Energy Resources Project Submitted to: Sir Ahmed Sohail

NS Faisal Mushtaq NS Muhammad Nauman Zafar NS Rashid Rehman NS Ubaid ur Rehman

 Algae
Mode of Life Habitat Nutrients Required for Sustenance

Algae Fuel
Why Algae? Increased Oil Prices and Depleting Resources Oil Content Show Content Reduce CO2 Emissions Easy to Grow

 Schizochytrium limacinum is a heterotrophic microalga

that is capable of producing high levels of biomass and total fatty acid. Two methods were tested:
Dried Method 57% yield of crude biodiesel 66.37% FAME Wet Method Much lower Biodiesel yield

Parameters such as free glycerol, total glycerol, acid

number, soap content, corrosiveness to copper, flash point, viscosity, and particulate matter met the ASTM standards

 Algae fuel is an alternative to fossil fuel and uses algae

as its source of natural deposits. The United States Department of Energy estimates that if algae fuel replaced all the petroleum fuel in the United States, it would require 15,000 square miles (39,000 km2) which is only 0.42% of the U.S. map. Expected price parity with oil in 2017 if granted production tax credits, according to algal Biomass Organization. Show Process

 Major Types
Open Ponds Simple Design

Figure

Low Production and Operating Cost

Vulnerable to Contamination / Weather Conditions

Require Large Areas

Photo Bioreactors Figure Controlled Environment Protection from Outside Contamination Better Productivity

 Algae gives almost 20 times more yield in gallons of oil

per acre as compared to palm (richest in oil content among crops) No sophisticated harvesting techniques required Can grow on salt aquifers Show comparison

 Biodiesel Production

Jet Fuel
Consumes CO2 and generates Oxygen, ideal for

aquatic life Chemical feedstock for drugs and Chemicals Dried mass can be used as animal feedstock Marginal / waste land can be used

 Expensive
Since its an immature technology, less acceptance in

business community.
CO2
Algae requires more CO2 than available in environment,

external source must be installed.

Retrofit Warranties
Engine manufacturers automatically void warranties

Weather Dependence

 Scientists are now trying to generate super algae,

through genetic modifications. Over 4000 strains have been genetically engineered. Less CO2 consuming strains can be generated. Concerns are there about artificial strains, that if leak in environment would damage eco system.

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 Raceway Type

Actual Construction

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Actual Model

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