers is the based on time i.e. rate per hour, per day, per month or per year, wages can be calculated in two ways. (1) (2) Nominal wages Real wages
Nominal wages are those which are paid in terms of money to the employees while real wages are those which wages are paid in terms of purchasing power with regard of some basic years. Wages and salary administration is concerned with the financial aspect of needs motivation and rewards.
In Excel Crop Care Ltd. the employee get their wages and salaries by every month. The management and staff members gets the salary not in the term of cash but in terms of ATM card or cheque. While workers gets their wages in term of cash every day. In case if employee wants his salary in advance, he has to apply for it on the 22 nd of the preceding month. If the employee takes a loan then the amount of installment is directly deducted form his or her salary. In this company the wages and salary structure divided into theses grades. (1) (2) (3) executive grad supervisor or staff grade worker grade
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Along with the basic wages and salary, some allowance are given to the employees by Excel Crop Care Ltd. which are as follow. ALLOWANCE House, Rent, Allowance Dearness Allowance Educational Allowance Washing Allowance Attendance Allowance Leave & Travel Allowance Night Shift WORKERS GRADE 70 % of the salary (Basic + DA) Rs. 1116.35 per month Rs. 425 per month Rs. 366.70 per month Rs. 396 per month Rs. 3000 per year Rs. 5 per night STAFF GRADE 15 % of the salary (Basic + DA) Rs.3395 per month Rs.850 per month Rs. 249 per month Rs. 275.50 per month Rs. 3200 per year Rs. 7. per night MANAGEMENT GRADE 17 % of the salary (Basic +DA) Rs.5136.50 per month Rs. 400-1000 per month Rs. 5400-15000 per year
WORKING OF E.S.I. SCHEME The full form of E.S.I. Scheme is Employees state insurance Corporation scheme. This scheme is designed by the Government for the benefit of the employee under work on compensation act 1948. In this scheme the employee and the company are the major contributors. The rest of the amount is contributed by the Government. The total contributed towards this scheme is managed by the Government. This scheme is also applicable to the employees of Excel Crop Care Ltd. but only these employees whose salary is lower than RS.6500. The facilities provided under this schemes: (1) (2) (3) Medical facilities for the employees and ten family members. There are formal hospital of E.S.I corporation in Kutch. In case of employee is injury and sickness, 75 % of this salary given to him. In case of the death of the employee his family member are given compensation and pension also.
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(4) (5)
Maternity leave is given to the female employees of the company for 3 months with salary. Many other facilities are also provided as per the E.S.I.C scheme. 1.75 % amount is contributed from employees salary, 4.75 % amount is contributed by the company. So, total of 6.50 % amount is contributed by the employee and the company are
sent to the ESI head office which is situated in Ahmedabad. There are 985 employees and all are covered under this scheme.
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PROVIDENT FUND SCHEME Provident fund (P.F) scheme is applicable only to those companies which have more than 20 employees as per the provident fund act of 1952. As per this scheme 12 % id deducted from the employees salary and 12 % is contributed by the company. So the total of 24 % is contributed to the employees provident fund. From this employees provident fund: (1) (2) 8.33 % is given to the employee as pension (only if he has worked with the company for min. 10 years.) 1.67% us given to him on his retirement. The amount of provident fund can be refunded by the employee in the following manner: (1) (2) 80 % of provident fund can be withdrawn for housing. 25 % of provident fund can be withdrawn for other purposes like sickness, disease etc.. As per the provident fund act of 1952 all the companies to which this act is applicable have to compulsorily maintain and manage the employees provident fund.
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GRIEVANCE HANDING PROCESS Jucius says A Grievance is any discontent or dissatisfaction, whether expressed or not, whether valid or not, arising out of anything connected with the company which an employee thinks, believes or even feels, to be unfair, unjust or inequitable. Flippo says A grievance is a type of discontentment which most always be expressed. A grievance is usually more formal in character than a complaint. It can be valid or ridiculous and must grow out of something connected with company operations or policy. It must involve an interpretation of application of the provisions of the laborer contract. ILO defines a Grievance as A complaint of one or more workers in respect of wages, allowance, conditions of work and interpretation of service stipulations converting such areas as average leave transfer, promotion, seniority, job assignment and termination of services. The Grievance handling procedure is a device by which Grievance are settled generally to the satisfaction of the trade union or in the labor relations and under take suitable corrective measures. The Grievance system at Excel Crop Care Ltd. is peculiar like all other companies of similar size, there is a prescribed system for settling Grievance. But a Family Approach steps in whenever one doesnt feel satisfied with the normal procedure. Its every employee has a direct access to the top man of the company the M.D. Invaluably in all cases, the M.D looks in to his Grievance and things are settled to the satisfaction of both parties. Anyone can reach the head office of the company without the barrier of any bureaucratic channels. But the M.D cannot reach directly down the line, without going through reaper channels so ensuring retention of authority and respect of the managers and yet not permitting any of the ills of bureaucracy to in the way of a satisfaction and speedy solution to the Grievance. The personnel manager often acts as a spokesman of the union leaders to the management.
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This system is supported by free communication, which persists and is encourage of at all levels. This acts as a binding tie for under standing various groups their feelings and as piration. Also the management acts as a friend in need and tries to help in the best possible way by providing the employees counseling in legal medical and even family matters. Here in Excel Crop Care Ltd., after every three years a meeting is arranged between the union/employees and the management is order to listen to their complaints, problems and demands. A try is made to solve their these problems and satisfy their demands to the best possible extent. In Excel Crop Care Ltd. two types of Grievance come up: (1) (2) Mass Grievance Individual Grievance
(3) Leave (4) Shift Problem (5) Canteen problem (6) Discipline etc.. The system followed by Excel Crop Care Ltd. to solve these Grievances is : (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Firstly the colleagues and other subordinate try to solve to it. If it is not solved then the immediate supervisor, looks into it and tries to solved it If not solved department head tries to solve it If not shoved the welfare department tries to solve it Even after this it is not solved the top authorities tries to solve it In case of no Grievance joint management council an association of the representative of management and workers tries to solve it
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COLLECTIVE BARGAINING & AGREEMENT
Collective Bargaining is a negotiation between the employer i.e. the management and the workers or the union to reach an agreement on their demands and problems. Here in two parties the workers union and the management get together in a bargaining process. They discuss the demands and problems of the either party negotiate and bargain on them and thus try to solve them with each others mutual concern. In Excel Crop Care Ltd. the management of the company and the workers union get together and try to solve their problem and disputes by mutual concern and understanding. In every three years, the company arranges a meeting of the management and the union. The management and the union negotiate on these problem and demands. During the whole process, the most try to solve their problems and fulfill their demands to the best possible extent and as far as possible.
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TRADE UNION
