STERLING JACKETED PAN EVAPORATOR AIM:To calculate the economy, capacity and overall heat transfer coefficient of an evaporator.

THEORY:Evaporation is an operation that is carried out in industry as a means of concentrating weak indigenous solution by vapourization of a portion of solvent. Evaporation is carried out by supplying heat to a solution to vaporize solvent The common heating medium is generally low pressure steam but in some situation other source that might be used or solar energy fuels, electricity, hot oil and oil gas. . The heat is utilized to * Increase the temperature of the solution to its boiling point. * Supply the latest heat of vapourisation of the solvent. FORMULA USED:Q = MS s = UAT A = / 4 D2 + DL where, ms mass flow rate ( kg / hr ) s latent heat of condensation of steam ( kJ / kg ) U overall heat transfer coefficient ( W / m2 K ) A area of heat transfer ( m2 ) D- Diameter of the Pan evaporator L-Length of the pan evaporator T temperature difference ( C ) T ( Tsteam - Tcondensate) Volume of water evaporated for height: V= (/4) d2h Where, h height of the water ( m ) Mass of water evaporated: m= V ( kg ) Rate of water evaporated = m / t ( kg / s ) Economy = Mass of water evaporated Mass of steam evaporated Capacity = Mass of water evaporated * time

PAN EVAPORATOR

9) PAN EVAPORATION; Temperature Feed (C) Temperature Temperature Initial Final Condensate Time Steam (C) Condensate(C) height(cm) height(cm) Flow (S) rate(ml/min)

PROCEDURE: Fill the water inside the steam generator. Switch on the heater Fill the pan with feed on a certain level and note down the rates. Allow the steam to heat the pan having the feed by opening the steam inlet valve. To collect the condensate and open the condensate valve. Note down the steam inlet temperature, feed temperature and the condensate temperature and also the flow rate of condensate. Note the readings at a certain height difference where the feed gets evaporated. Using formulae, we can calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient and economy of the evaporator.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS: In sugar industry for concentrating the sugar. In salt evaporation process.

RESULT:The overall heat transfer co-efficient, U = Economy of the evaporator Capacity of the evaporator E = C =