Name of Drug Classification and
Mechanism of Action Indication and
1. Acetaminophen Non – Narcotic
Analgesic
Paracetamol
Produces analgesia
Tylenol by unknown
Tempra mechanism, perhaps
Pedric by action on
peripheral nervous
system. Reduces
fever by direct
action on
hypothalamus heat –
regulating center
with consequent
peripheral
vasodilation,
sweating and
dissipation of heat.
Name of Drug Classification and
Mechanism of Action
2. Cefalexin • Anti-bacterial
Also known Agents
as • Cephalosporins
Cephalexin
Cephalexin, like the
penicillins, is a beta-
lactam antibiotic. By
binding to specific
penicillin-binding proteins
(PBPs) located inside the
bacterial cell wall, it
inhibits the third and last
stage of bacterial cell wall
synthesis. Cell lysis is
then mediated by
bacterial cell wall
Side Effects /
Contraindication Adverse Nursing Responsibility
Dosage Reaction
Fever reduction. *Hypersensitivity to GI: hepatic 1. Do not use this medication
Temporary relief of acetaminophen or failure without medical direction for:
mild to moderate phenacetin hepatotoxicity fever persisting longer than 3
pain. GU: renal days, fever over 39.5C (103F)
failure(high or recurrence fever
Adult: PO 500mg q4 doses/chronic 2. Do not self medicate adults for
hour use) pain more than 10 days without
Derm:rash,urtica consulting a physician
ria 3. Do not take other medication
(e.g., cold preparations)
containing acetaminophen
without medical advice,
overdosing and chronic use can
cause liver damage and other
toxic effects.
Side Effects /
Indication and Dosage Contraindication Adverse Reaction Nursing Responsibility
For the treatment of *Hypersensitivity to Pain at inj site; 1. The drug should be taken with
respiratory tract cephalosporins. hypersensitivity; or without food. (May be taken
infections caused by GI disturbances; with meals to reduce GI
Streptococcus eosinophilia, discomfort)
pneumoniae and neutropenia, 2. Before administration, ask
Streptococcus leucopenia, patient if he is allergic to
pyogenes thrombocytopenia penicillins or cephalosporins.
. 3. Tell patient to take entire
Potentially amount of drug exactly as
Fatal: prescribed, even after he feels
Anaphylactic better.
reactions; 4. Advise patient to notify
nephrotoxicity. prescriber if rash develops or
signs and symptoms of
superinfection appear.
5. Inform patient not to crush, cut,
 autolytic enzymes such as or chew extended-release
autolysins; it is possible tablets.
that cephalexin interferes
with an autolysin
inhibitor.

Name of Drug Classification and Side Effects /

Mechanism of Action Indication and Contraindication Adverse Nursing Responsibility
Dosage Reaction

1. Carbocisteine Expectorants Adjunctive therapy Contraindicated in Nausea, 1. Tell patient to take with 8 oz of
in respiratory tract Active peptic ulcer. diarrhoea, water and to drink plenty of
Mucospect Carbocisteine disorders headache, fluids.
Solmux reduces the viscosity characterised by dizziness, 2. Instruct patient to contact
Guaifenesin of non-infected excessive viscous palpitations and prescriber if cough lasts more
secretions from mucous in the heartburn may than 1 week.
mucous cells in the absence of infection. occur. Caution 3. As appropriate, review all
Name of Drug Classification and
respiratory tract. Side Effects
must be / other significant adverse
Mechanism of Action Indication and Contraindication Adversein
exercised Nursing Responsibility
reactions and interactions,
Dosage Reaction
patients with a especially those related to the
history of tests mentioned above.
2. Ranitidine Maintenance therapy Contraindicated in CNS: vertigo,
gastric or 1.
4. IfAssess patient fortaste
the medication abdominal
bad
Hydrochlori H 2 receptor for duodenal or patients malaise,
duodenal ulcer. pain.with
take Notejuice.
presence of blood
de antagonist. gastric ulcer hypersensitive to headache.
Gastro-intestinal 5. in emesis,
Do not use stool,
more or gastric
than the
drug and those with EENT: blurred
bleeding and aspirate.
recommened dosage to
Apo-Ranitidine†, Competitively inhibits acute porphyria. vision.
skin rash may 2. Remindadverse
prevent patient to take once-
reactions.
Zantac*, Zantac-C†, action of histamine Use cautiously in Hepatic:
occur. 6. daily prescription
drugs will make the drug at
sputum
Zantac 75OTC on the H2 at receptor patients with hepatic jaundice. bedtime
more forand
liquid bestwhen
results.
sites of parietal cells, dysfunction. Adjust Other: burning 3. Instruct patient
coughing, to takeis easier
the sputum
decreasing gastric dosage in patients and itching at without
to coughregard
up. to meals
acid secretion. with impaired renal injection site, because absorption isn't
function. anaphylaxis, affected by food.
angioedema. 4. Advise patient to report
abdominal pain and blood in
stool or emesis.s
Name of Drug Classification and Side Effects /
Mechanism of Action Indication and Contraindication Adverse Reaction Nursing Responsibility
Dosage