According sec- 2(B) of the trade unions act of 1926 A trade union is any combination of persons whether temporary or permanent primarily for the purpose of regulating the relation between workers and employees or between workers and workers and for imposing restrictive condition on the conduct of any trade or business and includes the federation of two or more trade unions. A trade union is device which enables a group, a class in industry or trade to bargain with any other class or group on equal feting such a union is : (1) Economically oriented. (2) An instrument of defense against exploitation. (3) An outcome of industrialization and implies class distinction. (4) Workers join trade union in order to achieve their objective which can not be achieved individually. The basic and main objective of the trade union is to work to protect and promote the interest of the workers and conditions of their employment and thus promote their living standards. In Excel Crop Care Ltd. there are two Trade Union: (1) (2) Workers Union Staff union
The Trade unions in this company are independent i.e. they are not connected to Lal wawta or any other national Trade Union. Both of the above mentioned Trade Union are recognized by the Government. And registered by the Trade Union act of 1926. The relations of the unions with the management are very good here in.
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1) Worker: There are 10 minutes is allowed for workers for late coming and after 10 minutes, they provided 5 minutes more to enter into premises and after 5 minutes if they dont come then its half days wage will be cut. 2) Staff:The staff supervisors are allowed 29 minutes for late coming and after this time they also give one minute more for coming but after 30 minutes this short leave will be use. Staff and supervisor are using shot leave in only two time in month 3) Management Management staff are not allowed to come late. Their time to reach at office is 8 : 29 but the actual time is 8 : 30. So that they must have to reach at one minute earlier then their real time. And after 8: 30 their half days salary will be cut off .
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Personnel Records Personnel records mean the preservation of information in files and documents Personnel Records are field document which contain full information about the employee i.e. regarding his qualification, nature, behavior etc. Personnel Records are to be necessarily maintained by the company as this information are very necessary for various purpose like performance appraisal, salary fixation, promotions, fixation and privileges transfer etc. for the employee. The organization also need this information for future references. In Excel Crop Care Ltd. records of each and every employee are maintained. For each employee a personnel record card (PRC) is maintained. Here the records of those individuals who have been interviewed but not appointed in case if they are needed in future. These recodes are help the company to take important decision like promotion, salary, transfer etc. regarding the employee.
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TIME KEEPING SYTEM In alder to be a successful, one has to be ahead of time or at least with time. For smooth functioning of any organizational activity it is necessary to have a sound and systematic time keeping system. It help to an Employee. 1) To regularity. 2) To particularity and punctuality. 3) To calculate and determinate of wages and salary. In Excel, regularity and punctuality is demanded right from top level management to workers. Here the time keeping system is more conscious for each and every employees then any other industries. Here punch cared system is followed. A punch card is given to every workers and staff members working in Excel. Each one has to punch this card in the punching machine. Both when they enter the premises and when they leave premises. In Excel crop Carle ltd there are mainly four shift. Shift A B C D Time 7 to 3 3 to 11 11 to 7 8:30 to 5
Here D shift called general shift.
Late corning rules:1) Worker: There are 10 minutes is allowed for workers for late coming and after 10 minutes, they provided 5 minutes more to enter into premises and after 5 minutes if they dont come then its half days wage will be cut.
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2) Staff:The staff supervisors are allowed 29 minutes for late coming and after this time they also give one minute more for coming but after 30 minutes this short leave will be use. Staff and supervisor are using shot leave in only two time in month 3) Management management staff are not allowed to come late. Their time to reach at office is 8 : 29 but the actual time is 8 : 30. So that they must have to reach at one minute earlier then their real time. and after 8: 30 their half days salary will be cut off .
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EMPLOYEE SERVICES Employee services or employee welfare activities are volentory on the part of the industry. Such activities are carried out for the social and economic upliftment of Employee and so to improve the standard of living these welfare activities and necessary. There service can be either in monetary or non monetary form. Excel crop care ltd provided the following service to its Employee to uplift their living conditions. 1) CANTEEN FACILITY:Excel has its own canteen for its Employee is provided quality food for only Rs.1 They also provided tea and breakfast for only 0.35 paisa also everyday 200 ml milk is provided to each Employee separate food is prepared for those having problems like blood pressure etc. The company also offers soda water to the Employee in the month of April, may and June. 2) UNIFORM FACILITY:In order to create Environment where the workers breathe the air of unity and also to make them feel that they all are a part of one family the company provides them uniform which is common for all its Employee i.e. from management to workers. The company provides three pairs of uniform to the workers and two pairs of uniform to the supervisor and the rest of the employee every year. Also two pairs of shocks are provided to the employees every year. 3) MEDICAL FACILITIES:Company provides facilities of medical check up a physician checks every employee and on every friday, an E.N.T. surgeon on dental surgeon or a skin specialist checks the employee. Apart from this a chest X-Ray of every employee is taken every three years . Also there is a pathology lab, cardiogram machine and a doctors room at the industrial site itself .
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Those employee whose salary is less then RS.6500 are covered under E.S.I.C. ( Employee state insurance corporation ltd) scheme and the other are covered under MRS scheme 4) BONUS :Excel is Providing bonus to its workers and employee. A company give 8.33% bonus to their workers and employee. In the year 2004 -2005 the amount of bonus is RS 20,065 5) BIRTH DAY GIFT:Each employee is given a gift on his /her birthday that also from the general manager. 6) Library:Excel has a well Equipped library at the industry site itself various different types of magazines, newspapers books etc are available in Gujarati, English and Hindi. Books on various different topic and subjects like technical, management language literature etc are available here in library This help to make the Employee more knowledge. It help them to get recreation from their routine jobs. It also help them to improve their personality . 7) Sports facility:Excel organizes sports events and competition for both, its employee and their children, once in a year. and on winning they are also given prizes. The company also provides almost all type of instruments for sports and games to its employees. 8)Encouragement To Employees Children Employees children and given prizes on topping their Exams in order to encourage them to work more herded 9) Cultural Activities :-The company arranges cultural programmes for its employee. Here they celebrate all national festivals like 15th August, 26th January etc. and at the time of other festivals like Holi, Diwali, Navratri etc., with its employees.
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10) Gifts and sweets: The company on festivals likes diwali, Dashara etc. gives sweets and gifts to all its employees 11) Co-Operative Society: Excel Crop Care Ltd. has built a co-operative society for its employee i.e. both workers and staff members like water connection etc are also provided. Also loans for food grains oil tines etc and given the employee by the company. 12) Tour & picnic facility :If certain number of employees of one department wish to go for a picnic then the company gives them Rs. 25 per head. 13) Suggestion Scheme :Every year suggestion are de invited from the employee by the management of company. From those suggestion their best one are selected and are given rewards for Rs. 501, Rs. 251 and Rs. 101 respectively some of the suggestion were also nominated for national awards given by the president of India in the past. 14) Ownership Rights:- Every employee of company is the owner of company. As each one is given certain amount of shares of the company as per their designation. 15) Gifts on Completion Of Certain Year Of Services:The company gives gifts to its employees on completion of certain years of their service. -After 20 year of service they give wrist watch. -After 25 year of service they give Rs.12.000 -After 30 year of service they give Rs. 15.000 Very few industries provided, so many facilities to their employee and treat each one of them so personality and Excel is one such company it is Indias pride.
