Additional analysis notes for AS Chem students

Test for group 7 anions. Add acidified Silver nitrate AgF AgCl AgBr AgI Colourless White Cream Yellow No ppt to dissolve Re-dissolves in dil NH3 Re-dissolves in conc NH3 Does not dissolve in NH3

Test for unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds. Add bromine water to organic compounds and shake Result: Brown colour disappears and solution becomes colourless. Additionally When burned on a watch glass they produce a sooty flame (incomplete combustion) Test for sulphite anion (SO32-) Add acid and test the gas evolved is SO2 Test for Sulphur dioxide Add Potassium Chromate paper goes from orange to green Test for Carbonate and Hydrogen carbonate (CO32- and HCO3-) Add U.I. and if the solution is blue you have carbonate (pH 12), if it is dark green you have hydrogen carbonate (pH 9). Additionally you can add Phenolphthalein This goes dark pink with carbonate and light pink with hydrogen

carbonate Add Calcium Chloride to CO32- or HCO3Carbonate will form a white ppt Flame tests Lithium = Red Sodium = Yellow Potassium = lilac

Calcium = brick red (orange) Barium = apple green Ammonium compounds

Strontium = crimson (dark red)

Unlike ionic solids they sublime at low temperature

Test for Haloalkane Add sodium hydroxide and acidified Silver Nitrate. Refer to group 7 test for colour of precipitate produced. Test for alcohol -OH group Add Phosphorus Pentachloride, misty fumes are produced which are acidic (hydrogen chloride)