The future of electronics and photonics

Graphene
Zero-gap semiconductor A fortifiable bridge between CondensedMatter Physics and High-Energy Particle Physics. Incredibly strong Viable replacement for silicon circuits

Photonics and Graphene

Photonics
Anything to do with producing, analyzing, and

modifying of light through the use of science and technology.

IBM, Graphene used as an optical receiver operating on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. Berkley, integrated Graphene to fabricate a radio frequency optical modulator The Future, integrating Graphene as a photodetector in CMOS.

Why Graphene?

Plasmons
Surface plasmons are collective oscillations

of electrons at the surface of a conductor. Plasmons can be excited by photons or electrons.

Traditional plasmonic materials

Gold and Silver Large Ohmic losses Non-tunability

Why Graphene?

Photons in the infrared or terahertz region can easily be coupled to surface plasmons.
Surface Plasmon Polariton surface wave Electric Gating of Graphene Chemical doping

Graphene Plasmonics

Photonic metamaterials Light harvesting Optical biosensing Transformation optics

Broadband Polarizer

Graphene can selectively support:

Transverse Magnetic electromagnetic SPP

surface waves Transverse Electric electromagnetic SPP surface waves

TE-pass
Works on wavelengths from visible to Near-

infrared.

TM-pass
Alternatively, when properly doped, graphene

can be used for telecommunications in much the same manner.

Broadband Photodetector
Traditional photodetectors are effectively blind to photons with energies smaller than the materials energy band gap. Photodetection and Graphene

Photocarriers behave differently in Graphene

Absorption of light produces electron-hole pairs

and only has a lifetime of a few picoseconds Applied fields allow these pairs can be separated and transported to produce a photocurrent

References
Bao, Quiaoliang; Loh Kian Pung; Graphene Photonics, Plasmonics, and Broadband Optoelectronic Devices ACSNano Vol. 6 No. 5 2012 Goerbig, M.O. Electronic properties of graphene in a strong magnetic field Reviews of Moder Physics Vol. 83 2011 Kittel, Charles Introduction to Solid State Physics 8th Ed. John Wiley & Sons 2005