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India is an agro based country. About 70% of its populations depends on agriculture for its living. But agriculture in India faces various problems like rain, quality seeds, quality fertilizers etc. But the main problem is of good quality pesticide. Excel is a leading pesticide manufacturing company. It is producing many important and effective pesticide apart from it. Its also explains the farmers about its proper and effective usage. It also holds seminars for it. Excel holds about 65% market shares in India where pesticide are concerned. Excel is also large chemical exporter. It is at present exporting it product to 46 countries of the world and is so earning a huge amount of foreign exchange for the country. Helping the government to improve its economy. At Excel kutch at present nearly 900 employees are working which possibly makes it the industry employing maximum persons.
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4. Marketing Department
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MARKETING DEPARTMENT SR NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8. 9. PARTICULARS INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE MARKETING SEGEMENTATION PRICING POLICY & STRATEGY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL PROMOTION MIX ADVERTISING MARKET RESEARCH CONCLUSION PAGE NO. 61 62 64 66 67 69 71 73 74
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INTRODUCTION Marketing is the activity which starts before production commences and end with consumers satisfaction. It is that phase of business activity through which human being can satisfy their wants by Exchanging goods and services. It is basic criteria for taking into consideration because it discover and translate consumer need and wants into product and services specification creating demand for this product and services and then expanding its demand. Marketing management is an important functional area of business management which is responsible for the flow of goods and services from the producers to consumer. It is one accountable for planning , organizing , directing, coordinating, motivating and controlling the marketing activities, It is the analysis , planning, implementation and control of programmes design to bring out desired Exchanges with lager audiences for the propose of personnel or mutual gain. It realize heavily on the adopion and cocoordination of product, price, promotion and place for achieving effective response, Marketing is defined as the key to achieving organizational goals consists in determining the needs and wants of the target market and delivering the desired satisfactions more effective, and efficiency than Competitors Excel as a large scale organisation has also introduced the marketing in the firm to compete the competitors to maximize sales as well as profit also. Excel crop care ltd is a manufactures, which manufacture chemical and pesticides. So that it can work smoothly marketing department plays a vital role success of the company. American marketing association said that, marketing is the performance of business activities that direct the flow of goods and services from the producer to consumer.
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ORGANIZATION OF MARKETING DEPARTMEANT Organizing of marketing department decides the authority and responsibility of the employee of the department. In order to carry out the marketing activities effectively and efficiently, there exists a need for an effectively structured organization of the marketing department where in the responsibilities of each person is clearly mentioned. The organization structure of Execs marketing department fulfills the above mentioned or requirements, the organizations chart of marketing department is as above.
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Marketing Department Structure Vice President
General Manager Agro Chemicals
General Manager Industrial Chemicals Sales Executives Officer
East Zone
South Zone Zonal Office
West Zone
North Zone
Central Zone
Staff In-charge Staff In-Change Area Representative Field Assistant
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MARKET SEGMENTATION Segmentation means dividing the total market into small units with more or less similar features. People are having different needs values and therefore markers cam not address themselves to the total population by designing marketing mix for a given product of service. So every marketing manager knows that there is no such thing like a single market for a given product or service. All markets are made up of sub-segments. According to Philip Kotler market segmentation is the subdividing of marketing into homogeneous subsets of customers, where any subset may conceivably selected on market target to be reached with a distinct marketing mix. B. Product oriented view As far as Excel is concerned market is segmented by two ways. Product Oriented View
Product Base Organization
Area Base Segmentation
Inductions Chemicals ManufacturingHead Office Jogeshwari Ambali Bhavnagar Roha Lote Parshuram Zonal Office Delhi Hydrabad Kolkota
Agriculture Production Branch Office Madhurai Banglore Patna
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Area Base only Five zones
East Zone
West Zone
North Zone H.O ( Delhi )
South Zone H.O (Hydemad)
Maharashtra Zone H.O (Muumbai)
Head office Head office (Kolkata ) (Ahemadabad )
Office Branch :1. Orissa 2. Bihar 3. Banglore Gujarat Madhya Pradesh Rajasthan Punjab Uttarpradesh Haritana Kolia Karnataka Goa Maha Rashtra
For managing the market activities in different states area sales manager are adopted. Apart from this other factions are also taken into consideration while segmenting the market for a new product and also this segmentation make the function of marketing smooth. It is very hopeful in advertising the product as coding to state in marketing research and arranging channel of distribution.
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PRICING POLICIES The price can be defined as the Exchange value of a product or services. Always expressed in monetary terms. It is the only element in the marketing mix that produces revenue, the other elements produce costs. Also it is a unique element of marketing mix with maximum flexibility as compared to its other elements. It is a ratio of two values. In simple words market races also the values at which goods and services are exchanged pricing is an impotent factor in determining both the revenue end profits of the enterprise. Hence determining the price is extremely important task. Excel always believed that they paid it the customers to maintain a price line corresponding to the cost and not take advantages of shortage or market fluctuation. It has paid with rich dividends in the long run. Excel takes into consideration the following factors while fixing the place. 1) Cost of the production :It includes all types of production cost fixed as well available. 2) Taxes :Freight Excise Sales tax 3) Objective of business:The objectives of Excel Is to provide satisfaction to the Consume and not to take advantages of fluctuation. 4) Competitors Price:Excels competitors are buyers Parul Chemicals 5) Distribution policy:Excel distribution chummed is very wide so cost of distribution play a very important role in price of other product 6) Government policy:Excel fixes the police as per the rules of governments. However the company do not follow demand as a main determinant of its product. Even if it has high demand, it charges law policy with a view to provide maximum satisfaction to the consumers.
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CHANNEL OF DISTRIBUTION Channel of distribution may be define as a pathway composed of intermediaries, also called middle men, who perform such function as well as needed to ensues smooth and sequential blow of goods & services from the manufacturing ends to consuming ends in order to achieve marketing objective of a company. Distribution channel means the set of marketing activities to the movement overflow of goods & services from the primary product to the ultimate consumer. Marketing channels or distribution can be defined as sets of inter department organization involved in the process of marketing. Product or service available for use or consumption. Distribution channel is a key external resources. It takes year to be built and not easily changed so it is ranked with the key internal resources. Such as manufacturing research etc. As far as important is concerned. Excel Crop Care Ltd. produced goods can be distributed or sold through various channels as under. 1) 2) 3) Sales through advertising Sales through traveling Sales through retail shop
