Section

4.2

Trigonometric Functions

o.f

Acute

Angles 345

measured from the Greenwich meridian that passes north-south

of sectors are proportional to their central angles to prove

that

through London.

Table
City

Latitude and Longitude Locations of U.S. Cities

Latitude
33"45',

4.1

e: \rre
where r is the radius and 0 is in radians.

Longitude 84'23',
87"37',
830
1

Atlanta Chicago

4l'49',
l)o))' 35"72', 25"45',
44"58',

Detroit
Los Angeles

0'

I 18'02',

Miami
Minneapolis New Orleans New York
San Diego San

80'1 1'
93'1 5'

30'00'
40"40'
32"43',

90"05'
73"58',
1

Extending the ldeas

61. Area of a

17" 10',

Francisco

37'45'
4'.7'36',

112"26',
122020',

Sector Use the formula A (l/2)r20 to determine the area of the sector with given radius r and central angle 0.

Seattle

(a)r:5.9ft,0:r/5

(b)r: l.6km,0:3.7

In Exercises 52-55, find the difference in longitude between the

given cities.

62. Navigation Control tower A is 60 miles east of control tower B. At a certain time an airplane is on bearings of 340'
from tower A and 37" from tower B. Use a drawing to model the exact location of the airplane.

52. Atlanta and San Francisco 5-1. New York and San Diego 54. Minneapolis and Chicago 55. Miami and

Seattle

63. Bicycle Racing Ben Scheltz's bike wheels are 28 inches

in diameter, and for high gear the pedal sprocket is 9 inches in diameter and the wheel sprocket is 3 inches in diameter. Find the angular speed in radians per second of the wheel and of both sprockets when Ben reaches his peak racing speed of 66 ftlsec in high gear.

In Exercises 56-59. assume that the two cities have the same longitude (that is, assume that one is directly north of the other), and find the distance between them in nautical miles. Use 79 12 miles for the diameter of the earth. 56. San Diego and Los Angeles 57. Seattle and San Francisco 58. New Orleans and Minneapolis 59. Detroit and Atlanta
60. Group

Aetivity Area of a Sector A sector of a circle (shaded in the figure) is a region bounded by a central angle of a circle and its intercepted arc. Use the fact that the areas

TrEgonometric Functions of Acute Amg*ee

Right Triangle Trigonometry Triangle Trigonometry

Two Famous Triangles

Trigonometric Functions with a Calculator

Evaluating

Applications of Right

Right Triangle Trigonometry

Recall that geometric figures are similar if they have the same shape even though they may have different sizes. Having the same shape means that the angles of one are congruent to the angles of the other and their corresponding sides are proportional. Similarity is the basis for many applications, includin-e scale drawings, maps, and right triangle trigonometry, which is the topic of this section.