5. Cefuroxime Treat wide variety of Contraindicated in Reported side 1. Do not take this medication
Cefuroxime is a infection patients effects include if you are allergic to
semisynthetic hypersensitive to diarrhea, nausea, cefuroxime, or to similar
Ceftin cephalosporin drug or other vomiting, antibiotics, such as Cefzil,
antibiotic, chemically cephalosporins. abdominal pain, Keflex, Omnicef, and others.
similar to penicillin. It Use cautiously in headache, rash, 2. Before taking this
is effective against a patients hives, vaginitis, medication, tell your doctor
wide variety of hypersensitive to headache, and if you are allergic to any
bacteria organisms, penicillin because of mouth ulcers. drugs (especially penicillin).
such as possibility of cross- 3. Tell your doctor if you have
Staphylococcus sensitivity with other liver or kidney disease,
aureus, beta-lactam diabetes, a history of
Streptococcus antibiotics. intestinal problems, or if you
pneumoniae, Use cautiously in are malnourished.
Haemophilus breast-feeding 4. Tell patient to take drug as
influenzae, E. coli, N. women and in prescribed, even after he
gonorrhoeae, and patients with history feels better.
many others. of colitis or renal 5. Instruct patient to take oral
insufficiency. form with food.
6. If patient has difficulty
swallowing tablets, show him
how to dissolve or crush
tablets but warn him that the
bitter taste is hard to mask,
even with food.
7. Tell patient to notify
prescriber about loose stools
or diarrhea.
8. Instruct patient to notify
prescriber about rash or
evidence of superinfection.
 Name of Drug Classification and Side Effects /
Mechanism of Action Indication and Contraindication Adverse Nursing Responsibility
Dosage Reaction

6. Methylprednisolone Corticosteroids
Severe
Medrol inflammation or
Not clearly defined. immunosuppression
Decreases
inflammation,
mainly by stabilizing
leukocyte lysosomal
membranes;
suppresses immune
response; stimulates
bone marrow; and
influences protein,
fat, and
carbohydrate
metabolism.
Contraindicated in CNS: euphoria, 1. Tell patient not to stop drug
patients insomnia, abruptly or without
hypersensitive to psychotic prescriber's consent.
drug or its behavior 2. Instruct patient to take oral
ingredients, in those form of drug with milk or food.
4mg with systemic fungal GI: peptic 3. Teach patient signs and
infections, in ulceration, GI symptoms of early adrenal
premature infants irritation, insufficiency: fatigue, muscle
(acetate and increased weakness, joint pain, fever,
succinate), and in appetite anorexia, nausea, shortness of
patients receiving breath, dizziness, and fainting.
immunosuppressive Musculoskeletal: 4. Always adjust to lowest
doses together with growth effective dose.
live virus vaccines. suppression in 5. Monitor patient's weight,
Use cautiously in children, muscle blood pressure, electrolyte
patients with GI weakness level, and sleep patterns.
ulceration or renal Euphoria may initially interfere
disease, with sleep, but patients
hypertension, typically adjust to therapy in 1
osteoporosis, to 3 weeks.
diabetes mellitus, 6. Unless contraindicated, give
hypothyroidism, low-sodium diet that's high in
cirrhosis, potassium and protein. Give
diverticulitis, potassium supplements, as
nonspecific needed.
ulcerative colitis,
recent intestinal
anastomoses,
thromboembolic
disorders, seizures,
active hepatitis,
lactation,
myasthenia gravis,
heart failure,
tuberculosis, ocular
herpes simplex,
emotional instability,
and psychotic
tendencies.