Excel Crop Care Ltd. produced agricultural chemicals and industrial chemicals so they adopt different channels for both the products. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT Here the companys products are first sent to its distributors. There are about 22 distributors of Excel for its agricultural product all over the Gujarat. The distributors are the major stockiest of the products. These distributors sale specific amounts of product to the dealers or retailers. The dealers serve as an important link between the company and the consumer. They are the actual risk bearers.
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CHANNEL OF DISTRIBUTION
Excel Crop Care Ltd.
State Distributors
District Distributors
Wholesalers
Retailers Consumers Industrial Product The group of consumer for the industrial product is small and also most of these products manufactured here at the Kutch site are exported. No need is felt for distributors or retailers. Here zero level channel of distribution is used i.e. the products directly reach at their ultimate consumer.
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SALES PROMOTION Sales promotion consist of a diverse correction of incentive tools mostly shout tram designed to simulate quicker or greater purchase of particular products or services by consumers or the trade. Sales promotion is an important instrument in marketing to lubricate the marketing effort. Today sales promotion is necessity. Sales promotion is a bridge or a connecting link covering the gap between advertising and personal sales man ship, the two wings of promotions. Sales promotion includes tools for :1) consumer promotion 2) Tread promotion 3) Business and sales force promotion Purpose of Sales Promotion:Sales promotion offers an incentive to buy. These incentives type promotion are used. 1) To attract new tiers. 2) To reward loyal customers 3) To increase repurchase rate of occasional users. Sales promotions are very effective. 2) 1) When a new brands is introduction When a major improvement. In the existing product has to be communicated to the customers. 3) When we want to amplify the results of the advertising 4) When we want to increase the number of retail stores to sell our products. The purpose of promotion is to attract new customers in order to reward loyal customers and to increase the repurchase rates of occasional users. Promotion activity has specific purposes which are as under
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It is an impotent activity being performed by the marketing department of the Excel Crop Care Ltd. to increase the sales volume it use some good criteria for sales promotion. 1) Credit facility The company allow 30 days credit facilities to all its customers. If necessary this limit is Extended 2) Discounts & Allowance The company provides trade discount and sales discount to the dealers so that they sell more. 3) Commission and gift The company gives commission to those dealers who sell maximum apart from this other incentives like rewards, gifts Special discount etc. are given by the company to its. Dealers on selling maximum. 4) After sales service The company maintains constant touch with its customers even after sales in case if the goods are damaged the cost of replacement is from borne by the company. Instant steps are taken by the company against the complaints received from the customers. The company explains the complete usage of products along with its usage procedure, benefits, disadvantages etc. To its users i.e. the farmer through project slides, demonstration, pamphlets etc. Incase if they later on come up with doubts and queries. The company tries to help them out as soon as possible. 5) Publicity In order to attract new customers, the company held meetings, conferences etc. where in the perspective usage of its products are called to attend them executions are also held for the same. So from the above, one can say that Excel Crop Care Ltd. has well diversified and well developed sales promotional framework.
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ADVERTISING Advertising is a primarily a private enterprise marketing tool. Advertising is a cost effective way to disseminate the message in developing and advertising programme. Marketing manger must always start by identifying the target market and buyers motive. Advertisement is any paid form of non personal presentation and promotion of ideas goods and services by an identified sponsor. Advertisement is one of the four major tools companies use to direct successive communication to target buyers and public. Advertising may be defined as any paid form of non personnel presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or services by an identified sponsor organization obtain their advertising through different medias. In Excel all manufacturing branches advertising work is bundled by the head office at Mumbai Excel adopted the medias for advertisement on following two ways Advertising
Audio (Radio) Video (Television )
Printed Posits Weakly Advertisements in magazines and Newspapers
Demonstration Calendars Company gives the advertisement according to several states. It means in regional language. In the media of video vision they arrange a show in village.
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As far as Excel industries ltd is concerned advertisement media used by the company are as under: 1) A series of the literature for the actual consumer i.e the former communicating the befits and the instruction for the use of the product 2) Set of literature for student in education 3) Well printing and posters. 4) Calendars 5) News papers and magazines advertisement 6) Radio advertisement 7) Demonstration in village
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MARKET RESEARCH Marketing research is a management tool that involves the top management to learn more about the most appropriate marketing must . It is the intelligence service of the industry capable of furnishing ideal solution to different marketing problems that arise in day to day business. Marketing research is the systematic design collection analysis and reporting of data the finding relevant to a specific marketing situation facing the company. Marketing research mostly involves brand performance, product usage, advertisement awareness, sales promotion, physical distribution, dealers behavior competition and so on. As the work of advertisement the head office at Mumbai does the work of marketing research. The scope of marketing research stretches from the identification of consumer wants and needs of the evaluation of consumer satisfaction. It includes research in respect of consumers product, sales, distribution channel, advertising, pricing and physical distribution. It also covers sales forecasting for companys product which has been dealt with planning of marketing operations. As far as Excel Crop Care Ltd. is concerned for marketing research following two steps they have to take into consideration. 1) Present situation 2) Planning and forecast Excel has established two researches In this institution they make the efforts for water management, try to reduce the pollution and for other research activity from the forecast of future atmosphere they can forecast about the future demand in the market.
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CONCLUSION I would like to mention here following plus points in the marketing department. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Excel has very wide domestic as well as international market. Excels segmentation is based on four zones east, west, north, south. Excel industry ltd in Kutch site, produce five products. Product planning are made with the help of stock of raw material, marketing department Excel capturing the 651% market in its Agriculture product Excel fixes the price with the consideration of all types of cost and desire profit. Excel has one, two and three level channel for distribution. For sales promotion Excel provide attractive discount and arrange Exhibition. Excel does not believe in advertisement rather than it believes in quality. However with the aim of stand in market. It advertises it product with all types of medics. Excel has very strong marketing research, it takes a help of various institution survey. Excel exports its products into 40 countries.
In short market condition of Excel is very strong and it is one of the basis chemical companies of India.
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5. Finance Department
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FINANCE DEPARTMENT CONTENTS
SR NO. 1 2 3 4 5
PARTICULARS INTRODUCTION ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE FINANCIAL PLANNING SOURCES OF FINANCES CAPITALISATION
PAGE NO. 77 78 81 81 82
CAPITAL STRUCTURE
84
MANAGEMENT OF FIXED ASSETS
85
8 9 10 11 12 13
CAPITAL BUDGETING MANAGEMENT OF WORKING CAPITAL LEVERAGE PROFIT AND DIVIDEND DISTR RATIO ANALYSIS CONCLUSION
86 87 90 91 93 94
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INTRODUCTION. Finance serves as the backbone of the firm. Finance may be defined as the art and science of managing money, financial services is concerned with the design and delivery of advice and financial products to individuals business and governments. Financial management is concerned with the duties of the financial managers in the business. Financial management as an integral part of overall management can be described in the light of the two broad areas of Economics. It emerged as distinct field of study at the team of the 20th century. Finance management is that managerial activity which is concerned with the planning and controlling of the firms financial resources. It concealed with the planning, raising controlling and administrating the fund in a firm. The decision regarding finance must be properly taken by a flam. Financial management mean procurement & Effective utilization of fund. It us said Business takes money to make money It is defined as key of successful business operation without proper administration of finance. Excel crop care ltd has a very sound finance department but at the head- office, the Kutch site of Excel has only cost and accounting department. This is so because all the major decisions and functions regarding the finance except those of accounting etc are undertaken by the head office Mumbai. The work of accounting and other functions are performed here at the Kutch site.
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ORGANIZATION OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT The vital importance of the financial decision to a firm makes it emergent to set up a sound efficient organization for the finance function. The responsibility of financial management are spread through out the organization in the sense that financial management is to an extent, an integral part of the job for the managers involved in planning, allocation of resources and control. Financial management is highly specialized in nature and is handled by specialists. It is therefore, financial management functions. Science finance is a capital functional area. The ultimate responsibility for carrying out financial management functions lies with the top management that is board of directors however the exact nature of the organization of the financial management function differs from firm to firm depending upon factors such as size of the firm, nature of its business, type of financing operation, ability of financial officers and the financial philosophy and so on.
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ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT BOARD OF DIRECTORES MANGEINGDIRECTORES HEAD OF DEPARTMENT
TREASURER KUTCH UNIT HEAD OF THE BRANCE PLANNING & BUDGETTING (OFFICER) ACCOUNTING (OFFICER) EMPLOYEE BENEFITE (OFFICER)
CONTROLLER
INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT (OFFICER)
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ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF ACCOUNTING DEPARTMENT General Manager Finance Manager Sr. executive officer Staff Peon The activities undertaken by the finance department areas under:1. Estimating financial requirement of the firm. 2. Searching for new sources of finance. 3. Recoding business transactions. 4. Maintaining books of accounts 5. Designing the capital structure. 6. Management of cash 7. Management of dealing with the bank 8. Fixed assets management 9. Working capital management
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FINANCIAL PLANNING. The process of estimating the funds requirements of a firm and determining the sources of funds is called financial planning. FINANCIAL PLANNING MEANS 1. 2. 3. Estimating the amount of capital to be raised. Determining the for and proportionate amount of security Laying down the policies for administration of the financial plan.
Financial planning indicates a firms growth performance, investments and requirements of funds during a given period of time, usually three to five year. It involves the preparation of projected a profit and loss account balance sheet and fund flow statement benefits of financial planning: Identifies advance actions to be taken in various areas. Seeks to develop a number of options in various areas that can be exercised under different conditions. Facilitates a systematic exploration of interaction between investment and financing decisions. surprise. Ensures that the strategic plan of the firm is financial viable. Clarifies the links between present and future decision. Forecasts what is likely to happen in future and hence helps in avoiding
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CAPITALIZATION Capitalization is an important constituent of a financial plan according to the board interpretation. The term capitulation is synonymous to the term Financial Planning. But according to the narrow interpretation, the term capitalization refers to the process of determining quantum of long term funds that an enterprise would require to run its business. Capitalization means the process of building up the capital structure and topping the sources to mobilize the capital in the form of share or loans or researcher. A Company may be under capitalization and over capitalization or fair capital A company is under capitalized if its real value is more than the book value of share. A company is an over capitalizes if its real value is less than the book value of share. A company is fair capitalized if its real value is equal to the book value of share. In any company capitalization should be well balanced where companies resources can be utilized fully. At Excel crop care ltd the rate of return on equity capital is too high but it is properly capitalized. Book value of share. = Capital + Reserves & surplus No.of share. Real value of share. = Capital of earning No. of shares. Because capitalization of earning. = Net earning * 100 Expected data of return
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CAPITAL STRUCTURE The term capital structure refers to the proportion of debt and equity capital. The financing decision of a firm relates to the choice of the proportion of there sources to finances the investment requirement. The importance of an appropriate capital structure is, thus there is a viewpoint that strongly support the close relationship between leverage and value of a firm. There is an equally strong body of opinion which believes that financing mix all the combination of debt and equity has no impact on the share holders wealth and the decision on financial structure is irrelevant. In other word there is nothing such as optimum capital structure. Capital structure can affect the value of a company by affecting earnings all the cost of capital all both. The capital structure decision can influence the value of the firm through the earning available to the share holders. But the leverage can largely influence the value of the firm through the cost of capital. The capital structure of excel crop care ltd as on 31-3-05 is as below:Share capital Reserve & surplus Secured loan unsecured loan Rs.(Lacs) 550.28 6773.80 5979.07
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MANAGEMENT OF FIXED ASSETS Fixed assets one long term assets i.e. the assets that remain with the company for more than one year. Here in huge investment are to be made. These assets give benefits for long term and so that can be used for carefully. Due to these reasons Excel crop care ltd gives high importance to the management of fixed assets also it needs to do if as it is manufacturing unit. At the KUTCH site of Excel crop care ltd all the manufacturing plants are well Excel has adopted the straight line method of depreciation. Rs. (Lacs) Fixed assets Depreciation Net assets 10092.45 3962.02 6130.43
Fixed Assets Turnover Ratio This ratio shows the efficiency and profitability of the business when the ratio is less then one the efficiency of the firm is low which shows the fixed assets are not used optimally but if the ratio is more then one the firm is said to the efficiently Excels Fixed assets loan over ratio. = sales fixed assets
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CAPITAL BUDGETING
Capital budgeting decisions pertain to fixed all long term. assets which are in operation of assets which are in operation return over a period of time usually exceeding one year. Capital budgeting is employed to evaluate the capital expenditure decision that involves the current outlay but beneficial for the company over a period of time. period longer then one year. This benefits which company gets by the capital budgeting decisions are in firm of increase revenue of decrease the cost there fore capital expenditure involves disposition modification addition and replacement of fixed assets. Capital budgeting is the process of evaluating and selecting long term investments that are consistent with the goal of share holders (owners) wealth maximization. Capital budgeting decisions are of paramount importance in financial decision marking in the first place such decisions affect the profitability of a firm they also have a bearing on the competitive position of the enterprise manly because of the fast that they relate of fixed assets the fixed assets represent in a sense. The true earning assets of the firm they enable the firm to generate finished good That am ultimately be sold for profit include budgeting process include but inter elated four distinct but inter reelected steps used to valuate and select long term proposals:- proposal generation evaluation selection and follow up. The head office at excel industry considers all the function of each plant. In capital budgeting future plan are also taken into consideration and target given to each manufacturing brands in production. At Excel crop care ltd following are the capital budgeting. Rs. (Lacs) Share capital Receiver and surplus Fixed assets 550.28 6773.80 10092.45
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MANAGEMENT OF WORKING CAPITAL The goal of working capital management is to manage the firms current assets and liability in such a way that a satisfactory level of working capital is maintained. The working capital management is concerned with the problems that arise in attempting to manage the current assets refers to those assets which in the ordinary course of business can be or will be converted into cash within one year. There are two concepts of working capital gross and Net. The gross working capital means the current assets which represent the proportion of investment that circulates from one form to another in the ordinary conduct of business. While net working capital is current assets and current liabilities or alternatively the portion of current assets financial with long- term funds. 1. Inventory Management Inventory are the goods held for eventual sales by the firm. They are one of the major elements which help the firm in obtaining the desired level of sale. Inventory can be classified into three groups 1. Raw material 2. Work in progress 3. Finished goods Inventory represents the second targets assets category for manufacturing companies next only to plant and equipment. The proportion of inventories to total assets Excel Crop Care Ltd has a seasonal market for many of its products so the company requires to store enough stocks of inventories for the purpose of packing and storing of finished good. Excel has three store rooms for storming costly and sensitive raw material and finished goods, the company has an A.C. store room, Excel follows FIFO method of pricing, Excel has adopted the following two method of inventory management. 1) Economic order quality.
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2) Selective inventory control. These techniques help excel to determine an optimum inventory level. The optimum inventory level is that level which minimizes the total of ordering and carrying costs. Both of the above mentioned technologies are used by the company at the same time. These techniques not only control the inventory level but also assure uninterrupted production process by judging proper re-order level and safety stock. In Excel each branch does its own inventory management which calculates its safety stock and re-order level and order for the raw material to the head office when it reaches the re-order level decided by it. So, on the whole it can be said that Excel has adopted a scientific inventory control system which is effectively and efficiently applied to day to day working. Due to this, it might never face a crisis of inventory. 2. Management of Receivables Receivable means debit owned by the company arising from sales all any other ordinary course of business. The sale of goods on credit is an essential part of modern competitive business. Infect credit sales treat as a marking toil to with sales. Excel crop care ltd is investing considerable portion of working. Capital in trade creditor book debt so it should be managed well can has fixed up to 30% of working capital in book debt the firms investment in receivable to depend up on collection of period. 1) The value of credit sales 2) The collection of period
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Excel crop care ltd have adopted selective credit policy so it does not grant credit to very customer but only those whose financial position is good and payment are favorable, Generally company grant a credit of three months, so companies collection efforts are minimum. Thus company have got very favorable condition in granting trade credits. Excel crop care ltd has developed such an optimum credit policy through its management, which is giving marginal balance of cost and benefits. Excels liquidity position is very good so it is intestines more and more in book debts to attract the customer. 1. Cash Level Bank Management Cash is the most liquated assets that a business owner has. It includes money and such instruments as cheques, money order or bank draft, which banks normally accept for deposit on immediately credit to the deposit account. Cash is the sole assets at the commencement and the termination of business, planning for cash requirement is essential managerial function of any business. In Excel crap care and 1td each branch and each plant locations prepare cash budget twice in a month. And many additional cash budget for short time and long period are also prepared to make cash planning more effective. In every 15 days they prepared summary of cash inflow and out blow and find out surplus or credit and there after it is sent to head office provides cash. Now on the basis of cash budget prepared by different branches and location the head office prepared overcall call cash budget of the firm. The company is maintaining cash and bank balance very properly. Mainly financial department of Kutch unit is engaged in cash planning.
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OPERATING LEVERAGE Operating leverage is caused due to fixed operating expenses in firm. The leverage associated with investment activities is referred to as operating leverage. Operating leverage results from the existence of fixed operating expenses in the firms income stream. The operating leverage may be defined as the firms ability to used fixed operating leverage costs to magnify the effects of changes in sales on its earnings before interest and taxes. Operating leverage accuse any time a firm has fixed costs that must be met regardless of volume. In Excel Crop Care Ltd Operating leverage is as under. Operating leverage = Contribution Operating cost Financial Leverage Financial leverage is caused due to fixed financial costs in firm. It is defined as the ability of firm to use fixed financial charges to magnify the effects of changes in EBIT on the earning per share. Financial Leverage involve the use of funds obtained at a fixed cost in the hop of increasing the return to the share holders. Financial leverage results from the presence of fixed financial charges in the firms income stream. These fixed charges do not very with the earnings before taxes. They are to be paid regardless of the amount of EBIT available to pay them. Excel crop care ltd has employed debenture and term loan in its capital structure. If company is earning is higher than it is called unfavorable leverage. Financial leverage = EBIT EBIT- Interest
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PROFITABILITY AND DIVIDEND DISTRIBUTION Profit is the primary objective of business. Excel is an industry when in heavy investment is involved therefore profit is very essential for its sound working and maintenance, no single company can survive without profit for a long time profit receipts the efficient performance of the firm and effective and optional utilization of its resources. Excel crop care ltd is marking profits since many years and has a strong and sound financial positions with few ups and downs. The ten years highlights of its magnificent performance is attached behind. Profit is the life blood of any business. As blood is important for life same profit is important for survival of business. Excel crop care ltd makes profit gradually from many years and it has strong financial position. In excel crop care ltd. There is increase, in profit every year, which is as under. YEAR 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 PROFIT (LACS) 896.16 2363.81 2119.52 441.25 725.11 316.37 1038.99 2221.62
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RIGHT, BONUS, CONVERTIBLE BONDS ISSUES & FUND RAISING 1) Right issue Authorized capital means the amount of capital that a Company can potentially represents the authorized capital. We cam also said that it is the amount which a company can raised from the ordinary share holders and cam be changed in the Prescribed manner. The amount which a company offered or Call up the share holders or invertors is called issue capital. So this issued capital is also a part of authorized capital. The subscribed capital is the capital which is subscribed to the investors and it is the part of subscribe capital. It is that amount which a company received from share holders. The advantages of this capital are enjoying controlling power right to control, voting system limited liability. 2) Bonus Excel industries Ltd is providing bonus to its workers and employees on diwali and other festivals. Employees, managers and workers get same bonus on the festivals. 3) Convertible Bond Issue Similar to promissory note bonds represents creditor ship securities. As a secured instrument, it is promise to pay interest and repay principal at stipulated times. The convertible bonus provides flexibility to the company to redeem there prematurely. Generally firms issue bonds presumably at low rate of interest when market condition is affordable to redeem such bonus. In other words, the firm refunds its debt. 4) Fund Raising Through Public Deposit People keep their savings with the company in the form of deposit for a period of six months to 3 years. The ratio of interest is different for public deposits of different maturity. The company meets its requirement of working capital by accepting deposit from the public. The rate of interest on these deposits is generally greater than that on the bank deposits. Hence people are induces to keep their savings as public deposit rather than bank deposit. The business units need not mortgage their assets to obtain public deposits. There fore, public deposits tend to be more flexible than the bank loans. At present most of the companys prefer public deposits as a source of short term capital.
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RATIO ANALYSES Ratio analyses is a widely used tool of financial analyses it can be used to compare the risk return relationship of firms of different size. It is defined as the systematic use of ratio to interpret the financial statements so that the strengths and weaknesses of a firm as well as its historical performance and current financial condition can be determined. The term ratio refers to the numerical or quantitative relationship between the two items. Ratio analysis is a systematic use of ratio to interpret the performance and status of the firm. 1. Current ratio = = 2. Net profit ratio = = 3. Gross profit ratio = = = 4. Reserves to Sales Ratio = = = 5. Debt Equity Ratio = = = Current assets Current liabilities 6770.53 7304.11 = Net profit x 100 Net sales 2192.78 41548.23 5.281 Gross Profit Ratio Net Sales 3895.25 x 100 41548.23 9.38% Reserves x 100 Sales 6773.80 x 100 41548.23 16.30% Debt Equity 9222.94 7324.08 1.26%
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CONCLUSION After obtaining the information of it, I find the following important facts in financial. Management department. All works are according performed with the help computer and expert employer The General manager takes the essential and final financial decision. There are two types of financial planning long term and short term Excel has very good capitalization. Book value of share and real value of share has very small difference so there is no position of under and over capitalization. The General manger monitor the site fixed assets management. Fixed assets turn over ration is 3.51 lacs.
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6. SWOT Analysis
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INDEX Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 Particulars Strength Weakness Opportunities Threats Page No. 96 96 96 96
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SWOT ANALYSIS 1. Strength
In this unit the main positive as strength of the company is the unity among the members. Production process is highly modern technology thats why the process is very fast. 2. 3. Weakness Opportunities They does not approach in Foreign Countries. To produce raw material in their company. If the company re-engineers its infrastructure, it has a very good future to be with. 4. Threats It should rather focus on any one kind of product there are also the product there are also the threats like seasonal. In rainy season they cant produced product in time.
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7. Future Plans
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FUTURE PLAN
The company is planning to develop and improve the products which would Increase their revenue. The company feels these changes will have great demand in India & are putting in their best efforts to make the products successful.
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8. Suggestion
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SUGGESTION
It appears that Excel Crop Care Ltd. has put a restriction on itself as far as marketing opportunities are concerned, by appointing dealer/distributors who are the real marketing outlets. They should try & penetrate more in major industrial towns. At present the company develops products or makes improvements in existing products as per the demand in the market. Whereas this units competitors are much better equipped with research and development facilities which helps them produce better products. Thus I find that research and development effort is lacking in this unit. This industry will face drop in business sooner or later, specially because of environment factors. All over the world usage of this type of machines are being discourage, the reason being awareness of people & the harm being caused by it to the environment. In this view, I feel that they should draw a diversification plan, so that they can put their existing infrastructure to the best possible use and so that they can continue to be in the business.
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9. Conclusion
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CONCLUSION Excel Crop Care Ltd. has a very large and well established personnel department also, the importance of personnel function is well appreciated by the employee as well as the management. On the whole I can conclude that (1) (2) Excel has a well formed organizational structure which clearly depicts the relation-ship between its different members. The functions of recruitment selection and induction are well managed by Excel Crop Care Ltd. resulting into the employment of best available personnel. (3) (4) (5) (6) The working atmosphere providing to its employees very conclusive for their development. The company also takes up variation steps to train and develop its employees through it EITEAN department. Performance and not seniority is consider for promotion criteria. Performance appraisal is considered as the most important function of personnel department by Excel Crop Care Ltd. as it aims at organizational development through qualitative individual development. (7) (8) In Excel Crop Care Ltd. there exists a finest wage and salary administration structure. Employees safety is the honest thing kept mind by the company. So a special safety department has been develop where in each employee is made to understand the usage of safety instruments given to him. (9) (10) (11) Employees satisfaction is given at most importance by Excel Crop Care Ltd. for this Family approach steps in whenever the employee feels discounted. Trade Union and their rights are not at all neglected by the company. No strikes have taken place at any time in the history of Excel Crop Care Ltd. Excel Crop Care Ltd. maintain very smooth and co-operative, relations with both insiders and outsiders.
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10. Bibliography
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. 2. 3. Aswathappa k. Human resource & personnel management. Published by Tata Mc. Graw Hill. Khan and Jain Financial Management. Philip Kotler Marketing Management Published by Prentice Hall of India Private limited.
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PREPARED BY HIREN.R.MAHESHWARI S. Y., B. B. A. ACADEMIC YEAR 2007 2008 ROLL No.

Hiren R. Maheshwari, S.Y., B.B.A.

CHRIST COLLEGE, RAJKOT

Hiren R. Maheshwari, S.Y., B.B.A.

CHRIST COLLEGE, RAJKOT

Hiren R. Maheshwari, S.Y., B.B.A.

CHRIST COLLEGE, RAJKOT

Hiren R. Maheshwari, S.Y., B.B.A.

CHRIST COLLEGE, RAJKOT

PAGE NO. 05 16 32 59 75 94 97 99 101 103

Hiren R. Maheshwari, S.Y., B.B.A.

CHRIST COLLEGE, RAJKOT

Hiren R. Maheshwari, S.Y., B.B.A.

CHRIST COLLEGE, RAJKOT

GENERAL INFORMATION CONTENTS SR. No. 1. PARTICULARS Introduction PAGE No. 7

Hiren R. Maheshwari, S.Y., B.B.A.

CHRIST COLLEGE, RAJKOT

Hiren R. Maheshwari, S.Y., B.B.A.

CHRIST COLLEGE, RAJKOT

Hiren R. Maheshwari, S.Y., B.B.A.

CHRIST COLLEGE, RAJKOT

Hiren R. Maheshwari, S.Y., B.B.A.

CHRIST COLLEGE, RAJKOT

Hiren R. Maheshwari, S.Y., B.B.A.

CHRIST COLLEGE, RAJKOT

Hiren R. Maheshwari, S.Y., B.B.A.

CHRIST COLLEGE, RAJKOT

Private sector Public sector Joint sector

Hiren R. Maheshwari, S.Y., B.B.A.

CHRIST COLLEGE, RAJKOT

Hiren R. Maheshwari, S.Y., B.B.A.

CHRIST COLLEGE, RAJKOT

Hiren R. Maheshwari, S.Y., B.B.A.

CHRIST COLLEGE, RAJKOT

ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF KUTCH VICE PRECEDENT GENERAL MANAGER SENIOR MANAGER

EXECUTIVES OFFICERS STAFF SUPERVISOR WORKERS

Hiren R. Maheshwari, S.Y., B.B.A.

CHRIST COLLEGE, RAJKOT

Hiren R. Maheshwari, S.Y., B.B.A.

CHRIST COLLEGE, RAJKOT

Hiren R. Maheshwari, S.Y., B.B.A.

CHRIST COLLEGE, RAJKOT

Hiren R. Maheshwari, S.Y., B.B.A.

CHRIST COLLEGE, RAJKOT

Hiren R. Maheshwari, S.Y., B.B.A.

CHRIST COLLEGE, RAJKOT

Hiren R. Maheshwari, S.Y., B.B.A.

CHRIST COLLEGE, RAJKOT

Hiren R. Maheshwari, S.Y., B.B.A.

CHRIST COLLEGE, RAJKOT

Hiren R. Maheshwari, S.Y., B.B.A.

CHRIST COLLEGE, RAJKOT

PROCESS OF (ALLUMINIUM PHOSPHIDE) (CELPHOS)

ALLUMINUM POWDER WATER

*EFFLUENT ALP REACTOR

P2O5 GAS STACK

*LIQUID EFFLUENT GENERATING *GAS EFFLUENT GENERATING

Hiren R. Maheshwari, S.Y., B.B.A.

CHRIST COLLEGE, RAJKOT

PROCESS OF (ZINC PHOSPHIDE) (COMMANDO)

ZINC DUST WATER

P2O5 GAS STACK

BLENDER PHOSPHORIC ACID

LIQUID EFFLUENT GENERATING GAS EFFLUENT GENERATING

LIQUID EFFLUENT GENERATING GAS EFFLUENT GENERATING